CEDA/2nrs

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• Against Policy teams the 1nc was:

  Cybersecurity Ptix (regulations good - econ/heg),

  Neo-Lib K (rejection alt),

  Iraq State Dept T/off (Funding/personnel link),

  EU CP with Warming EU cred NB

  T - Dem Ass - Lappin

  Case args - Impact D and kiss of death/US makes things worse

  2nrs were Topicality - Blocks were politics, EU, Case in addition

  Against Critical Teams:

  See above +

  Framework and Boredom/Aesthetics bad

  
  
• 
  
  

Districts / CEDA - Disads

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• iraq tradeoff disad

   

  Iraq civil war causes Saudi-Iran conflict, oil shocks, increases Sunni-Shiite conflict, increases Al Qaeda strength and destroys American leadership – Full focus by state department will stave off war now

  Kagan and Kagan 1/2 (2012, Frederick and Kimberly “Is Iraq Lost?”, http://www.weeklystandard.com/articles/iraq-lost_614757.html?page=2, Kimberly Kagan is president of the Institute for the Study of War.
   Frederick W. Kagan is a resident scholar at the American Enterprise Institute and director of AEI’s Critical Threats Project, THE WEEKLEY STANDARD)

  The reemergence of civil war

  and the State Department.

   

  Diplomatic resources are finite – pushing new democracy assistance initiatives forces a trade-off
   Kelemen 8-21-2011, NPR, Michele, A former NPR Moscow bureau chief. She worked eight years working for the Voice of America. Michele Kelemen now covers the State Department and Washington's diplomatic corps., Kelemen has been traveling with Secretary of State Hillary Clinton from Asia to the Middle East and Europe, tracking the Obama administration's broad foreign policy agenda, Hillary Clinton: U.S. Diplomacy Is Stretched Thin, http://www.npr.org/people/2100727/michele-kelemenhttp://www.npr.org/2011/08/16/139678323/hillary-clinton-u-s-diplomacy-is-stretched-thin Secretary of State Hillary Clinton says the bruising

  where we intervene and what we do."

   

  US war with Iran ends in extinction

  Chossudovsky 07 (Michel, prof of econ @ University of Ottowa, 1/21, “The Unthinkable: The US-Israeli Nuclear War on Iran”, http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context =viewArticle&code=CHO20070121&articleId=4536, SRM)

  The World is at the crossroads

  as demonstrated in recent military exercises. 

   

  climate aid tradeoff disad

   

  Climate assistance will avoid cuts now but it’s an easy target- new cuts would devastate USAID and US leadership

  Worthington ‘8-11 ((Samuel Worthington, InterAction CEO and president, 8-1-11 , InterAction is the largest alliance of U.S.-based international nongovernmental organizations, "US must learn from Britain and not cut foreign aid," The Guardian, www.guardian.co.uk/global-development/poverty-matters/2011/aug/01/us-foreign-aid-cuts)

   

  Current budget battles

  poorest populations make no sense to us either.

   

   

  Democracy assistance is zero-sum with climate assistance

  Sharma ’11 (Republican Majority Taking Stance on Cutting Foreign Aide FEBRUARY 3, 2011 BY MUKUL LEAVE A COMMENT Mukul Sharma is a recent graduate of the University of Maryland in College Park. He majored in Environmental Politics and Policy and now works for DC based firm SEGURA Consulting, contributing to projects both in and outside their environmental practice.

   

  The recent slew of

  Asia will be put on the back-burner.

   

  Climate assistance is on the chopping block- cuts will crush US climate leadership and ensure runaway warming

  Light ’11 (Cutting international investments would endanger U.S. leadership BY ANDREW LIGHT Andrew Light, Ph.D., is a Senior Fellow at American Progress specializing in climate, energy, and science policy. He coordinates American Progress’s participation in the Global Climate Network, focusing on international climate change policy and the future of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. He is also director of the Center for Global Ethics at George Mason University. 7 APR 2011 3:50 PM

   

  Lawmakers continue to debate the

  more important to bolster our credibility in this process.

   

  Warming causes extinction

  Deibel 7 – Terry L. Deibel, Professor of National Strategy at the National War College, 2007, Foreign Affairs Strategy: Logic for American Statecraft, p. 387-389

  Finally, there is one major existential

  existence of life on this planet.

   

  cybersecurity ptix disad

   

  Cyber-security will pass—key to safeguard against attacks which destroy the economy and heg

  Rash 2/18

  (Wayne, “Cybersecurity Act Gives Feds Power to Protect Infrastructure”, http://www.pcworld.com/article/250206/cybersecurity_act_gives_feds_power_to_protect_infrastructure.html, CMR)

  The Cybersecurity Act of 2012

  may introduce their own cybersecurity bill.

   

  Plan drains capital

  Richter 11

  (4/12/2011, Paul LA Times, “Debt worries stymieing U.S. financial aid to help Arab nations in transition; U.S. lawmakers not only have shut the door on new spending to stabilize countries rocked by the so-called Arab Spring. They have resisted proposals to shift money from other foreign aid programs,” http://articles.latimes.com/2011/apr/12/world/la-fg-mideast-aid-20110413)

  Reporting from Washington — The Obama

  appropriators in Congress, aides say.

   

  Political capital is key – must work out differences in competing approaches

  Levin 2-8

  Mintz Levin on 2/8/2012 “Legislative Update – Cybersecurity” http://www.jdsupra.com/post/documentViewer.aspx?fid=0a38a729-5e76-4261-8263-e371f4cbff87

  As the 112th Congress gets underway,

  of passing a cybersecurity bill this year.

   

  Triggers launch of weapons and aggression – flips the aff.

  McCleskey, 11

   (3/29/2011, Clayton M., “More questions than answers on cyber security,” http://dallasmorningviewsblog.dallasnews.com/archives/2011/03/worried-that-yo.html)

  I knew the threat from cyber

  The general warned, "The game is on."

   

   

  jackson vanik ptix disad

   

  Obama pushing Jackson-Vanik – likely to barely pass

  Barkley 2/17 (2012, Tensions With Russia Loom Over Trade Debate, WSJ, http://blogs.wsj.com/economics/2012/02/17/tensions-with-russia-loom-over-trade-debate/)

  U.S. Trade Representative Ron

   Russia will be the top trade priority this year.

   

  The plan costs capital – even if they don’t spend money.

  Los Angeles Times, 4/12/2011 (Debt worries stymieing U.S. financial aid to help Arab nations in transition, p. http://articles.latimes.com/2011/apr/12/world/la-fg-mideast-aid-20110413)

  The Obama administration's

  in Congress, aides say.

   

  Political Capital is key and repeal key to relations

  Stokes, 1/26/2011 (Bruce, An Agenda, If You Can Keep It, National Journal, p. http://www2.nationaljournal.com/member/daily/balance-of-payments)

  After years of relative quiescence,

  but doing so could be an uphill slog.

   

  Relations solve multiple world problems—each risks extinction:    

  Jeffrey Tayler, 2008 (Atlantic staff writer, “Medvedev Spoils the Party,”

  http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2008/11/medvedev-spoils-the-party/7130/)

  Like it or not, the United States

  a volatile future arm in arm.

   

  
  
• 
  
  

Districts / CEDA - Counterplans

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• bahrain pressure

   

  We affirm that the United States federal government should communicate to the government of Bahrain that it will substantially reduce security assistance and remove Bahrain from Major non-NATO ally status unless Bahrain promptly releases jailed opposition leaders and makes measurable progress towards constitutional monarchy, using the Bahraini crown prince’s agenda for dialogue with opposition groups and constitutional monarchy as the starting point.

   

  Triggers an automatic cutoff in military aid unless Bahrain complies, so they will say yes.

  Compliance Campaign ‘11

  2011, “International, domestic law requires the U.S. to cut aid to Bahrain,” http://compliancecampaign.wordpress.com/2011/03/15/international-domestic-law-requires-the-u-s-to-cut-aid-to-gulf-states/

  Following Bahrain’s declaration of martial law

  or other operations consistent with the UN Charter.

   

  Counterplan solves the entire case, and avoids politics

  Hiltermann 11

  (Joost, Deputy Program Director, Middle East and North Africa @ International Crisis Group, “Pushing for Reform in Bahrain,” FP, 9/7, http://www.foreignaffairs.com/ARTICLES/68246/joost-r-hiltermann/pushing-for-reform-in-bahrain?page=show

  How Washington should now

  in its approach to the Arab Spring.

   

  eu

   

  The European Union and all relevant agencies should - - - do the plan

  The counterplan boosts EU leadership.
   Seilor, 5/15

  (Julia, 5/15/11, “Arab Spring: what think tanks say,” , JMP)
   Restoring Europe’s credibility
   its neighbors stabilize.

   

  EU leadership key to preventing warming – ensures peace in the Middle East.

  Ischinger 7

  (Wolfgang, German ambassador to Britain, The Guardian, "Can the EU Fill Leadership Void Left by US?" March 22, )

  In 1990, Charles Krauthammer published

  and welcome the European moment.

   

  Warming causes Extinction

  Tickell 08

  (Oliver Tickell, British journalist, author and campaigner on health and environment issues, and author of the Kyoto2 climate initiative “On a planet 4C hotter, all we can prepare for is extinction,” The Guardian, 8-11-08  http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2008/aug/11/climatechange)

  We need to get prepared for four

  similar hothouse Earth.

   

  occupy pic

   

  Text: Thus in the spirit of decolonization, Derek and I decolonize debate in resonance with democratic protests in Tahrir Square

   

  Occupation is not emancipatory – it normalizes and overlooks the violent occupation of peripheral communities, both in our cities and abroad – decolonization is a critical nexus for solidarity and empowerment of populations without a spatial point of access

   

  Morningstar Gali 11

  December 3, Corrina Gould, Morning Star Gali, Krea Gomez, and Anita DeAsis, “Decolonize Oakland: Creating a More Radical Movement,” http://occupyoakland.org/2011/12/decolonize-oakland/

   

  Oakland is the ancestral

  Decolonize Oakland! Liberate our communities! Practice freedom!

   

  we pic

   

  Use of the term ‘we’ paves the way for government intervention into individual lives and the debate space – this form of politicization in debate causes tyrannical rule and coercion, crushing the possibility for participatory democracy

  Roger Kerr, Executive Director of the New Zealand Business Roundtable, ‘3 (“The 'We' Word: And the Tyranny of the Majority” http://www.cis.org.au/policy/summer03-04/polsumm0304-4.htm)

  Of all such terms,

   into an Orwellian world at worst.

   

  
  
• 
  
  

Districts / CEDA - Kritiks

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• UMWPS

  
  
• 
  
  

Districts / CEDA - Topicality

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• t – must be an increase

   

  A – Interpretation:

   

  Resolved means to determine – it must be definite.

  Dictionary.com No Date

  http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/resolved

  to come to a determination; make up one's mind; determine (often followed by on  or upon ): to resolve on a plan of action.

   

  Increase means to make greater in amount or degree

  OED 71

  (Oxford English Dictionary, 1971, pp. 181-182, “increase, v.”

  6.  To cause to wax or grow; to make greater in amount or degree, to augment, enlarge, extend, intensify.

   

  Democracy assistance is a budgetary category – must expand action of a department.

  Carothers ’09

  [Thomas, vice president for studies at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, overseer of the Democracy and Rule of Law Program, Middle East Program, and Carnegie Europe, and founder and director of the Democracy and Rule of Law Program, “Revitalizing U.S. Democracy Assistance the challenge of USAID,” http://www.scribd.com/doc/21802142/Revitalizing-U-S-Democracy-Assistance-The-Challenge-of-USAID]

  Over the past 25 years, the United States

  important player in the democracy aid domain.

   

  t – substantial

   

  Definitions –

   

  Substantially means “True or real; not imaginary” – Merriam-Webster 2

   

  Increase means “to make greater” – Merriam-Webster 12

   

  Violation – there are two links: (1) the plan has the USFG OFFER the increase without guaranteeing it, and (2) the plan makes EXISTING democracy assistance available to a larger set of recipients without augmenting the assistance itself

   

  t – must be direct

   

  A.  Democracy Assistance is that which DIRECTLY fosters democracy in a recipient country.

  Lappin 10 – Visiting Scholar in the Faculty of Political Science @ University of Belgrade [Richard Lappin (PhD Candidate in the Centre for Peace Research and Security Studies @ University of Leuven, Belgium & Participated in over a dozen democracy assistance missions with the UN, EU, OSCE/ODIHR and Carter Center.)“Post-Conflict Democracy Assistance: A State of the Art’, Cahiers of the Centre for Peace Research & Strategic Studies, No.85, 2010]

  Establishing the definitional clarity

   economic and social aid programmes.’174 pg. 33-35

   

  B.  Violation – the aff is indirect.  Only assistance that goes to the core of political contestation is topical – other forms like improving civil society, the atmosphere for democracy are indirect.  Furthermore, they merely augment data collection on topical and non-topical assistance – makes them extra-topical.

  CAROTHERS  03  Sr. Associate at Carnegie – general DA expert

  [Thomas Carothers- June 2003, IS GRADUALISM POSSIBLE? Choosing a Strategy for Promoting Democracy in the Middle East, http://www.carnegieendowment.org/files/wp39.pdf]

   INDIRECTLY PROMOTING DEMOCRACY The second identifiable

  of elections, even if they are not to Washington’s liking.

   

  
  
• 
  
  

NDT Round 1 Cites

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• Attached below.

  
  
• 
  
  

Round 4

• Tournament: NDT | Round: 4 | Opponent: UMW PS | Judge:
  
  

• 1NC

   

  Case - Solvency

   

  Tunisia will reject US aid—thinks it causes instability

  NLG 11 National Lawyers Guild, and independent delegation in conjunction with Haldane and Mulzamer Society of Lawyers (UK, Turkey), from their research stemming from an investigation into the underpinning’s of Tunisia’s western attitudes, “Promises and Challenges, the Tunisian Revolution” The NLG is the oldest and largest public interest/human rights bar organization in the United States. online A further major question is what role Western governments prescription our delegation heard repeatedly: "Hands off our revolution!"

  A further major question is

  brutal dictators such as Ben Ali.  

   

  Assistance is rejected – US has no credibility

  Freeman 11 –  Chas Freeman,  retired U.S. Foreign Service officer and president emeritus of the Middle East Policy Council, “The Arab Reawakening and Its Strategic Implications,” CARNEGIE ENDOWMENT, 4-6-11. http://www.carnegieendowment.org/2011/04/06/arab-reawakening-and-its-strategic-implications/4yo#

   Washington’s tardy,

  Arabs that America is on their side.

   

  Economic crisis to improve – World Bank commitments solves stability and unemployment

  Jemail and Saade 2/12 (Press Release, “Tunisia: World Bank Support to Country Resolute, says visiting Vice President,” http://allafrica.com/stories/201202131538.html)

  Tunis — The World Bank expressed

  delivery in underserved areas.

   

  EU is increasing market cooperation with Tunisia – massive new investment and infrastructure

  The Information Daily 3/8/12

  (“Jobs And Stability: EU-Tunisia Industry Cooperation Forges Ahead,” http://www.egovmonitor.com/node/47711)

  European Commission Vice President

  are therefore essential.

   

   

  Case – Tunisia

   

  No MPX OR DESIRE FOR PROLIF – AND ALT CAUSES

  Mueller ‘9 (John – Woody Hayes chair of national security studies at Ohio State University, Atomic Obsession, p. 103)

  It rather appears that,

  significant consequential disincentives to go nuclear.

   

  No escalation and multilateral organizations check (Asian war)

  Desker 8 (Barry, Dean – S Rajaratnam School of International Studies, “Why War is Unlikely in Asia: Facing the Challenge from China”, 6-4, http://www.iiss.org/conferences/asias-strategic-challenges-in-search-of-a-common-agenda/conference-papers/fifth-session-conflict-in-asia/why-war-in-asia-remains-unlikely-barry-desker/)

  War in Asia is thinkable but it

  which ASEAN has conceived. 

   

  The impact is empirically denied and there are tons of alt causes

  Kanwal 11 (Gurmeet, Director @ Centre for Land Warfare Studies, “Continuing Instability in South Asia is in the Cards,” Jan 12, http://www.acus.org/new_atlanticist/continuing-instability-south-asia-cards, EMM)

  Though 2010 was relatively peaceful

  be a turbulent year.

   

  Norms and economic interdependence check

  Eskildsen 9 (Robert, Assistant Professor of Japanese History – Smith College “Whither East Asia? Reflections on Japan’s Colonial Experience in Taiwan”, The Asia-Pacific Journal, 3-22, http://japanfocus.org/-Robert-Eskildsen/2058)

  Fast forward to the present,

  stand out as particularly troublesome.

   

  Strong China guarantees stability.

  David C. Kang  09, COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY,  China Rising: Peace, Power, and Order in East Asia Review, , 2009 - 274 pages

  Throughout the past three

  U.S. policy in the region.

   

  RELATIONS ARE IN A HOMEWORK PHASE—NO NEW BREAKTHROUGHS

  Maria Antonova March 30, 2012, AFP, US, Russia to focus on 'homework' until election: official, ACC. 3-30-12, http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5ig4GIVO-GOhCLQ2JIfJknG5v8QmQ?docId=CNG.1a373e3c26419d71d6a65008c3cd7b33.651, JT

  Big breakthroughs between

  used or aimed against it at any time.

   

  RELATIONS STRONG NOW AND FOCUSED ON NUCLEAR COOP

  VLADIMIR ISACHENKOV, Mar. 30, 2012, “Diplomat: US, Russia have 'homework' on shield,” Monterey Herald, http://www.montereyherald.com/news/ci_20289452/us-russia-work-missile-shield-dispute, ACC. 3-30-12, JT

  Asked about Obama's remarks to

  of cooperation," Gottemoeller said.

   

  Resilient – cooperation and de-escalation of all conflicts

  Karaganov et al 2011 (Report by the Russian Participants of the Working Group on the Future of the Russian—U.S. Relations, Sergei Karaganov is the head of the Working Group, the main co-author and executive edito Dean of the School of the World Economy and International Affairs at the National Research University–Higher School of Economics (NRU-HSE); Chairman of the Presidium, the Council on Foreign and Defense Policy (CFDP); Chairman of the Editorial Board, Russia in Global Affairs journal. r. Dmitry Suslov is the Coordinator of the Working Group and the main co-author. The Working Group includes: Pavel Andreyev, Oleg Barabanov, Timofei Bordachev, Maxim Bratersky, Sergei Karaganov, Feodor Lukyanov,Yulia Nikitina, Alexei Pilko, Marsel Salikhov, Nikolai Silayev, Dmitry Suslov, Mikhail Troitsky, and Alexei Fenenko. The Consultants of the project are: Sergei Dubinin, Andrei Kolosovsky, Sergey Ryabkov and Yevgeny Savostyanov., March 2011, “The U.S.—Russia after the «Reset»: Building a New Agenda. A View from Russia” Valdai Discussion Club, accssed 8/3/11, http://vid-1.rian.ru/ig/valdai/US-Russia%20relations_eng.pdf)

  The U.S.—Russian have

  mutual for their implementation.

   

  T

   

  A.  Democracy Assistance is that which DIRECTLY fosters democracy in a recipient country.

  Lappin 10 – Visiting Scholar in the Faculty of Political Science @ University of Belgrade [Richard Lappin (PhD Candidate in the Centre for Peace Research and Security Studies @ University of Leuven, Belgium & Participated in over a dozen democracy assistance missions with the UN, EU, OSCE/ODIHR and Carter Center.)“Post-Conflict Democracy Assistance: A State of the Art’, Cahiers of the Centre for Peace Research & Strategic Studies, No.85, 2010]

  Establishing the definitional clarity

   economic and social aid programmes.’174 pg. 33-35

   

  B.  Violation – the aff is indirect.  Only assistance that goes to the core of political contestation is topical – other forms like improving civil society, the atmosphere for democracy are indirect.  Furthermore, they merely augment data collection on topical and non-topical assistance – makes them extra-topical.

  CAROTHERS  03  Sr. Associate at Carnegie – general DA expert

  [Thomas Carothers- June 2003, IS GRADUALISM POSSIBLE? Choosing a Strategy for Promoting Democracy in the Middle East, http://www.carnegieendowment.org/files/wp39.pdf]

   INDIRECTLY PROMOTING DEMOCRACY The second identifiable

  of elections, even if they are not to Washington’s liking.

   

  EU CP

   

  The EU is trained to fight corruption – nation-specific approach

  UNDP 11

  (United Nations Development Project Governance Assessment Portal, “Brussels - Anti-corruption analysis training for the European Union,” January 25, http://www.gaportal.org/brussels-anti-corruption-analysis-training-european-union)

  UNDP’s Global Programme on

  Global Programme on Democratic Governance Assessments and the European Commission.

   

  The counterplan boosts EU leadership.
   Seilor, 5/15

  (Julia, 5/15/11, “Arab Spring: what think tanks say,” , JMP)
   Restoring Europe’s credibility
   Scholars agree that

  its neighbors stabilize.

   

  EU leadership key to preventing warming – ensures peace in the Middle East.

  Ischinger 7

  (Wolfgang, German ambassador to Britain, The Guardian, "Can the EU Fill Leadership Void Left by US?" March 22, http://www.china.org.cn/english/international/203945.htm)

  In 1990, Charles Krauthammer

  to lead, and welcome the European moment.

   

  Warming causes Extinction

  Tickell 08

  (Oliver Tickell, British journalist, author and campaigner on health and environment issues, and author of the Kyoto2 climate initiative “On a planet 4C hotter, all we can prepare for is extinction,” The Guardian, 8-11-08  http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2008/aug/11/climatechange)

  We need to get prepared

  towards a similar hothouse Earth.

   

  Elections

   

  A. Obama will win now – but Labelling Obama’s policies as SUPPORTING ISLAM can mobilize the Republican base and cost Obama the election

  Feffer 3/29

  (2012, Creating the Muslim Manchurian Candidate the Right Wing's Election-Year Islamophobia, Http://Www.Opednews.Com/Articles/John-Feffer-Islamophobia-by-Tom-Engelhardt-120329-224.Html, John, John Feffer is the Co-Director Of Foreign Policy in Focus at the Institute for Policy Studies and Writes Its Regular World Beat Column.) 

  Those who fervently believe that

  sent from the Islamic world.

   

  B. Support for democracies in predominately Muslim countries Emboldens the GOP base – Obama not protecting democracy now.

  Glennon 3/29

  (2012, The Never-Ending Crusade, http://inthesetimes.com/article/12862/the_never_ending_crusade, Patrick)

  What makes right-wing alarmism

   same political treatment that Westerners enjoy.

   

  Obama’s pushing to ratify CTBT – his defeat crushes the initiative

  Chris Schneidmiller ,"Senate Decision Key to Future of Test Ban Treaty," Global Security Newswire, 7-18-11, http://www.globalsecuritynewswire.org/gsn/nw_20110714_9351.php

  The Obama administration is preparing

  certainly remain frozen in place in Washington.

   

  US Ratification Is Key To Prevent Global Prolif and Nuke War.

  Ian Davis, Co-Executive Director of the British American Security Information Council, “Getting the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Back on Track” 05-11-2009.

  This can't happen too soon.

  secure ratification by other key states.

   

   

  2NC

   

  T

   

  FIRST is limits –Failure to have definitional clarity about democracy assistance allows the inclusion of any and all activities that simply demonstrate a democratic effort.  That creates a laundry list where the only requirement is to ASSIST DEMOCRACY which is definitionally distinct – that’s Lappin.  AND – providers will interpret this as a veritable grab bag of aid programs

  Carothers 09 - Founder and Director of the Democracy and Rule of Law Program @ Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. [Thomas Carothers is vice-president for studies at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. “Democracy Assistance: political vs. developmental?” Journal of Democracy Volume 20, Number 1 January 2009]

  It is true, as some skeptics … experience.2 pg. 10-11

   

  Drawing a line between direct & indirect is the only way to make the concept manageable.  This card speaks to the way researchers are trying to manage the concept

  BURNELL  00  Professor of politics @ University of Warwick

  [Peter Burnell, “Democracy Assistance: The State of Discourse,” Democracy Assistance: International Co-operation for Democratization, edited by: Peter Burnell, pg. 12-13]

  All things considered, … questions such as these.

   

  Independently turns solvency – vote neg on presumption

  Lappin, 10 - University of Leuven (Belgium) Centre for Peace Research and Strategic Studies PhD candidate, participant in democracy assistance missions with the UN, EU, OSCE, and Carter Center, University of Belgrade political sciences visiting scholar, (Richard, Central European Journal of International & Security Studies, Volume 4 Issue 1, “What we talk about when we talk about democracy assistance: the problem of definition in post-conflict approaches to democratization” http://www.cejiss.org/issue/2010-volume-4-issue-1/lappin)

  By the end of the … be undermined.

   

  SECOND is GROUND – Democracy Assistance contributes to the direct political contestation in the recipient country.  This is an important distinction that divides the topic -   Topical affirmatives have to defend both democracy and US involvement in that democracy.  Our interpretation guarantees that ground.  Allowing democracy assistance to include democracy promotions makes the topic infinitely directional.

  Lappin 10 – Visiting Scholar in the Faculty of Political Science @ University of Belgrade [Richard Lappin (PhD Candidate in the Centre for Peace Research and Security Studies @ University of Leuven, Belgium & Participated in over a dozen democracy assistance missions with the UN, EU, OSCE/ODIHR and Carter Center.)“What We Talk About When We Talk About Democracy Assistance: The Problem of Definition in Post-Conflict Approaches to Democratisation1,” Central European Journal of International & Security Studies, Vol.4, No.1, May (2010)

  In defining democracy … enforced.  Pg. 188

   

  Governance goes beyond the scope of democracy assistance – the two terms pull in opposite directions – they’re straight-up bidirectional.

  Rakner et al ‘8

  (Lise, Alina Rocha Menocal, Verena Fritz, “Assessing international democracy assistance:  Key lessons and challenges”, August, Project Briefing, Overseas Development Institute, No 14, p. http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/docs/2551.pdf)

  While democracy promotion …-making process.

   

  Decoupling governance from democratization is key to policy coherence – flips their context arguments – their view undermines activities.

  Rakner et al ‘8

  (Lise, Alina Rocha Menocal, Verena Fritz, “Assessing international democracy assistance:  Key lessons and challenges”, August, Project Briefing, Overseas Development Institute, No 14, p. http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/docs/2551.pdf)

  It is vital to balance …

   

  Elections

   

  Obama has 60% odds of re-election now – inertia favors him, but this could shift.

  Poulos – Daily Caller Columnist; Ricochet Contributor; Fellow @ the Claremont Institute – 3-11

  (James, “Will a second term ruin Obama?”, p. http://dailycaller.com/2012/03/11/will-a-second-term-ruin-obama/2/)

  Those are worrisome numbers

  foreign policy, even on the deficit.

   

  Obama ahead, but barely – Republican candidates are flawed and rank negatively.

  Dunham – Washington Bureau Chief of Hearst News – 3-12

  (Richard, San Francisco Gate, “President Obama’s re-election far from certain”, p. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2012/03/11/MNJB1NIKUD.DTL)

  The vultures of Republican

  overconfident," Lake cautioned.

   

  Obama wins, but only because there isn’t a viable Republican candidate.

  Dunham – Washington Bureau Chief of Hearst News – 3-12

  (Richard, San Francisco Gate, “President Obama’s re-election far from certain”, p. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2012/03/11/MNJB1NIKUD.DTL)

  Just 34 percent of Americans

  Reagan running for president" in 2012.

   

  No foreign policy pariahs – all domestic now.

  Lobe – IPS – 3-20

  (Jim, “Poll Shows Little US Support for Syria Intervention”, accessed online p. http://ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=107133)

  Their silence in the issue appears

  or carry out an attack itself.

   

  Health care not effect the Presidential race

  Dorning 2/29 (http://www.businessweek.com/news/2012-03-29/health-care-case-injects-high-court-into-election-debate, BUSINESS WEEK, 2012, Mike)

  Still, in a testament to the depth of

  or minus for either one of them.”

   

  Open-ended negotiations with Iran defer action – this constrains criticism and policy until after November.

  Krauthammer – Washington Post Columnist – 3-11

  (Charles, Washington Post Writers Group, “National View:  Obama’s Election Outweighs Israel”, Duluth News Tribune, p. http://www.duluthnewstribune.com/event/article/id/225326/group/Opinion/)

  Indeed it is.

  that might threaten his re-election.

   

  Public backlashes to the plan – they perceive the focus trade-off.

  Diamond – Senior Fellow @ Hoover – 2-15

  (Larry, “Five Questions:  Larry Diamond on Promoting Democracy”, Foreign Policy Association, p. http://www.fpa.org/features/index.cfm?act=feature&announcement_id=135)

  I think that Americans have

   happen, through peaceful means. 

   

  Republicans HATE nation building – Afghanistan proves

  Seen as big government

  Ensures massive cost

  Seen as handouts to foreigners

  Dominic Tierney is associate professor of political science at Swarthmore College, 3/2/12

  (“Afghanistan Is Dividing the Soul of the Republican Party,” http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/03/afghanistan-is-dividing-the-soul-of-the-republican-party/253828/)

  But for Republicans there is

   so desperately needs to be built." 

   

  Focus is unique to Obama – he over-invests in wins – this makes small issues *define him* in front of average Americans.

  Goldberg – syndicated journalist @ the national review - 10

  (Jonah, Syndicated Journalist, February 26, "A Hidden Cost of the Health-Care Summit", http://www.nationalreview.com/corner/195494/hidden-cost-health-care-summit/jonah-goldberg)

  It seems that I wasn’t alone

  jokes and basis of SNL parodies.

   

  Focus on lobbying the plan trades off with election-focus – it’s zero-sum.

  Andres et al, Dutko Group, Griffin -- Griffin, Johnson, Dover and Stewart, and Thurber, '2k

  American University, Presidential Studies Quarterly, 30:3) [Stolarski]

  Designing a legislative

  in politically tomorrow.

   

  Even if he doesn’t push – he’s tied to the plan – the *omission* of a jobs plan is what plunges ratings.

  Nicholas and Hook 10

  (Peter and Janet, Tribune Washington Bureau, July 30, "Obama the Velcro president", http://articles.latimes.com/2010/jul/30/nation/la-na-velcro-presidency-20100730)jn

  Through two terms, Reagan eluded

  creating enough jobs?

   

  Failure for Obama to get re-elected causes war with Iran, ME instability and oil-induced economic crisis

  Curiel 10

  [Jonathan Curiel, Prof of Journalism @ UCLA, 7-28-2010, “What just might happen if Obama loses in 2012,” http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:AIlWa6eGDQcJ:trueslant.com/jonathancuriel/2010/07/28/what-just-might-happen-if-obama-loses-in-2012/+If+Obama+losses+2012&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us&client=firefox-a]

  Less than four months from now,

   insurgency against the United States.

   

  Romney will start a trade war with China.

  Ewing, '11

  Kent Ewing, 11-30-2011, (Hong Kong-based teacher and writer, “Obama takes early aim at China for 2012,” Asia Times, http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China/MK30Ad01.html)

  On his recent Asia-Pacific tour,

  as many economists expect.

   

  China-US economic relationship vital to human survival.

  Wenzhong, '04

  (Zhou Wenzhong, 2-7-2004, Ambassador of the People’s Republic of China to the United States, frmr Vice Minister, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, “Vigorously Pushing Forward the Constructive and Cooperative Relationship Between China and the United States --In commemoration of the 25th anniversary of China-US diplomatic relations,” Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/wjdt/zyjh/t64286.htm)

  Given the highly complementary

  accomplishments in China-US relations.

   

  Flips Russia – Romney hates Russia/will be ‘ideologically’ biased.

  IBN Live March 31, 2012, Financial Times, “Obama and Romney in policy clash” http://ibnlive.in.com/news/obama-and-romney-in-policy-clash/244292-70.html

  A While Mr Obama's overheard

  position as extreme.

   

  To solve for corruption, Tunisia needs to solve is judicial system which is near impossible-

  Keskes 1/30

  Hanen Keskes, Tunisia Live, “Transitional Justice Process in Post-Revolutionary Tunisia”, Jan. 30, 2012, http://www.tunisia-live.net/2012/01/30/transitional-justice-process-in-post-revolutionary-tunisia/

  Abdelsattar enumerated five aspects

  trials that have been held thus far.

   

  Long timeframe on solving reform or corruption – Keskes 1/30

  Hanen Keskes, Tunisia Live, “Transitional Justice Process in Post-Revolutionary Tunisia”, Jan. 30, 2012, http://www.tunisia-live.net/2012/01/30/transitional-justice-process-in-post-revolutionary-tunisia/

  “We acknowledge

  Dilou stated.

   

  1NR

   

  Massive international investment now is stabilizing the economy – political climate irrelevant

  Allison W. Good 3/20/12

  (“Could Tunisia be a startup nation?,” http://blog.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2012/03/20/will_tunisia_be_a_startup_nation)

  The Kauffman Foundation yesterday

  regional startup nation.  

   

  No escalation – structural factors check conflict

  Muthia Alagappa, Distinguished Senior Fellow, East-West Center PhD, International Affairs, Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University, 2008.  “The Long Shadow,” p. 512

  International political interaction

  security and stability in Asia.

   

  War is unlikely, and lack of alliances mean it wouldn’t escalate

  Berry 1 (Dr. Nicholas, Senior Analyst – CDI, “The Security Environment in Asia”, Defense Monitor – Center for Defense Information, 4, May, http://www.cdi.org/dm/2001/issue4/asiansecurity.html)

  The Asian security environment

  the capacity to be the inhibitor of war.

   

  Asia is unstable now-multiple reasons

  Tay 10, December 29, Simon SC Tay LLM (Harvard) LLB Hons (NUS), author of Asia Alone, is a public intellectual focusing on international and public affairs. He chairs the Singapore Institute of International Affairs, a leading independent think tank in Asia, Asia’s unstable rise will get tougher in 2011, http://www.asiaalone.com/2010/12/author-comment-asias-unstable-rise-will-get-tougher-in-2011/

  Many herald Asia’s rise

  not mean Asia is ready to be alone.

   

  China unstable- water problems

  Cannon 06, June 2006, Kathleen A. Cannon is the China Political-Military Team Chief at the Defense Intelligence Agency at Washington DC, Water as a source of conflict and instability in China, http://www.idsa.in/system/files/strategicanalysis_kcannon_0606.pdf

  In summary, as water problems

  for conflict and instability

   

  Ignoring vital Russian national interests undermines cooperation on unrelated issues

  Pifer, 3/21/12 - Senior Fellow, Foreign Policy, Center on the United States and Europe (Steve, “The Future Course of the U.S.-Russia Relationship,” http://www.brookings.edu/testimony/2012/0321_arms_control_pifer.aspx)
   It remains in the U.S. interest

   an arms embargo on Iran. 

   

  2NR

   

  Foreign policy initiatives will cost Obama his base – no risk of a link turn – foreign policy wins will not resonate with the public – ONLY a risk of a link.

  Friedman ‘11

  (George, September 20, “Obama’s Dilemma: U.S. Foreign Policy and Electoral Realities”, STRATFOR)

  His primary victory,

   domestic policy. That is where the public is focused.

   

  Narrative of the plan gets debated – will get manipulated by conservatives in the election.

  Carothers – VP for studies @ Carnegie, Director of the Democracy and Rule of Law Program – ‘12

  (Thomas, “Democracy Policy Under Obama:  Revitalization or Retreat?”, January, Carnegie, p. http://www.carnegieendowment.org/files/democracy_under_obama.pdf)

  The Obama team’s overall

  democracy promotion in the future.

   

  Minor moves will be objected to as though they were major steps.

  Carothers – VP for studies @ Carnegie, Director of the Democracy and Rule of Law Program – ‘12

  (Thomas, “Democracy Policy Under Obama:  Revitalization or Retreat?”, January, Carnegie, p. http://www.carnegieendowment.org/files/democracy_under_obama.pdf)

  As mentioned, the Obama

  China policy for decades.

   

  Conservatives will backlash against soft-line policies.

  Carothers – VP for studies @ Carnegie, Director of the Democracy and Rule of Law Program – ‘12

  (Thomas, “Democracy Policy Under Obama:  Revitalization or Retreat?”, January, Carnegie, p. http://www.carnegieendowment.org/files/democracy_under_obama.pdf)

  Critics of the new president’s

   counterterrorism; and much else.

  
  
• 
  
  

1NC Round 5 vs UTD DR

• Tournament: NTD | Round: 5 | Opponent: UTD DR | Judge:
  
  

• T – DA

   

  A.  The aff is indirect support of democracy.  Only assistance that goes to the core of political contestation is topical – constitutional framework would be governance, which is distinct.

  CAROTHERS  03  Sr. Associate at Carnegie – general DA expert

  [Thomas Carothers- June 2003, IS GRADUALISM POSSIBLE? Choosing a Strategy for Promoting Democracy in the Middle East, http://www.carnegieendowment.org/files/wp39.pdf]

   INDIRECTLY PROMOTING DEMOCRACY The second identifiable […] they are not to Washington’s liking.

   

   They’re dialogue and diplomacy – extra-T at best, effects T at worst.

  Straus & Waldorf  11 Scott Straus (Associate Professor of Political Science and International Studies at UW-Madison) and Lars Waldorf (senior lecturer in international human rights law at the Centre for Applied Human Rights and York Law School) 2011 Remaking Rwanda: State Building and Human Rights After Mass Violence google books

  Within this array of broad governance […] freely and openly in political life (Carothers 1999, 91).

   

   

   

  Condition on Russian naval bases CP

   

  The United States federal government should enter into a dialog with Russia in which the United States federal government assures Russia it will not obstruct the development, operation, or modernization naval bases in Syria if Russia will agree to provide support for US implementation of democratic assistance to opposition groups based in Syria to establish an inclusive democratic constitutional framework.

   

  CP solves the case and resolves Russia’s primary concern – they’ll say YES as long as strategic interest aren’t sidelined.

  Halevy 2-7-12

  [Efraim Halevy former Israeli national security adviser and ambassador, was director of the Mossad from 1998 to 2002. “Iran’s Achilles’ Heel.” http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/08/opinion/to-weaken-iran-start-with-syria.html?_r=2]

   But Israel should not be […] the way for Mr. Assad’s downfall.

   

  CP solves Russian concerns and leads to support at the UN.

  Cagaptay, 2-14

  [Soner, director of the Turkish Research Program at The Washington Institute, The Case for Organizing a Military Force from Muslim Countries to Intervene in Syria, New Republic, 2-9-2012, http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/templateC06.php?CID=1817]

  There is one more barrier, of course: […] last but not least, one involving no ground troops.

   

  Successful UN action is key to institutional credibility and preventing Syria civil and bolstering the administrations credibility - turning the case.

  Lynch, 2-5

  [Marc, associate professor of political science and international affairs at George Washington University, The UN Fails Syria, Foreign Policy, 2-5-2012, http://lynch.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2012/02/05/the_un_fails_syria]

  The veto will diminish the relevance of […] on the Israeli-Palestinian file, has done well with it.

   

   

   

  Elections DA

   

  A. Obama will win now – but Labelling Obama’s policies as SUPPORTING ISLAM can mobilize the Republican base and cost Obama the election

  Feffer 3/29

  (2012, Creating the Muslim Manchurian Candidate the Right Wing's Election-Year Islamophobia, Http://Www.Opednews.Com/Articles/John-Feffer-Islamophobia-by-Tom-Engelhardt-120329-224.Html, John, John Feffer is the Co-Director Of Foreign Policy in Focus at the Institute […] is a Manchurian candidate sent from the Islamic world.

   

  B. Support for democracies in predominately Muslim countries Emboldens the GOP base – Obama not protecting democracy now.

  Glennon 3/29

  (2012, The Never-Ending Crusade, http://inthesetimes.com/article/12862/the_never_ending_crusade, Patrick) What makes right-wing alarmism difficult to grasp […] less deserving of the same political treatment that Westerners enjoy.

   

  Obama’s pushing to ratify CTBT – his defeat crushes the initiative

  Chris Schneidmiller ,"Senate Decision Key to Future of Test Ban Treaty," Global Security Newswire, 7-18-11, http://www.globalsecuritynewswire.org/gsn/nw_20110714_9351.php

  The Obama administration is preparing for a […] pact would almost certainly remain frozen in place in Washington.

   

  US Ratification Is Key To Prevent Global Prolif and Nuke War.

  Ian Davis, Co-Executive Director of the British American Security Information Council, “Getting the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Back on Track” 05-11-2009.

  This can't happen too soon. North […] and move to secure ratification by other key states.

   

  Cybersecurity politics DA

   

  Info-sharing version of cybersecurity will pass, regulation approach is too controversial

  Gross 3/13

  Grant, PC World, “few tech issues will move in congress for the rest of the year,” http://www.pcworld.com/businesscenter/article/251761/few_tech_issues_will_move_in_congress_for_the_rest_of_the_year.html

  of Homeland Security find their security lacking. DHS would have to approve the cybersecurity plans.

  Democratic leaders in the Senate have […] optimistic than most, but everybody agrees it's urgent."

   

  The President will choose to spin the plan as a national security issue – his OWN National Security Strategy document proves

  Democracy Digest 10 (May 27, “New national security strategy ‘robustly embraces’ goal of advancing democracy” http://www.demdigest.net/blog/2010/05/new-national-security-strategy-robustly-embraces-goal-of-advancing-democracy/)

  Advancing democracy remains an integral […] extensive people-to-people exchanges,” it states.

   

  The focus of the debate determines which cybersecurity bill will pass—it’s focused on the economy now; a security focus results in a regulatory approach.

  Gorman 3/9

  Siobhan, Wall Street Journal, “cybersecurity bills duel over rules for firms” http://m.india.wsj.com/s/4150/388?articleId=SB10001424052970203961204577269832774110556&fullStory=fullStory

  WASHINGTON—A bipartisan Senate bill to bolster […] interests have played a key role in crafting both proposals.

   

  Regulation approach makes security systems predictable and more vulnerable

  Gross 3/7

  Grant, Computerworld, “ISPs: no new cybersecurity regulations needed” http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9224988/ISPs_No_new_cybersecurity_regulations_needed?taxonomyId=70

  IDG News Service - Congress should resist […] should be telling us we should be doing."

   

  Outweighs nuclear war

  McCleskey, 11 (3/29/2011, Clayton M., “More questions than answers on cyber security,” http://dallasmorningviewsblog.dallasnews.com/archives/2011/03/worried-that-yo.html)

  I knew the threat from cyber warfare was […] The general warned, "The game is on."

   

   

  Case – Proxy Wars/Civil Wars

   

  That means the FSA will sideline the SNC because they have the guns

  Blaser, 3/11/12 (Noah, “The intervention waiting game: a window for a new opposition?,” Today’s Zaman, http://www.todayszaman.com/news-273912-syrian-rebellion-to-move-forward-amid-intervention-waiting-game.html)

  Managing the opposition […] that they could reach a deal.”

   

   

  Assad won’t collapse – economic pressure and defections will be minor

  Jillions, 3/19/12 – PhD student in the London School of Economic’s Department of International Relations (Andrew, “Syria: Appeasement in Disguise?” http://justiceinconflict.org/2012/03/19/syria-appeasement-in-disguise/

   

  This best-case scenario is unlikely […] looks remarkably untroubled by events.

   

   

  The regime won’t collapse and defections are minor

  Byman et al, 3/15/12 – Director of Research at the Saban Center for Middle East Policy at Brookings, also written by Michael Doran, Kenneth Pollack, and Salman Shaikh (Daniel, “Saving Syria: Assessing Options for Regime Change”, http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Files/rc/papers/2012/0315_syria_saban/0315_syria_saban.pdf

   

  Militarily, the task of toppling the regime […] likely), this would not lead to Asad’s fall.

   

  Fall of Assad would lead to tribal conflicts due to economics and resources scarcity – all affirmative impacts are inevitable in a post-Assad government.

  Al-Tamimi, 2/6/12 - adjunct fellow at the Middle East Forum and Oskar Svadkovsky, owner of the Happy Arab News Service blog, (Aymenn Jawad, “Demography Is Destiny in Syria”, The American Spectator, February 6, 2012, p. http://www.meforum.org/3170/syria-demography

  To be sure, the peripheral character of […] arrives Syria will be still hanging around.

   

  The regime will go down fighting-they’ll launch CBWs at Israel – TURNS THE FIRST CRED SCENARIO

  Rabinovich 11 – Charles Bronfman Distinguished Nonresident Senior Fellow, Saban Center for Middle East Policy at the Brookings Institution (Itamar, “TURMOIL IN SYRIA AND THE REGIONAL CONSEQUENCES,” online: http://www.carnegieendowment.org/files/Syria_transcript.pdf)

   

  Now, let me go back for a moment to that […] Israel, which takes me to the next point.

   

   

  Case – Israel/Cred

   

  Increasing democracy assistance can’t overcome alt causes and is more likely to reinforce a backlash against the US

  Burnell, December 11 - University of Warwick, UK (Peter, “Lessons of Experience in International Democracy Support Implications for Supporting Democratic Change in North Africa,” December)

   

  Beginning in 2002 President Bush’s administration […] August 2011 to reduce the government’s deficit.

   

  There aren’t any unique benefits for leadership in Syria – it only risks involving the US in a conflict

  Doran 12/13/11 – Roger Hertog Senior Fellow in Foreign Policy at the Saban Center for Middle East Policy (Michael, “United States Policy in Syria: Masterful Inaction?” The Brookings Institution http://www.brookings.edu/opinions/2011/1213_syria_doran.aspx)

   

  If so, then why doesn’t President Obama put […] by simply standing on the sidelines.

   

  No Israel intervention in the squo

  Bushinsky 12/29 (Jerusalem Post , “The less Israel says about Syria, the better…” http://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Columnists/Article.aspx?id=251513

  All of these considerations explain why […] should go for the time being.

   

   

  Case – Solvency

   

  Regional arms transfers fracture the opposition and overwhelm the plan

  Byman et al, 3/15/12 – Director of Research at the Saban Center for Middle East Policy at Brookings, also written by Michael Doran, Kenneth Pollack, and Salman Shaikh (Daniel, “Saving Syria: Assessing Options for Regime Change”, http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Files/rc/papers/2012/0315_syria_saban/0315_syria_saban.pdf)

   

  Even if the opposition unexpectedly gained […] and its allies all speak with one voice.

  
  
• 
  
  

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  
• 
  
•