Obama aggressively pushing repeal of Jackson-Vanik --- political capital is key

Frolov, 3/23 (Vladimir, 3/23/2012, Russia Profile, “Russia Profile Weekly Experts Panel: Will Russia Graduate From the Jackson-Vanik Amendment?” Factiva)

During the post-Soviet period, all

AND

-Vanik would be good for Russian democracy.

No political support for the plan now --- Congress will even fight to prevent budget reallocations

Richter, 11 (4/12/2011, Paul LA Times, “Debt worries stymieing U.S. financial aid to help Arab nations in transition; U.S. lawmakers not only have shut the door on new spending to stabilize countries rocked by the so-called Arab Spring. They have resisted proposals to shift money from other foreign aid programs,” http://articles.latimes.com/2011/apr/12/world/la-fg-mideast-aid-20110413)

The Obama administration's efforts to use foreign aid

AND

resistance from appropriators in Congress, aides say.

Repeal is key to regenerate overall relations

Gvosdev, 2/10 --- on the faculty of the U.S. Naval War College (Nikolas, “The Realist Prism: Resetting the U.S.-Russia Reset,” 2/10/2012, http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/11441/the-realist-prism-resetting-the-u-s-russia-reset)

After a period of healthier ties following the

AND

blow to the whole idea of the reset.

Relations solve several scenarios for extinction

Allison & Blackwill, 11 --- * director of the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard’s Kennedy School, AND **senior fellow for U.S. foreign policy at the Council on Foreign Relations and served as U.S. ambassador to India and as deputy national security adviser for strategic planning in the Bush administration (10/30/2011, Graham Allison and Robert D. Blackwill, “10 reasons why Russia still matters,” http://www.politico.com/news/stories/1011/67178.html)

House Speaker John Boehner recently delivered a fiery

AND

or failure, in advancing our national interests.

Text: The United States Federal Government should unify the chain of command for United States Libyan assistance efforts under the authority of Ambassador William Taylor.  The United States Federal Government should support judicial reform measures in Libya in accordance with EU assistance to Libya.

Acting in Libya first is necessary to develop institutional knowledge and sets a precedent that will be successfully applied in other Arab Spring countries

Pack and Barfi, President of Libya-Analysis.com and Research Fellow with the New America Foundation, 12

(February, In War’s Wake The Struggle for Post-Qadhafi Libya, Available Online)

The disparate American organizations operating in Libya should

AND

can be applied to other Middle Eastern transitions.

Our institutional knowledge of the political dynamics of the Arab Spring countries is inadequate – learning more is a prerequisite to effective assistance

Gause, Professor – Political Science – Vermont, 11

(July/August, Why Middle East Studies Missed the Arab Spring, Foreign Affairs)

THE VAST majority of academic specialists on the

AND

. That is best left to Arabs themselves.

Turns the case – acting without first developing institutional knowledge is destructive to recipient institutions and increases risk of conflict

Williamson, Post-doctoral fellow at the Development Research Institute – NYU, 09

(Exploring the failure of foreign aid: The role of incentives and information, Available online)

Filling this knowledge gap can sometimes be quite

AND

that prevent foreign aid from being used effectively.

1NC1NC K

The 1AC divides the world into two categories: the democracy expert providing assistance and the recipient in need of knowledge, cementing dangerous hierarchies

Hobson 2009 (Christopher, Department of International Politics Aberystwyth University, Alternatives 34, “The Limits of Liberal-Democracy Promotion,” p. 395-397)

The continuance of a liberal worldview informing and

AND

than those still seeking to make this transition.

These artificial hierarchies generate multiple threats to existence

Samiei, 2010 (Mohammad, Faculty of World Studies, University of Tehran, “Neo-Orientalism? The relationship between the West and Islam in our globalised world, p. 1155-1156)

In Bhikhu Parekh’s words human identity for analytical

AND

other problems and other ways of life.50

The alternative – reject the aff’s model of assistance in favor of the presupposition of equality

Presupposing equality allows us to act as ignorant donors towards Tunisia over judicial reform, reconceptualizing aid practice as verifying the equality of intelligence instead of transferring knowledge

Brehm and Silova, 2010 (William C. and Iveta, College of Education, Lehigh University, “The Ignorant Donor: A Radical Reimagination of International Aid, Development, and Education,” Current Issues in Comparative Education, 13(1), -35)

At the end of the 18th century

AND

diverse outcomes inevitable in the process.

The way the 1AC divides up the world comes first – politics is inherently aesthetic

Dixon, 2009 (May 29, Deborah P, Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, “Creating the semi-living: on politics, aesthetics and the more-than-human,” Transactions, p. 412)

Yet, this sensitivity to the varied political

AND

of time. (Ranciere 2007, 13)

2NC

This process is what makes communication possible – all knowledge must be reconstructed by the student and only our alt maximizes this learning

Cornelissen, 2008 (Goele, Doctoral Project under Prof. Dr. J. Masschelein, “Equality: an issue of mastership?” p. 25)

Rancière uses the notion of attention, when

AND

, 1991,p. 63-64)

This method is empirically proven for even the most intellectually challenging subjects – and it allows us to learn more from the student

Stamp, 2011 (Richard, Senior Lecturer in Cultural Studies at Bath Spa University, “Of slumdogs and schoolmasters: Jacotot, Rancière and Mitra on self-organised learning”)

But perhaps the more concrete way of answering

AND

(intelligence) and her mastery (will).

Knowledge production in debate is aesthetic – speeches are arrangements of evidence constructed to exclude dissenting claims and include supporting claims – proves that prioritizing aesthetics over the hypothetical consequences of the plan is critical to evaluating truth claims

Pelletier, 2009 (Caroline, Institute of Education, University of London, “Ranciere's critique of Bourdieu,” p. 141-142)

This depiction of the social world in Bourdieu’s

AND

knowing’ realities, and producing absence as Otherness.

We turn their offense - prioritizing aesthetic disagreement is key to effective policymaking and decision making – specifically for democratic governance

Little, 2007 (Senior Lecturer in Political Theory at the University of Melbourne, “Between Disagreement and Consensus: Unravelling the Democratic Paradox,” Australian Journal of Political Science, Vol. 42, No. 1, p. 154-158)

Ranciere’s theory of disagreement is predicated

AND

the only thing possible to do’ (Ranciere 1999, 132).

Doesn’t take out the link or solve the alt

Pelletier, 2009 (Caroline, Institute of Education, University of London, “Ranciere's critique of Bourdieu,” p. 142-143)

It is worth emphasising that this supposition does

AND

confrontation between the teacher’s and the student’s will.

His pragmatism is a call to priotize aesthetic practice

Owen 2 (David Owen, Reader on Political Theory at the University of Southampton, "Re-orienting International Relations: On Pragmatism, Pluralism and Practical Reasoning," Millennium - Journal of International Studies 2002 31: 653, SAGE)

How, though, does this focus on

AND

such that previously invisible consequences become visible.33

The perm is how hegemony maintains control – only refusal to associate the alt with expertise or teleological projects can solve

Guilhot, 2005 (Nicolas, Research fellow – Social Science Research Council, prof sociology – LSE, The Democracy Makers, p. 8-11)

I will highlight some social

AND

up as the political economists of the World Bank in the 1990s.

Reject both the form and the content of the perm – the point of the alt is to separate knowledge from equality

Ranciere, 2010 (“On Ignorant Schoolmasters,” in “Jacques Ranciere, Education, Truth, Emancipation,” edited by Charles Bingham and Gert Biesta, p. 14-16)

This is certainly what Jacotot had in mind

AND

sight of the paradoxes that give it meaning.

Their ev doesn’t say need harmony – but overcome technocratic policies – alt does that better

Hamilton and Burwell 10 [Daniel S, Executive Director of the Center for Transatlantic Relations; Executive Director of the American Consortium on EU Studies; Austrian Marshall Plan Foundation Research Professor at the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies at Johns Hopkins, and Frances, Vice President, Director of the Program on Transatlantic Relations at the Atlantic Council, former executive director of the Center for International and Security Studies at the University of Maryland, "The Setting: The United States and Europe in a G20 World," Chapter 1, http://transatlantic.sais-jhu.edu/bin/k/u/shoulder-to-shoulder-book-finaltext.pdf]

Such a partnership is possible, but it

AND

designed so we can’t have a strategic dialogue.”

Taming uncertainty drives volatility underground, creating greater instability in the future – a systemic approach is key

Taleb 11 (Nassim Taleb, Distinguished Professor of Risk Engineering, New York University's Polytechnic Institute, and Mark Blyth, Professor of International Political Economy, Brown University, Foreign Affairs; May/Jun2011, Vol. 90 Issue 3, p. 33-39)

Why is surprise the permanent condition of the

AND

without noise--and no stability without volatility.

Rigorous studies prove the narrative fallacy and over-confidence make experts net worse at prediction

Taleb, 2010 (Nassim Taleb, Distinguished Professor of Risk Engineering, New York University's Polytechnic Institute, “The Black Swan: The Impact of the Highly Improbable,” second edition, p. 168-171)

Tetlock studied the business of political and economic

AND

just don’t know what that event will be.

These weak publics are key to confront collective threats

Kurasawa ‘4, (Fuyuki, Assistant Prof. of Sociology @ York University, Cautionary Tales, Constellations Vol. 11, No. 4, Blackwell Synergy)

In the first instance, preventive foresight is

AND

up’ and become institutionalized via strong publics.7 

Abandoning hierarchy is critical – otherwise elites promote alarmist Trojan horses which cause public disengagement

Kurasawa, 04 (Professor of Sociology, York University of Toronto, Fuyuki, Constellations Volume 11, No 4, 2004)

Foremost among the possible distortions of farsightedness is

AND

the precaution- ary principle and global justice.

It’s not an inequality of intelligence – just a greater willingness to be attentive and recognize ignorance

Peters, 2010 (Gary, Professor of Critical and Cultural Theory, York St. John University, “Ignorant Teachers, Ignorant Students: Jacotot and Rancière in the Art School”)

Now, while the vast majority of students

AND

that art education might be brought into play.

1NC T

“Its” denotes possession

Glossary of English 05 

(http://www.usingenglish.com/glossary/possessive-pronoun.html)

Mine, yours, his, hers,

AND

disk and shows that it belongs to me.)

Possession means control over

Oxford Dictionaries ‘11, http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/possession

Possession Pronunciation:/pəˈzɛʃ(ə)n/

AND

full possession of his sanity

A.    Violation – US doesn’t have control over multilateral assistance

Helen V. Milner and Dustin Tingley - Prof of Politics / International Affairs at Princeton, AsstProf of International Relation at Harvard – January 2011, The Choice for Multilateralism: Foreign Aid and American Foreign Policy, http://polisci2.ucsd.edu/pelg/Milner%20Tingley%2017%2001%202011.pdf

PA theory makes clear the connection between the benefits from burden sharing and the

costs of such delegation, which involves a

AND

” plays in the politics of multilateral aid.

1NR

More ev – The U.S. doesn’t control multilateral assistance

OECD 11 – The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2011, “2011 DAC Report on Multilateral Aid,” online: http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/5/61/49014277.pdf

4. There is some evidence that providing

AND

are getting in exchange  for less direct control.

2) Pooling –The US has no control over donations after they are made to multilateral institutions – US money is pooled with others

Kates and Lief – VP HIV Policy @ Kaiser Foundation and Sr. Associate, CSIS – 2006 (last cite), INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE FOR HIV/AIDS IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD: TAKING STOCK OF THE G8, OTHER DONOR GOVERNMENTS, AND THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION, (Jennifer Kates, Vice President and Director, HIV Policy, Kaiser Family Foundation and Eric lief, Senior Associate, Center for Strategic and International Studies; Consultant to UNAIDS), http://data.unaids.org/pub/Report/2006/20060731-kff-international-assistance_en.pdf

b. Bilateral and Multilateral

AND

the multilateral organization acts as an implementing agent.

“Its” is exclusive – It means solely the U.S.’s assistance and excludes assistance provided by any other organization

Douglas F. Brent 10, attorney, June 2, 2010, “Reply Brief on Threshold Issues of Cricket Communications, Inc.,” online: http://psc.ky.gov/PSCSCF/2010%20cases/2010-00131/20100602_Crickets_Reply_Brief_on_Threshold_Issues.PDF

AT&T also argues that Merger Commitment

AND

(or whether such agreement has been extended).

3) Direct support - “for” means only direct assistance is topical

WORDS AND PHRASES 04

(Words and Phrases Permanent Edition, “For,” Volume 17, p. 338-343)

 W.D.Tenn. 1942. The Fair

AND

purpose which implies an indirect relation.

Each of the 100s of multilateral organizations can have several democracy assistance programs – here’s a sample:

McFaul et al – deputy dir Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, poli sci prof @ Stanford, Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution – 2006 (last cite), EVALUATING INTERNATIONAL INFLUENCES ON DEMOCRATIC  DEVELOPMENT: WORKING PAPER, (Michael McFaul, Amichai Magen & Kathryn Stoner-Weiss), Center on Democracy, Development, and the Rule of Law, http://iis-db.stanford.edu/res/2278/Evaluating_International_Influences_-_Transitions_-_Concept_Paper.pdf

Second, we will examine the role of

AND

with the African and Pacific group of countries.

1)     Topic education – Analyzing the unique American contribution to democracy assistance requires specific focus on U.S. assistance mechanisms

Michael McFaul et al 6, Deputy Director of the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Professor of Political Science at Stanford University, et al., 2006 (most recent cite), “Evaluating International Influences on Democratic Transitions: Concept Paper,” online: http://iis-db.stanford.edu/res/2278/Evaluating_International_Influences_-_Transitions_-_Concept_Paper.pdf

A second shortcoming stems from the fact that

AND

interaction of the external environment with domestic processes.

Intermediaries do meet our interpretation - “Its” democracy assistance can operate through contracts – the US retains ultimate control over the assistance

Lee Marsden – Postdoctoral Fellow in the Department of Political, Social and International Studies, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK. - 2005, Lesson From Russia: Clinton and US Democracy Promotion, googlebooks

US democracy assistance operates in the interest of

AND

their tasks providing they could report positive results.

International partners only enter into US democracy assistance after the US has independently designed a DA program – the Aff has the US sign on to the EU/UN’s democracy assistance

HUBER 8 [Daniela, Hebrew University of Jerusalem Department of International Relations, “Democracy Assistance in the Middle East and North Africa: A Comparison of US and EU Policies,” Mediterranean Politics, Vol. 13, No. 1, 43–62, March, p. 45-6, Informaworld]

Method looks at the way DA is implemented

AND

or receiving country, or an international partner.

The affirmative is multilateral assistance – that’s distinct from bilateral US-to-recipient DA

Jeremy M. Sharp - Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs @ CRS – 6/15/10, U.S. Foreign Assistance to the Middle East: Historical Background, Recent Trends, and the FY2011 Request, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RL32260.pdf

Bilateral assistance

AND

with development purposes.

They’ll say our ev says “economic assistance” – but democracy assistance is part of that budget

Jeremy M. Sharp - Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs @ CRS – 6/15/10, U.S. Foreign Assistance to the Middle East: Historical Background, Recent Trends, and the FY2011 Request, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RL32260.pdf

Economic Assistance

AND

cities of Amman, Aqaba, and Irbid.

1NC EU Adv

The US is already trying to make the partnership strategic now but that can only happen if the EU gets its act together – this is the conclusion of their author

Hamilton & Burwell, 1AC Authors, 10 [Daniel S, Executive Director of the Center for Transatlantic Relations; Executive Director of the American Consortium on EU Studies; Austrian Marshall Plan Foundation Research Professor at the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies at Johns Hopkins, and Frances, Vice President, Director of the Program on Transatlantic Relations at the Atlantic Council, former executive director of the Center for International and Security Studies at the University of Maryland, "The Setting: The United States and Europe in a G20 World," Chapter 1, http://transatlantic.sais-jhu.edu/bin/k/u/shoulder-to-shoulder-book-finaltext.pdf]

President obama and his foreign, economic and

AND

level a specific objective of EU environmental policy.

Lack of EU unity prevents a strategic partnership

Hamilton & Burwell, 1AC Authors, 10 [Daniel S, Executive Director of the Center for Transatlantic Relations; Executive Director of the American Consortium on EU Studies; Austrian Marshall Plan Foundation Research Professor at the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies at Johns Hopkins, and Frances, Vice President, Director of the Program on Transatlantic Relations at the Atlantic Council, former executive director of the Center for International and Security Studies at the University of Maryland, "The Setting: The United States and Europe in a G20 World," Chapter 1, http://transatlantic.sais-jhu.edu/bin/k/u/shoulder-to-shoulder-book-finaltext.pdf]

To forge a new and more relevant partnership

AND

, and in ways that support and complement th

Obama committed to developing cooperation with Europe

Gordon, 1/11 --- Assistant Secretary, Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs (1/11/2012, Philip H., “The State of Transatlantic Relations,” http://www.state.gov/p/eur/rls/rm/2012/180432.htm)

President’s AgendaLWhen then-candidate Obama

AND

emphasis on the importance of the trans-Atlantic alliance.

Joint action now to strengthen democracy in other regions solves their internal link

Gordon, 1/11 --- Assistant Secretary, Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs (1/11/2012, Philip H., “The State of Transatlantic Relations,” http://www.state.gov/p/eur/rls/rm/2012/180432.htm)

We have also coordinated our

AND

settlement to the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.

Close cooperation on a number of issues --- including on the Balkans

Gordon, 1/11 --- Assistant Secretary, Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs (1/11/2012, Philip H., “The State of Transatlantic Relations,” http://www.state.gov/p/eur/rls/rm/2012/180432.htm)

Accomplishments: I’ll briefly review some of

AND

Chancellor Merkel and Foreign Minister Westerwelle.

Balkan conflict won’t escalate

Mearsheimer, 10 --- Poli Sci Prof at University of Chicago (John J., European Political Science: 9 2010, EPCR Keynote Lecture, “why is europe peaceful today?” http://www.palgrave-journals.com/eps/journal/v9/n3/pdf/eps201024a.pdf)

Much has happened since then

AND
 very different from the past two decades.

Quantitative bias – Pressure to produce measurable results is distorts project design and undermines effectiveness

Thomas Carothers and Diane de Gramont – VP, Carnegie – NOVEMBER 2011, Aiding Governance in Developing Countries: Progress Amid Uncertainties, Carnegie, http://carnegieendowment.org/files/aiding_governance.pdf

The uncertain empirical link between donor-preferred

AND

that are outside the purview of aid agencies.

1NC Islam Adv

Tunisia’s constitution rejects Sharia Law

Bouazza, 3-26

[Bouazza Ben Bouazza, Reporter for The Associated Press, “Islam won't be basis of new Tunisian constitution,” March 26th 2012, http://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2012/03/26/islam-wont-be-basis-of-new-tunisian-constitution]

Islamic law will not be

AND
 they do not have widespread appeal.

Ennahda won’t push sharia – don’t want to and can’t

Dem Digest, 3-27

[Democracy Digest, “Tunisia’s Islamists say constitution will not be based on Sharia,” March 27th 2012, http://www.demdigest.net/blog/2012/03/tunisias-constitution-will-not-be-based-on-sharia/]

The announcement settles an acrimonious debate between Islamist

AND

Ferjani, a member of Ennahda’s political bureau.

Ennahda is explicitly backing off supporting the salifists

Fahim, 3-26

[Kareem Fahim, Reporter for the New York Times, “Tunisia Says Constitution Will Not Cite Islamic Law,” March 26th 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/27/world/africa/tunisia-says-constitution-will-not-cite-islamic-law.html]

In rejecting a mention

AND

going through similar transformations.”

Doomsday forecasts are wrong – Tunisia is politically stable and a stable democratic culture is forming

Scheschkewitz, 3-14 – Reporter for Deutsche Welle [3/14/12, “Tunisia has so far provided a positive example”, Daniel Scheschkewitz, http://www.dw.de/dw/article/0,,15809357,00.html]

Tunisia's Prime Minister Hamadi Jebali visited Berlin on

AND

western lifestyle coexists alongside a traditional Islamic lifestyle.

Statistical analysis proves the emergence of stable democracy is highly likely in Tunisia – religious leaders lack the necessary support

Chaney, ’12 – Department of Economics, Harvard University [Eric Chaney, Department of Economics, Harvard University. This paper was prepared for the Brookings, Panel on Economic Activity, March 22-23, 2012. I “Democratic Change in the Arab World, Past and Present”, http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Files/Programs/ES/BPEA/2012_spring_bpea_papers/2012_spring_BPEA_chaney.pdf]

At some level it is obvious that the

AND

areas where religious leaders face fewer political rivals.

1NC

1NC 1

Obama aggressively pushing repeal of Jackson-Vanik --- political capital is key

Frolov, 3/23 (Vladimir, 3/23/2012, Russia Profile, “Russia Profile Weekly Experts Panel: Will Russia Graduate From the Jackson-Vanik Amendment?” Factiva)

During the post-Soviet period, all

AND

-Vanik would be good for Russian democracy.

No political support for the plan now --- Congress will even fight to prevent budget reallocations

Richter, 11 (4/12/2011, Paul LA Times, “Debt worries stymieing U.S. financial aid to help Arab nations in transition; U.S. lawmakers not only have shut the door on new spending to stabilize countries rocked by the so-called Arab Spring. They have resisted proposals to shift money from other foreign aid programs,” http://articles.latimes.com/2011/apr/12/world/la-fg-mideast-aid-20110413)

The Obama administration's efforts to use foreign aid

AND

resistance from appropriators in Congress, aides say.

Repeal is key to regenerate overall relations

Gvosdev, 2/10 --- on the faculty of the U.S. Naval War College (Nikolas, “The Realist Prism: Resetting the U.S.-Russia Reset,” 2/10/2012, http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/11441/the-realist-prism-resetting-the-u-s-russia-reset)

After a period of healthier ties following the

AND

blow to the whole idea of the reset.

Relations solve several scenarios for extinction

Allison & Blackwill, 11 --- * director of the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard’s Kennedy School, AND **senior fellow for U.S. foreign policy at the Council on Foreign Relations and served as U.S. ambassador to India and as deputy national security adviser for strategic planning in the Bush administration (10/30/2011, Graham Allison and Robert D. Blackwill, “10 reasons why Russia still matters,” http://www.politico.com/news/stories/1011/67178.html)

House Speaker John Boehner recently delivered a fiery

AND

or failure, in advancing our national interests.

1NC 2

Democracy assistance is tied to a particular understanding of a liberal democratic regime and a procedural agenda to bring it about- this conception of the political environment in emerging democracies legitimizes coercive interventions

Hobson 2009 (Christopher-, Department of International Politics Aberystwyth University, Alternatives, “The Limits of Liberal-Democracy Promotion”, #34)

Key actors seeking to support democracy abroad,

AND

for agency are prevented by unfavorable local conditions.

The coercive expansion of liberal democracy is out of tune with globalization – approaching democracy within this frame puts human existence in jeopardy

Connolly ‘02 (William E.-, Identity/Difference: Democratic Negotiations of Political Paradox, P. 23-25)

What are these anxieties about the future?

AND

human life from the face of the earth.

The aff forecloses this opportunity by placing the U.S. in the role of the teacher, using the language of “assistance”, and focusing on “liberal” transformation.

Kurki ‘10

(Milja, Aberystwyth University, International Studies Review, “Democracy and Conceptual Contestability: Reconsidering Conceptions of Democracy in Democracy Promotion,” p. 380-381)

However, another far more serious line of attack that can be raised against the moves suggested here is that opening up debate on

politicized agenda might make democracy promotion, or democracy dialogue, more effective in responding to problems on the ground and in being able to deal with the con- testation that currently exists.

1NC 3

Text: The United States federal government should provide non-democracy assistance rule of law assistance to the National Transitional Council in Libya.

This is grounded in the literature – there are plenty of mechanisms that do rule of law work outside the “democracy assistance” template

Rakner  et al - Michelsen Institute- August 2007

Lise Rakner  (Chr. Michelsen Institute), Alina Rocha Menocal (Overseas Development Institute) and Verena Fritz (ODI), ASSESSING INTERNATIONAL DEMOCRACY ASSISTANCE AND LESSONS

Over the past several years,

between democracy and voice and accountability remain informal and indirect. For a short overview of the V&A work undertaken by several leading donors in this area, please see Annex 1.

A separate framework is key – Doing rule of law work as democracy assistance takes on a explicitly ideological framework that politicizes governance issues

Thomas Carothers and Diane de Gramont – VP, Carnegie – NOVEMBER 2011, Aiding Governance in Developing Countries: Progress Amid Uncertainties, Carnegie, http://carnegieendowment.org/files/aiding_governance.pdf

The Democracy Divide One further area of uncertainty

AND

an explicit goal of programs in some countries.

The politicization of aid makes assistance look anti-Islamic – pushes a liberal democratic model

Bassma Kodmani - Executive Director, Arab Reform Initiative – 2010, Democratization by whom?: Resistance to democracy promotion in the Middle East, In “New Challenges to Democratization” (book)

When democratic transformation becomes an explicit goal Western

AND

political systems, requires constant re-legitimizing.

This is especially true in Libya – the aff exacerbates suspicions that the US is anti-Islam – turns cred and destroys CT operations

Jason Pack and Barak Barfi - president of Libya-Analysis.com / research fellow with the New America Foundation - February 2012, In War’s Wake: The Struggle for Post-Qadhafi Libya, http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/pubPDFs/PolicyFocus118.pdf

Work with moderate Islamists and mainstream militias.

AND

the loss of U.S. prestige.

Greatest risk of terrorism

George Regan – Chair, Nuclear Free Local Authorities – 8/25/11, Picking up the pieces in Libya, http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/aug/25/picking-up-pieces-in-libya

But we also hear real worries from former

AND

for Peace were set up to campaign against.

The US will retaliate – triggers full scale nuclear conflict

Speice, ’06

[Patrick F. Speice, Jr., JD Candidate at The College of William and Mary, “NEGLIGENCE AND NUCLEAR NONPROLIFERATION: ELIMINATING THE CURRENT LIABILITY BARRIER TO BILATERAL U.S.-RUSSIAN NONPROLIFERATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS,” William & Mary Law Review, February 2006, 47 Wm and Mary L. Rev. 1427]

Accordingly, there is a significant and ever-present risk that terrorists could acquire a nuclear device or fissile material from Russia as a result of the confluence of Russian economic decline and the end of stringent Soviet-era nuclear security measures. 39 Terrorist groups could acquire a nuclear

increasing the number of casualties and potentially triggering a full-scale nuclear conflict. 50

1NC Multilat

The Status quo approach in Libya has already locked in successful multilateralism

Brady 11

(August, Author of Modern America: The End of Political Discourse, Libya shows multilateralism is new U.S. strategy, Policymic)

The involvement of the United States in the

AND

to be tested, refined and fully institutionalized.

Soft power fails – persuasion is difficult and the US isn’t trusted

Matthew Kroenig; Steven Weber; and Melissa McAdam – Profs, Govt @ GWU and Poli Sci @ UCB – Dec 10, Taking Soft Power Seriously, Comparative Strategy, 29: 5, 412 — 431, http://www.matthewkroenig.com/Kroenig_Taking%20Soft%20Power%20Seriously.pdf

(Asst prof, Department of Government, Georgetown University; Department of Political Science, University of California, Berkeley; Information School, University of California, Berkeley

Foreign policy actors have many reasons to experiment

soft power.

Nye is not predictive – its about things Obama is doing now

No impact to loss of credibility

Fettweis, ’10

[Christopher J. Fettweis, Assistant Professor of Political Science at Tulane University, “Threat and Anxiety in US Foreign Policy,” Survival, 52:2, 59-82, March 25th 2010, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00396331003764603]

The credibility imperative is a clear example,

AND

how small the issue or large the odds.

1NC Stability

NTC consolidation is on track – internal control increasing despite some discontentment

The Guardian 3/9

(Libya has made great progress – the acts of a few don't change that, www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2012/mar/09/libya-great-progress)

Without a doubt there is a feeling of discontentment in

Capacity problems will disappear in the next few months

Pack and Barfi, President of Libya-Analysis.com and Research Fellow with the New America Foundation, 12

(February, In War’s Wake The Struggle for Post-Qadhafi Libya, Available Online)

One optimistic Washington-based U.S

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changing or have no easily discernible organizational structure.”

Dobbins and Wehrey, 2011

The United States can assist these efforts by

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. But the effort must be broad-based

Any outside economic and technical aid to the

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society, and a culture of representative politics.

Price shocks won’t harm the economy – newest macroeconomic models prove

Killian, Professer – Econ – Michigan, 09

(http://www.atypon-link

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.3.1053?cookieSet=1)

A recurring question in theoretical, empirical,

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. Erceg, and Luca Guerrieri (2007).

Strong demand ensures high oil prices won’t have a negative economic effect

Killian, Professer – Econ – Michigan, 09

(http://www.atypon-link

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.3.1053?cookieSet=1)

These findings also help us assess the macroeconomic

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unanticipated increases in the precautionary demand for oil. 

2NC

A2: Perm do CP (“Democratic Gov”)

(likely skip) Here’s more ev

Susan Cirillo – Asia Pacific School of Economics and Government @ the Australian National University – 2006, graduate in Politics and International Relations from the University of New South Wales, Australia’s governance aid: Evaluating evolving norms and objectives, https://digitalcollections.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/43010/2/PDP06-01.pdf

The varying governance emphasis from different donors During

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the permanence and superiority of western institutions.33

a.     Implementers – Democracy assistance providers are uniquely bad at causing brain drain because they pay their employees way more than local rates – it means everyone chooses the aff in the world of the perm and independently turns governance

Tim Meisburger – Regional Director, Elections and Political Processes, The Asia Foundation – 1/17/12, Email exchange with Tim Meisburger, http://berkeleydebate.blogspot.com/

Its sounds like an interesting debate subject,

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inevitable mistakes) that leads to real learning.

Brain drain is a problem, as foreign

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the political sector the most capable and competent.

-----Original Message-----

From: Sarah Weiner

To: tmeisburger@asiafound.org

Date: Mon, 16 Jan 2012 18:36:44 -0800

Subject: Democracy Digest Post

Hello,

My name is Sarah Weiner, and I'm

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advice you could offer would be greatly appreciated.

b.     Content – Democracy assistance is overtly focused on democratization  - causes the backlash NB

Peter Burnell – Professor of Politics in the Department of Politics and International Studies, University of Warwick, United Kingdom – 2000, Democracy Assistance: The State of Discourse, In: Democracy Assistance: International Cooperation for Democratization, p. 13

In reality contributors to these debates and the

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cent of development assistance in 1998.'"

Even the manuals are different

Peter Burnell – Professor of Politics in the Department of Politics and International Studies, University of Warwick, United Kingdom – 2000, Democracy Assistance: The State of Discourse, In: Democracy Assistance: International Cooperation for Democratization, p. 13

In principle democracy assistance can be distinguished from

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as 'assistance' in the Development Assistance Committee's terms.

ROL – A2: We’re Rule of Law, Not Governance

The aff has conveniently pointed out the problem – treating “rule of law” as a politically-infused area instead of a basic governance issue causes the net benefit

Susan Cirillo – Asia Pacific School of Economics and Government @ the Australian National University – 2006, graduate in Politics and International Relations from the University of New South Wales, Australia’s governance aid: Evaluating evolving norms and objectives, https://digitalcollections.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/43010/2/PDP06-01.pdf

The varying governance emphasis from different donors

During the post-Cold War period,

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the permanence and superiority of western institutions.33

More ev - “Good governance” includes rule of law – it can be implemented apart from democracy assistance

Dr. Todd Landman -  Deputy Director, Human Rights Centre, University of Essex - 24 July 2003, Map-Making and Analysis of the Main International Initiatives on Developing Indicators on Democracy and Good Governance, http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/0/28/20755719.pdf

Both democracy and good governance remain ‘essentially

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cross-national and time-series indicators.

Our solvency ev is as good as theirs – none of their 1ac ev supports the 2ac distinctions – even if talking about “democracy” might be good in a narrow instance

1)       Backlash outweighs and

2)      The CP is still sufficient to solve

Area – Rule of Law

V&A addresses rule of law

Jan-Erik Lane – Poli Sci Prof, University of Geneva – 2010, GOOD GOVERNANCE: THE TWO MEANINGS OF “RULE OF LAW”, International Journal of Politics and Good Governance Volume 1, No. 1.1, http://onlineresearchjournals.com/ijopagg/art/40.pdf

Rule of law principles offer mechanisms that restrain

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law II – constitutionalism as voice and accountability.

A2: Perm do Both

1)     Overload – too many governance programs overload the capacity of recipients

Rakner  et al - Michelsen Institute- August 2007

Lise Rakner  (Chr. Michelsen Institute), Alina Rocha Menocal (Overseas Development Institute) and Verena Fritz (ODI), ASSESSING INTERNATIONAL DEMOCRACY ASSISTANCE AND LESSONS LEARNED: HOW CAN DONORS BETTER SUPPORT DEMOCRATIC PROCESSES?, http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/docs/1985.pdf

Significantly, the relationship between democratisation and improving

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also in their good governance programmes more generally.

2)    Confusion – competing frames destroy communication between donors and recipients

Laura A. Henry - Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Political Science at UC Berkeley - Spring 2001, THE GREENING OF GRASSROOTS DEMOCRACY? THE RUSSIAN ENVIRONMENTAL MOVEMENT, FOREIGN AID, AND DEMOCRATIZATION, http://iseees.berkeley.edu/bps/publications/2001_03-henr.pdf

Another way in which donors set incentives for

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to be taken seriously by the Russian government.

Politicization

Morgan Strong – UPI – 4/21/11, News Summary from the US/International Press on the Libyan Crisis, http://tripolipost.com/articledetail.asp?c=1&i=5882

Intervening in a conflict that has both military

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said but "both sides need each other."

Backlash – 2NC Link

Islamists don’t reject democratic processes like good governance, but the Western framing of “democracy” causes suspicion and backlash

Mazen Hashem – Ph.D., University of California, Riverside - spring 2007, Arab Insight: Bringing Middle Eastern Perspectives to Washington, http://www.worldsecurityinstitute.org/temp/ArabInsightVol1No1.pdf

“Democracy,” popular but vague Thirdly,

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the content of ideas and not on labels.

Backlash – A2: Defense

Attack coming by 2013 – Al Qaeda has the means and motive

Rahim Kanani – founder and editor-in-chief of World Affairs Commentary – 6/29/11, New al-Qaeda Chief Zawahiri Has Strong Nuclear Intent, http://www.forbes.com/sites/rahimkanani/2011/06/29/new-al-qaeda-chief-zawahiri-has-strong-nuclear-intent/

Rigid, arrogant, unpopular and lacking the

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Qaeda’s deputy chief and operational commander for years.

We should be especially worried about the threat

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accomplishing when they put their minds to it.”

Backlash – Bioterror 2NC

Libya poses a unique bioterror threat – Libyan cooperation key

Carlo Munoz – 9/16/11, U.S. Should Help Secure Libyan WMD, House Intel Chief Says, http://defense.aol.com/2011/09/16/u-s-should-help-secure-libyan-wmd-house-intel-chief-says/

Washington: The United States must help secure

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national security "won't make them go away."

Extinction

Ochs, has published articles in the Baltimore Sun, Baltimore Chronicle, Science magazine and the website: www.freefromterror.net, past president of the Aberdeen Proving Ground Superfund Citizens Coalition, member of the Depleted Uranium Task force of the Military Toxics Project and a member of the Chemical Weapons Working Group, 6-9-2K2 (Richard, “BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS MUST BE ABOLISHED IMMEDIATELY,” http://www.freefromterror.net/other_articles/abolish.html)

Of all the weapons of mass destruction,

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then patriotism is the highest of all crimes. 

1NR

A2: Heg

Only dialogue solves leadership – key to effective reform and credibility with arab publics

Sadiki, 2009 (Larbi, Senior Lecturer in Middle East Politics at the University of Exeter,  “Rethinking Arab Democratization: Elections Without Democracy,” p. 169-171)

The binary knowledge-making typical of Orientalism

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vital resource and medium for ‘local’ solutions.

Framework

A. Policy making – to evaluate the plan we must explicitly question liberalism – it’s a closed epistemic community immune to empirical contestation – produces serial policy failure

Jahn, 2007 (Beate, PhD, Political Science, Sociology and German Literature at the University of Frankfurt, “The Tragedy of Liberal Diplomacy: Democratization, Intervention, Statebuilding (Part II),” Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding, p. 224-227)

What this case demonstrates is that analysis in

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-analysis and actual revision of liberalism itself.

B. Middle East Scholarship – the Arab Spring created a political science catastrophe – the aff does not ignore theoretical disputes but jumps to action using out of date paradigms – re-thinking our entire approach is necessary

Gause 11 (F. Gregory Gause III is Professor of Political Science at the University of Vermont, July/August 2011, “Why Middle East Studies Missed the Arab Spring”, EBSCO)

THE VAST majority of academic specialists on the

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. That is best left to Arabs themselves.