2AC T – Increase
1- CI- the plan must make the transferring of expertise greater
in·crease v. in-krees; n. in-krees] Show IPA verb, -creased, -creas·ing, noun
9. produce of the earth.
That’s Dictionary.com ‘12
(“Increase”, http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/increase?s=t)
Democracy assistance can be most accurately defined as
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precise instrument within a broader democracy promotion paradigm.
That’s Lappin ‘9 Richard Lappin- Ph.D. candidate at the Centre for Peace Research and Strategic Studies @ U of Leuven- 2009 (last cite), What We Talk About When We Talk About Democracy Assistance: The Problem of Definition in Post-Conflict Approaches to Democratisation, http://www.cejiss.org/sites/default/files/8.pdf
2) We meet – Boone proves plan adds USAID expertise to new locations
Heinz ’11 Marni. "Exploring Knowledge as a Source of Competitive Advantage: Changing Organizational Forms and Constraints on Knowledge Exploitation" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Communication Association, Dresden International Congress Centre, Dresden, Germany, <Not Available>. 2011-03-14 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p92004_index.html>
Knowledge as a Source of Competitive Advantage,
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synonymous with information technology (Alavi & Tiwana).
a) Money is a bad measurement of democracy assistance – implementation changes are best
Carothers, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, ‘9 (Revitalizing U.S. Democracy Assistance the challenge of USAID)
As a complement to these larger aid reform
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and more radical options for remedying the problems.
AQAP
2AC No AQAP – General
Key players – extend Benson – decision-makers and bomb-makers possess unique know-how
Shaughnessy, CNN Pentagon Producer, 3-28-’12 (Larry, “Defense Department: Arab branch of Al Qaeda a serious threat to U.S.” CNN Wire, lexis)
Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula represents a
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as a number of former Guantanamo Bay detainees.
Now is Al-Qaeda’s second wind – they’re rebounding stronger than ever
Ghitis, Editor World Politics Review, 3-8-’12 (Frida, “World Citizen: Al-Qaida – Again?” World Politics Review)
Washington's successful efforts to kill top al-
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and, in fact, a reinvigorated one.
AQAP in Yemen represent a global threat – current US strategy has been insufficient
Sheehan, Assistant Secretary Special Ops and Low-Intensity Conflict at DOD, 3-27-’12 (Michael, “FISCAL 2013 DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION: EMERGING THREATS; COMMITTEE: SENATE ARMED SERVICES; SUBCOMMITTEE: EMERGING THREATS AND CAPABILITIES” Congressional Testimony, lexis)
Another important front against al-Qa'ida is
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and the will to effectively confront these challenges.
2AC No AQAP – Yemen Solves
Last attack changed everything – Yemen military not equipped
DePetris, Senior Associate Editor Journal of Terrorism and Security Analysis, 3-9-’12 (Daniel, “What al Qaeda's attack says about the state of Yemen’s army” http://globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2012/03/09/what-al-qaedas-attack-says-about-the-state-of-yemens-army/)
Obama administration officials thousands of miles away have
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be countered before an entire base gets overrun.
2AC Backlash Turn
Tribes support dialogue and democracy
Onassis 2-14 Chiara-, Bikyamasr, “Yemen’s Sheikh Hameed calls for civil state”, http://bikyamasr.com/57044/yemens-sheikh-hameed-calls-for-civil-state/)
Yemen’s Sheikh Hameed al-Ahmar announced on
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to guarantee the country’s future stability and security.”
2AC DA Fails – General
Only exhaustive evidence concludes aff
Finkel, Chair PolSci Dept Pitt, Perez-Linan, Professor PolSci Pitt, and Seligson, Professor PolSci Vanderbilt, ‘7 (Steven, Anibal, and Mitchell; April, “The Effects of US Foreign Assistance on Democracy Building, 1990-2003” World Politics, Vol 59 No 3)
This study has advanced the analysis of democracy
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impact on the respective dimensions of democratic performance.
2AC DA Bad – Backlash
No backlash – US seen as flexible
Burke, Researcher at FRIDE, ’10 (Edward, May, “Assessing Democracy Assistance: Yemen”)
However, given the hreat of a resurgent
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civil society activists in Yemen than European donors.
CW
2AC Instab AC – General
Stronger local governance possible
Phillips, PhD Candidate Centre for Arab and Islamic Studies at Australian National University, ‘7 (Sarah, February, “Evaluating Political Reform in Yemen” Carnegie Papers, http://www.carnegieendowment.org/files/cp_80_phillips_yemen_final.pdf)
Nearly three-quarters of Yemenis live in
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step toward greater government responsiveness to its citizens.
Offcase
2AC CDD CP
Your CDD good cards should be suspect – based on biased accounts
Platteau, Professor Economics at University of Namur, ‘4 (Jean-Philippe, “Monitoring Elite Capture in Community-Driven Development” Development and Change, Vol 35 Issue 2)
The scepticism of many NGOs about the need
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point to correlations rather than carefully tested causal relationships
CDD fails – review of past projects demonstrates limited effectiveness
Mansuri, Lead Economist at World Bank, 04 Community Based (and Driven) Development: A Critical Review
Community Based (and Driven) Development (
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careful and well designed monitoring and evaluation systems.
That prevents engagement
Partners for Democratic Change ‘9 (“Yemen”, http://www.partnersglobal.org/20th-anniversary-1/Yemen%20Case%20Study%20Tribal%20 Conflict%20Seminar%207%20-%209-%20final.pdf)
The difficulties of working on conflict in Yemen
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working on tribal conflicts and in tribal areas.
Non-democracy assistance won’t result in democracy – studies prove
Finkel, Chair PolSci Dept Pitt, Perez-Linan, Professor PolSci Pitt, and Seligson, Professor PolSci Vanderbilt, ‘7 (Steven, Anibal, and Mitchell; April, “The Effects of US Foreign Assistance on Democracy Building, 1990-2003” World Politics, Vol 59 No 3)
-This study attempts to determine the impact
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based on the Freedom House measure of democracy.
Effective governance prerequisite to development aid
Mahanty ’10 (Daniel R.-, B.A. Georgetown Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Master’s in Security Studies Thesis, “The Aid for Security Dilemma: The Distortive Impact of U.S. National Security Interests on Development Assistance”, http://repository.library.georgetown.edu/bitstream/handle/10822/553540/
mahantyDanielR.pdf?sequence=1)
Having successfully advocated for a development approach,
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of the categories between 2002 and 2009.6
Doesn’t solve civil war – governance key to solve secessionist impulses – that’s Campell and O’Neill – local democracy key to transition
United Nations Development Programme ’12 (Jan. 23, “Governance Team Leader/Advisor”, https://jobs.undp.org/cj_view_job.cfm?cur_job_id=27758)
The wave of demonstrations that has swept through
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needs in the beginning of the transition period.
2AC Orientalism Kritik
Perm – do both – being reflexive about the Middle East is not inconsistent with the plan
Role of the ballot is to evaluate the desirability of the plan based on hypothetical consideration of the consequences of the plan being enacted
Debate should be a process for learning how to make better decisions – that determines our ability to improve our own lives and the society we live in – consideration of the alt dilutes our ability to garner decision-making skills by shifting the focus away from detailed policy comparison
Engaging in pragmatic policy analysis about the Middle East is necessary to maintain a link between academic scholarship and policymaking – a turn to radical politics and theory ensures disconnection
Lockman, Chair – Department of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies - NYU, 05 (Critique from the Right: The Neo-conservative Assault on Middle East Studies, The New Centennial Review 5.1)
The damage Orientalism wreaked on U.S
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conflicting loyalties" (Kramer 2001, 2).
The impact is right wing takeover by think tank advocates who will convince policymakers to pursue a strategy of global military domination
Lockman, Chair – Department of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies - NYU, 05 (Critique from the Right: The Neo-conservative Assault on Middle East Studies, The New Centennial Review 5.1)
But there was a price to be paid
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made no difference whatsoever to its advocates.12
Epistemology not flawed – communication and modern politics shattered Orientalist dogma
Samiei, Faculty of World Studies - University of Tehran, 10 (Neo-Orientalism? The relationship between the West and Islam in our globalised world, Third World Quarterly)
This article intends to critically investigate the crystallisation
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witness even a Muslim president in the future.
They overcenter the West – condemning Western action causes exceptionalism and blocks future policies
Cox ’11 (Raymond, Department of Public Administration and Urban Studies, University of Akron, “To Thine Own Self Be True: Conflicting Interpretations of the Cultural and Social Implications of the ‘Arab Spring’,” The Arab World Geographer, Vol 14, no 2)
The obsession with and near universal condemnation of
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future. That is the chal- lenge.
Epistemological criticism is overly skeptical – causes us to put our heads in the sand when we need to act
Varisco, Professor Anthro Hofstra U, ‘9 (Daniel Martin, September, “Orientalism’s Wake: The Ongoing Politics of a Polemic” Orientalism’s Wake: The Ongoing Politics of a Polemic, Middle East Institute, http://www.mei.edu/Portals/0/Publications/Orientalism.pdf)
Orientalism, like most polemics, is rife
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Edward Said’s significant intellectual corpus deserves no less.
Alt upholds dictatorships
Sadiki, 2011 (Larbi, Jun 6, Senior Lecturer in Middle East Politics at the University of Exeter, “The mathematics of the Arab Spring,”
http://aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2011/05/2011531132934920499.html)
On the Arab side, return to autarchy
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inferiority, and an incapacity to speak back.
2AC Saudi DA
Even if the plan strains relations it won’t lead to a larger collapse
Zeigler, 11 --- Research Director for the Saudi-U.S. Trade Group (3/18/2011, Lucien Zeigler, “Could US-Saudi Relationship Emerge Stronger After ‘Arab Spring’?”, http://informationchaos.com/2011/03/18/could-us-saudi-relationship-emerge-stronger-after-arab-spring/)
Writing in the UK’s Financial Times, Eurasia
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” should remain intact for years to come.
AQAP turns it – AQAP threat outweighs fears of democracy
Hill, The Guardian, ’11 (Ginny, March 23, “Riyadh will decide the fate of Ali Abdullah Saleh – and of Yemen” http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2011/mar/23/ali-abdullah-saleh-riyadh-house-of-saud)
Riyadh has two clear priorities in Yemen:
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as long as it's stable," he replied.
Saudi supports increased tribal power
Haykel, Professor Near Eastern Studies Princeton, 6-14-’11 (Bernard, “Saudi Arabia’s Yemen dilemma” http://globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2011/06/14/saudi-arabias-yemen-dilemma/)
Saudi Arabia has historically tried to keep Yemen's
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who form a counterweight to the central government).
Link empirically denied –
US massively increased Yemen aid in the 2012 and 2013 budget – extend GAO
Lebanon and Egypt didn’t cause a backlash
Rubin, 12/22 --- director of the Global Research in International Affairs Center (12/22/2011, Barry, “NAVIGATING THE NEW MIDDLE EAST? THE OBAMA ADMINISTRATION IS LOST AT SEA AND ON THE ROCKS,” http://www.gloria-center.org/2011/12/navigating-the-new-middle-east-the-obama-administration-is-lost-at-sea-and-on-the-rocks/)
Saudi Arabia While Saudi Arabia is not an
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under the protection of the Gulf Cooperation Council.
US already publicly supports Yemen decentralization
ICG, October ’11 (International Crisis Group, October, “Breaking Point? Yemen’s Southern Question” Middle East Report No 114)
While supporters of separation increasingly are frustrated with
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them and must be determined through dialogue. 145
Iran should have strained the alliance
Gause, Professor PolSci Vermont, 2-1-’12 (Gregory, “Iran and the U.S.-Saudi Relationship” http://www.cfr.org/saudi-arabia/iran-us-saudi-relationship/p27264)
The U.S. alliance with Saudi
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tensions with the United States, he says.
Relations cyclical – at odds over other issues but have recovered
Ottaway, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 9-23-’11 (David, “Uncle Sam and the Saudi Split” Foreign Policy, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/09/23/uncle_sam_and_the_saudi_split)
Saudi Arabia, the Arab world's richest and
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the unsettled U.S.-Saudi relationship.
Their authors are wrong – relations won’t collapse over Yemen and have endured larger crises in the past
Gause, ’11
[F. Gregory Gause III, Professor & Chair of the Political Science Department at the University of Vermont, Former Kuwait Foundation Visiting Professor of International Affairs at Harvard University’s Kennedy School of Government, “Saudi Arabia in the New Middle East,” Council Special Report No. 63, December 2011]
U.S. analysts tend to not
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ambitions as a serious threat to their interests.
Saudis are bark and no bite – framing for how you should read their ev
Teitelbaum, ’11 [Joshua, Senior Fellow, Moshe Dayan Center for Middle East and African Studies, Tel Aviv U. Adjunct Senior Lecturer, Middle Eastern History, Bar Ilan U. PhD, Tel Aviv U, July 17th 2011, Joshua, Empty Words: Saudi Blustering and US-Saudi Realities, http://www.biu.ac.il/Besa/perspectives147.html]
The Saudis are truly angry at the Obama
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of the ways threatened by some Saudi officials.
2AC Jackson-Vanik
Will only pass if it is linked to other anti-Russia legislation
Jatras, 3/23 --- Principal, Squire Sanders Public Advocacy, Washington, DC (3/23/2012, James George, Vladimir Frolov, 3/23/2012, Russia Profile, “Russia Profile Weekly Experts Panel: Will Russia Graduate From the Jackson-Vanik Amendment?” Factiva)
Until very recently, I would have said
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more insulting than continued Jackson-Vanik application.
Russia’s economy strong now --- making structural reforms
Bush Mar 27 (Jason, 3-27-12, http://uk.reuters.com/article/2012/03/27/uk-russia-economy-idUKBRE82Q0OK20120327, “Russia must reform to boost weak recovery - World Bank”)
The report noted said Russia's recent economic growth
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is taking this agenda seriously," Richter said.
Syria aid now
Barnard, 3/25 (Anne, 3/25/2012, NY Times, “U.S. and Turkey to Step Up ‘Nonlethal’ Aid to Rebels in Syria,” http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/26/world/middleeast/us-and-turkey-to-step-up-nonlethal-aid-to-syrian-rebels.html?_r=1)
BEIRUT — Turkey and the United States plan
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the opposition from the United States and others.
Circumventing Congress on Egypt
Washington Post, 3-16-’12 (William Wan, “U.S. funding for Egyptian military to resume, senior administration officials say”)
The Obama administration intends to resume funding for
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also urged Clinton not to resume the aid.
Court ruling against health care would devastate Obama politically
Mardell, 3/28 --- North America editor (3/28/2012, “What if Supreme Court strikes down Obama healthcare act?”v http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-17540685)
Bright side? Many assume the court
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. A defeat. It would enrage Democrats.
Terrorism fear shields backlash
Al-Azaki 10 (Mohammed, "Closely Observing Country's Situation, US Administration to Give Hand to Yemen," YemenPost, April 10, http://yemenpost.net/Detail123456789.aspx?ID=3&SubID=1177&MainCat=6)
The American delegation’s visit came shortly after discussions
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well as ailing economy and depleting oil reservoirs.
Impact is inevitable --- missile defense and disagreements on Libya and Syria
TASS, 2/15 (ITAR-TASS World Service, 2/15/2012, “RF-US reset runs its course, expert says,” Factiva)
MOSCOW, February 15 (Itar-Tass
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on Libya and Syria,” the expert said.
PC not key – elections
Klein, 3/19 (Ezra, 3/19/2012, “The Unpersuaded; Who listens to a President?” http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2012/03/19/120319fa_fact_klein#ixzz1pxjQpFdO)
In January, 2004, George W.
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of making it harder for him to govern.
Won’t pass ---
A. Not until after election
Herspring, 3/23 --- University Distinguished Professor at K State (Dale, Frolov Vladimir, 3/23/2012, Russia Profile, “Russia Profile Weekly Experts Panel: Will Russia Graduate From the Jackson-Vanik Amendment?” Factiva)
Will Russia finally be graduated from the Jackson
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a non-starter until after the election.
B. Syria
McQuillen, 3/4 (William, 3/4/2012, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, “U.S. SEEKS REPEAL OF SOVIET-ERA TRADE BAR FOR FARMERS,” Factiva)
Members of Congress including Reps. Chris Smith
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debate on overturning the Jackson-Vanik amendment.
C. Kyl
Wasson, 3/15 (Erik, 3/15/2012, “Sen. Kyl takes strong stand against top Obama administration trade priority,” http://thehill.com/blogs/on-the-money/1005-trade/216201-kyl-takes-strong-stand-against-top-obama-trade-bill)
The No.2 Republican in the
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hurt U.S. farmers and manufacturers.
D. Russia won’t make concessions
Korves, 3/22 --- economic policy analyst with Truth About Trade and Technology (Ross, 3/22/2012, “Russia and Permanent Normal Trade Relations,” http://www.truthabouttrade.org/2012/03/22/russia-and-permanent-normal-trade-relations/)
Based on the debate to date, Congress
AND a
should hold Russia accountable to its accession agreement.
