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Democracy assistance excludes economic aid
A. Interpretation-democracy assistance excludes economic aid
Huber, 08 Hebrew University of Jerusalem Department of International Relations
Daniela, Mediterranean Politics, Vol. 13, No. 1, 43–62,  March 2008, “Democracy Assistance in the Middle East and North Africa: A Comparison of US and EU Policies”, p. 45-6, http://pdfserve.informaworld.com/69109__790479070.pdf, accessed 6-3-11

What is Democracy Assistance? … the different democracy promotion instruments.

B. Violation-The aff provides economic aid
C. Standards-

1. Limits-The aff explodes the research burden by allowing affs to include democracy promotion. This includes positive and negative action as well as implicit and explicit actions. This skews kills fairness which is an internal link to education.
   2. Ground- democracy assistance does not include economic aid-democracy promotion does. Anything outside of the scope of democracy assistance should be neg ground. Adequate neg ground is key to sufficiently testing the affirmative.
   3. Topic Specific Education- Democracy assistance is distinct from economic aid. The education provided by the aff is related to democracy promotion-not democracy assistance our interpretation provides the best access to topic specific education.

D. Voter for fairness, education, and jurisdiction

Military Pressure CP1NC

CP Text:
The United States federal government should make aid to Egypt’s military conditional on the Egyptian government’s:
-Compliance with international obligations to fight terrorism
-Adherence to a policy of not developing, proliferating, or selling nuclear weapons and/or nuclear weapons materials
-Compliance with the Egypt-Israeli peace treaty
-Negotiation of an acceptable transition arrangement with the best coalition excluding the Muslim Brotherhood.

The United States federal government should allow the Egyptian military establishment to negotiate terms of a transition.
CP prevents the radicalization of Egypt’s foreign policy.
Phillips 11 (James, Senior Research Fellow for Middle Eastern Affairs at the Douglas and Sarah Allison Center for Foreign Policy Studies at the Heritage Foundation, “Egypt’s Muslim Brotherhood Lurks as a Long-Term Threat to Freedom,” The Heritage Foundation, February 8, 2011) Gocha

Keep the Muslim Brotherhood at Arm’s … Mubarak’s authoritarian regime.

Israel Relations 1NC

A. US-Israel relations high-Obama and Netanyahu consultation, security commitments, and delegation exchanges
Khaleej Times August 11th, 2011 (“Obama, Netanyahu speak amid Syria turmoil”  http://www.khaleejtimes.com/displayarticle.asp?xfile=data/middleeast/2011/August/middleeast_August254.xml&section=middleeast&col=, jj)

11 August 2011WASHINGTON - US President Barack Obama and Israeli Prime … from the overwhelmingly pro-Israel US Congress.
B. Israel strongly opposes democracy assistance
Sanger 5-21-11(David E, Chief Washington Correspondent for The New York Times and is one of the newspaper's senior writers, New York Times, “Half a doctrine will have to do” http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/22/weekinreview/22sanger.html, jj)

Mr. Obama clearly …into a long, hot summer.  
C. This undermines relations
IISS ’11 (International Institute for Strategic Studies, “Arab upheaval prompts concerns in Israel” http://www.iiss.org/publications/strategic-comments/past-issues/volume-17-2011/april/arab-upheaval-prompts-concerns-in-israel/, jj)

Some Israelis, looking …, or confrontation.
D. Israel relations are critical to maintaining every aspect of US hegemony
Oren ’11 (Michael, Israeli Ambassador to the US, May/June, Foreign Policy, “The Ultimate Ally” http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/04/25/the_ultimate_ally?page=0,0, jj)

Israel is not, of course, … highest-ranking officer, is "absolutely critical" to U.S. national security. 

Hegemony prevents nuclear war
Arbatov ‘07 [Alexei Arbatov, Head of the Center for International Security Center of the Institute for International Economy and International Relationships of the Russian Academy of Sciences “Is a New Cold War Imminent,” http://eng.globalaffairs.ru/numbers/20/1130.html, 2007]

A multipolar world … with the use of a nuclear device in one or several major capitals of the world.

CTBT 1NCShell

A) Uniqueness – CTBT is next on the agenda
South Asian News Agency September 12 2011 “Turning up the heat” http://www.sananews.net/english/2011/09/turning-up-the-heat/

After the FMCT, the next item on the …. If it is wise, it will choose the former.

B) The plan requires massive political capital from Obama
El Amrani, January 6th, 2011 (Issandr, Project on Middle East Democracy, “Confronting Egypt’s Dangerous Decline” http://pomed.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/policy-brief-series_elamrani.pdf, jj)

The U.S. needs to send …contradictions of its current approach.

C) CTBT solves extinction
Granoff and Tyson, President and Senior Author of the Global Security Institute, 09 (Jonathan and Rhianna, “Achieving the Entry-Into-Force of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty: What UN Member States Can Do Now,” April, Accessed 7-12-09)

The treaty remains as important today … upon which it depends.

Law 1NC – Long Shell

Democracy should be created and applied to specific situations and people, not founded on the empty universal principles of legal change. By rejecting transcendence, law and democratic systems can become revolutionary and radical by inventing new forms of jurisprudence.  

Patton – Professor of Philosophy @ Univ of New South Wales– 2005 (Paul, “Deleuze and Democracy,” Contemp Pol Theory Nov 4.4, p. 400, KEL)

By contrast, Mengue argues … by biotechnology does not sit well with the image of Deleuze as anti-democratic thinker. 

“Top-down” legal control of jurisprudence is fundamentally anti-democratic, discussing plans to shape democracy only creates a control society based on communication and enforcement of universals—instead, we should hijack speech to elude control. Doing this can invoke a new kind of politics that avoids the Aff’s micro-fascism.
Deleuze and Negri, ’90 (Gillex and Antonio, Control and Becoming, http://www.generation-online.org/p/fpdeleuze3.htm) [mrl]
Deleuze: What I've been interested …circuit breakers, so we can elude control.

Micro-fascism is cancerous it manipulates policy in order to replicate itself – destroys any alternate formations—this makes war inevitable and destroys all life. 

Parr ‘5 (Parr, Adrian. 2005. The Deleuze dictionary. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, pg. 98-99 [m leap])

Deleuze and Guattari …lunar nihilism it is portrayed as in Anti-Oedipus. 

Status Quo rhizomatic movements solve WITHOUT the intervention of plans and laws, Perm fails.

Khan ’11 Muhammad Saad Khan, he is a research student at the Department of Philosophy of University of Karachi, he holds a masters degree in economics and has written for The Daily Times (Pakistan) and Express News (Pakistan), July 5 2011, Organic Dimensions of the "Arab Spring" http://www.politicalaffairs.net/organic-dimensions-of-the-arab-spring/ [mrl]

The protests in the Middle … the rulers of Pakistan must beware of the rhizome. 

Democracy Assistance is different than democracy promotion

A. Interpretation-Democracy assistance differs instruments of implementation are fundamentally different than that of democracy promotion

Lappin 10-Faculty of Political Sciences at the University of Belgrade-10
Richard, What we talk about when we talk about democracy assistance, Central European Journal ISS
2010 - Volume 4, Issue 1  http://www.cejiss.org/sites/default/files/8.pdf

In defining democracy assistance… active measures, rather than passive tools

B. Violation-The aff increases democracy promotion as opposed to democracy assistance

C. Standards-

1. Topic Specific Education-the aff increases democracy promotion instead of democracy assistance. This eliminates all education regarding the topic, and causes us to misunderstand the lit base.
   2. Ground-democracy assistance is a distinct sub-sect of democracy promotion. Anything outside of the scope of democracy assistance should be neg ground. They eliminate our ability to run mechanism counter-plans such as conditioning aid.  Adequate neg ground is key to testing the affirmative.
   3. Limits-The aff explodes the research burden by allowing affs to include democracy promotion. This includes positive and negative action as well as implicit and explicit actions. This skews kills fairness which is an internal link to education
   D. Voter for fairness, education, and jurisdiction

1. USAID is on the chopping block – new democracy projects will force tradeoffs due to budget pressures. This leads to failed intervention which will collapse military readiness, increase global terrorism, and weaken growth

Kunder, 7/7 [James, Senior Resident Fellow at the German Marshall Fund of the United States (GMF) and a Principal of the Modernizing Foreign Assistance Network(MFAN), “Foreign aid keeps America safe”, http://dailycaller.com/2011/07/07/foreign-aid-keeps-america-safe/#ixzz1S05YXECT, CMR]

At this critical inflection point, Congress …. — a terror-free tomorrow.

2. Terrorists will obtain nuclear weapons, leading to extinction

Toon et al 7 – Owen B. Toon, chair of the Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences at CU-Boulder, et al., April 19, 2007, “Atmospheric effects and societal consequences of regional scale nuclear conflicts and acts of individual nuclear terrorism,” online: http://climate.envsci.rutgers.edu/pdf/acp-7-1973-2007.pdf

To an increasing extent, … and physical outcomes.

3. Collapses of military readiness causes global war 

Perry & Flournoy ‘6 (William, professor of management science and engineering at Stanford University, was U.S. secretary of defense from 1994 to 1997, Michele, senior advisor at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, was principal deputy assistant secretary of defense for strategy and threat reduction, National Defense, May)

The all-volunteer force is now in … deter aggression.

Text: The European Union should… <Insert plan mechanism of democracy assistance>

The EU solves democracy promotion in the Arab world
Abboud 2010 (Noufal Abboud was Project Coordinator at the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA) project on Democracy in the Arab Word, focusing on elections, political parties and women’s participation in politics in Egypt, Yemen and Jordan.  He has a MA in Human Rights from Mahidol University, Thailand, and a Licence en Droit (BA in Law) from University Hassan II in Casablanca, Morocco; "Regenerating the State in the Arab World: The Role Of the European Union in Democracy Building"; http://www.idea.int/resources/analysis/upload/Abboud_low_1.pdf, SRM)

It is only with knowledge …play the role of either catalyst or teacher.

The EU is comparatively more effective than the US at democracy promotion - Arab perception
Abboud 2010 (Noufal Abboud was Project Coordinator at the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA) project on Democracy in the Arab Word, focusing on elections, political parties and women’s participation in politics in Egypt, Yemen and Jordan.  He has a MA in Human Rights from Mahidol University, Thailand, and a Licence en Droit (BA in Law) from University Hassan II in Casablanca, Morocco; "Regenerating the State in the Arab World: The Role Of the European Union in Democracy Building"; http://www.idea.int/resources/analysis/upload/Abboud_low_1.pdf, SRM)

Finally, the Arab world …of tolerance, diversity and justice.

EU credibility low now
Walter Russell Mead, The American Interest, 8/19/11, online: http://www.businessinsider.com/european-crisis-deepens-2011-8

The bad news just keeps … problems are getting worse, not improving.

CP increases EU soft power
E. A. Fakhro, The European Union and Islam: Democracy Promotion in Bahrain and the Arab World, 2009, online: http://www.idea.int/resources/analysis/upload/Fakhro_low_2.pdf

Any entity that seeks to … and partner of the Arab world. 

Increasing EU credibility is critical to avert an economic crisis
Tabellini 10 (Guido, Italian economist, “The ECB: Gestures and Credibility,” May 26, 2010, tek.org.tr, YS)

The currency crisis that is ….European authorities. 

Failure to restore the economy leads to global great power wars.
Mead, ’09 [Walter Russell, Senior Fellow in U.S. Foreign Policy at the Council on Foreign Relations, New Republic, February 4, http://www.tnr.com/politics/story.html?id=571cbbb9-2887-4d81-8542-92e83915f5f8&p=2]

So far, such half-hearted …. may still have to fight.

Solvency
Turkey has more credibility on democracy promotion in Syria than the United States – it would solve the case better

Christian Science Monitor June 16, 2011 Outsourcing democracy promotion http://www.csmonitor.com/Commentary/the-monitors-view/2011/0616/Outsourcing-democracy-promotion

Turkey joined a unique club  … international pressure on that regime. 

Net-Benefit – Turkish Economy

A. Independent AKP actions from the U.S. are key to its public popularity
Steven A. Cook, Sr. Fellow for M Eastern studies at the Council on Foreign Relations, June 1, 2010 How Do You Say "Frenemy" in Turkish? Meet America's new rival in the Middle East. http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2010/06/01/how_do_you_say_frenemy_in_Turkish?page=0,1

The easy temptation … good relations with the United States. 

B. Popularity of the AKP is key for them to tackle unpopular measures necessary to solve their deficit crisis, which has their economy on the brink.

Media Line, June 13, 2011, Turkey's Dilemma: Economy or Constitution http://www.arcamax.com/politics/politicalnews/s-901239

Now that the campaigning …Suisse Group, said in an e-mail.

C. Turkey’s economy is key to Middle East, EU, and CIS growth and peace

Murat Doral, instructor of economics, November 2010, Kennesaw State University, “Turkey: Another $1 Trillion Emerging Economy?,” Journal of Emerging Knowledge on Emerging Markets, http://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1021&context=jekem

One thing that really …the motto of the Turkish Republic.

D. Caucus instability leads to nuclear war

Blank, Ph.D. and USSR expert for the Strategic Studies Institute, 2000
(STEPHEN J. BLANK has served as the Strategic Studies Institute’s expert on the Soviet bloc and the post-Soviet world since 1989. Prior to that he was Associate Professor of Soviet Studies at the Center for Aerospace Doctrine, Research, and Education, Maxwell Air Force Base, and taught at the University of Texas, San Antonio, and at the University of California, Riverside. Dr. Blank is the editor of Imperial Decline: Russia’s Changing Position in Asia, coeditor of Soviet Military and the Future, and author of The Sorcerer as Apprentice: Stalin’s Commissariat of Nationalities, 1917-1924. He has also written many articles and conference papers on Russian, Commonwealth of Independent States, and Eastern European security issues. Dr. Blank’s current research deals with proliferation and the revolution in military affairs, and energy and security in Eurasia. He holds a B.A. in History from the University of Pennsylvania, and a M.A. and Ph.D. in History from the University of Chicago. “US Military Engagement with Transcaucasia and Central Asia”, http://www.bits.de/NRANEU/docs/Blank2000.pdf\)

In 1993 Moscow even threatened … advantage and reintegration. 75

A. Russia is blocking US pressure on Assad to maintain its Syrian naval base, which is key to Russian Mediterranean naval presence and to stop US encirclement

M K Bhadrakumar was a career diplomat in the Indian Foreign Service. His assignments included the Soviet Union, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Germany, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Uzbekistan, Kuwait and Turkey, Syria on the boil, US warship in Black Sea, Asia Times, June 14, 2011 http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/MF14Ak02.html

Without doubt, the US is stepping …regime in Damascus that succeeds Assad.

B. Regime change in Syria will cause Russia to lose its military presence in the region

M K Bhadrakumar was a career diplomat in the Indian Foreign Service. His assignments included the Soviet Union, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Germany, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Uzbekistan, Kuwait and Turkey, Syria on the boil, US warship in Black Sea, Bhadrakumar Views, March 28, 2011 http://bhadrakumarviews.blogspot.com/2011/03/uprising-in-syria-threatens-russian.html

That brings us to an … struggle for influence in Syria.

C. Russia perceives itself in zero-sum competition with US for global influence. The Middle East is a critical region for influence.

Ariel Cohen, Ph.D. and Stephen Blank Cohen, Ph.D. , is Senior Research Fellow in Russian and Eurasian Studies and International Energy Policy in the Douglas and Sarah Allison Center for Foreign Policy Studies, a division of the Kathryn and Shelby Cullom Davis Institute for International Studies, at The Heritage Foundation. Stephen J. Blank, Ph.D., is Research Professor of National Security Affairs at the U.S. Army War College, “Reset Regret: Russian Global Strategy Undermines American Interests,” Heritage, August 3, 2011 http://www.heritage.org/Research/Reports/2011/08/Reset-Regret-Russian-Global-Strategy-Undermines-US-Interests

According to the Obama … East Asia, the Middle East, and Latin America. 

D. Power is zero-sum – an encircled Russia emboldens nationalism
Barry 9 – Moscow correspondent for The New York Times (1/12/2009, Ellen, “U.S.-Russia relations at a crossroads; Moscow can elect path of cooperation or one of retrenchment”, The International Herald Tribune, Lexis) MGM

But others see the crisis pushing Russia in the opposite direction. The second scenario is one of retrenchment and nationalism. ''Less resources means … would expand the definition of treason. 

E. Russian nationalism leads to nuclear war and extinction

Israelyan 98 Victor was a Soviet ambassador, diplomat, arms control negotiator, and leading political scientist. The Washington Quarterly, Winter)

The first and by far most dangerous possibility … until we all fall down together." n12