Law Enforcement 1AC

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• The United States Federal Government should substantially increase its support for civil law enforcement in Yemen.

  Contention One - Strategy Shift

  Our approach in Yemen is the litmus-test of future counter-terrorism strategy

  Cilluffo and Watts 11 [Frank J. Cilluffo is the director of the Homeland Security Policy Institute at The George Washington University and Clinton Watts is a principal consultant at PA Consulting Group and a Senior Fellow at the Homeland Security Policy Institute. He is a former U.S. Army Officer and former Special Agent with the FBI., Homeland Security Policy Institute, “Yemen & Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula: Exploiting a Window of Counterterrorism Opportunity”, June 24, 2011, http://www.gwumc.edu/hspi/policy/issuebrief203_yemenAQAP.cfm]

  Debates over the legality … inevitable attack from AQAP.

   

  The plan would be a shift to a more comprehensive approach – that’s critical to successful international cooperation

  Boyle and Scmid ‘9 (A Global Compact for Counter-Terrorism: Towards a Robust Multilateral Counter-Terrorism Regime Dr. Michael J. Boyle and Professor Alex P. Schmid Centre for the Study of Terrorism and Political Violence University of St. Andrews Sponsored by the The New Ideas Fund, 2009

  One of the greatest … counter-terrorism cooperation thus far.

   

  This shift is critical to larger multilateral cooperation – there is a unique spillover effect

  Boyle and Scmid 9 (A Global Compact for Counter-Terrorism: Towards a Robust Multilateral Counter-Terrorism Regime Dr. Michael J. Boyle and Professor Alex P. Schmid Centre for the Study of Terrorism and Political Violence University of St. Andrews Sponsored by the The New Ideas Fund, 2009

  The war on terror … would have otherwise been.

   

  Only multilateral cooperation prevents great power wars that make extinction inevitable

  Gwynne Dyer, former senior lecturer in war studies at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, 12/30/2004, The End of War, The Toronto Star, p. lexis

  The "firebreak" against nuclear … itself and everybody loses.

  Contention Two - Terror

  AQAP is still a threat—assistance and establishing rule of law are key to long term stability

  Glenn 10/7 (Cameron graduated from the College of William and Mary with a B.A. in Middle Eastern Studies and Linguistics and currently works at Truman National Security Project, and she interned previously at American Near East Refugee Aid.  )

  The drone strike that … once and for all.

   

  Yemen is the lynchpin of global al-Qaeda– key to funding, recruiting, training, deployment, and it’s the refuge of last resort
   Scheuer 8 [Michael Scheuer is a former CIA intelligence officer, American blogger, historian, foreign policy critic, and political analyst. He is currently an adjunct professor at Georgetown University's Center for Peace and Security Studies, “Yemen’s Role in al-Qaeda’s Strategy”, Terrorism Focus Volume: 5 Issue: 5, February 7, 2008, http://www.jamestown.org/programs/gta/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=4708&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=246&no_cache=1]

  Osama bin Laden has … affected by religious discourse”

   

  Al-Qaeda is on the verge of massive WMD attacks – leaked documents prove they have the capability

  Blake et al 11 [Heidi Blake et al. is an investigative reporter for The Daily Telegraph. She was nominated for Young Journalist of the Year and Scoop of the Year in the 2010 British Press Awards Daily Telegraph, “WikiLeaks: al-Qaeda 'is planning a dirty bomb'”, February 2011, ]         

  Al-Qaida is on the … “extraordinary loss of life”.

   

  Impact is global nuclear war

  Ayson 10 – Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington (Robert, July. “After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects.” Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, Vol. 33, Issue 7. InformaWorld.)

  But these two nuclear … draw about their culpability?

   

  AQAP is gearing up for major attacks in India

  Roychowdhury 9/6 [Gen. Shankar Roychowdhury is a former Chief of Army Staff and a former member of Parliament, “India needs a 360° terror appraisal”, September 6, 2011, Deccan Chronicle, http://www.deccanchronicle.com/editorial/dc-comment/india-needs-360%C2%B0-terror-appraisal-659]

  In this context, Al … exercise the requisite caution.

   

  They’re working with LeT to destabilize the entire region – attacks will be successful

  Dreazen 10 [Yochi J. Dreazen, “Gates Warns of Militants in South Asia”, Wall Street Journal January 21, 2010, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704320104575014752587809016.html]

  NEW DELHI—U.S. Defense … to be further attacks.''

   

  India will retaliate by invading Pakistan – Abbottabad set a precident

  Riedel 11 [Bruce Riedel, “New Delhi's Abbottabad Mission”, June 22, 2011, National Interest, http://nationalinterest.org/commentary/new-delhis-abbottabad-mission-5508]

  President Obama was right … on May 2, 2011.

   

  High level statements prove this to be true

  Indian Express 9 [India warns Pak of strong retaliation against terror attacks, Nov 01 2009, http://www.indianexpress.com/news/india-warns-pak-of-strong-retaliation-agains/535831/]

  Taking a tough stance, … deal with them strongly".

   

  This scenario ensures escalation to nuclear war

  Zarate 11 [Juan C. Zarate, Sunday, February 20, 2011, “An alarming South Asia powder keg”, Washington Post, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/02/18/AR2011021805662.html]

  In 1914, a terrorist … we face from terrorism.

   

  Best new studies prove this would cause extinction

  Starr 11 (Consequences of a Single Failure of Nuclear Deterrence by Steven Starr February 07, 2011      * Associate member of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation     * Senior Scientist for PSR

  Only a single failure … and Russian nuclear forces.

   

  Intelligence briefs and Wikileaks prove al-Qaeda will successfully attack nuclear power plants across the globe – causes meltdowns

  Kimery 11 – Homeland Security Today's senior reporter and online editor (Anthony, W. Scott Malone, multiple Emmy and Peabody award-winning investigative journalist and former senior editor of NavySEALs.com. He runs the website's counterterrorism newsletter spin-off, “BlackNET Intelligence Channel,” 05/12, “Al Qaeda Could Try to Replicate Fukushima-type Meltdowns,” http://www.hstoday.us/blogs/the-kimery-report/blog/al-qaeda-could-try-to-replicate-fukushima-type-meltdowns/aa96292934d83bb8c9f97fd9d685f32b.html)

  A May 5 "intelligence … a matter of hours …”

   

  Meltdowns cause extinction

  Lendman 11 – Research Associate of the Centre for Research on Globalization (Stephen, 03/ 13, “Nuclear Meltdown in Japan,” http://www.thepeoplesvoice.org/TPV3/Voices.php/2011/03/13/nuclear-meltdown-in-japan)

  Reuters said the 1995 … literally, an apocalyptic event.

   

  Contention Three - Solvency

  Only the plan solves – improving civil law enforcement capabilities is crucial for short and long term success against AQAP

  Knoetgen 11 (Peter Knoetgne, CEJISS, Central European Journal of International & Security Studies, “Chaos and Terrorism: How to Fight al-Qaeda in Yemen Amid Political Turmoil”, , May 16, 2011)

  If the Yemeni terror … support of this effort.

  
  US symbolic action solves – key to solve Anti-Americanism and give us political credibility

  Ken Gude is the Managing Director of the National Security and International Policy Program at American Progress, et al., CAP, July 12, 2011, http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2011/07/secretary_clinton_yemen.html

  The United States has … more-than-30-year reign.

  
  Law enforcement training is essential to creating a mechanism of information exchange

  Alistair Millar is the director of the Center on Global Counterterrorism Cooperation and Eric Rosand is a

  senior fellow at the Center on Global Counterterrorism Cooperation in New York and a non-resident fellow at New York University’s Center on International Cooperation, “Building Global Alliances in the Fight against Terrorism”, November 2007, http://www.globalct.org/images/content/pdf/reports/better_world.pdf

  In the international effort … into the United States. 

  
  That information exchange mechanism is essential to succeeding against Al Qaeda

  Derek Reveron is an associated professor at the Naval War College, an editorial board member of the Defense Intelligence Journal, and a long-time intelligence analyst, “Old Allies, New Friends: Intelligence Sharing in the War on Terror”, Summer 2006, http://derekreveron.com/Documents/su04-reveron.pdf

  Intelligence is the first … the information revolution created.

   

  This is particularly true in Yemen – current US efforts will only succeed with information exchange

  Barak Barfi is an independent analyst who has worked with ABC News affiliates in the Middle East, “How attacking AQAP influenced its strategy”, 2010, http://www.nato.int/docu/review/2010/Yemen/Yemen_AQAP/EN/

  AQAP’s ability to survive … reliable local intelligence assets.

   

  Police are the vital internal link into counter-terror success- empirically proven

  Mayborn 11 [William Mayborn, “Creating More Turmoil: Why UAV strikes Will Be Counterproductive in Yemen,” April 2011, ]

  The above policy indicators … than counterproductive missile strikes.   

  
  
• 
  
  

Environment 1AC

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• The United States Federal Government should substantially increase its technical assistance aimed at capacity building for government institutions in Yemen.

   

  Contention 1 – Solvency

   

  Technical assistance aimed at capacity building creates an effective procurement policy for Yemen

  OECD 10 (OECD Joint Learning Study, The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development is a unique forum where the governments of market democracies work together to address the economic, social, environmental and governance challenges of globalisation and development. The provides a setting where governments can compare policy experiences, seek answers to common problems, identify good practices and work to co-ordinate domestic and international policies. The European Commission takes part in the work of the OECD, “Enhancing Integrity in Public Procurement in Yemen”, , September 2, 2010, LEQ)

  1.2. Decentralisation, Poverty Reduction and … in decentralisation and procurement.

   

  This training spills over into the economic sector – establishes a stable financial environment for Yemen

  OECD 10 (OECD Joint Learning Study, The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development is a unique forum where the governments of market democracies work together to address the economic, social, environmental and governance challenges of globalisation and development. The provides a setting where governments can compare policy experiences, seek answers to common problems, identify good practices and work to co-ordinate domestic and international policies. The European Commission takes part in the work of the OECD, “Enhancing Integrity in Public Procurement in Yemen”, , September 2, 2010, LEQ)

  Invite representatives of the … useful areas of collaboration.

   

  Contention 2 – Terror

   

  A shift toward an economic development model of counter-terrorism solves global Al-Qaeda activity – spills over

  Task Force Report 11 (University Of Washington | Henry M. Jackson School Of International Studies, “Countering Al-Qaeda’s Ideology: Re-Assessing U.S. Policy Ten Years After 9/11”, , 2011, LEQ)

  The United States must … the fight against al-Qaeda.

   

  A successful Yemen policy would become a new litmus test for all other operations- - eliminating the image of a strict military focus is key

  Mitchell 11 (Robert E. Mitchell earned degrees from the University of Michigan, Harvard's China Area Program, and Columbia (Sociology), has been an academic in the US and overseas, a Foreign Service Officer with USAID (including a tour in Yemen in the late 1980s), consultant on various international challenges, and published widely on a variety of topics (most recently in MIT's Journal of Interdisciplinary History). He is retired, living in Brookline, Massachusetts and an active leader and member in Harvard's Institute for Learning in Retirement, “Yemen: Testing a New Coordinated Approach to Preventive Counterinsurgency”, Small Wars Foundation, August 1, 2011, LEQ)

  An American-designed strategy … for Learning in Retirement.

   

  Al-Qaeda is on the verge of massive CBW attacks, including smallpox

  Blake 11 [Heidi Blake et al. is an investigative reporter for The Daily Telegraph. She was nominated for Young Journalist of the Year and Scoop of the Year in the 2010 British Press Awards Daily Telegraph, “WikiLeaks: al-Qaeda 'is planning a dirty bomb'”, February 2011, ]         

  Al-Qaida is on the … “extraordinary loss of life”.

   

  Smallpox threatens survival

  Singer 1 [Clifford E. Singer, professor of nuclear engineering and director of the Program in Arms Control, Disarmament, and International Security - University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001, Will Mankind Survive the Millennium?, p. http://www.acdis.uiuc.edu/research/S&Ps/2001-Sp/S&P_XIII/Singer.htm]

  There are, however, two … if this is achieved.

   

  CBW terror causes extinction

  Kellman 8 (Barry Kellman is the director of the International Weapons Control Center, “Bioviolence: A Growing Threat”, The Futurist, May-June 2008, http://www.wfs.org/March-April09/MJ2008_Kellman.pdf)

  A looming danger confronts … consequences for all humanity.

   

  Al-Qaeda will successfully attack nuclear power plants across the globe – causes meltdowns and kills the nuclear industry

  Kimery 11 – Homeland Security Today's senior reporter and online editor (Anthony, W. Scott Malone, multiple Emmy and Peabody award-winning investigative journalist and former senior editor of NavySEALs.com. He runs the website's counterterrorism newsletter spin-off, “BlackNET Intelligence Channel,” 05/12, “Al Qaeda Could Try to Replicate Fukushima-type Meltdowns,” http://www.hstoday.us/blogs/the-kimery-report/blog/al-qaeda-could-try-to-replicate-fukushima-type-meltdowns/aa96292934d83bb8c9f97fd9d685f32b.html)

  A May 5 "intelligence … a matter of hours …”

   

  That means nuclear plants will be replaced with fossil fuels, guaranteeing catastrophic warming – only nuclear power solves

  Lynas 11 – author of "Six Degrees: Our Future on a Hotter Planet" and "High Tide: The Truth About Our Climate Crisis" (Mark, 04/10, “Why nuclear power is still a good choice,” http://articles.latimes.com/2011/apr/10/opinion/la-oe-lynas-nukes-20110410)

  For the green movement, … Yucca Mountains needed there.

   

  Warming causes extinction

  McPherson 11 – professor emeritus of natural resources and the environment at the University of Arizona (Guy, 08/20, “Three paths to near-term human extinction,” http://guymcpherson.com/2011/08/three-paths-to-near-term-human-extinction/)

  About a decade ago … of an overheating planet.

   

  Meltdowns cause extinction

  Lendman 11 – Research Associate of the Centre for Research on Globalization (Stephen, 03/ 13, “Nuclear Meltdown in Japan,” http://www.thepeoplesvoice.org/TPV3/Voices.php/2011/03/13/nuclear-meltdown-in-japan)

  Reuters said the 1995 … literally, an apocalyptic event.
  
  

  A litany of environmental impacts are inevitable absent nuclear power

  Cohen 99 – Professor-Emeritus of Physics and Astronomy and of Environmental and Occupational Health at University of Pittsburgh. He has authored 6 books, over 300 papers in scientific journals, and about 75 articles in non-technical journals. He has presented invited lectures in 47 U.S. States, 6 Canadian provinces, 7 Japanese prefectures, 6 Australian states and territories, and 24 other countries in Europe, Asia and South America. His awards include the American Physical Society Bonner Prize, the Health Physics Society Distinguished Scientific Achievement Award. He has been elected Chairman of the Division of Nuclear Physics of the American Physical Society, and Chairman of the Division of Environmental Sciences of the American Nuclear Society (Bernard L., “The nuclear Power Advantage,” http://www.praphansarn.com/new/forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=14313&get=last)

  One important advantage of … much as one percent.

   

  Agriculture collapse and food insecurity threaten survival

  FAO 8         (Food and Agricultural Organization ,2/18, Biodiversity is vital for human survival and livelihoods, http://www.fao.org/newsroom/en/news/2008/1000788/index.html)

  Biodiversity is vital for … generations,” Mr Butler said.

   

  Collapse of genetic diversity leads to extinction

  Cary Fowler and Pat Mooney, Rural Advancement Fund International, Shattering: Food, Politics, and the Loss of Genetic Diversity, 1990, p. ix

  While many may ponder … Latin America and Asia.

   

  Air pollution makes extinction inevitable

  Driesen 3 – Associate Professor, Syracuse University College of Law (David M., Fall/Spring, “Sustainable Development and Air Quality: The Need to Replace Basic Technologies with Cleaner Alternatives,” 10 Buff. Envt'l. L.J. 25, Lexis)

  Air pollution can make … long lasting ecological problems.

   

  Collapse of ocean biodiversity extinguishes all life

  Craig 3 – Associate Professor of Law, Indiana University School of Law (Robert Kundis, Winter, “Taking Steps Toward Marine Wilderness Protection? Fishing and Coral Reef Marine Reserves in Florida and Hawaii,” 34 McGeorge L. Rev. 155, Lexis)

  The world's oceans contain … intact to future generations. n21

   

  Small farms are key to survival

  Boyce 4 - professor of economics at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst (James, July, “A Future for Small Farms?” http://www.peri.umass.edu/fileadmin/pdf/working_papers/working_papers_51-100/WP86.pdf)

  There is a future … wiped out is astonishing.’

   

  Groundwater contamination guarantees extinction

  Bergkamp 6 – head of the Water Programme at lUCN-The World Conservation Union and Katharine Cross, works in IUCN’s Global Water Programme on issues relating to. groundwater and river basin management (Ger, 03/10, “Groundwater and Ecosystem Services: towards their sustainable use,” http://aguas.igme.es/igme/ISGWAS/Ponencias ISGWAS/13-Bergkamp.pdf)

  Groundwater is an important … relies heavily on groundwater (Morris et al., 2003).

   

  Contention 3 – War

   

  Nuclear winter theory is flawed
   ----(It’s empirically denied, their models are deliberately biased and ignore crucial factors like photochemistry and weather)

  Seitz 6  (Russell, Visiting Scholar in Harvard University's Center for International Affairs, “The' Nuclear Winter ' Meltdown,” December 20)

  "Apocalyptic predictions require, to … new generation of  X-Box.

   

  Ozone, nuclear winter, and environmental impacts are all wrong

  Martin 84 (Brian, physicist whose research interests include stratospheric modelling. He is a research associate in the Dept. of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Australian National University, Scientists Against Nuclear Arms Newsletter, “Extinction Politics”, May 16^th, pp.5-6)

  By the 1950s, a … extending reserves of food.

   

  COMMANDER ASSASSINATIONS CHECK

  Walsh, Lieutenant colonel in Air Force, 85 [Edward, “Nuclear War Opposing Viewpoints, p. 51]

  No president or dictator, … to a retaliatory holocaust.:

   

  Impossible to predict

   Keith B. Payne 2010 (, 1/18/2010) Payne is head of the Graduate Department of Defense and Strategic Studies at Missouri State University and president of National Institute for Public Policy. He is a former deputy assistant secretary of defense.

  The journal boasts that … to careful Western observers.

   

  Food insecurity makes global instability inevitable

  Trudell 6        (Robert, Food Security Emergencies And The Power Of Eminent Domain, 33 Syracuse J. Int'l L. & Com. 277, Lexis)

  Today, more than 842 .. the days to come.

  
  
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Technical Assistance 1AC

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• The United States Federal Government should substantially increase its technical assistance aimed at capacity building for government institutions in Yemen.

   

  Contention 1 – Solvency

   

  Technical assistance aimed at capacity building creates an effective procurement policy for Yemen

  OECD 10 (OECD Joint Learning Study, The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development is a unique forum where the governments of market democracies work together to address the economic, social, environmental and governance challenges of globalisation and development. The provides a setting where governments can compare policy experiences, seek answers to common problems, identify good practices and work to co-ordinate domestic and international policies. The European Commission takes part in the work of the OECD, “Enhancing Integrity in Public Procurement in Yemen”, , September 2, 2010, LEQ)

  1.2. Decentralisation, Poverty Reduction and … in decentralisation and procurement.

   

  This training spills over into the economic sector – establishes a stable financial environment for Yemen

  OECD 10 (OECD Joint Learning Study, The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development is a unique forum where the governments of market democracies work together to address the economic, social, environmental and governance challenges of globalisation and development. The provides a setting where governments can compare policy experiences, seek answers to common problems, identify good practices and work to co-ordinate domestic and international policies. The European Commission takes part in the work of the OECD, “Enhancing Integrity in Public Procurement in Yemen”, , September 2, 2010, LEQ)

  Invite representatives of the … useful areas of collaboration.

   

  Contention 2 – Terror

   

  A shift toward an economic development model of counter-terrorism solves global Al-Qaeda activity – spills over

  Task Force Report 11 (University Of Washington | Henry M. Jackson School Of International Studies, “Countering Al-Qaeda’s Ideology: Re-Assessing U.S. Policy Ten Years After 9/11”, , 2011, LEQ)

  The United States must … the fight against al-Qaeda.

   

  A successful Yemen policy would become a new litmus test for all other operations- - eliminating the image of a strict military focus is key

  Mitchell 11 (Robert E. Mitchell earned degrees from the University of Michigan, Harvard's China Area Program, and Columbia (Sociology), has been an academic in the US and overseas, a Foreign Service Officer with USAID (including a tour in Yemen in the late 1980s), consultant on various international challenges, and published widely on a variety of topics (most recently in MIT's Journal of Interdisciplinary History). He is retired, living in Brookline, Massachusetts and an active leader and member in Harvard's Institute for Learning in Retirement, “Yemen: Testing a New Coordinated Approach to Preventive Counterinsurgency”, Small Wars Foundation, August 1, 2011, LEQ)

  An American-designed strategy … for Learning in Retirement.

   

  AQAP will use WMD – even if they don’t have the weapons, it’s perceived as nuclear

  Kimery 11 – Homeland Security Today's senior reporter and online editor (Anthony, W. Scott Malone, multiple Emmy and Peabody award-winning investigative journalist and former senior editor of NavySEALs.com. He runs the website's counterterrorism newsletter spin-off, “BlackNET Intelligence Channel,” 05/12, “Al Qaeda Could Try to Replicate Fukushima-type Meltdowns,” http://www.hstoday.us/blogs/the-kimery-report/blog/al-qaeda-could-try-to-replicate-fukushima-type-meltdowns/aa96292934d83bb8c9f97fd9d685f32b.html)

  "I consider Al Qaeda, … remains intense,” Lopez said.

   

  That escalates to nuclear war with Russia and China – guarantees extinction

  Ayson 10 - Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington (Robert, “After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects,” Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, Vol. 33, Iss. 7, July, InformaWorld)

  Washington’s early response to … even on their sovereignty.

   

  Even a slight strengthening of al-Qaeda in Yemen will cause terrorist control of the Gulf of Aden – collapses global trade

  Yuriditsky 11 – Associate of the Institute for Gulf Affairs (Lev, 09/28, “Yemen's Chaos - August 2011,” http://yuriditsky.blogspot.com/2011/09/yemens-chaos-august-2011.html)

  Towards the end of … a particularly challenging situation.

   

  That triggers multiple extinction scenarios

  Panzner 8 – faculty at the New York Institute of Finance, 25-year veteran of the global stock, bond, and currency markets who has worked in New York and London for HSBC, Soros Funds, ABN Amro, Dresdner Bank, and JPMorgan Chase (Michael, “Financial Armageddon: Protect Your Future from Economic Collapse,” p. 136-138)

  Continuing calls for curbs … a new world war.

   

  Contention 3 – Water Wars

   

  Earth is running dangerously low on H2O – water conflict will break out in Yemen – spills over regionally

  Al-Jazeera 11 (06/29, “Water wars: 21st century conflicts?” http://english.aljazeera.net/indepth/features/2011/06/2011622193147231653.html)

  Of all the water … 'water from a well'."

   

  That causes nuclear war between India and Pakistan

  Bokhari 10 – assistant editor at Dawn (Ashfak, 01/18, “Water dispute and war risk,” http://archives.dawn.com/archives/24980)

  In March last year, … nuclear war,” he said.

   

  The impact is extinction

  Robock 10 – Professor of Meteorology and Associate Director of the Center for Environmental Prediction in the Department of Environmental Sciences at Rutgers University (Alan, Owen Brian Toon, professor of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences and a fellow at the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics at the University of Colorado, January, “Local Nuclear War, Global Suffering,” climate.envsci.rutgers.edu/pdf/RobockToonSciAmJan2010.pdf)

  Some people maintain that … or eliminate agricultural production.

   

  Water wars quickly escalate to great power wars – your defense doesn’t apply

  Rasmussen 11 – CEO, Monday Morning; Founder, Green Growth Leaders, founder of the Copenhagen Climate Council (Erik, 04/12, “Prepare for the Next Conflict: Water Wars,” http://www.huffingtonpost.com/erik-rasmussen/water-wars_b_844101.html)

  For years experts have … a global safety problem.

   

  Water is the most probable source of global conflict – solving Yemen is key

  Rasmussen 11 – CEO, Monday Morning; Founder, Green Growth Leaders, founder of the Copenhagen Climate Council (Erik, 04/12, “Prepare for the Next Conflict: Water Wars,” http://www.huffingtonpost.com/erik-rasmussen/water-wars_b_844101.html)

  This water paradox illustrates … in a few years.

   

  Plan solves – it’s a pre-requisite to effective water projects and U.S. hydro-diplomacy – prevents Middle East war

  Bohn 10 – Fulbright fellow and multimedia journalist (Lauren E., 06/15, “Yemen's water: a different national security threat,” http://nationalsecurityzone.org/site/yemens-water-a-different-national-security-threat/)

  And experts claim the … next big ugly battle.”

   

  Middle East war over water is highly probable – only hydro-diplomacy fosters sustainable peace and broad cooperation

  Chernick 9 – Editor at Green Prophet, green news on the Middle East region (Karen, 11/10, “’Hydro-Diplomacy’ : Can Water Bring Peace to the Middle East?” http://www.greenprophet.com/2009/11/hydro-diplomacy-middle-east/)

  Which is why the … in the Middle East.”

   

  The impact is extinction

  Hoffmann 6 (Ian, Staff Writer, December 12, “Nuclear Winter Looms, Experts say”, MediaNews Group, Inc. and ANG Newspapers, Cites the American Geophysical Union)

  SAN FRANCISCO -- With superpower … according to Rutgers' Robock.

   

  Contention 4 – Hegemony

   

  The international community specifically views our strategy in Yemen as military tunnel vision – Increasing civil capacity is key to reverse this perception

  Bodine 11 (Barbara K. Bodine, Ambassador (Ret.) Barbara K. Bodine is Lecturer and Diplomat-in-Residence at Princeton University’s Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs. She was U.S. Ambassador to the Republic of Yemen from 1997 through 2001, “Yemen: Primer and Prescriptions”, , September 6, 2011, LEQ)

  To focus disproportionately on … can be guaranteed. PRISM

   

  Heg will collapse absent a shift away from aggression-based counterterrorism

  Fakiolas and Fakiolas 7 (Efstathios T - PhD from the Department of War Studies, King's College London, and is currently working as a strategy and southeastern European affairs analyst at ATEbank, Tassos E - PhD from IMEMO, Moscow, Russian Academy of Sciences and is a special adviser on Russian and east European affairs for a Greek business firm, "Pax Americana or Multilateralism? Reflecting on the United States' Grand Strategic Vision of Hegemony in the Wake of the 11 September Attacks," Muse) jl

  After the 9/11 bombings, … power, is another story.

   

  The impact is global nuclear war

  Arbatov 7 - corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, member of the Editorial Board of Russia in Global Affairs (Alexei, July/Sept, “Is a New Cold War Imminent?” http://eng.globalaffairs.ru/number/n_9127)

  A multipolar world that … nuclear strikes between them.

   

  Multilateral cooperation solves extinction

  Dyer 4 – Ph.D. in military and Middle Eastern history from the University of London. He served in the Canadian, American and British navies, and taught military history and war studies at the Canadian Forces College and at the Royal Military Academy. From there, Dyer worked as a freelance journalist, broadcaster and lecturer. His syndicated columns on international affairs appear in a dozen languages in nearly 200 newspapers published in more than 45 countries around the world. He has also made several well-known radio documentaries. In 2010, Dyer was appointed to the Order of Canada for his contributions as a columnist, documentary producer, broadcaster and author. (Gwynne, 12/30, “The end of war,” Lexis)

  War is deeply embedded … basically co-operative international system.

  
  
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A2: No AQAP Threat

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• Al-Qaeda in Yemen is an international threat – only the plan solves

  Boucek 11/1 – associate in the Middle East Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (Christopher, “Evolution of al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula,” http://www.carnegieendowment.org/2011/11/01/evolution-of-al-qaeda-in-arabian-peninsula/6hmg)

  Since its creation in … for all Yemenis improve.

  
  
• 
  
  

A2: Awlaki's Death

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• Awlaki’s death has no effect on AQAP –

   

  a. No leadership role

  Zelin 11 – Research Associate in the Department of Politics, Brandeis University (Aaron, 09/30, “Anwar al-Awlaki: Who was he?” http://matisak.wordpress.com/2011/09/30/anwar-al-awlaki-who-was-he/)

  1. Prior to the Fort … effect anything in Yemen.

   

  b. Other leaders solve

  Van Hoven 11 – International Business Times (Jason, 9/30, "Anwar al-Awlaki of al-Qaeda Killed in Yemen," )

  Ben Venzke, who heads … the U.S. are expected."

   

  Awlaki’s death just means AQAP will strike sooner and harder

  Kohlmann 11 – independent U.S. terrorism consultant (Evan, 09/30, “Analysts view: Spotlight on Awlaki killing,” http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/44731274/ns/world_news-mideast_n_africa/#.ToXsp-znOVo)

  "It's a big deal, … of its military capabilities."

  
  
• 
  
  

Africa Stability Add-On

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• Plan reinvigorates U.S. commitment to police development abroad

  Downie and Cooke 11 [Richard Downie and Jennifer G. Cooke, “A More Strategic U.S. Approach to Police Reform in Africa”, CSIS, April 2011, ]

  Engage Congress. Articulating a … against human rights abuses.

   

  Key to African stability

  Downie and Cooke 11 [Richard Downie and Jennifer G. Cooke, “A More Strategic U.S. Approach to Police Reform in Africa”, CSIS, April 2011, ]

  The police are one … and serve their people.

   

  Escalates to WMD use

  Lancaster 00 [Carol, Associate Professor and Director of the Master's of Science in Foreign Service program at Georgetown University, Foreign Affairs, October, 2000)]

  THE MOST BASIC CHALLENGE … more dangerous than ever.

  
  
• 
  
  

Heg Add-On

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• AQAP attacks cause intervention, crushing heg

  Terrill 11 [Dr. W. Andrew Terrill is a research professor at the U.S. Army War College, Carlisle Barracks PA, “Preventing Yemen from Becoming Fallujah”, November 1, 2010, http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/index.cfm/articles/Preventing-Yemen-from-Becoming-Fallujah/2010/11/1]

  In the rapidly mutating … beyond al Qaeda sympathizers.

   

  That causes nuclear war

  Arbatov 7 - corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, member of the Editorial Board of Russia in Global Affairs (Alexei, July/Sept, “Is a New Cold War Imminent?” http://eng.globalaffairs.ru/number/n_9127)

  A multipolar world that … nuclear strikes between them.

  
  
• 
  
  

Hydro-Diplomacy Add-On

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• Hydro-diplomacy suppresses all conflict escalation

  Dabelko 6 – Ph.D., DIRECTOR, ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE AND SECURITY PROJECT (Geoffrey, “THE GLOBAL WATER CRISIS: EVALUATING U.S. STRATEGIES TO ENHANCE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER AND SANITATION,” http://commdocs.house.gov/committees/intlrel/hfa22262.000/hfa22262_0f.htm)

  Not only can cooperative … the reemergence of conflict.

  
  
• 
  
  

Amazon Add-On

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• Nuclear power is key to the Amazon

  Lovelock 4 – Honorary Visiting Fellow of Green Templeton College at Oxford, He has been awarded a number of prestigious prizes including the Tswett Medal (1975), an ACS chromatography award (1980), the WMO Norbert Gerbier Prize (1988), the Dr A.H. Heineken Prize for the Environment (1990) and the RGS Discovery Lifetime award (2001). In 2006 he received the Wollaston Medal, the Geological Society's highest Award, whose previous recipients include Charles Darwin. He became a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1990, and a Companion of Honour in 2003.  (James, 05/24, “Nuclear power is the only green solution,” http://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/james-lovelock-nuclear-power-is-the-only-green-solution-564446.html)

  Not only the Arctic … by our outraged planet.

   

  That solves extinction

  Takacs 96 - associate professor in the Department of Earth Systems Science & Policy at Cal State (David, “The Idea of Biodiversity: Philosophies of Paradise,” p. 200-201)

  So biodiversity keeps the … bang but a whimper.14

  
  
• 
  
  

Economy Add-On

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• Even an unsuccessful reactor attack kills the global economy – investor confidence

  Kimery 11 – Homeland Security Today's senior reporter and online editor (Anthony, W. Scott Malone, multiple Emmy and Peabody award-winning investigative journalist and former senior editor of NavySEALs.com. He runs the website's counterterrorism newsletter spin-off, “BlackNET Intelligence Channel,” 05/12, “Al Qaeda Could Try to Replicate Fukushima-type Meltdowns,” http://www.hstoday.us/blogs/the-kimery-report/blog/al-qaeda-could-try-to-replicate-fukushima-type-meltdowns/aa96292934d83bb8c9f97fd9d685f32b.html)

  But "even if [an] … the West’s economic strength.”

   

  That triggers nuclear wars

  Friedberg 8 – professor of politics and international relations at Princeton University's Woodrow Wilson School (Aaron, Gabriel Schoenfeld, senior editor of Commentary, is a visiting scholar at the Witherspoon Institute, 10/21, “The Dangers of a Diminished America,” http://online.wsj.com/article/SB122455074012352571.html)

  Then there are the … moment of maximum vulnerability.

  
  
• 
  
  

Horn of Africa Add-On

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• Yemen instability spills over to the Horn of Africa

  Ginny Hill, “Yemen: Fear of Failure; Middle East and North Africa Programme”, Chatham House, January 2010, http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/22924953ECE8BBF1492576EA000E8E41-Full_Report.pdf

  Future instability in Yemen … the Horn of Africa

   

  Causes major power wars

  Glick 7 (Dec. 10, 2007 Caroline Glick , THE JERUSALEM POST)

  The Horn of Africa … Chinese and 65 Ethiopians.

  
  
• 
  
  

Water Add-On

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• Plan solves Yemeni water shortage

  Noaman 10 – head of the civil engineering department at the faculty of engineering, the University of Sana’a, studied for a PhD in Germany in water resources management, quoted many times in local and international press as an expert on water issues in Yemen (Abdullah Abdulqadr, 11/01, “Water management expert Dr. Abdullah Noaman to the Yemen Times: ‘Yemen should try to benefit from the experience of other countries.’” http://reliefweb.int/taxonomy/term/255/pdf?sl=environment-term_listing%25252Ctaxonomy_index_tid_source-2539)

  Yemen should also try … power of local ‘influentials.’

   

  That causes social collapse and water wars, which spillover to Saudi Arabia

  Brown 11 – Founder and President of the Earth Policy Institute (Lester, 04/22, “This will be the Arab world's next battle,” http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2011/apr/22/water-the-next-arab-battle)

  Yemen, with one of … border with Saudi Arabia.

   

  The impact is extinction

  Benn 11 – diplomatic editor of Ha'aretz (Aluf, 04/17, “From Twitter to Tura prison,” http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/features/from-twitter-to-tura-prison-1.356341)

  Friedman's bewilderment reflects the … for power and control.

  
  
• 
  
  

Korea War Add-On

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• Saudi collapse causes North Korean brinkmanship

  Cedoz 3 – Vice President and Co-Founder of Global Water & Energy Strategy Team (Frederick, 09/13, “South Korea: A Ticking Energy Time Bomb,” www.gwest.net/pdfs/first/fesept03.pdf)

  Much has been made … occur in South Korea.

   

  That causes war and extinction

  Hayes and Green 10 - *Victoria University AND **Executive Director of the Nautilus Institute (Peter and Michael, “-“The Path Not Taken, the Way Still Open: Denuclearizing the Korean Peninsula and Northeast Asia”, 1/5, http://www.nautilus.org/fora/security/10001HayesHamalGreen.pdf)

  The consequences of failing … from the international community.

  
  
• 
  
  

Russia Expansionism Add-On

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• Saudi collapse causes Russian expansionism

  Cedoz 3 – Vice President and Co-Founder of Global Water & Energy Strategy Team (Frederick, 09/13, “South Korea: A Ticking Energy Time Bomb,” www.gwest.net/pdfs/first/fesept03.pdf)

  Much has been made … presence in the region.

   

  Russian expansionism causes WMD conflicts

  Cohen 96 – Research Fellow in the Kathryn and Shelby Cullom Davis Institute for International Studies at The Heritage Foundation, 1996

  The main threat to … and the Middle East.

  
  
• 
  
  

Environment Add-On

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• Terrorists will attack our rail systems – that kills political will for high-speed rail

  PJStar, “Our View: Rail safety must be larger priority for U.S.”, May 13, 2011,

  Reports out of Pakistan … part of this discussion.

   

  Key to solve warming and the environment – the impact is extinction

  Climate Avenue, “A New Era Of High Speed Rail Development”, March 17, 2011,

  Global warming and unsustainable … the Tibet-Qinghai HSR. 

  
  
• 
  
  

T – Democracy Assistance

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• Counter interpretation – democracy assistance includes aid for rule of law, civil society, elections and good governance

  McMahon 2 -Director, Center on Democratic Performance Department of Political Science Binghamton University-2 The Impact of U.S. Democracy and Governance Assistance in Africa: Benin Case Study 

  http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PCAAB068.pdf

  U.S. Democracy Assistance Donor … result of U.S. assistance.

   

  We meet – technical assistance is democracy assistance

  Huber 8 Jerusalem IR professor, (Daniela, “Democracy Assistance in the Middle East and North Africa: A Comparison of US and EU Policies”, Mediterranean Politics, Vol. 13, No. 1, March, ebsco, ldg)

  The term democracy assistance … more than electoral assistance.

  
  
• 
  
  

Courts CP

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• Perm – do both – solves the link to politics

  Garrett and Stutz 5 – Dallas Morning News (Robert T. and Terrence, 08/19, “Legislature Adjourns Special Session,” http://texasedequity.blogspot.com/2005/08/legislature-adjourns-special-session.html)

  A court finding against … their hands are tied."

   

  No solvency –

   

  a. Agencies won’t enforce

  Widman 10 – Legal Director, Center for Justice & Democracy (Amy, Fall, “Advancing Federalism Concerns in Administrative Law Through a Revitalization of State Enforcement Powers: A Case Study of the Consumer Product Safety and Improvement Act of 2008,” 29 Yale L. & Pol'y Rev. 165, Lexis)

  A failure to draft … use the state's resources.

   

  b. The Court will roll back liberal decisions in the future

  Sherman 11 – Associated Press (Mark, 07/03, “Justice Ginsburg’s future plans closely watched,” Lexis)

  Democrats and liberals have … rights and affirmative action.

   

  Counterplan links to politics

  Harrison 5 – Lecturer in Law, University of Miami Law School and Stephen I. Vladeck, Associate Professor of Law at the University Of Miami School Of Law (Lindsay, 11/18, “Does the Court Act as "Political Cover" for the Other Branches?” http://permalink.gmane.org/gmane.education.region.usa.edebate/648)

  While the Supreme Court … attention of the public.

  
  
• 
  
  

Executive Order CP

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• XO’s aren’t durable – and court overrules

  Rodgers 1 (William H. Rodgers Jr., Professor of Environmental Law, University of Washington, 2001 (“Executive Orders and Presidential Commands: Presidents Riding to the Rescue of the Environment – Journal of Land, Resources, & Environmental Law) p. lexis

  Despite its advantages, the … offense to constitutional boundaries.

   

  Congress and courts overrule

  Howell 5 (Unilateral Powers: A Brief Overview William G Howell. Presidential Studies Quarterly. Washington: Sep 2005. Vol. 35, Iss. 3; pg. 417, 23 pgs William G. Howell is associate professor of government at Harvard University and the author of Power without Persuasion: The Politics of Direct Presidential Action. He has written a variety of papers on presidential power, political institutions, and education politics and policy. He is currently finishing a book on congressional checks on presidential war powers.

  Plainly, presidents cannot institute … not act at all.

   

  Bureaucrats block

  Howell 3 (William Howell, Assistant Professor of Government, Harvard University, 2003 (Power Without Persuasion: The Politics of Direct Presidential Action) p. 21

  Much can happen between … support of their subordinates.

   

  Links to politics--reactions to orders no different than legislation—opinions won’t change and Congress will still backlash

  Moe and Howell 99 (Terry M. Moe and William G. Howell, Stanford political science professor and Hoover Institution fellow and PhD. student, Presidential Studies Quarterly, Vol. 29, No. 4, Dec, pp. 850-872, http://www.jstor.org/stable/27552053)

  Congress is made up … institutional power very effectively.

   

  Congress can block president with funding—appropriations are key to policy success

  Moe and Howell 99 (Terry M. Moe and William G. Howell, Stanford political science professor and Hoover Institution fellow and PhD. student, Presidential Studies Quarterly, Vol. 29, No. 4, Dec, pp. 850-872, http://www.jstor.org/stable/27552053)

  Constituency and the corresponding … presidents want to do.

   

  And that creates unique circumstances for congress to overrule the CP—assumes their defense

  Bedell 99 (Robert, former Office of Management and Budget Deputy and Acting General Counsel, FEDERAL NEWS SERVICE, October 27, p. online.)               

  With regard to the … to deal with it.

                                                                                                                                                                         

  Courts will also act to strike down the XO, even if it isn’t expressly illegal—they can’t say from where specific power would be derived

  Cooper 2, (Phillip, Gund Professor of Liberal Arts, University of Vermont, receiver of Charles A Levin Award from the American Society for Public Administration, By Order of the President: The Use and Abuse of Executive Direct Action, p. 77)

  Despite the apparent deference … of admittedly legitimate decrees.

  
  
• 
  
  

Drones CP

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• (% class="MsoNormal" %) **Perm – do both – only way to solve – the counterplan alone relies on bad intel, driving recruits into AQAP and wiping out tactical gains** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **Gude 11**(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %) – Managing Director of the National Security and International Policy Program (Ken, 06/14, “Misfiring at Al Qaeda in Yemen,” http:~/~/www.americanprogress.org/issues/2011/06/yemen_drones.html) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 8pt;" %)The Wall Street Journal … already (% style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% aqua;" %)__serious problem worse.__ (% class="MsoNormal" %) **~ ** (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: ~"Times New Roman~",~"serif~";" %)**AQAP has __adapted__ and can survive consistant bombings** (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: ~"Times New Roman~",~"serif~";" %)Matt (% style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: ~"Times New Roman~",~"serif~"; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% aqua;" %)**Apuzzo**(% style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: ~"Times New Roman~",~"serif~";" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: ~"Times New Roman~",~"serif~";" %)**and**(% style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: ~"Times New Roman~",~"serif~";" %) Adam (% style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: ~"Times New Roman~",~"serif~";" %)**Goldman**(% style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: ~"Times New Roman~",~"serif~";" %), “Al-Qaeda In Yemen Adapts To Evade U.S.” 04/16/(% style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: ~"Times New Roman~",~"serif~";" %)**20**(% style="font-size: 12pt; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% aqua;" %)**11**(% style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: ~"Times New Roman~",~"serif~";" %) http:~/~/www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/04/16/al-qaeda-yemen-us-_n_850072.html (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: ~"Times New Roman~",~"serif~";" %)WASHINGTON ~-~- On Christmas Eve …(% style="font-family: ~"Times New Roman~",~"serif~"; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% lime;" %)__ adapt__(% style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: ~"Times New Roman~",~"serif~";" %) to new freedom. (% class="MsoNormal" %) **~ ** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **The counterplan creates terrorists and causes anti-Americanism backlash** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **Almasmari 11**(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %) – publisher and editor-in-chief of Yemen Post Newspaper (Hakim, 06/15, “US makes a drone attack a day in Yemen,” http:~/~/www.thenational.ae/news/worldwide/middle-east/us-makes-a-drone-attack-a-day-in-yemen?pageCount=0) (% class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;" %) (% style="font-size: 8pt;" %)The Yemen defence official, …(% style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% aqua;" %)__ sympathy for al Qa'eda.__ (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 8pt;" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) **Drones kill terrorists before we can gain intelligence from them, which is key to prevent future attacks** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **Gottlieb 10**(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %) (% style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol;" %)-(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %) former policy adviser to two United States senators, foreign policy and counterterrorism professor at Yale and Columbia (Stuart, 05/12, “Strikes by Drones: Better to Capture Than to Kill?” http:~/~/www.nytimes.com/2010/05/13/opinion/l13drone.html) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 8pt;" %)In “Where To From …(% style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% aqua;" %)__ rather than execut__(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %)ing (% style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% aqua;" %)__them.__ (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) **Insurgents hack video feeds from drones, undermining their effectiveness** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **Gorman et al 9**(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %) – national intelligence correspondent for the Wall Street Journal (Siobhan, Yochi J. Dreazen, military correspondent, August Cole, defense industry reporter, 12/17, “Insurgents Hack U.S. Drones,” http:~/~/online.wsj.com/article/SB126102247889095011.html) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 8pt;" %)WASHINGTON ~-~- (% style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% aqua;" %)__Militants__(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %) in Iraq … military, and with allies.

  
  
• 
  
  

EU CP

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: ~"Cambria~",~"serif~";" %)**Official US action is key to //__brand__// the plan: key to solvency** (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: ~"Cambria~",~"serif~"; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(153, 255, 102);" %)**LORD 9**(% style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: ~"Cambria~",~"serif~";" %) (Dr. Kristin M., Vice President and Director of Studies at the Center for a New American Security, Congressional Testimony, “flag on the bag? Branding foreign assistance and the struggle against violent extremism,” http:~/~/kms1.isn.ethz.ch/serviceengine/Files/ISN/122356/ipublicationdocument_singledocument/f3771ca0-79ff-4846-be86-4c282167962d/en/Flag+on+the+Bag,+Branding+Foreign+Assistance+and+the+Struggle+Against+Violent+Extremism,+Kristin+Lord+HASC+Testimony.pdf) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: ~"Cambria~",~"serif~";" %)It is also sustained … because of that assistance. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: ~"Cambria~",~"serif~";" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-family: ~"Calibri~",~"sans-serif~";" %)**U.S. action is key – only way to reverse anti-American sentiment** (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-family: ~"Calibri~",~"sans-serif~";" %)**Green 11**(% style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: ~"Calibri~",~"sans-serif~";" %) (Daniel Green, Soref fellow at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy,(% style="font-family: ~"Calibri~",~"sans-serif~";" %) focusing on Yemen, al-Qaeda, counterinsurgency, and stability operations, “The American Moment in Yemen”, (%%), April 18, 2011, LEQ) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: ~"Calibri~",~"sans-serif~";" %)It is becoming increasingly …(% style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: ~"Calibri~",~"sans-serif~"; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% lime;" %)**__ against the United States.__** (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: ~"Times New Roman~",~"serif~";" %)** ** (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: ~"Times New Roman~",~"serif~";" %)**EU doesn’t solve – administrave hurdles, opposing interests, and chain of command issues ensure the counterplan fails** (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: ~"Times New Roman~",~"serif~";" %)**Patz 10**(% style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: ~"Times New Roman~",~"serif~";" %) [Ronny Patz, “Journalistic: Does EU democracy assistance fail?”, 8 November 2010, http:~/~/polscieu.ideasoneurope.eu/2010/11/08/journal-istic-does-eu-democracy-assistance-fail/] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: ~"Times New Roman~",~"serif~"; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% lime;" %)__[I]n democracy assistance the __(% style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: ~"Times New Roman~",~"serif~";" %)__…__(% style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: ~"Times New Roman~",~"serif~";" %) particular in its neighbourhood. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: ~"Times New Roman~",~"serif~";" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: ~"Times New Roman~",~"serif~";" %)**EU can’t solve intelligence cooperation or effective terrorism training** (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: ~"Times New Roman~",~"serif~";" %)**Muller-Wille 8**(% style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: ~"Times New Roman~",~"serif~";" %) [Björn Müller-Wille, Department of Defence and International Affairs, “The Effect of International Terrorism on EU Intelligence Co-operation”, JCMS 2008 Volume 46. Number 1. pp. 49–71, http:~/~/content.ebscohost.com/pdf19_22/pdf/2008/CMS/01Jan08/27785359.pdf?T=P&P=AN&K=27785359&S=R&D=bth&EbscoContent=dGJyMNXb4kSep7I40dvuOLCmr0mep7ZSs6e4S7WWxWXS&ContentCustomer=dGJyMPGutk2xrbNNuePfgeyx44Dt6fIA] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: ~"Times New Roman~",~"serif~"; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% lime;" %)__International terrorism seems to __(% style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: ~"Times New Roman~",~"serif~";" %)__…__(% style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: ~"Times New Roman~",~"serif~";" %) to the terrorist threat.

  
  
• 
  
  

EU-NED CP

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: ~"Times New Roman~",~"serif~";" %)**NED not seen as an extension of the US – no one knows them** (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: ~"Times New Roman~",~"serif~";" %)**Kausch 10**(% style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: ~"Times New Roman~",~"serif~";" %). [Kristina, Researcher at FRIDE, “Assessing Democracy Assistance: Egypt” FRIDE, a European think tank for global action ~-~- May] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: ~"Times New Roman~",~"serif~";" %)Often, impact potential was … presence in the country. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: ~"Cambria~",~"serif~";" %)** ** (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: ~"Cambria~",~"serif~";" %)**Official US action is key to //__brand__// the plan: key to solvency** (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: ~"Cambria~",~"serif~"; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(153, 255, 102);" %)**LORD 9**(% style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: ~"Cambria~",~"serif~";" %) (Dr. Kristin M., Vice President and Director of Studies at the Center for a New American Security, Congressional Testimony, “flag on the bag? Branding foreign assistance and the struggle against violent extremism,” http:~/~/kms1.isn.ethz.ch/serviceengine/Files/ISN/122356/ipublicationdocument_singledocument/f3771ca0-79ff-4846-be86-4c282167962d/en/Flag+on+the+Bag,+Branding+Foreign+Assistance+and+the+Struggle+Against+Violent+Extremism,+Kristin+Lord+HASC+Testimony.pdf) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: ~"Cambria~",~"serif~";" %)It is also sustained … because of that assistance. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: ~"Times New Roman~",~"serif~";" %)** ** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **No solvency –** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **~ ** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **a. Confusing signal** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **Carothers 94**(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %) –(%%) (% style="font-size: 8pt;" %)Senior associate @ Carnegie Endowment and Co-director of its Democracy Project (Thomas, Summer, “The NED at 10,” JSTOR) (% class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;" %) (% style="font-size: 8pt;" %)Nonetheless, (% style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% aqua;" %)__inconsistencies between__(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %) the (%%)__…__(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %) after activities are underway. (% class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;" %) **~ ** (% class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;" %) **b. Hardly seen and misunderstood** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **Carothers 94**(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %) –(%%) (% style="font-size: 8pt;" %)Senior associate @ Carnegie Endowment and Co-director of its Democracy Project (Thomas, Summer, “The NED at 10,” JSTOR) (% class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;" %) (% style="font-size: 8pt;" %)Debate over (% style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% aqua;" %)__the NED __(%%)__…__(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %) productive ground of (% style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% aqua;" %)__substance.__ (% class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;" %) **~ ** (% class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;" %) **c. Special interests coopt** (% class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;" %) **Conry 93**(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %) – Foreign policy analyst @ Cato Institute (Barbara, 11/08, “Loose Cannon: The National Endowment for Democracy,” http:~/~/www.cato.org/pubs/fpbriefs/fpb027.pdf) (% class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;" %) (% style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% aqua;" %)__The N__(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %)ational (% style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% aqua;" %)__E__(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %)ndowment for (% style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% aqua;" %)…__ best and often destructive.__ (% class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;" %) **~ ** (% class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;" %) **d. It inevitably picks winners – fiat doesn’t solve** (% class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;" %) **Conry 93**(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %) – Foreign policy analyst @ Cato Institute (Barbara, 11/08, “Loose Cannon: The National Endowment for Democracy,” http:~/~/www.cato.org/pubs/fpbriefs/fpb027.pdf) (% class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;" %) (% style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% aqua;" %)__It is__(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %) the height … effort to oust Ortega. (% class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;" %) **~ ** (% class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;" %) **e. Distorts cred and causes more backlash than the plan** (% class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;" %) **Conry 93**(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %) – Foreign policy analyst @ Cato Institute (Barbara, 11/08, “Loose Cannon: The National Endowment for Democracy,” http:~/~/www.cato.org/pubs/fpbriefs/fpb027.pdf) (% class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;" %) (% style="font-size: 8pt;" %)The (% style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% aqua;" %)__NED structure__(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %) also (%%)__…__(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %) show" around the world. (% class="MsoNormal" %) **~ ** (% class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;" %) **The counterplan is impossible to implement – also links to politics because Congress can’t see where their money is going** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **Garrett 9**(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %) –(%%) (% style="font-size: 8pt;" %)Senior Fellow for Global Health, CFR (Laurie A., January, “The Future of Foreign Assistance Amid Global Economic and Financial Crisis,” http:~/~/i.cfr.org/content/publications/attachments/Garrett_GlobalHealth_ActionPlan.pdf) (% class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;" %) (% style="font-size: 8pt;" %)Beyond the question of …(% style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% aqua;" %)__ and with what outcomes.__ (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: ~"Times New Roman~",~"serif~";" %)** ** (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: ~"Times New Roman~",~"serif~";" %)**The counterplan gives the recipient government a veto – no solvency.** (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: ~"Times New Roman~",~"serif~";" %)**Youngs 6**. (% style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: ~"Times New Roman~",~"serif~";" %)[Richard, director of the democratisation programme at the Fundación para las Relaciones Internacionales y el Diálogo Exterior (FRIDE) in Madrid, and lecturer at the University of Warwick, “Europe’s flawed approach to Arab democracy” Centre for European Reform ~-~- October ~-~- http:~/~/www.cer.org.uk/sites/default/files/publications/attachments/pdf/2011/essay_youngs_arab_democracy-1423.pdf] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-family: ~"Times New Roman~",~"serif~";" %)**__Strict __**(% style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% aqua;" %)**__funding rules also __**(% style="font-family: ~"Times New Roman~",~"serif~";" %)**__… with Middle E a s t e rn governments.__** (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: ~"Times New Roman~",~"serif~";" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: ~"Times New Roman~",~"serif~";" %)**Backlash to EU policies.** (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: ~"Times New Roman~",~"serif~";" %)**Pace 9**.(% style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: ~"Times New Roman~",~"serif~";" %) [Michelle, Poli Sci and Int’l Studies, Univ. of Birmingham UK, Peter Seeberg, Centre for Contemporary Middle East Studies, Francesco Cavatorta, School of Law and Govt, Dublin City Univ., “The EU’s democratization agenda in the Mediterranean: a critical inside-out approach” Democratization ~-~- Vol 16 No 1, February] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: ~"Times New Roman~",~"serif~";" %)It is our claim …(% style="font-family: ~"Times New Roman~",~"serif~"; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% aqua;" %)**__ reactions from disgruntled groups.__**

  
  
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Funding Tradeoff DA

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• (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt;" %)**Funding has already been allocated for the plan** (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt;" %)**Engelhardt 11**(% style="font-size: 8pt; color: black;" %) – graduated from Yale University and took a Master's degree in Area Studies from Harvard University, where he was a founding member of the Committee of Concerned Asian Scholars (Tom, 04/29 “Hueys Over Yemen,” Lexis) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 8pt; color: black;" %)The recent helicopter deal … parts, among other materiel. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 8pt; color: black;" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt;" %)**State and USAID solve** (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt;" %)**GAO 99**(% style="font-size: 8pt; color: black;" %) [GAO October 13, 1999, “Foreign Assistance: Status of Rule of Law Program Coordination”, Congressional Requesters, United States General Accounting Office, (%%)] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 8pt; color: black;" %)The (% style="color: black; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% aqua;" %)__Congress funds **rule …**__(% style="font-size: 8pt; color: black;" %) U.S. (% style="color: black; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% aqua;" %)**__law enforcement__**__ agencies.__ (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-family: ~"Calibri~",~"sans-serif~";" %)**Fiat means the plan is emergency spending ~-~-- doesn’t trade-off** (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: ~"Calibri~",~"sans-serif~";" %)**Castle 1**(% style="font-family: ~"Calibri~",~"sans-serif~";" %) (% style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: ~"Calibri~",~"sans-serif~";" %)(Representative, March 8, FDCH, Lexis) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 7.5pt; font-family: ~"Times New Roman~",~"serif~"; color: black;" %)Briefly, here is how … the Persian Gulf War).(% style="font-size: 7.5pt; font-family: ~"Calibri~",~"sans-serif~"; color: black;" %)

  
  
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Obama Good DA

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• (% class="MsoNormal" %) **Plan’s massively popular – inaction draws backlash** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **Al-Azaki 10(% style="font-size: 14pt;" %) (%%)**(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %)(Mohammed, "Closely Observing Country's Situation, US Administration to Give Hand to Yemen," YemenPost, April 10, http:~/~/yemenpost.net/Detail123456789.aspx?ID=3&SubID=1177&MainCat=6) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 8pt;" %)The American delegation’s visit …(%%)__ and depleting oil reservoirs__ (% class="MsoNormal" %) **~ ** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **Obama doesn’t push the plan** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **McFaul 5** [Michael, Professor of Political Science at Stanford, “What Democracy Assistance Is ... and Is Not” Hoover Institute, 1-30-05 ] (% class="MsoNormal" %) Do these American democracy … in many countries today. (% class="MsoNormal" %) **~ ** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **No consistent agenda leadership** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **Rutledge 10**(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %) – Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of West Georgia (Paul, January, “Public Priorities, News Stories, and Institutional Agendas: The Interplay between Public Concerns and Presidential, Congressional, and Media Policy Agendas,” http:~/~/citation.allacademic.com~/~/meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/3/9/6/4/0/pages396408/p396408-29.php) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 8pt;" %)In this paper, (% style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% aqua;" %)__we __(%%)__…__(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %) his relations with (% style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% aqua;" %)__Congress.__ (% class="MsoNormal" %) **~ ** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **PC fails** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **Palermo 11**(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %) –(% style="font-family: ~"Calibri~",~"sans-serif~";" %) (% style="font-size: 8pt;" %)Associate Professor of American History at California State University, Sacramento (Joseph A., 09/15, “A President Standing in Quicksand,” http:~/~/josephapalermo.com/?p=288) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 8pt;" %)It was never a … (% style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% aqua;" %)**__he’s standing in quicksand__**__.__

  
  
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Saudi Relations DA

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• (% class="MsoNormal" %) **Relations are low for multiple reasons – the plan is the sole area for renewed coopertion** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **Finn 10/22**(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %) –(%%) (% style="font-size: 8pt;" %)National Security correspondent for The Washington Post (Peter, “Saudi crown prince’s death sparks succession talk,” http:~/~/www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/saudi-crown-princes-death-sparks-succession-talk/2011/10/22/gIQAsomQ7L_story.html) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 8pt;" %)Middle East (% style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% aqua;" %)__experts said__(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %)__ __… hard to reverse that.” (% class="MsoNormal" %) **~ ** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **Relations low, but the Saudis will never sever them completely – they’ll just shift to other countries – solves the impact** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **World Tribune 10/21**(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %) – the only American newspaper that focuses on international news, supplemented by exclusive intelligence reports on Geostrategy (“Is Saudia Arabia next?” http:~/~/wakeupfromyourslumber.com/news/saudia-arabia-next) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 8pt;" %)WASHINGTON — The (% style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% aqua;" %)__Saudi **distrust** __(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %)… and internal (% style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% aqua;" %)__security__(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %) assistance. (% class="MsoNormal" %) **~ ** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **Relations are empirically resilient, multiple alt causes, and Saudi Arabia loves the plan – comparatively outweighs your link** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **Carnegie 11**(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %) – Carnegie Endowment for the International Peace (09/12, “Ten Years After 9/11: Managing U.S.-Saudi Relations,” http:~/~/carnegieendowment.org/2011/09/12/ten-years-after-9-11-managing-u.s.-saudi-relations/4h4m) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 8pt;" %)To examine this question, …(% style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% aqua;" %)__ the region__(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %), Ottaway noted. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 8pt;" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) **No Saudi prolif** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **Lippman 11**(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %) –(%%) (% style="font-size: 8pt;" %)senior adjunct scholar at the Council on Foreign Relations in Washington. His career in journalism at the Washington Post included four years as the Washington Post’s Middle East bureau chief, three years as the Post’s oil and energy reporter and a decade as the newspaper’s national security and diplomatic correspondent, he traveled extensively to Saudi Arabia. He is the author of “Arabian Knight: Colonel Bill Eddy USMC and the Rise of American Power in the Middle East,” “Inside the Mirage: America’s Fragile Partnership with Saudi Arabia,” ” Madeleine Albright and the New American Diplomacy,” ” Understanding Islam, and Egypt After Nasser”. A writer and journalist specializing in U.S. foreign policy and Middle Eastern affairs (Thomas W., 08/05, “Saudi Arabia’s Nuclear Policy,” http:~/~/www.susris.com/2011/08/05/saudi-arabia%E2%80%99s-nuclear-policy-lippman/) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% aqua;" %)__It is **highly unlikely**__(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %), … (% style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% aqua;" %)__w__(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %)eapons of (% style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% aqua;" %)__m__(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %)ass (% style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% aqua;" %)__d__(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %)estruction.

  
  
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UNT 1AC

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• (% class="MsoNormal" %) **Plan – The United States Federal Government should substantially increase its technical assistance aimed at capacity building for government institutions in Yemen.** (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="text-decoration: none;" %)**__ __** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **__Contention 1 – The Gulf of Aden__** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **~ ** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **Status quo aid to Yemen takes out your disads, but not the aff** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **Shah 12**(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %) – Harvard Model Congress Europe 2012 (Richa, “UNITED STATES HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I TARGETED KILLING AND DRONE STRIKES,” http:~/~/hmceurope.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/House-I_Targeted-Killing-and-Drone-Strikes.pdf) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 8pt;" %)In addition, US officials ... are becoming too frequent. (% class="MsoNormal" %) **~ ** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **Saleh has agreed to transfer power, but government corruption continues – it has given al-Qaeda a safe haven** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **Al-Haj 12/28**(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %) – Associated Press (Ahmed, “Yemen government workers rally against corruption,” http:~/~/www.charlotteobserver.com/2011/12/28/2881419/yemen-government-workers-rally.html) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 8pt;" %)SANAA, (% style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% aqua;" %)__Yemen__(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %) Labor (% style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% aqua;" %)__strikes ...__(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %) line with military regulations. (% class="MsoNormal" %) **~ ** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **Al-Qaeda in Yemen is strengthening like never before** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **Guy 12/21**(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %) – business reporter and technology columnist at the Chicago Sun-Times (Sandra, “’Spectacular’ expansion of Al-Qaeda in Yemen,” http:~/~/www.unmultimedia.org/radio/english/2011/12/%E2%80%9Cspectacular%E2%80%9D-expansion-of-al-qaeda-in-yemen/) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% aqua;" %)__Al-Qaeda insurgents have taken ...__(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %) capital of the south.” (% class="MsoNormal" %) **~ ** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **That means they’ll gain control of the Gulf of Aden – collapses global trade** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **Yuriditsky 11**(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %) –(% style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: ~"Arial~",~"sans-serif~";" %) (% style="font-size: 8pt;" %)Associate of the Institute for Gulf Affairs (Lev, 09/28, “Yemen's Chaos - August 2011,” http:~/~/yuriditsky.blogspot.com/2011/09/yemens-chaos-august-2011.html) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 8pt;" %)Towards the end of (% style="text-decoration: underline;" %)...(% style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% aqua;" %)__ a particularly challenging situation.__ (% class="MsoNormal" %) **~ ** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **Terror over the Gulf of Aden uniquely risks war – no rerouting** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **Maritime Administration 8**(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %) –(%%) (% style="font-size: 8pt;" %)the agency within the U.S. Department of Transportation dealing with waterborne transportation. Its programs promote the use of waterborne transportation and its seamless integration with other segments of the transportation system, and the viability of the U.S. merchant marine. The Maritime Administration works in many areas involving ships and shipping, shipbuilding, port operations, vessel operations, national security, environment, and safety. The Maritime Administration is also charged with maintaining the health of the merchant marine, since commercial mariners, vessels, and intermodal facilities are vital for supporting national security, and so the agency provides support and information for current mariners, extensive support for educating future mariners, and programs to educate America's young people about the vital role the maritime industry plays in the lives of all Americans (11/26, “Economic Impact of Piracy in the Gulf of Aden on Global Trade,” PDF) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 8pt;" %)Over 80 percent of ... much as (% style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% aqua;" %)__$400 million.__(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %)2 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 8pt;" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) **Multiple nuclear wars** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **Panzner 8**(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %) – faculty at the New York Institute of Finance, 25-year veteran of the global stock, bond, and currency markets who has worked in New York and London for HSBC, Soros Funds, ABN Amro, Dresdner Bank, and JPMorgan Chase (Michael, “Financial Armageddon: Protect Your Future from Economic Collapse,” p. 136-138) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 8pt;" %)Continuing calls for (% style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% aqua;" %)__curbs ...__(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %) a new world war. (% class="MsoNormal" %) **~ ** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **__Contention 2 – Water Wars__** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **~ ** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **Earth is running dangerously low on H2O – water conflict will break out in Yemen – spills over regionally** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **Al-Jazeera 11**(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %) (06/29, “Water wars: 21st century conflicts?” http:~/~/english.aljazeera.net/indepth/features/2011/06/2011622193147231653.html) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% aqua;" %)__Of all__(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %) the (% style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% aqua;" %)__water ... 'water__(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %) from a well'." (% class="MsoNormal" %) **~ ** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **That causes nuclear war between India and Pakistan** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **Bokhari 10**(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %) – assistant editor at Dawn (Ashfak, 01/18, “Water dispute and war risk,” http:~/~/archives.dawn.com/archives/24980) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 8pt;" %)In March last year, ... (% style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% aqua;" %)**__nuclear war__**(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %),” he said. (% class="MsoNormal" %) **~ ** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **The impact is huge** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **Robock 10**(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %) –(%%) (% style="font-size: 8pt;" %)Professor of Meteorology and Associate Director of the Center for Environmental Prediction in the Department of Environmental Sciences at Rutgers University (Alan, Owen Brian Toon,(%%) (% style="font-size: 8pt;" %)professor of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences and a fellow at the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics at the University of Colorado, January, “Local Nuclear War, Global Suffering,” climate.envsci.rutgers.edu/pdf/RobockToonSciAmJan2010.pdf) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 8pt;" %)Some people maintain that ... or (% style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% aqua;" %)**__eliminate__**__ agricultural production.__ (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 8pt;" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) **Water wars quickly escalate to great power wars – recent Senate report and experts mean your defense doesn’t apply** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **Rasmussen 11**(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %) – CEO, Monday Morning; Founder, Green Growth Leaders, founder of the Copenhagen Climate Council (Erik, 04/12, “Prepare for the Next Conflict: Water Wars,” http:~/~/www.huffingtonpost.com/erik-rasmussen/water-wars_b_844101.html) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 8pt;" %)For years (% style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% aqua;" %)__experts__(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %) have ... a (% style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% aqua;" %)**__global safety problem__**__.__ (% class="MsoNormal" %) **~ ** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **Water is the most probable source of global conflict – solving Yemen is critical** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **Rasmussen 11**(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %) – CEO, Monday Morning; Founder, Green Growth Leaders, founder of the Copenhagen Climate Council (Erik, 04/12, “Prepare for the Next Conflict: Water Wars,” http:~/~/www.huffingtonpost.com/erik-rasmussen/water-wars_b_844101.html) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 8pt;" %)This water paradox illustrates (% style="font-size: 8pt; text-decoration: underline;" %)...(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %) in a few years. (% class="MsoNormal" %) **~ ** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **The impact is also systemic – failure to respond to water scarcity will mean the collapse of civilization** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **Bell 9**(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %) –(%%) (% style="font-size: 8pt;" %)Research Associate at the David Livingstone Centre for Sustainability. He was a BBC presenter and correspondent who went on to head up policy for the Scottish Nationalist Party (SNP), set up allmediascotland.com and write columns for ­ e Herald. He has been investigating water for two years (Alexander, November, Peak Water: Civilization and the World’s Water Crisis, p. 208) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 8pt;" %)The idea of a (% style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% aqua;" %)__...__(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %) we currently know it. (% class="MsoNormal" %) **~ ** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **The plan’s whole government approach is key to secure Yemen’s water** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **Al Sahwa 9**(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %) –(%%) (% style="font-size: 8pt;" %)A network of warfighters, analysts, and scholars dedicated to critically examining the future of intelligence and irregular warfare, cites Andrew Exum* and Richard Fontain~*~* (11/22, “The Yemen File,” http:~/~/al-sahwa.blogspot.com/2009/11/yemen-file.html) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 8pt;" %)*Fellow and Zachary M. Hosford is a Research Associate at the Center for a New American Security (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 8pt;" %)~*~*(%%) (% style="font-size: 8pt;" %)Senior Advisor and Senior Fellow at the Center for a New American Security (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 8pt;" %)Andrew Exum and Richard ... for military action later. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="text-decoration: none;" %)**__ __** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **Plan solves – it’s a pre-requisite to effective water projects and U.S. hydro-diplomacy** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **Bohn 10**(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %) –(%%) (% style="font-size: 8pt;" %)Fulbright fellow and multimedia journalist (Lauren E., 06/15, “Yemen's water: a different national security threat,” http:~/~/nationalsecurityzone.org/site/yemens-water-a-different-national-security-threat/) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 8pt;" %)And (% style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% aqua;" %)__experts claim__(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %) the ... next big ugly battle.” (% class="MsoNormal" %) **~ ** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **Hydro-diplomacy suppresses all conflict escalation** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **Dabelko 6**(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %) – Ph.D., DIRECTOR, ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE AND SECURITY PROJECT (Geoffrey, “THE GLOBAL WATER CRISIS: EVALUATING U.S. STRATEGIES TO ENHANCE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER AND SANITATION,” http:~/~/commdocs.house.gov/committees/intlrel/hfa22262.000/hfa22262_0f.htm) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% aqua;" %)__Not only can cooperative ... the **reemergence of conflict**.__ (% class="MsoNormal" %) **~ ** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **__Contention 3 – Stability__** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **~ ** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **The Gulf is moving toward stability now, but Yemen threatens that** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **Knickmeyer 12/29 **(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %)–(%%) (% style="font-size: 8pt;" %)former Washington Post Middle East bureau chief and Associated Press Africa bureau chief (Ellen, “Saudi King Calls For Gulf Union To Safeguard Regional Stability,” http:~/~/www.firstenercastfinancial.com/news/story/46369-saudi-king-calls-gulf-union-safeguard-regional-stability) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 8pt;" %)RIYADH (Zawya Dow Jones) ... nations outside the Gulf. (% class="MsoNormal" %) **~ ** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **Economic failings and discontent with government ineffectiveness have undermined stability in Yemen** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **Anderson 11**(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %) – University Lecturer in African Politics and Fellow of St Cross College, University of Oxford, having spent the previous three years as a Research Fellow in African Studies, based at St Antony's College (David, 10/28, “Yemen’s Winter of Discontent,” http:~/~/politicsinspires.org/2011/10/yemens-winter-of-discontent/) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 8pt;" %)AN EMERGING CRISIS But ... to negotiate his position. (% class="MsoNormal" %) **~ ** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **That will push refugees into Saudi Arabia and destabilize Oman** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **BBC 11**(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %) (11/23, “Yemen crisis,” http:~/~/www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-14988945) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% aqua;" %)__The West has been__(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %) ... of a proxy conflict. (% class="MsoNormal" %) **~ ** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **Refugee floods from Yemen will destabilize Saudi Arabia – only scenario for major oil shocks** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **LeVine 11**(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %) – adjunct professor of energy and security at the School of Securities Studies at the Georgetown University School of Foreign Service, contributing editor at Foreign Policy magazine, author of The Oil and the Glory (Steve, 03/21, “Back to Saudi's fault lines,” http:~/~/oilandglory.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2011/03/21/back_to_saudis_fault_lines) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% aqua;" %)__The oil balance is__(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %) ... (% style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% aqua;" %)**__underpin__**__ global price stability.__ (% class="MsoNormal" %) **~ ** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **The impact is great power wars** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **O’Neill 11**(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %) – Associate Director in Natural Resources Group, Institutional Bank (Cameron, June, “Towards The Resources End Game,” http:~/~/www.thecud.com.au/live/content/towards-resources-end-game) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% aqua;" %)__Governments of the world ...__(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %) to yield an alternative. (% class="MsoNormal" %) **~ ** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **Omani instability kills U.S. deployment to the Gulf** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **Katzman 11**(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %) –(%%) (% style="font-size: 8pt;" %)specialist in Middle East affairs for the Congressional Research Service where he provides analysis on Persian Gulf political, military and diplomatic affairs, and on U.S. policy in that region (Kenneth, 10/18, “Oman: Reform, Security, and U.S. Policy,” www.fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RS21534.pdf) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% aqua;" %)__The stakes for__(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %) the ... reserves of crude oil. (% class="MsoNormal" %) **~ ** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **That means widespread Middle East prolif** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **Kattan 11**(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %) – PROSPECT Journal of International Affairs at the University of California, San Diego (Ari, December, “HOW TO CONTAIN IRAN AFTER IT GETS NUCLEAR DETERRENTS,” http:~/~/prospectjournal.ucsd.edu/index.php/2011/12/how-to-contain-iran-after-it-gets-nuclear-deterrents/) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% aqua;" %)__In order to prevent ... against the __(% style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% aqua; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in;" %)__U__(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %)nited (% style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% aqua;" %)__S__(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %)tates. (% class="MsoNormal" %) **~ ** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **The impact is nuclear war** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **Bar 11**(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %) – Director of Studies at the Institute for Policy and Strategy, at the Interdisciplinary Center (IDC) Herzliya. He holds a Ph.D in History of the Middle East from Tel Aviv University. Dr. Bar served in the Israeli intelligence community for thirty years where he held senior analytical, planning, and diplomatic positions, specializing in regional security, Islamic radicalism, and terrorism in the Middle East and East Asia. Dr. Bar has published a number of books and articles focusing on radical Islam, Iranian defense doctrine, Syria, Jordan, and the Palestinians (Shmuel, “Can Cold War Deterrence Apply to a Nuclear Iran?” www.jcpa.org/text/cold_war_deterrence_nuclear_iran.pdf) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 8pt;" %)A nuclear Middle East ... for a first strike. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="text-decoration: none;" %)**__ __** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **__Contention 4 – Solvency__** (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="text-decoration: none;" %)**__ __** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **Technical assistance is key to capacity building in the Yemeni government – this resolves all structural problems with status quo institutions** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **OECD 10** (OECD Joint Learning Study, The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development is a unique forum where the governments of market democracies work together to address the economic, social, environmental and governance challenges of globalisation and development. The provides a setting where governments can compare policy experiences, seek answers to common problems, identify good practices and work to co-ordinate domestic and international policies. The European Commission takes part in the work of the OECD, “Enhancing Integrity in Public Procurement in Yemen”, , September 2, 2010, LEQ) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 8pt;" %)Guiding Principles for Open (% style="font-size: 8pt; text-decoration: underline;" %)...(%%)__ citizens, CSOs and businesses.__ (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="text-decoration: none;" %)__ __ (% class="MsoNormal" %) **Technical assistance aimed at capacity building would create an effective procurement policy for Yemen** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **OECD 10** (OECD Joint Learning Study, The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development is a unique forum where the governments of market democracies work together to address the economic, social, environmental and governance challenges of globalisation and development. The provides a setting where governments can compare policy experiences, seek answers to common problems, identify good practices and work to co-ordinate domestic and international policies. The European Commission takes part in the work of the OECD, “Enhancing Integrity in Public Procurement in Yemen”, , September 2, 2010, LEQ) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 8pt;" %)1.2. Decentralisation, Poverty Reduction and(%%) (% style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% aqua;" %)__...__(% style="font-size: 8pt;" %) in decentralisation and procurement. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="text-decoration: none;" %)__ __ (% class="MsoNormal" %) **They’d go into the public procurement field – there’s a shortage of trained specialists** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **OECD 10** (OECD Joint Learning Study, The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development is a unique forum where the governments of market democracies work together to address the economic, social, environmental and governance challenges of globalisation and development. The provides a setting where governments can compare policy experiences, seek answers to common problems, identify good practices and work to co-ordinate domestic and international policies. The European Commission takes part in the work of the OECD, “Enhancing Integrity in Public Procurement in Yemen”, , September 2, 2010, LEQ) (% class="MsoNormal" %) __Public procurement__ (% style="font-size: 8pt;" %)– from the ... and in local authorities. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) **This training spills over into the economic sector – establishes an effective procurement policy and a stable financial environment for Yemen** (% class="MsoNormal" %) **OECD 10** (OECD Joint Learning Study, The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development is a unique forum where the governments of market democracies work together to address the economic, social, environmental and governance challenges of globalisation and development. The provides a setting where governments can compare policy experiences, seek answers to common problems, identify good practices and work to co-ordinate domestic and international policies. The European Commission takes part in the work of the OECD, “Enhancing Integrity in Public Procurement in Yemen”, , September 2, 2010, LEQ) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 8pt;" %)Invite representatives of the ... useful areas of collaboration. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: ~"Cambria~",~"serif~";" %)** ** (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: ~"Cambria~",~"serif~";" %)**Official US action is key to //__brand__// the plan: key to solvency** (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: ~"Cambria~",~"serif~"; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(153, 255, 102);" %)**LORD 9**(% style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: ~"Cambria~",~"serif~";" %) (Dr. Kristin M., Vice President and Director of Studies at the Center for a New American Security, Congressional Testimony, “flag on the bag? Branding foreign assistance and the struggle against violent extremism,” http:~/~/kms1.isn.ethz.ch/serviceengine/Files/ISN/122356/ipublicationdocument_singledocument/f3771ca0-79ff-4846-be86-4c282167962d/en/Flag+on+the+Bag,+Branding+Foreign+Assistance+and+the+Struggle+Against+Violent+Extremism,+Kristin+Lord+HASC+Testimony.pdf) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: ~"Cambria~",~"serif~";" %)It is also sustained .... because of that assistance.

  
  
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