[COUNTERPLAN HAD A TON OF PLANKS THAT DEMAND PRISONER RELEASE, RIGHT TO PROTEST, ETC, OR US WILL WITHDRAW SUPPORT…OR SOMETHING]

The CP sends the right message and is a good starting point

Washington Post 9-29http:www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/arms-sales-to-repressive-bahrain-misplaced/2011/09/29/gIQASnhH8K_story.html

This month the Pentagon notified Congress of a
AND
package would be a good way to start.

Over a dozen human rights organizations support the CP and realize it’s critical for US democracy credibility in the Middle East.  The CP is a rejection of security interests as more important than political reforms

Project on Middle Eastern Democracy 9-28 http://pomed.org/blog/2011/09/pomed-and-ngos-urge-immediate-action-on-proposed-u-s-bahrain-arms-deal.html/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+POMED_blog+%28Project+on+Middle+East+Democracy+Blog%29
In response to the recently proposed arms deal
AND
the United States and its presence in Bahrain.

Net Benefits

ELITE PEACE:  the aff’s generic conflict resolution devalues the knowledge of the subaltern - allowing those who are officially recognized to speak for a vast number of people

SCHEHR & MILOVANOVIC 99 Robert C.,Asst Prof Criminal Justice,  U of Illinois-Springfield and Dragan, Prof Criminal Justice, Sociology, & Social Work, Northeastern Illinois U, “Conflict mediation and the postmodern,” Social Justice, Spring, p. 208+

The second tension in the conventional literature is
AND
discussion of matters of interest to the subaltern.

Criticizing the underlying epistemology of the aff is critical issue for academics

Richmond 1, Pf of Intl Relations, U of St. Andrews, Oliver P., Alternatives, July-Sept, v 26

It must be recognized that peace operations,
AND
identity claims, and human-security issues.

EU is uniquely suited to solve: proximity, diplomatic ties, commercial connections and large aid budgets.  
Carothers, ’11 [Thomas (Foreign Policy), 3/10, Carnegie Endowment]
"Europe Has a Major Role...will be the rub.

1NC vs. Literacy Through Poetry 1AC

Focusing on Yemeni women’s performative resistance is a sham - it is overly focused on protest for the sake of protest rather than a concrete goal like overthrowing capitalism. Their performance will become commodified into another consumer activity that provides mindless entertainment.

McGuigan 1 (Brendan, “A General Statement on Revolution,” 11/19, http://www.mylittlesoapbox.com/General_Plan.doc)

There are two very...rear its ugly head.

Performances have become lost in the feel good moment of the local, ignoring determining structures and systematic relations and precluding the possibility of revolution/class struggle against exploitation.

Ebert 95, Pf Critical and Cultural Theory, University at Albany, (Teresa, (Untimely) Critiques for a Red Feminism, Post-Ality, Marxism and Postmodernism, edited by Mas'ud Zavarzadeh)

However, contrary to ludic...its own effects (oppression).

Such ignorance and attempts at resignification conceal the sources of power and prevent revolutionary praxis – makes exploitation inevitable.

Ebert 95, Pf Critical and Cultural Theory, University at Albany, (Teresa, (Untimely) Critiques for a Red Feminism, Post-Ality, Marxism and Postmodernism, edited by Mas'ud Zavarzadeh)

More, specifically, it is...emancipate those it exploits.

Calls for women’s empowerment and gender equality abroad serve capitalism as a cultural intervention aimed at giving women economic independence, not true freedom – this deradicalizes gender movements, turns the aff.

Salime 11 [Zakia, assistant professor of sociology and women’s & gender studies @ Rutgers, “Securing the Market of War: The Middle East Partnership Initiative”, Accumulating Insecurity: Violence and Dispossession in the Making of Everyday Life ed. Shelley Feldman, Charles Geisler and Gayatri A. Menon, pg. 228-29]

Before analyzing the importance...discuss this categories needs.24

This neoliberal globalization creates massive amounts of superfluous subhumans, letting the poor die because they are less than human and unworthy of life.

Magdoff, professor emeritus of plant and soil science at the University of Vermont, 08 (Fred, The World Food Crisis MONTHLY REVIEW, May)

The chairman of a...you leave them to die”

Alternative: Vote negative to reject the aff and endorse a universal materialist struggle against capitalism.

As academics we are in a unique position to expose and criticize the ways democracy has historically created the conditions for neoliberal violence.

Alford 2K William P. Professor and Director, East Asian Legal Studies, Harvard Law School. Harvard Law Review, May, 113 Harv. L. Rev. 1677

Understandable though the desire...might in time learn. 

We need a shared effort at exposing and marking the neoliberal policies pushed by those in power in the name of democracy – now is key.

Dixon 11 [Marion, dept. of development sociology @ Cornell, “An Arab spring”, Review of African Political Economy 38.128, June, pp. 309-316]

At this crucial time...with the resulting shocks.

Your rhetoric that “Only a radical reconceptualization of democracy can reinvigorate civil society” tells the left that all their work trying to prevent torture or to encourage a government not to use violence against protestors – should halt until we wait for your aff.  This damages politics for the here and now.

Tormey 1, (Simon, Senior Lecturer in Politics and Critical Theory, School of Politics, Do we need "identity politics"? Postmarxism and the critique of "pure particularism," Presented at the ECPR Joint Sessions workshop on `Identity Politics', March 28)

Firstly, it is true…in all spheres of life. 

YOUR rush to blame neoliberalism for war making DIVERT US FROM THE TRUE CAUSE, NEOCONSERVATISM.  We need a more specific understanding of foreign policy is we are to attack the true cause.

Chalmers 5, Pf Philosophy @ Australian National University (David, Educational Philosophy and Theory, Vol 37, Issue 5, Pages 764-770)

If we consider Fahrenheit 9/11…companies have to compete. 

Your aff repeats the same falled reductionist understanding of the left. Despite the aff’s concern for cultural politics it falls back into to traditional Marxist diatribes. You are just another ideology in drag. 

Claude Lefort 2 Director of Studies Emeritus at the école des Hautes études en Sciences Sociales (Social Research, An International Quarterly of Social Sciences Volume 69, Number 2 / Summer, p. 621 – 656)

Let us briefly recall…"great men" in History.

The aff is a form of academic McCarthyism – fearing all Western influence assumes that ALL support for democracy and criticisms of the Middle East are imperialism. This creates a reverse form of Orientalism where the West is turned into a scapegoat for the problems in the Arab world and silences legitimate scholars.

Teitelbaum & Litvak, 6 /Senior Fellow, Moshe Dayan Center for Middle East and African Studies, Tel Aviv University & Senior Fellow at the Moshe Dayan Center for Middle East and African StudiesJoshua & Meir, “STUDENTS, TEACHERS, AND EDWARD SAID: TAKING STOCK OF ORIENTALISM”, Middle East Review of International Affairs, Vol 10 no. 10, March/

Another problem, noticed … agent of American imperialism.[74]

The aff’s politicalization does violence to real-life policy formation.  Their criticisms over-exaggerate a uniformity that is not present on the ground.  While some democracy assistance is geared towards US interests, the filter of critical theory assumes that all democratization is the same.

YOUNGS 11 Richard, Director of FRIDE and Associate Professor at the U of Warwick, FRIDE, Misunderstanding the maladies of liberal democracy promotion, Jan, N º 1 0 6

There are many eloquent … are more subtle in nature. 

Democratization theory is under-going massive self-reflection.  The decision to throw it out as Western imposition is a worse form of imperialism at a critical time

YOUNGS 11 Richard, Director of FRIDE and Associate Professor at the U of Warwick, FRIDE, Misunderstanding the maladies of liberal democracy promotion, Jan, N º 1 0 6

It is self-evident that …and thus contradicting themselves.

Your aff is a luxury that’s hostile to lived experience.  Criticizing the relevance of the law and political freedoms from afar is easy to do when you’re already protected by the law.  Many activists in Arab countries actually want the protection of the law. Your authors don’t have a clue what’s happening on the ground. Their stereotyping of capitalism and statism is no different than Islamophobia

Kacem 11 M.B., French-Tunisian writer and philosopher. A Tunisian Renaissance.<http://www.lacan.com/thesymptom/?page_id=1046>

As a Tunisian, I…to see Islamism everywhere.

The alternative is to be open to future possibilities of democratization, to conclude that assisting and paying attention to other countries doesn’t have to mean imperialism.  Instead of assuming that Arab populations are just of bunch Western-democracy-sellouts and they can’t handle themselves when the West offers democracy, we should affirm Arab participation with Western democratization as a form of mimicry and similarity. Supproting Non-Western mimicry is the best way to destabilize normalized knowledge and disciplinary power and its strategy for combating imperialism. 

Bilgin, 8 /Department of International Relations, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey/
/Pinar, “Thinking past 'Western' IR?”, Third World Quarterly, Volume 29, Issue 1 February pp. 5 – 23/

For those who remain…a search for 'similarity'.

SFSU

Round 1 - Santa Clara AC (Shun Syria)
1NC - Neolib K, Diplomacy T, Case
2NC - Neolib K, Case
1NR - Diplomacy T
2NR - Diplomacy T

Round 3 - Fullerton GR (Literacy through Poetry)
1NC - Jobs Bill DA, EU CP, Neolib K, Case
2NC - Jobs Bill DA, Neolib K
1NR - EU CP, Case
2NR - Neolib K

Round 6 - SFSU TV (Radical Democracy)
1NC - Radical Democracy T, Reductionism DA, Arab Pessimism K, Case
2NC - Case, Arab Pessimism K
1NR - Radical Democracy T, Reductionism DA
2NR - Radical Democracy T

UNLV

Round 4 - UTA (Dialogues with Gender Focus groups)
1NC - Talks=Indirect T, Neolib K, Community Development CP, Case
2NC - Neolib K, Community Development CP
1NR - Case
2NR - Case, Neolib k 

Round 6 - Whitman (Dialogue with Bahrain Monarchy and Opposition leaders)
1NC - Talks=Indirect T, Pressure CP, Imperialism K, Case
2NC - Pressure CP
1NR - Imperialism K, Case
2NR - Case, Pressure CP

Fullerton
Round 1 - Georgia
1NC - Third Party T, Security K, Development CP/Templates DA, Case
2NC - Development CP/Templates DA
1NR - Security K, Case
2NR - Templates DA
Round 3 - Wake Forest
1NC - Third Party T, Security K, Development CP/Templates DA, Case
2NC - Security K
1NR - T, Case
2NR - Security K
Round 5 - Missouri State
1NC - Third Party T, Security K, International Fiat Bad, Civil Society PIC, Case
2NC - Solvency, Civil Society PIC
1NR - Security K, Case
2NR - Civil Society PIC

Cal
Round 1 - Los Rios
1NC - Third Party T, Security K, Development CP, Templates DA, Case
2NC - Development CP, Templates DA
1NR - Security K, Case
2NR - Development CP, Templates DA
Round 3 - Macalester
1NC - Increase T, Saudi DA, Development CP, Templates DA, End Security Aid CP, Case
2NC - Development CP, Templates DA, Case
1NR - End Security CP, Saudi DA
2NR - Development CP, Saudi DA
Round 5 - Gonzaga
1NC - Police Training T, Security K, Development CP, Templates DA, Case
2NC - Development CP, Templates DA
1NR - Case
2NR - Development CP, Case
2NR

Democracy assistance includes rule of law, civil society, elections and political processes, and governance.
McMahon in 2 Edward R. McMahon Director, Center on Democratic Performance Department of Political Science, Binghamton University “Assessing USAID’s Assistance for Democratic Development: Quantity Versus Quality?” Center on Democratic Performance http://cdp.binghamton.edu/papers/usaid-apsa-full.html#top

Defining Democracy Assistance The concept of assistance for
AND
, elections and political processes, and governance.

This is distinct from diplomacy
United Nations, 5/9/11
p. http://www.un.org/News/briefings/docs/2011/110509_UNDEF.doc.htm

Better integration between democracy assistance and diplomatic efforts
AND
in freedom and civil rights around the world. 

Emphasizing procedural democratization is a way to wrap imperialism in a benevolent flag

Baker 7  Raymond William , Carnegie Scholar 2006–08, Trinity, College and the American University in Cairo,International Journal of Contemporary Iraqi Studies Volume 1 Number 3

Large imperial projects require large purposes. It
AND
, unfortunately, cannotbe left to the Muslims.

The plan’s rhetorical embracement of ‘democratic governance’ reduces political hopes into the frame of Western democracy which goes hand in hand with neoliberalism. Only the CP causes conversations on the ground around who democracy represents which absorbs our attention

Marks 11  Susan,Professor of International Law, London School of Economics, Eur J Int Law (2011) 22 (2): 507-524
Ih ave discussed the idea that Tom's claim
AND
of them’.59 Of course, we may

1NC NO SOLVO

1. The regime can’t give the protestors what it wants – the Saudis won’t allow it

Dhaif 7-19Lamees, Al Jazeera Centre for Studies,Bahrain’s bitter solutions: Pressures from within and challenges from abroad
After the internationalisation of the crisis, two
AND
, economic losses, and more popular protests.

2.
Freedom for arrested protestors and stigmatization are pre-requisites to dialogue

ICG 7-28, International Crisis Group, 7-28-2011, “Bahrain’s Rocky Road to Reform,”  http://www.crisisgroup.org/en/publication-type/media-releases/2011/mena/bahrain-s-rocky-road-to-reform.aspx

For a real dialogue to start in earnest
AND
much less national reconciliation, can take place.
4. Previous negotiations failed.  Your aff was already tried in February and EVEN negotiations, which the plan isn’t, failed

ICG 7-28, International Crisis Group, 7-28-2011, “Bahrain’s Rocky Road to Reform,”  http://www.crisisgroup.org/en/publication-type/media-releases/2011/mena/bahrain-s-rocky-road-to-reform.aspx

By the end of February, the crown
AND
March, a day after Saudi troops arrived.
5. Nothing about the aff solves the reason why dialogue has failed since March. The opposition will view it as a farce – rejecting the plan for fear that it’s fixed

Cendrowicz 11   Leo, Prospect Magazine, Bahrain: the forgotten Arab Spring, 8-2, http://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/2011/08/bahrain-the-forgotten-arab-spring/
The demonstrators marching outside Bahrain’s capital Manama were
AND
it a forum because there is no debate.”
6. Upfront concessions are mandatory.  Al-Wiaq wants a constituent assemblyguarantee. The opposition party will demand assembly elections and a new constitution  which the government will interpret as a slippery slope

ICG 7-28, International Crisis Group, 7-28-2011, “Bahrain’s Rocky Road to Reform,”  http://www.crisisgroup.org/en/publication-type/media-releases/2011/mena/bahrain-s-rocky-road-to-reform.aspx

While talks proceeded in apparent good faith,
AND
family’s intentions, decisively shaped its negotiating posture. 

7. Turn – greater demands.The promise of reforms don’t pacify.  Our argument is a turn.  Offering new dialogue causes the opposition to up their demands

Roach 9-29   Morgan, The Foundry, http://blog.heritage.org/2011/09/29/bahrain-walks-a-political-tightrope/

Bahrain’s government has offered open dialogue, made
AND
external forces in Iran are inciting the violence.

8. Turn – crackdown. The opposition knows that the promise of dialogue is from only half of the government.  The promise of dialogue will be followed by the killing of demonstrators

Diboll 9-5Dr Mike, Former academic head of continuing professional development, Bahrain Teachers College, http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/sep/05/western-intervention-arab-spring

I worked in Bahrain for four years from
AND
branch, while the other pulls the trigger.

1NC RADICALIZATION ANSWERS

1.Non-UQ: Al-Wefaq is backing away from protests

Salloum 9-28Shahira, Monthly Review, first published in Al-Akhbar, http://mrzine.monthlyreview.org/2011/salloum280911.html

Al-Wefaq and other Bahraini opposition groups
AND
of more innocents," the resigned MP said.

2. Even if the crackdown ended it won’t prevent radicalization

ICG 7-28, International Crisis Group, 7-28-2011, “Bahrain’s Rocky Road to Reform,”  http://www.crisisgroup.org/en/publication-type/media-releases/2011/mena/bahrain-s-rocky-road-to-reform.aspx

It has much to repair. The past
AND
will be politically radicalised when they grow up”.

3. Democratization doesn’t reduce extremism

Carothers 8  Thomas,  Democracy, A Journal of IdeasIssue #10, Fall

But in his zeal, Traub slips a
AND
and avoid instrumentalizing democracy promotion methods and goals.

4. Aff’s insufficient: Muslims view the US through a long-term narrative and Muslims still hate the 5th fleet
Kull 9-5Steven, political analyst, 2011, “Why muslims are still mad at America,” CNN, http://globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2011/09/05/why-muslims-are-still-mad-at-america/

Muslims tend to view current events through the
AND
with the agenda of keeping Islam under foot.

Too late – the damage is done
Al-Ahmed 11 Ali, Director of the Institute for Gulf Affairs, and Joshua Jacobs, Gulf Policy Analyst, 5-2011, “The Crisis in Bahrain,” http://www.scribd.com/fullscreen/59873023?access_key=key-1c62rrj008vha0ut6sj9

There is precious little time left for the
AND
US policy and declare opposition to the intervention.

1NC 5TH FLEET KICKOUT ANSWERS

1. Bahrainian REALISM GUARANTEES ENDLESS TERRORISM AND BLOODSHED.  Your fear of upsetting the regime will guarantee the people will always loose

Campaign for Peace and Democracy 11 End U.S. Support for Bahrain's Repressive Government, 5-16, http://www.cpdweb.org/stmts/1019/stmt.shtml 

There are those who, while deploring repression
AND
the people and achieve social and economic justice.

2. Your impact is empirically untrue – their were massive protests in between 94 and 99

Ulrichsen 11 – Sr. Research Fellow @ L.S.E.
OpenDemocracy, Bahrain: evolution or revolution?,Kristian Coates Ulrichsen, 1 March, Work includes The Logistics and Politics of the British Campaigns in the Middle East
http://www.opendemocracy.net/kristian-coates-ulrichsen/bahrain-evolution-or-revolution

To close observers of Bahrain it is unsurprising
AND
five-year uprising between 1994 and 1999. 

3. No impact - Shia won’t oppose the US, just the regime
BARFI 11, Barak, Research Fellow, New America Foundation, Middle East Policy, Summer, Pg. 1 Vol. 18 No. 2

Though the regime is proUnited States, and
AND
incursion into the West Bank in April 2002.

There was a jobs bill entry for them but I accidentally deleted. 

a. Interpretation

Democracy assistance must be direct.

Azpuru, Finkel, Perez-Linan, and Seligson, Vandy, Pitt, Pitt, Vandy, 2008

(“What has the United States Been Doing?” Journal of Democracy Volume 19, Number 2, April 2008 pp. 150-159)

In the post–Cold War era, ... currently available for scholarly analysis. ⁵

And it excludes diplomacy.

UN 2011

p.

Better integration between democracy ....civil rights around the world.

Effects T – Democracy assistance can result in third party involvement – they don’t work in conjunction.

Grossman 2009

Grossman, former senior American diplomat, 2009

p. http://www.unc.edu/depts/diplomat/item/2010/0912/comm/grossman_pluralism.html

First, as the Atlantic Council .... the roles of a local NGO.

Promoting United States interests in the name of democracy kills, starves, tortures and politically disenfranchises global peoples.  US politicians are divorced from the reality of what is occurring.  We should admit that until we have a basic knowledge of the Middle East, the US influence won’t be constructive.

Musaji, Shakir and Zogby 11 Sheila, founder and editor of The American Muslim quarterly journal; Imam Zaid, Lecturer at Zaytuna Institute, where he now teaches courses on Arabic, Islamic law, history, and Islamic spirituality, amongst the most respected and influential Islamic scholars in the West; James, President, the Arab American Institute, The American Muslim, 2/7, http://www.theamericanmuslim.org/tam.php/features/articles/the_egyptians_should_be_in_charge_of_egypts_future/0018378

It is time for Americans to ...this situation play out.

We are currently on the verge of witnessing new forms of knowledge.  If the Arab Spring has taught us anything, it should also teach us that we need a paradigm spring.  We must abandon the hyper-securitist paradigm or face extinction

Crane 11 Dr Robert, The American Muslim, Paradigm Spring and the Clash of Civilizational Paradigms, 1/27,

Paradigms are premises ... twentieth-first-century “Paradigm Spring”.

Text: The United States federal government will provide assistance for community driven development to Libya in the form of micro-financing, low-income housing and architecture, educational scholarships, trade union advice, farming technology, and vocational training, modeled off US civil society assistance to the Philippines.

Libya is uniquely suited for the CP.  Education and union contracts are critical to winning support from Libyan populations

Anderson and Kent 9-5 Dave Anderson MP, Labour, Blaydon, Gary Kent, Labour Friends of Iraq, The Guardian, http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/sep/05/western-intervention-arab-spring

Jonathan Freedland's critique of ...a range of non-state actors.

The Philippines is proof that helping civil society without emphasizing democracy is a better way of ensuring government accountability.  Spill up is more likely than spill down.

Blum 11 Alexandra, Henry M. Jackson School of International Studies, The Future of U.S. Democracy Promotion: Strategies for a Sustainable Fourth Wave of Democratization, 3-10

When dealing with poorer nations,... not abstract notions of democracy.

Institutional aid relies on donor-driven templates which fail

Astengo and Oh 11 Michelle and Grace, Henry M. Jackson School of International Studies, The Future of U.S. Democracy Promotion: Strategies for a Sustainable Fourth Wave of Democratization, 3-10

Creating more relevant, region-... do not benefit from them.

Democracy aid uniquely is structured to hinder paying attention to local needs 

Astengo and Oh 11 Michelle and Grace, Henry M. Jackson School of International Studies, The Future of U.S. Democracy Promotion: Strategies for a Sustainable Fourth Wave of Democratization, 3-10

Any effective democracy promotion ...and interests of aid recipients.

CP S Stability best - Local ownership is critical to prevent civil and structural violence

Talentino 11 Associate Professor Poli Sci & Department Chair – Drew U Andrea K. International Studies Review Volume 13, Issue 3, pages 506–513, September

The promise of international peacebuilding...Viktorova Milne, Tarja Vayrynen, and Ian Taylor.

Plan text minus the word "civil society" and "democracy"

The idea of civil society creates certain goals for assistance.  Civil society is used as a very specific part of the governance agenda used to link economic liberalization with governance AND civil society is poor tool for understanding opposition movements

Bhuta 8  The New School Graduate Program in International Affairs

Nehal, State-Building, Democratization and “Politics as Technology” Dec, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1574349

Through his analysis of ....and the exercise of state power.”95

Civil society becomes a panacea – a stand-in for democracy.  As long as civil society is vibrant we will believe that the state has been controlled

International IDEA 10 International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, Centro Studi di Politica Internazionale (CeSPI), the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance and Istituto Affari Internazionali (IAI), Islamist Mass Movements, External Actors and Political Change in the Arab World,

www.idea.int/.../islamist_mass_movements/.../Islamist_mass_low_inlay.pdf

The Obama Administration has engaged.... forces in the short term.

The methodology behind civil society promotion is extremely reductive. It reduces concepts like civil society down to narrow quantitative indicators.  There are too many variables to believe that the aff, no matter how well-intentioned, will ever solve

ALFORD 2K William P. Professor and Director, East Asian Legal Studies, Harvard Law School. Harvard Law Review, May, 113 Harv. L. Rev. 1677

Carothers writes insightfully about ....comparable results in different settings.

Even active civil societies can create the conditions for fascism.  Weak institutions lead civil society to support nationalism which causes Nazis

Blum 11 Alexandra, Henry M. Jackson School of International Studies, The Future of U.S. Democracy Promotion: Strategies for a Sustainable Fourth Wave of Democratization, 3-10

Civil society is clearly important ....political structures that can support it.

For any cites contact policydebater@yahoo.com