UMKC

Rd 2 v KU - 2NR = India Relations Bad

Rd 3 v Baylor - Warming Good

Rd 5 v UNT - UAE Disad

Rd 7 v ASU - IRC CP, Politics, Coercion, Case

Dubs v KC - Growth Good

Semis v KSU - Gender

Wake

1NC Rd 1 v Wallstreet Hippy Crap - Cap Good, T USFG

2NR - Cap Good 

1NC Rd 4 v Orientalism Aff

T USFG, Gender K, Red Spread

2NR - T and double turn

1NC Rd 5 v KSU (Yemen Child Marriage)

1NC - T USFG, T DA, A-Spec, FTA Condition CP, Politics, Climate Aid, Gender, Case D

2NR - CP, Politics, Case

Rd 7 v Yemeni Women Aff (Pun-intended/attempted)

1NC - T Subs, A-Spec, Politics, Consult Congress CP, EU CP, Climate Aid, Case D, Solvency Turns

Block strategy - bipart CP, politics, case

2NR - politics and case turns

Harvard

Rd 1 Neg v Gtown Cap Hippy Aff-

1NC - F-16 Politics, Gender, EU CP, T Demo Assistance, T USFG, A-Spec, Cap Good on Case

2NR Gender

Rd 4 Neg v Cal Islamaphobia -

1NC - T-2 CP, Politics, T Increase, Climate Aid Disad, Gender

2NR Gender

Rd 5 v Emporia -

1NC - T USFG, Mind the Gap, Case D

2NR Mind the Gap

Rd 7 v Towson EM

1NC - T USFG, Mind the Gap, Case D

2NR - T and Role of the ballot spec

UNLV

1NC Rd 1 v Wyoming (MB)

Gender, Climate Aid, T Increase, F-16 politics, eu cp, case d

2nr gender

1nc rd 4 v Baylor (E-Imet)

Egypt FTA, EU CP, F-16 politics, t, gender k

2nr gender k

1nc rd 6 v NU

Gender K, Canada CP, Politics, A-Spec, T Governance, adv cp to not strike libya

2nr - impact turns to nato add-on, canada cp, credibility d 

Kentucky

1NC Rd 1 Neg V MB

Politics, gender k, adv cp, topicality, case turns

2nr politics and case turns

Rd 3 v Harvard (bahrain)

1NC - T direct material transfer, track 2 cp, saudi relations, politics, gender k

2nr - saudi and case

Rd 5 v Michigan (bahrain)

1NC - T direct material transfer, track 2 cp, saudi relations, politics, gender k

2nr - politics and case

Rd 8 v Wake (yemen)

A Spec, T, Politics, Gender K

2NR - gender k

GSU

1NC Rd 2 v Emory (Yemen)

Politics, Neolib K, Case D, EU CP, A Spec

2NR - Neolib

1NC Rd 6 v Baylor (E-Imet to Egypt)

Block - Politics, EU (Solves Econ), T, Case D

2NR - Politics, Case D

1NC Rd 7 v Zag KM (Yemen)

A Spec, Gender, Politics, EU CP, Strikes CP

Case - Saudi Turn, Defense

Block - Politics, Case, Gender

2NR - Gender

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Use the second box for cites formatted with wiki syntax or plain text, such as that exported from Verbatim 4.

The supercommittee can reach a bipartisan deal but time is running out – that’s key to signaling market stability and avoiding deep defense cuts

Raju 11-4-11 – Manu and Jake Sherman, Writers for Politico, “Deficit panel tries to kick start talks,” POLITICO, .

Top negotiators on the congressional supercommittee …bipartisan deal,” said Sen. Chris Coons (D-Del.), who is not on the committee. “The pressure is steadily building on the members of the committee.”

The plan grinds the process to a halt by making assistance a sacred cow

Patrick, ’11 – Senior Fellow and Director of the International Institutions and Global Governance Program at CFR, Stewart M., “How Does the Debt Debate Affect Foreign Aid?” Interviewed by Toni Johnson – Senior Staff Writer, 7-26, http://www.cfr.org/foreign-aid/does-debt-debate-affect-foreign-aid/p25540)

The U.S. debt ceiling and deficit debate has led to … has either a U.S. military installation or a defense contractor.

Supercommittee failure immediately crushes growth

Rick Newman, 10-27-11 – “As Europe Moves Forward, America Drifts Downward,” US News and World Report, Lexis.

Business leaders are more disgusted with Washington than ever, with … forcing down American living standards.

Extinction

Royal 10 [Jedediah Royal, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, 2010, Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises,? in Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-215]

Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of … presented here should be considered ancillary to those views.

GENDER VIOLENCE INCREASES 100 FOLD DURING WAR, MEANING WE ONLY NEED 1% RISK OF OUR DISAD TO OUTWEIGH THE CASE

Sancho ’97 [Nelia Sancho, Regional Coordinator, Asian Women’s Human Rights Council, Gender & Catastrophe, 1997  p. 153]

Conclusion: Women and War The case of the comfort …and women are the victims.

The plan triggers a firestorm during deficit debates

Rosen 10-24 [James, “S.C. Sen. Graham fights to save foreign aid programs”, , CMR]

South Carolina Sen. Lindsey Graham, …took turns bashing foreign aid.

Increased democracy assistance triggers political fights

Trister 9-8 Sarah Trister, “Foreign Assistance for the 21st Century”, 9-8-11, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/sarah-trister/foreign-assistance-for-th_b_952186.html, CMR

Unfortunately, recent discussions about … States money down the road.

Link turns are rhetoric – plan is “toxic”

Hamid’10 [Shadi Hamid is deputy director of the Brookings Doha Center and a fellow at the Saban Center for Middle East Policy at the Brookings Institution, Steven Brooke is a Ph.D. student in the Department of Government at the University of Texas, formerly a research associate at the Nixon Center, “ Promoting Democracy to Stop Terror, Revisted”, Feb/March, EBSCO, CMR]

u.s. DEMOCRACY PROMOTION in the Middle East has … resist the urge to abandon its predecessor's focus on promoting democracy in what remains the most undemocratic region in the world.

--The political battle alone turns the case – it destroys efficacy and perception 

Kelemen 11 [Michele, “Hillary Clinton: U.S. Diplomacy Is Stretched Thin”,8-16-11, http://www.npr.org/2011/08/16/139678323/hillary-clinton-u-s-diplomacy-is-stretched-thin, CMR]

Secretary of State Hillary Clinton says the … intervene and what we do."

They didn’t answer our “sacred cow” link – the plan won’t be shielded in future attacks – the link means it’s spotlighted in future budget disputes – this either makes it low-hanging fruit for an angry Congress or a certain target in Executive across-the-board cuts

Kendall and McConaghy, 11-4-11 – David B. Kendall, Senior Fellow for Health and Fiscal Policy and Ryan McConaghy, Director of the Economic Program, “Attention Tea Party! Sequestration Affects Your Lives Too,” Third Way, .

If the “Super Committee” fails and … that achieves $1.2 trillion in deficit reduction or more is reached.

--Recent GOP concessions and bipartisan atmosphere ensures compromise—plan poisons the well

Gail Russell Chaddock, “A turning point for debt super committee? Tax revenues on the table”, 11-10-11, , CMR

With just two weeks before a Nov. 23 deadline, … to compromise on all three parts of the equation – spending cuts, entitlement reform, and revenue.”

--Deal is in reach but can still be derailed—their ev is rhetoric

Reuters 11-10. “Progress amid the U.S. deficit-cut noise”, , CMR

WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Angry words and rejected … chief U.S. analyst Stephen Hess told Reuters.

--They’ll agree and meet the deadline—prefer expert consensus 

Pianin 11-9 [Eric, “Survey: Experts Predict Super Committee Deal”, , CMR]

Amid a glimmer of hope of a breakthrough in “Super Committee” deliberations… reforms of Medicare and Social Security and the tax code is “still in play.”

Vote count **Deal will happen – GOP will give and pick up at least 2 Democrats

POLITICO, 11-9 – “Odds stack up against supercommittee,” http://www.politico.com/news/stories/1111/67884_Page2.html

After a closed-door briefing at a Senate GOP lunch, Toomey and … of South Carolina and Xavier Becerra of California.

More evidence that SIGNAL sends shock waves, separate from the question of cuts

Lisa Mascaro, 11-5-11 – “Congressional leaders jump in to save 'super committee',” LA Times, .

Failure to reach a compromise by … budget cuts that both parties want to avoid.

Here’s evidence that the initial signal is UNAVOIDABLE

Kessler and Kendall, 10-21-11 – Jim Kessler, Senior Vice President for Policy and David Kendall, Senior Fellow for Health and Fiscal Policy at the Third Way organization, “Failure Has Consequences: The Need for a “Super Committee” Failsafe,” Capital Markets Initiative, .

Super committee failure dares the credit rating … prevent another possible downgrade in the nation’s credit rating.

Even if Congress steps in, downgrade happens first – it’ll be before 2012

NBF, 10-23-11 – Next Big Future, quoting Merrill Lynch, “Merrill Lynch forecasts Congressional Super Committee failure and credit downgrade for the US and Greece Default Developments,” .

The United States will likely suffer the loss of its … automatic spending cuts will be triggered, beginning in 2013.

--Alternative paths will fail and trigger downgrade

Shiner 11-7 [Meredith, “Defense Cuts Will Likely Stay in Place if Super Committee Fails”, , CMR]

Despite the rise in calls to reverse deep defense … where interest rates are at Jimmy Carter levels within a very short time," Kirk warned.

The 1ac’s silence is a loaded presence- their forgetting of the non-human world and the individualistic formation of agency ensure the replication of prevailing anthropocentric power relations

Bell and Russell 2K

(Anne C. by graduate students in the Faculty of Environmental Studies, York Universi- ty and Constance L. a graduate student at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Educa- tion, University of Toronto, Beyond Human, Beyond Words: Anthropocentrism, Critical Pedagogy, and the Poststructuralist Turn, http://www.csse-scee.ca/CJE/Articles/FullText/CJE25-3/CJE25-3-bell.pdf [10/24/11])

For this reason, the various movements against oppression need to be aware … peripheral to the core curriculum (A. Gough, 1997; Russell, Bell, & Fawcett, 2000), anthropocentrism passes unchallenged.1

The 1ac failure to attend to our relationship as debaters, judges and coaches beyond the human sphere makes them a part of an educational practice that sustains anthropocentric ordering of world despite the “empowerment” offered by the affirmative

Bell and Russell 2K

(Anne C. by graduate students in the Faculty of Environmental Studies, York Universi- ty and Constance L. a graduate student at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Educa- tion, University of Toronto, Beyond Human, Beyond Words: Anthropocentrism, Critical Pedagogy, and the Poststructuralist Turn, http://www.csse-scee.ca/CJE/Articles/FullText/CJE25-3/CJE25-3-bell.pdf [10/24/11])

So far, however, such queries in critical pedagogy have … and the life-worlds of woodticks. Such wondrous possibilities should cause even the most committed of humanists to pause for a moment at least.

Anthropocentric ordering is the foundation of the war machine and drives the exclusion of populations based on race, ethnicity and gender

Kochi, 2K9

(Tarik, Sussex law school, Species war: Law, Violence and Animals, Law Culture and Humanities Oct 5.3)

Grotius and Hobbes are sometimes described as setting out a … within the early modern juridical ordering of war.

The alternative is a decolonization of the human-centered mind – this post-colonial ecocriticism is essential to solving anthropocentrism and the 1ac

Huggan and Tiffin, 10

(Graham, chair of commonwealth and postcolonial literatures at Leeds and Helen, Adjunct professor of post-colonial and animal studies at University of New England, Australia, Postcolonial ecocriticism: literature, animals, environment, pg. 11-16

As Lawrence Rucll has aptly remarked, 'criticism worthy of its name arises …. in so doing, to help make them obsolete.

Alt is a prerequisite to the aff- all forms of exclusion are patterned off the human/non-human divide- de-normalizing the anthropocentric order is critical to challenging the endless war on difference

Kochi, 2K9

(Tarik, Sussex law school, Species war: Law, Violence and Animals, Law Culture and Humanities Oct 5.3)

This reflection need not be seen as carried out by every individual ….thus a critic of war’s norm-alization.

You can’t capture solvency for the alternative- your activation of agency is predicated on the same formation of the human-centered individual that is indistinct from the anthropocentric logic of the squo.  The alternative is not an embracement of agency but a loss of identity, that of “the human”, which is critical to transformation of our relations to the animals and nature

Hudson, 2k4

(Laura, Cultural Studies PhD UC-Davis, The Political Animal: Species-Being and Bare life, Mediations: Journal of Marxist Literary Group, http://www.mediationsjournal.org/articles/the-political-animal [10/24/11])

In his discussion of religion, Marx argues that the recognition of … exploitation, how are we to envision the future of politics and society?

Entanglement

a. NATO is outdated and causes free-riding—interventions such as Afghanistan and Libya prove—risks foreign entanglement

Logan 8-26—director of foreign-policy studies at the Cato Institute

Justin, “NATO Is a Farce”, , CMR

American military alliances never die; … to acknowledge that NATO in the 21st century constitutes a costly commitment with little benefit for Americans.

b. Nuclear war

Christopher Layne (Associate Professor in the Bush School of Government and Public Service at Texas A&M University) 2006 “The Peace of Illusions” p 169

Rather than being instruments of regional pacification, …  Eurasian conflicts by its alliance commitments.

Ukraine

--NATO will inevitably expand membership to NATO in the squo – impact is extinction

Eland ‘9 – Senior Fellow and Director of the Center on Peace & Liberty at The Independent Institute, graduate of Iowa State University and received an M.B.A. in applied economics and Ph.D. in national security policy from George Washington University [Ivan, “Don’t Admit the Ukraine into NATO”, May 18, http://www.independent.org/newsroom/article.asp?id=2502]

Of all the countries lining up to get under the United States’ protective shield in the NATO alliance, … it is to the distant U.S. and that the U.S. is unwilling to risk nuclear war to defend the Ukraine.

UN

a. NATO guts UN credibility

Rozoff ‘9 [Rick, “Thinking the Unthinkable: NATO's Global Military Roadmap”, frequent contributor to Global Research, Oct 3, online]

During a visit to Israel this past January Scheffer expounded on the … a theme dealt with in a previous article, West Plots To Supplant United Nations With Global NATO. [11]

b. Extinction

Helena Cobban, September 8, 2005, CSM, The Bolton backfire: Weaken UN, imperil Americans

During the cold war, the UN helped mediate what would … the increased insecurity of everyone in the world. And, yes, that includes Americans.

Readiness

a. NATO constrains US military strength by draining our military equipment and destroy our readiness – outweigh the cost of controlling our allies

Holmes 2k [Kim R, Ph.D. is Vice President and Director of the Kathryn and Shelby Cullom Davis Institute for International Studies at The Heritage Foundation, “The United States and Europe in the 21st Century: Partners or Competitors”, March 20,

http://www.heritage.org/research/europe/hl657.cfm]

The mismatch between declining resources and rising … waning and weak military power. 

b. Collapses of military readiness causes global war

Perry & Flournoy ‘6 (William, professor of management science and engineering at Stanford University, was U.S. secretary of defense from 1994 to 1997, Michele, senior advisor at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, was principal deputy assistant secretary of defense for strategy and threat reduction, National Defense, May)

The all-volunteer force is now in historically uncharted waters - …  to deter aggression.

Heg

a. NATO destroys hegemony – free riding AND entanglement

Carpenter ‘09 –vice president for defense and foreign policy studies at the Cato Institute, is the author or editor of five books on NATO [Ted Galen, “NATO at 60 A Hollow Alliance”, March 30, http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/pa635.pdf]

NATO has outlived whatever usefulness … dysfunctional alliance.

Russia

--NATO expansion perceived as encirclement by Russia – leads to nuclear shoot-out

Bandow ’08 [Doug Bandow is the Robert A. Taft Fellow at the American Conservative Defense Alliance, A former Special Assistant to President Ronald Reagan, he is the author of Foreign Follies:  America’s New Global Empire, “Incoherent Empire: The Case for Getting Out of NAT”, Dec 18, http://www.takimag.com/site/article/incoherent_empire_the_case_for_getting_out_of_nato/]

Third, NATO expansion in any direction multiplies … gave Moscow further evidence of the West’s presumed malign intentions.

EU Fill-in

a. Decreased NATO role key to accelerate EU development

Conry ’95 [Barbara, former associate policy analyst, was a public relations consultant at Hensley Segal Rentschler and an expert on security issues in the Middle East, Western Europe, and Central Asia “The Western European Union As NATO's Successor”, Sept 18, http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/pa-239.html]

Such progress on military cooperation among the West … perhaps even accelerate.

b. That solves their offense and avoids our turns

Conry ’95 [Barbara, former associate policy analyst, was a public relations consultant at Hensley Segal Rentschler and an expert on security issues in the Middle East, Western Europe, and Central Asia “The Western European Union As NATO's Successor”, Sept 18, http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/pa-239.html]

Washington unwisely clings to outdated Cold War policies instead of devising new … to mutual U.S.-European security interests.

c. EU key to democracy promotion – our ev is comparative

Bandow ’08 [Doug Bandow is the Robert A. Taft Fellow at the American Conservative Defense Alliance, A former Special Assistant to President Ronald Reagan, he is the author of Foreign Follies:  America’s New Global Empire, “Incoherent Empire: The Case for Getting Out of NAT”, Dec 18, http://www.takimag.com/site/article/incoherent_empire_the_case_for_getting_out_of_nato/]

The second new task for NATO was to … variant of the Good Housekeeping seal of approval.

--No advantages to NATO – lack of military power, no joint operations, old weapons, US does everything anyway

Carpenter ‘09 –vice president for defense and foreign policy studies at the Cato Institute, is the author or editor of five books on NATO [Ted Galen, “NATO at 60 A Hollow Alliance”, March 30, http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/pa635.pdf]

The Eroding Military Capabilities of the Major European Allies NATO’s … might be considered robust compared to the situation today.

Saudi

The US and Saudi Arabia are on the same page about Bahrain, but relations are on the brink-the plan collapses the alliance

Hanna 11—fellow and program officer at The Century Foundation, former senior fellow at the International Human Rights Law Institute, term-member of the Council on Foreign Relations (Michael Wahid, Saudi Arabia: Royal Succession, Regional Turmoil, 3/8/11 http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/8120/saudi-arabia-royal-succession-regional-turmoil)

The kingdom's current defensive posture with regard … its authority to determine royal succession.

Bahrain is the key issue for relations-the plan marks the end of the alliance

ICG 11 (The International Crisis Group is an independent, non-profit, non-governmental organisation committed to preventing and resolving global conflicts "POPULAR PROTEST IN NORTH AFRICA AND THE MIDDLE EAST (VIII):BAHRAIN’S ROCKY ROAD TO REFORM" July 28 www.crisisgroup.org//media/Files/Middle%20East%20North%20Africa/Iran%20Gulf/Bahrain/111%20Popular%20Protest%20in%20North%20Africa%20and%20the%20Middle%20East%20VII%20%20Bahrains%20Rocky%20Road%20to%20Reform.pdf)

Following on the heels of the Tunisian and Egyptian revolutions, the Bahrain events presented … that, over time, would lead to a constitutional monarchy.

That causes Saudi nuclearization

Rozen 11 – the chief foreign policy reporter for Politico, quoting Patrick Clawson, a Persian Gulf expert at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy and Marc Lynch, a Middle East expert at George Washington University (Laura, Arab spring setbacks in the shadow of complicated U.S.-Saudi alliance, 4/18/11, )

Riyadh, alarmed by the Obama administration's failure to prop up its ally of three decades Egyptian President Hosni … demands for political rights, they are accused of being Iranian agents."

Extinction

Edelman 11—Fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments. Former Undersecretary for Defense—AND—Andrew Krepinevich—President of the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments—AND—Evan Montgomery—Research Fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments (Eric, The dangers of a nuclear Iran, FA 90;1, http://www.csbaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/2010.12.27-The-Dangers-of-a-Nuclear-Iran.pdf)

There is, however, at least one state that could receive significant …  leave their weapons vulnerable to attack or theft.

T2 CP

Text: Through unofficial diplomatic backchannels, the United States should expand engagement with groups in Bahrain to facilitate broader distribution of access to political benefits.

a. Competition –

‘Democracy assistance’ is done in public – CP is done in private.

Toornstra ’10 (Dick, Publisher of the Office for Promotion of Parliamentary Democracy, “Getting Acquainted: Setting the Stage for Democracy Assistance,” http://www.europarl.europa.eu/pdf/oppd/Page_8/getting_acquainted_web.pdf)

Thus, key characteristics of democracy assistance are that it … facilitate democratisation and excludes activities which might only indirectly affect democratisation, in particular socio-economic assistance.

Doing both leads to bureaucratic delays.

Brahm ’05 (Eric, Assistant Professor of Political Science at at UNLV, January, “Diplomacy,” http://www.beyondintractability.org/essay/Diplomacy--Intro/)

There is continued debate about the particular roles played by Track I … diplomacy cannot be entirely filled by the other.

b. Solvency – Track 2-democracy assistance is the best mechanism for solvency.

Hamid ’11 (Shadi, director of research at the Brookings Doha Center and a fellow at the Saban Center for Middle East Policy at Brookings, January, “Arab Islamist Parties: Losing on Purpose?” http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Files/rc/papers/2011/01_islamist_parties_hamid/01_islamist_parties_hamid.pdf)

With this in mind, the United States and the European Union, as well as prodemocracy NGOs, … by the U.S. National Democratic Institute.

Text: The United States federal government should not increase political party support to the Egyptian Freedom and Justice Party and ban engagement with the Egyptian Freedom and Justice Party. The European Union should substantially increase political party support to the Egyptian Freedom and Justice Party, modeling its efforts off of the United States Middle East Partnership Initiative. The European Union should allow all Egyptian political parties to receive access to this assistance. The United States federal government will not respond to a terrorist attack with weapons of mass destruction or by placing its nuclear weapons arsenal on high alert.

--The CP solves the case—and is key to assert E.U. soft power

Dergham 7-28

Raghida, Lebanese-American journalist, correspondent for the pan-Arabian daily Al-Hayat and a well-known columnist and op-ed writer, In 2011, she was ranked among the 100 most influential women in the Arab world by the weekly Arabian Business, “ Europe has a role to play”, , (accessed August 23, 2011), CMR

America’s declining interest in international affairs … an actor and a partner with its own place on the world map, instead of being a funding organisation that falls into step behind polices that are decided by other powers.

--Solves climate change, pandemics, and terrorism

Joseph Nye, Harvard JFK School, “Europe’s Power to Lead”, The St. Petersburg Times, March 4, 2008, p. 17, , CMR

U.S. military might is not adequate to deal with threats such … of the future will be the evolution of European policies and power. 

Solvency

1. The military will keep a hold on power-it’ll control the direction of Egypt’s foreign policy

Martini & Taylor 11 JEFF MARTINI is a Project Associate at the RAND Corporation. AND JULIE TAYLOR is a Political Scientist at the RAND Corporation. “Commanding Democracy in Egypt” Foreign Affairs, Sep/Oct2011, Vol. 90, Issue 5 EBSCO

MANY OF the iconic images

MANY OF the iconic images from Egypt's revolution depict the Egyptian military supporting the uprising in Tahrir Square. …, would carry the burden of day-to-day rule--and bear the brunt of any public displeasure.

2. They’ll be moderate and maintain peace with Israel

NPR 11 “Egypt Military Promises To Abide By Peace Deal” Feb 12 www.wbur.org/2011/02/12/egypt-14

Egypt’s ruling military reassured its international allies Saturday …, to build a democratic free nation,” he said.

3. They can push the brotherhood any way they want

Rosen 11 Armin Rosen The New Republic “Cairo Dispatch: Can Egypt’s Liberals Challenge the Military’s Hegemony?” Aug 15 www.tnr.com/print/article/93642/egypt-liberals-military-cairo [ ] = edit

It’s unsurprising, then, that many liberals remain … of the parliament will be from the Muslim Brotherhood, and the military knows how to deal with them.”

4. Plan causes SCAF backlash-that radicalizes their foreign policy and turns case-causes rejection of US assistance and expulsion of the military

Martini & Taylor 11 JEFF MARTINI is a Project Associate at the RAND Corporation. AND JULIE TAYLOR is a Political Scientist at the RAND Corporation. “Commanding Democracy in Egypt” Foreign Affairs, Sep/Oct2011, Vol. 90, Issue 5 EBSCO

Yet the United States' capacity to advance democratization …, since the generals view it as a reward for maintaining peace with Israel, an attitude that the United States can do little to change.

5. Relations high now but backlash crushes overall hegemony and naval power, causes Israel war, and prevents Iranian containment-it’s a bigger and faster internal link to the case

WOOD 11 DAVID WOOD Chief Military Correspondent for Politics Daily “At Risk in Egypt's Turmoil: U.S. Military Access to the Middle East” www.politicsdaily.com/2011/02/05/at-risk-in-egypts-turmoil-u-s-military-access-to-the-middle-e/

Three hundred combat-armed paratroopers from the 82nd Airborne Division plummeted from a … relations between the [U.S. and Egyptian] services will continue.''

MB—Adv 1

--Brotherhood won’t gain control – moderate, democratic forces prevail

Saikal, 7-29 [Amin Saikal is professor of Political Science and director of the Centre for Arab and Islamic Studies (the Middle East and Central Asia) at the Australian National University, “The growing power of Egypt's Islamists”, , CMR]

These developments can easily be viewed as … secular - to respond to this development effectively could easily result in the failure of that government, continued public turmoil and policy paralysis, which will not benefit anybody.

--Democracy assistance will fuel the MB – no risk of a turn

Slavin, ‘11 [Barbara, “U.S. "DEMOCRACY" ADVISORS SUDDENLY IN DEMAND”, April 14, lexis, CMR]

Even where the U.S. appears to have nimbly …  their credibility shot", Hellyer said.

The plan kills relations with Israel

Rubin, 6/30 - Director of the Global Research in International Affairs Center and Editor of the Middle East Review of International Affairs Journal (Barry, 6/30/11, "A Major U.S. Policy Shift Toward the Muslim Brotherhood Disguised", http://pajamasmedia.com/barryrubin/2011/06/30/us-policy-shift-toward-the-muslim-brotherhood/?singlepage=true)

Here’s the headline: “U.S. to resume formal Muslim Brotherhood contacts.” … Brotherhood has supported violence against Israel. It has supported violence against Americans in Iraq, and on various other fronts. Why is this so hard to see?

Israel's perception that the U.S. is disengaged causes a pre-empted strike on Iran—history proves

Simon, ‘9 - Adjunct Senior Fellow for Middle Eastern Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations (Steven, November 2009, "An Israeli Strike on Iran", p. 6) PDF

In assessing the likelihood of an attack, it is useful to look …  to be learned from this is that Israel is more likely to use force if it perceives Washington to be disengaged.

Extinction.

Ivashov ‘7 - Analyst at the Strategic Culture Foundation.

[Leonid “Iran: The Threat of Nuclear War” The AP, 21 April 07. Lexis]

What might cause the force major event of the required scale? Everything seems to indicate that … more nightmarish than WWII.

Israel D

No impact to takeover

Nelson, 11 - Director of the Homeland Security and Counterterrorism Program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (Rick, 4/6/11, "Unrest in the Middle East and North Africa: Ramifications for U.S. Homeland Security", p. 3-4) PDF

Egypt, meanwhile, faces a much different set of issues than does its … in which the Egyptian military would abide a civilian government, especially one controlled by the   Muslim Brotherhood, which moved to become a state sponsor of terrorism.

Egypt Prolif D

--Egypt is opposed to nukes – NPT support proves

Grossman 5-20

Elaine M, “After a Dangerous Year, Little Progress in Making the Mideast Nuke-Free”, , CMR

In the meantime, the revolutions and instability in Egypt, …," Kane agreed. "They are afraid if it does not happen in 2012, it will not happen at all."

US-Egypt Relations

--Relations resilient – history and military aid

Arrott 8-18

Elizabeth, “Delay of Military Exercises Could Hint at US-Egypt Rift”, 2k11, , CMR

But both Hana and el-Erian point to decades … military aid each year.

Adv 2

No WMD terrorism – lack of desire and capability – empirically the threat is overblown

John Mueller, Professor and Woody Hayes Chair of National Security Studies, Mershon Center for International Security Studies and Department of Political Science, “The Truth About al Qaeda”, 8/2/2011, , CMR

The chief lesson of 9/11 should have been that small bands of terrorists, using simple methods, … WMD terrorism is the wave of the future. No elephants there, either.

US soft power inevitably fails in the Middle East – stigma from US intervention and Palestine overwhelms any effect from democracy

Mulvany, 7/19 [Lydia, “Why don't Arabs love Obama anymore?”, , CMR]

WASHINGTON — President Barack Obama isn't living up to his … that's just gone. Now it's just stay out of it," Berry said. "We are now reduced to interference."

Soft power won’t maintain hegemony or solve global problems

Adam Quinn, Lecturer in International Studies at the University of Birmingham, “The art of declining politely: Obama’s prudent presidency and the waning of American power”, 7/1/2011, International Affairs 87:4 (2011) 803–824, Wiley Online, CMR

Nevertheless, this qualification demands two further qualifications of its own. The first is that … change would remain significant in its own right.

A.) American led democracy assistance exports the gender bias of Western political theory to other countries as the exclusion of the feminine is naturalized as part of the democratization process

Handrahan, ‘1

(Lori M., professor American University, Gendering Ethnicity: Implications for Democracy Assistance, pg. 73-74)

Moreover, feminists have argued that there is a …USSR. The polit¬ical "opposition" leaders supported by USAID funds were 100% men (Zairash 1998).

B.) Masculinity as the foundation of the nation-state makes all warfare inevitable as the roles in warfare and post-conflict management are self-perpetuating in order for the fraternal community to sustain itself

Handrahan, ‘1

(Lori M., International Centre of Gender Studies, Oxford, Conflict, Gender, Ethnicity and Post-Conflict Reconstruction, Security Dialogue 35.4)

Benedict Anderson, the well-known academic expert on identity, …without war (Benton, 1998: 43). War makes the man.

C.) The gender bias inherent to the affirmatives democratization process warrants rejection of the 1ac.  Our act of criticism is key to denaturalizing the political as exclusively male terrain- vital to providing space that will allow ongoing contestation of the patriarchal system to gain legitimacy

Hawkesworth, ‘1

(Mary E. Professor Poly Sci @ Rutgers, Democratiziation: Reflections on Gendered Dislocations in the Public Sphere, in Gender, Globalization, and Democraticzation edited Rita Mae Kelly, Jane H. Bayes, Mary Hawkesworth, and Brigitte Young, pg. 233-235)

The gendered dislocations accompanying …the emancipatory impulse of feminist social movements.

Text – The United States federal government should authorize drone strikes against high value AQAP target operating inside Yemen.

CP solves terror risks immediately and builds stable environment for assistance.

Cilluffo, 6-24 - served as Special Assistant to the President for Homeland Security and is currently Associate Vice President at The George Washington University and Director of the GW Homeland Security Policy Institute

[Frank, Yemen & Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula: Exploiting a Window of Counterterrorism Opportunity, Homeland Security Policy Institute, Georgewashington University, June 24, 2011, http://www.gwumc.edu/hspi/policy/issuebrief203_yemenAQAP.cfm]

Yemen’s current situation makes long-term diplomatic …the groundwork and  move toward a long-term Yemen strategy unencumbered by the immediate terrorist  threat of AQAP. 

The affirmatives logic of security leads to endless war – those who reject our drive for survival and global governance must be eliminated – turns the case and makes extinction inevitable

Dillon & Reid ‘9

[Michael, Professor of Politics at Lancaster University, England and Julian,  Lecturer in International Relations in the Department of War Studies at King’s College London, “The Liberal Way of War”, page number below, CMR/WD]

The biopolitical response of liberalism is to reduce all life to the ,,,to police and fight for this order. [page 103-105]

The framing of economic collapse is used to militarize the issue of economics

Neocleous 8

[Mark, Professor of the Critique of Political Economy; Head of Department of Politics & History of Brunel University, Critique of Security, Edinburgh University Press Ltd, page 95]

Robert Pollard has suggested that ‘the concept of “economic security” ,,,both domestically and internationally, ‘economic security’ is coda for capitalist order.

Security framing of oil economics causes war and turns the case

Campbell 5—Professor, PhD from Australian National University

David, “The Biopolitics of Security: Oil, Empire, and the Sports Utility Vehicle”, American Quarterly, Volume 57, Number 3, September 2005, Project Muse, CMR

Most accounts of the role of oil in U.S. foreign policy ,,,attention to the politics of consumption as much as the problem of production, is a first step toward understanding the biopolitics of security.

--Their pursuit of hegemony is based on a fantasy of control that relies upon the existence of threatening monsters to maintain the illusion of personal strength and discipline.  This grand strategy prompts resistance and creates a permanent state of conflict, turning constructed enemies into real enemies and flipping the case.

Ira Chernus, Professor of Religious Studies and Co-director of the Peace and Conflict Studies Program at the University of Colorado-Boulder, 2006 (Monsters to Destroy: The Neoconservative War on Terror and Sin, Published by Paradigm Publishers, ISBN 1594512752, p. 53-54)

The end of the cold war spawned a tempting fantasy of imperial omnipotence ,,,frightened the public, the more likely it is to believe and enact the neocon story.

--Critical praxis outweighs policy making- voting affirmative guarantees error replication. Only a radical break from dominant paradigms can avoid becoming a self fulfilling prophecy

Graeme Cheeseman, Snr. Lecturer @ New South Wales, and Robert Bruce Assoc. Prof in social sciences @ Curtin univ, ‘96 (Discourses of Danger & Dread Frontiers, p. 5-9)

This goal is pursued in ways which are still unconventional in the intellectual milieu of international relations in Australia, even though they are gaining influence worldwide as traditional modes of theory and practice are rendered inadequate by global trends that defy comprehension, let alone policy. The inability to give meaning to global changes reflects ,,,academic advisors are unaware of broader intellectual debates, or resistant to them, or choose not to understand them, and why?

Solvency

--Egypt will reject military assistance – otherwise the plan trades off with stability

Reuters 8-18

“US and Egypt Scrap Major Military Drill for this Year”, 2k11, , CMR

CAIRO/WASHINGTON — Egypt and the United States are scrapping ,,,military's role as interim leaders of the country played a role in the decision.

Egypt Economy—1NC

--No impact to Suez closure

Learsy 11 [Raymond, Scholar and author, "Over a Barrel: Breaking Oil's Grip on Our Future", Feb 6, , CMR]

Over the past days, the airwaves and talking heads have ,,,would be a hindrance but hardly the disaster portrayed in the media and our friends at OPEC.

1. No impact on the global economy

Momani, 11 - Ph.D. in Political Science, Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of Waterloo, Senior Fellow at the Centre for International Governance Innovation (Bessma, 2/13/11, "Egyptian revolution will have little impact on global economy", http://www.cigionline.org/articles/2011/02/egyptian-revolution-will-have-little-impact-global-economy)

The uprising in Egypt and the departure of Hosni Mubarak may be revolutionary for the Egyptian people, but it remains to be seen whether the events will be a crisis for the international community. For one thing, the upheaval is unlikely to produce ,,,and speculation and could benefit from stronger political-economy analysis.

2. Economy robust and sustainable

Dunne et. al., 11 - *Senior Associate at the Carnegie Endowment, Former Specialist on Middle East Affairs at the U.S. Department of State and White House (*Michele, Jeffrey Gedmin, Marek Dabrowski, Uri Dadush, Hafez Ghanem, Mara Revkin, Dalibor Rohac, Dessy Roussanova, Michal Safianik, AND Tarik Yousef, July 2011, "Egypt’s Democratic Transition: Five Important Myths About the Economy and International Assistance", http://carnegieendowment.org/2011/07/21/egypt-s-democratic-transition-five-important-myths-about-economy-and-international-assistance/41ca)

Although Egypt faces serious economic challenges, ,,,manufactured goods, as well as Suez Canal fees.

4. Economy bouncing back—multiple indicators

ESIS, 8/16 - Egypt State Information Service (8/16/11, "Recovery of Egypt’s Economy", http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/Story.aspx?sid=57421)

Experts believe that Egypt has every reason to ,,,economic and social reform policies in Egypt.

Leadership Adv

--Multiple alt causes – Obama’s foreign policy is an epic failure

Gardiner, 8-8 [Nile Gardiner is a Washington-based foreign affairs analyst and political commentator, “ The stunning decline of Barack Obama 2011 edition: 10 key reasons why the Obama presidency continues to melt down”, , CMR

US foreign policy under President Obama remains a staggering mess. ,,,US leadership has dramatically fallen across the world since Obama took office.

--Palestine tanks US credibility—key issue

Dorsey 9-15---Senior Fellow at the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies [James, “UNSC vote on Palestine State: US Credibility at Stake”, , CMR]

THE PALESTINE Authority is preparing to confront ,,, tackle the country’s severe economic problems is in question and with presidential elections looming in just over a year.

--Hegemony fails at resolving conflicts.

Maher 11—PhD candidate in Political Science @ Brown

Richard, Ph.D. candidate in the Political Science department at Brown University, The Paradox of American Unipolarity: Why the United States Will Be Better Off in a Post-Unipolar World, 11/12/2010 Orbis, ScienceDirect

And yet, despite this material preeminence, the United ,,,necessary for the United States to start thinking about how best to position itself in the “post-unipolar” world.

--US-Turkey relations are in decline – plan restores them

Grigoriadis, ’10 [Dr. Ioannis N. Grigoriadis is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Political Science, Bilkent University, “Friends No More?”, Volume 64, Number 1, Winter 2010, Project Muse, CMR]

This article examines the rise of anti-American nationalism in ,,,may suffer a new slump.

--That prevents TNW removal – risks nuclear war

Lamond & Ingram, ‘9 [Claudine Lamond and Paul Ingram, “Politics around US tactical nuclear weapons in European host states”, Jan 23, , CMR]

Yet the sustained presence of US nuclear weapons ,,,come up with alternative, more valuable measures that demonstrate commitment.

--Kagan is wrong – hegemony isn’t key to global security - withdrawal eliminates free-riding which solves their impacts

Logan, ’11 – assoc. director of foreign policy studies @ Cato

[Justin, “Best Defense”, Feb 23, , CMR]

His argument centers on three claims. First, Kagan alleges that America faces a dire threat environment ,,,terms that could describe this phenomenon, but "fiscal responsibility" is not one of them.

The global democratization project is not about democracy but solidifying neoliberal social relations and the protection of a stable nation-state to support unbridled capitalist accumulation.  Democracy promotion is a thin veil for buttressing international elite control and exploitation

Ayers 9

(Alison J.  Simon Fraser University, Imperial Liberties: Democractisation and Governance in the New Imperial Order, Political Studies Vol. 57, pg. 1-27)

The preponderance of ‘informal’ rather than … integral to the world-historical constitution of capitalist sociality and the imperatives of capitalist accumulation.

Democracy promotion is a form of intervention to make nations conform to the ethnocentric standards of the liberal democratic principles that have become naturalized as the only true form of democracy.  Not only does this form of thinking suppress and de-legitimate other forms of democracy but it also produces a form of violent exclusions as nations who do not conform are rendered ontological outlaws of IR

Hobson 8

(Christopher, Department of International Politics, Aberystwyth University, Wales, UK, Democracy as Civilisation, Global Society 22.1, January)

Democratic governance has become the … while non-democracies increasingly are targeted as obstacles on the road to “perpetual peace”.

Neoliberalism is a genocidal impulse that leads to extinction

Santos, sociology prof, 3 (Boaventura de Sousa, Professor of Sociology at the School of Economics, University of Coimbra (Portugal) and Distinguished Scholar at the University of Wisconsin-Madison Law School. "Collective Suicide?" March 28, 2003 online http://www.ces.fe.uc.pt/opiniao/bss/072en.php)

According to Franz Hinkelammert, the West has repeatedly been … of democracy and liberty turns into a machine of horror and destruction.

Reject the affirmative in order to reverse the depoliticisation of democracy- only the move can enable the critical enquiry necessary to raise the foundational question that can reverse the violence of the 1ac’s universalization of democracy and their interventionist impulse.  Our alternative is mutually exclusive with democracy promotion because it views democracy as an ongoing and contentious process that transcends the desire to export the liberal democratic model

Hobson 9

(Christopher, Department of International Politics, Aberystwyth University, Wales, UK, Beyond the End of History: The Need for a ‘Radical Historicisation’ of Democracy in International Relations, Millennium 37.3)

It has been argued that the contingency and contextuality …  and political ascendancy of this unique and rare form of rule.

Middle Easterners are not in control of their own destiny- Russia will intervene to stop the spread of democracy.  Only western intervention can counter Russia influence and prevent the mid-east from slipping into war and dictatorship

Nyquist 11

(J.R.  Analyst and commentator on Russia’s geopolitical security and economic posturing, 9/11 and the Arab Spring, [10/8/11])

After the tenth anniversary of 9/11 we find a democratic spirit sweeping the Middle East. … or another round of despotism.

The affirmatives process of criticism is at the core of the Marxist strategy to divide and disillusion American youth- the space of the debate is a key site to resist this knowledge production in order to avert Soviet domination

Rogue 11

(This author is a political analyst and opinion-editorialist, with articles published at AmericanThinker. He holds a Master’s degree in Russian, East European, and Eurasian Studies and is a PhD. student in Political Science, with specializations in International Relations and Comparative Politics. He speaks fluent Russian and worked in Moscow as a copy editor for the economic news agency Prime-Tass (prime-tass.com) and was International Programs Manager for Russia’s first liberal arts college [10/8/11])

Disappointment and disillusion among the … they always do. It is crucial that we do not join them.

The impact is a Russian first strike – they have been building up their arsenal and will jump at any signal of weakness
 Skousen 2k9

(Joel 9/25 Political scientist, editor-in-chief of the World Affairs Brief, “Canceled European missile Defense Signals New Disarmament Race to War,” World Affairs Brief

 [10/8/11])

The notion that the United States still had to be prepared to fight and win a protracted nuclear war today seemed out of touch with reality, given the fact that it has been six years since the collapse of the Soviet Union.” Certainly, the apparent collapse of … Obama administration so worrisome.

--Existing climate aid is sufficient to prevent and adapt to global warming but will face budget threats

Lefton 9-13 (Rebecca Lefton is a Policy Analyst with the Energy Team at American Progress, “The Debt Deal and Budget Process Threaten Critical Climate Aid Funding”, , CMR)

For the last several years, the … was still up to 30 percent less than the administration’s core climate change request.

--Plan trades off with development assistance and other USAID programs – each project competes for funding

Lisa Schirch, executive director of the 3D Security Initiative and professor of Peace and Conflict Studies at Eastern Mennonite University, 4-27-2007, “7 Obstacles to Budgeting for 3D Security”, http://www.3dsecurity.org/node/138

1. Institutional Divisions Create Obstacles for Development and … to ensuring adequate investments in development and diplomacy.

--Extinction

Antholis 10 [William J, Managing Director @ Brookings, Strobe Talbott, President @ Brookings, “Leaving a Good Legacy”, http://www.brookings.edu/opinions/2010/0607_global_warming_talbott_antholis.aspx]

Beyond the political stakes, there … no time to lose.

Capitalism checks war – eliminates resource completion and causes bargaining

Erik Gartzke, ’10. University of California, San Diego, Joseph Hewitt, University of Maryland, “International Crises and the Capitalist Peace”, May 18, , CMR

The determinants of political violence can be said to occur in two … markets create transparency.

Cap key to the environment

Professor James Q. Wilson The Hilton, Sydney, October 15, 1997 "The Morality of Capitalism" 26 years as Professor of Government at Harvard University, served on a number of national commissions in the United States concerned with public policy, , CMR

It is also the case that capitalism makes it easier to deal with … makes that possible. 

Critics of capitalism use deficient scholarship- their offense is epistemologically flawed-this card slays their kritik

Carden, 4 – graduate student in economics at Washington University in St. Louis (Art, June, The Free Market, The Mises Institute Monthly, "Mistaken Identity," vol. 24, no. 6, , CMR)

It is always the fashion among many intellectuals to … the contrary, the market works. And we can take that to the bank.

Capitalism solves war

Cudd 10 – Dean of Humanities and Professor of Philosophy @ KU

Anne Cudd, “Capitalism for and Against: A Feminist Debate,” Google Book

Does capitalism ,,, the necessary condition for capitalist development.

Imperial wars pre-date capitalism by centuries, war is illogical under capitalism because it destroys wealth

MacKenzie 3 – PhD in Economics

D.W. MacKenzie, PhD in Economics, “Does Capitalism Require War?”  4-7-2003 http://www.mises.org/fullstory.asp?control=1201

Perhaps the oddest aspect of these ,,, inflicts poverty by destroying existing wealth. There is no sound reason to think otherwise.

Cap not root cause of their impacts or structural violence– the 1AC’s methodology over-explains.

Geras ‘5 (Norman, Emeritus Professor of Politics at the University of Manchester, "The Reductions of the Left," Dissent, 52:1, Winter, p. 57-58)

THE SECOND PART of the answer-to which I now turn-is a seeming lack of ,,,, at the micro-level and at the macro-level, involving large social forces.

Only capitalism makes ethics possible by giving individuals the freedom to determine their own morality. Central planning is unethical because it is contrary to freedom.

Edward Romar, Lecturer in Management – U. Mass. Boston College of Management, Journal of Business Ethics, “Noble Markets: The Noble/Slave Ethic in Hayek’s Free Market Capitalism”, 85:57-66, 2009, Springer

Like Nietzsche, Hayek, though acutely aware of  the importance of ethics ,,, free reign and the just and moral society  will follow according to its own principles. 

Prefer our evidence – they conflate bad human decision making with capitalism

Richards 9 – PhD in Philosophy @ Princeton

Jay Richards, PhD with honors in Philosophy and Theology from Princeton, “Money, Greed, and God: Why Capitalism Is the Solution and Not the Problem,” pg. 164

Too many critics confuse the free market with the bad ,,, to family breakdown, was much worse in statist and communist countries.

Cap inevitable

The Australian, ‘9

(Staff Writer, “The Case for Capitalism,” 6-25-2009, http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,25685611-16382,00.html)

THE way Australians are selling out of shares will delight doomsayers, giving them additional evidence for their argument that capitalism has failed and that only the state can save us from privation. The number of shareholders has slumped by 14 per cent from 2004, when more than half of us had portfolios. But the problem with the cassandras' commentary is that while they are obviously accurate in pointing to the damage down by the global financial crisis, they have misunderstood the nature of the disease and are peddling a snake oil solution to an imaginary malady. Whatever critics, including Kevin Rudd, claim, there was no crisis in capitalism last year; … is very different from constraining capitalism itself.

--Capitalism sustainable – tech & alternatives

Goklany ‘7 – PhD, science and tech policy analyst for the US Dept of the Interior

Indur M, M.S. and Ph.D are from Michigan State University, “the improving state of the world”, page number below in [brackets]

It may be argued that the improvements in human well-being have been … more expensive as it becomes scarcer or technological innovation reduces the price of substitutes. [Page 97-100]

Politics

--Economic collapse kills democracy assistance – aff solvency takes decades

Imara, ’11. “A Time for Foreign Aid Cuts”, April 11, , CMR

Many have written here and elsewhere on the common fallacies in American political thought regarding … foreign policy and pursuit of US interests, nor balancing the budget.

AT—No Spillover / PC Not Key / Dickinson

--Presidential leadership shapes the agenda

Kuttner 11 (Robert, Senior Fellow – Demos and Co-editor – American Prospect, “Barack Obama's Theory of Power,” The American Prospect, 5-16, http://prospect.org/cs/articles?article=barack_obamas_theory_of_power)

As the political scientist Richard Neustadt observed … public agenda.

AT: Thumpers

--It’s top of the agenda—other issues aren’t priority

Boyer 1-12 (Dave, “Chamber chief critical of Obama’s jobs agenda”, , CMR)

In his annual speech on the state of American business, U.S. Chamber of Commerce .. agreed to extend the tax relief through February.

A2 State of the Union

--Nothing will pass, just rhetoric

Alter 1-19 (Jonathon, “Obama Should Go Big and Bold for State of Union: Jonathan Alter”, , CMR)

This year, nobody expects anything serious to pass Congress, … programs will be paid for.

A2 Keystone

Keystone was a win-win decision – doesn’t hurt PC

Berman, 1-18-12 – Dan, “Keystone XL pipeline decision rallies left and right,” POLITICO, http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0112/71619.html#ixzz1jqgFq2Dl

President Barack Obama’s rejection of the Keystone XL pipeline … create thousands of jobs. And did we mention gas prices are on the rise?

A2 Solyndra

--Obama defects Solyndra

Restuccia 1/19 (“Obama parries Solyndra attacks in first campaign ad”, , CMR)

President Obama came out swinging in his first campaign advertisement, … loan guarantee to please campaign donors.

--Nuclear war causes extinction—most qualified evidence

Robock ’11 (Alan, Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, “Nuclear winter is a real and present danger”, May 18, , CMR)

 Climate 2NC

--Even if it’s secret reprogramming Congress will still backlash

Stone & Bendery 11 Andrea Stone is senior national correspondent for The Huffington Post AND Jennifer Bendery is Roll Call's White House correspondent "Obama Middle East Speech: President Will Announce Billions In Economic Aid to Egypt, Tunisia" 5/18 www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/05/18/obama-middle-east-speech-billions-aid_n_863927.html

President Barack Obama will announce plans Thursday to … expect other lawmakers to surface with similar objections to erasing Egypt's debt.

--The transfer of funds will still drain capital even if there’s no legislation

Guttman 11 [Nathan Jewish Daily "Congress Wielding Foreign Aid Budget in Effort to Influence Shape of New Middle East" May 27 , CMR]

Congress’s power of the purse is emerging as a key factor in …civilian aid to meet urgent needs such as housing.

Consult Congress CP 2NC Overview

Lack of consultation turns the case—leads to poor resource allocation, failed cooperation with recipients, and weak signal for credibility

Glen ’11 (Patrick J, Georgetown University Law Center, “The ADVANCE Democracy Act and the Future of United States Democracy Promotion Efforts”, , CMR)

The remaining “policy” sections of the Act pertain to cooperative ventures with other … and economically disbursed and spent.

A2: Perm – Do CP

//The CP competes through opportunity cost

Birks, ’99 [Stuart Birks, senior lecturer in economics at Massey University in Palmerston North, New Zealand, in the Dept. of Applied and International Economics, “Opportunity Cost,” Economic Tools for Schools,” 199p, http://74.125.95.132/search?q=cache:_gBi--PMxd4J:econ.massey.ac.nz/cppe/schools/etfs1.pdf+%22what+is+opportunity+cost%3F%22+%22choice+due+to+scarcity%22&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=1&gl=us]

What is opportunity cost? The opportunity cost …, for example. Hence it is a matter of choice due to scarcity. 

---SECOND, “should” means done now

Summer 94 (Justice, Oklahoma Supreme Court, “Kelsey v. Dollarsaver Food Warehouse of Durant”, http://www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/DeliverDocument.asp?CiteID=20287#marker3fn14)

4 The legal question to be resolved by the court …, as opposed to something that will or would become effective in the future

And, that requires certainty-the CP is indefinite

Nieto ‘9 [Judge Henry Nieto, Colorado Court of Appeals, 8-20-2009 People v. Munoz, 240 P.3d 311 (Colo. Ct. App. 2009)]

“Should” is “used . . . to express … stating that child support expenditures “should” be allocated for the purpose of parents’ federal tax exemption to be mandatory).

A2: Consult Bad

Counter Interpretation – The negative can only run consult counterplans that test the domestic agent and are constitutionally based. 

A.  We meet – consultation was the framers intent – it’s constitutionally based

Hamilton, 2k4

[Lee H., president and director of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, vice chairman of the 9/11 Commission, serves on the President's Homeland Security Advisory Council, previously served in the United States House of Representatives for 34 years, co-chair of the Iraq Study Group, How Congress Works and Why You Should Care, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, pg. 20-21]

Yet throughout those years I was disappointed in every … policies that both advance national interests and reflect the views of the American people.

//


////


////


// 

AT: Regional Response Funds

--Even if it’s secret reprogramming Congress will still backlash

Stone & Bendery 11 Andrea Stone is senior national correspondent for The Huffington Post AND Jennifer Bendery is Roll Call's White House correspondent "Obama Middle East Speech: President Will Announce Billions In Economic Aid to Egypt, Tunisia" 5/18 www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/05/18/obama-middle-east-speech-billions-aid_n_863927.html

President Barack Obama will announce plans Thursday to … expect other lawmakers to surface with similar objections to erasing Egypt's debt.

--The transfer of funds will still drain capital even if there’s no legislation

Guttman 11 [Nathan Jewish Daily "Congress Wielding Foreign Aid Budget in Effort to Influence Shape of New Middle East" May 27 , CMR]

Congress’s power of the purse is emerging as a key factor in …civilian aid to meet urgent needs such as housing.

2NC Overview* (0:45)

Lack of consultation turns the case—leads to poor resource allocation, failed cooperation with recipients, and weak signal for credibility

Glen ’11 (Patrick J, Georgetown University Law Center, “The ADVANCE Democracy Act and the Future of United States Democracy Promotion Efforts”, , CMR)

The remaining “policy” sections of the Act pertain to cooperative ventures with other … and economically disbursed and spent.

A2: Perm – Do CP

//The CP competes through opportunity cost

Birks, ’99 [Stuart Birks, senior lecturer in economics at Massey University in Palmerston North, New Zealand, in the Dept. of Applied and International Economics, “Opportunity Cost,” Economic Tools for Schools,” 199p, http://74.125.95.132/search?q=cache:_gBi--PMxd4J:econ.massey.ac.nz/cppe/schools/etfs1.pdf+%22what+is+opportunity+cost%3F%22+%22choice+due+to+scarcity%22&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=1&gl=us]

What is opportunity cost? The opportunity cost …, for example. Hence it is a matter of choice due to scarcity. 

---SECOND, “should” means done now

Summer 94 (Justice, Oklahoma Supreme Court, “Kelsey v. Dollarsaver Food Warehouse of Durant”, http://www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/DeliverDocument.asp?CiteID=20287#marker3fn14)

4 The legal question to be resolved by the court …, as opposed to something that will or would become effective in the future

And, that requires certainty-the CP is indefinite

Nieto ‘9 [Judge Henry Nieto, Colorado Court of Appeals, 8-20-2009 People v. Munoz, 240 P.3d 311 (Colo. Ct. App. 2009)]

“Should” is “used . . . to express … stating that child support expenditures “should” be allocated for the purpose of parents’ federal tax exemption to be mandatory).

A2: Consult Bad

Counter Interpretation – The negative can only run consult counterplans that test the domestic agent and are constitutionally based. 

A.  We meet – consultation was the framers intent – it’s constitutionally based

Hamilton, 2k4

[Lee H., president and director of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, vice chairman of the 9/11 Commission, serves on the President's Homeland Security Advisory Council, previously served in the United States House of Representatives for 34 years, co-chair of the Iraq Study Group, How Congress Works and Why You Should Care, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, pg. 20-21]

Yet throughout those years I was disappointed in every … policies that both advance national interests and reflect the views of the American people.

--Economic collapse kills democracy assistance – aff solvency takes decades

Imara, ’11. “A Time for Foreign Aid Cuts”, April 11, , CMR

Many have written here and elsewhere on the common fallacies in American political thought regarding … foreign policy and pursuit of US interests, nor balancing the budget.

AT—No Spillover / PC Not Key / Dickinson

--Presidential leadership shapes the agenda

Kuttner 11 (Robert, Senior Fellow – Demos and Co-editor – American Prospect, “Barack Obama's Theory of Power,” The American Prospect, 5-16, http://prospect.org/cs/articles?article=barack_obamas_theory_of_power)

As the political scientist Richard Neustadt observed … public agenda.

AT: Thumpers

--It’s top of the agenda—other issues aren’t priority

Boyer 1-12 (Dave, “Chamber chief critical of Obama’s jobs agenda”, , CMR)

In his annual speech on the state of American business, U.S. Chamber of Commerce .. agreed to extend the tax relief through February.

A2 State of the Union

--Nothing will pass, just rhetoric

Alter 1-19 (Jonathon, “Obama Should Go Big and Bold for State of Union: Jonathan Alter”, , CMR)

This year, nobody expects anything serious to pass Congress, … programs will be paid for.

A2 Keystone

Keystone was a win-win decision – doesn’t hurt PC

Berman, 1-18-12 – Dan, “Keystone XL pipeline decision rallies left and right,” POLITICO, http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0112/71619.html#ixzz1jqgFq2Dl

President Barack Obama’s rejection of the Keystone XL pipeline … create thousands of jobs. And did we mention gas prices are on the rise?

A2 Solyndra

--Obama defects Solyndra

Restuccia 1/19 (“Obama parries Solyndra attacks in first campaign ad”, , CMR)

President Obama came out swinging in his first campaign advertisement, … loan guarantee to please campaign donors.

1NC Impact

--Global war

Tilford ‘8 [Earl Tilford, PhD in history from George Washington University and served for thirty-two years as a military officer and analyst with the Air Force and Army, 2008, “Critical Mass: Economic Leadership or Dictatorship,” The Cedartown Standard, Lexis, CMR]

Could it happen again? Bourgeois democracy requires a vibrant capitalist system. … point very quickly.

2NC Impact Ext

Err neg on probability – only impact based off studies

Royal 10 [Jedediah Royal, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, 2010, Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises,? in Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-215]

Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may … presented here should be considered ancillary to those views.

--Economic recovery solves their impacts – causes interdependence

Daniel Griswold, director of the Center for Trade Policy Studies, 4/20/’7, Trade, Democracy and Peace, p. http://www.freetrade.org/node/681

A second and even more potent way that trade has promoted peace is by promoting … raised the economic cost of war.

Economic downturns lead to increased marginalization of women in order to secure the working place for men

Schecter 82

(Susan, Activist and Gender organizer, Women and male violence, pg. 289)

In the plans of the Right, women are … that shelters interfere with the privacy of the family.

Growth good – extinction

--Try-or-die – Growth key to prevent extinction – poverty – disease – hunger - environment

Goklany ‘7 – PhD, science and tech policy analyst for the US Dept of the Interior

Indur M, M.S. and Ph.D are from Michigan State University, “the improving state of the world”, page number below in [brackets]

Thanks to the cycle of progress, humanity, though more populous … we cannot expand current limits to growth.

--Growth is good – a collapse world revert back to the same conditions

Lewis, ‘94. Lecturer in history and director of the International Relations program at Stanford (Martin, Green Delusions, p. 8, Google Books)

Radical environmentalism is similarly culpable on the … bred in zoological gardens (Conway 1988).

We’re on the verge of a global consciousness shift towards biosperic empathy – makes growth environmental sustainable and solves every impact – collapse now destroys transition

Rifkin 10 – Jeremy Rifkin, President of the Foundation on Economic Trends, January 11, 2010, “'The Empathic Civilization': Rethinking Human Nature in the Biosphere Era,” online:

The pivotal turning points in human consciousness … time interconnected via smart grids to other regions across countries and continents.

AT: Environment

Their studies are flawed

Levinson 2k

Levinson, Professor of Economics at Georgetown University, 2K (Arik, November/December, “The Ups and Downs of the Environmental Kuznets Curve” UCF/CentER Conference on Environment)

By and large, the papers in this literature manage to … countries. This, it turns out, is a far simpler point to make than predicting an entire inverse-U-shape pollution-income path.

Growth doesn’t increase environmental degradation

Levinson 2k

Levinson, Professor of Economics at Georgetown University, 2K (Arik, November/December, “The Ups and Downs of the Environmental Kuznets Curve” UCF/CentER Conference on Environment)

Grossman and Krueger (1995), who sparked this literature, wrote in their abstract … these three points will be important to keep in mind.

complementery policies solve

Munasinghe, Distinguished Visiting Professor of Environment Management at the University of Colombo, ’99 (Mohan, April, “Is environmental degradation an inevitable consequence of economic growth: tunneling through the environmental Kuznets curve” Ecological Economics, Vol 29 Issue 1, p 89-109, Science Direct)

Some linkages between economy-wide policies and the environment that … polluting emissions per unit of economic activity help to diminish the environmental burden.

Counter-currents Indict (Barry)

Reject evidence from counter-currents

Matthew No Date

Binu, “Countercurrents Article Submission Policy”, http://www.countercurrents.org/articles.htm

Countercurrents.org welcome articles from writers, … staff, we cannot spend much time editing submissions. Please send us final drafts of your work.

AT: Peak Oil

Peak oil flawed- empirically disproved and tech solves

CERA ‘6

(Cambridge Energy Research Associates, “World Running Out of Oil Soon”, Nov 14, online)

In contrast to a widely discussed theory that world oil production will soon reach a peak … and the opening of new frontier areas has banished the specter of decline.  There’s no reason to think that technology is finished this time.”

TEXT: The United States federal government should offer sufficient lines of long-term and low-interest credit to Libya exclusively for the purpose of contracting democratic government support from the United States federal government.

--CP is definitively competitive---affs have to be unconditional and not for profit---no topical reading of the plan could be extension of credit

Richard Lappin 10 is Ph. D candidiate at Leuven Centre for Peace Research and Strategic Studiesnell Medical Center. "What We Talk About When We Talk About Democracy Assistance: The Problem of Definition in Post-Conflict Approaches" CEJISS 2010 V4 Issue 1 , CMR

By the end of the 1990s, the term ‘democracy … is therefore a very precise instrument within a broader democracy promotion paradigm.

CP solves the case better---

--First, it’s key to tempering capital inflows---the plan causes exchange-rate overvaluation which crushes their economy

Lahiri et al 10/23 Sajal Lahiri is a Professor of Economics at the University of Essex, AND Subhayu Bandyopadhyay is a research officer in the Research Division of the. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, AND Javed Younas is assistant professor of economics at the American University of Sharjah, "Should Easier Access to International Credit Replace Foreign Aid?" IZA Discussion Paper No. 6024 Oct 23 2011 papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1948020, CMR

Much has been written about the effectiveness or otherwise … than foreign aid. We shall examine if that is indeed the case, and revisit this issue both theoretically and empirically.

--That turns the whole case

Ben-Meir 11/1 Alon Ben-Meir Senior Fellow, NYU's Center for Global Affairs , CMR

Whereas political reforms are needed and necessary, ...maintaining order and stability.

DA

--Tunisian instability increases tourism and FDI in the UAE—political liberalization from the plan reverses that

Lickteig 10-7 (Karen, works in the Middle East Studies Center at Portland State University in Portland Oregon, “Gulf Economies Benefit From Arab Spring”, , CMR)

The Arab countries most affected by protests have been … economic incentives especially attractive.

--FDI is key to UAE’s real estate sector

Economic Times, 8 (5-27-08, “Foreign investment spurs Dubai real estate growth,” http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2008-05-27/news/27708062_1_foreign-investment-real-estate-sector-uae)

The real estate sector in Dubai is being driven … opportunities in the UAE.

--UAE real estate decline collapses the US economy

Rosales ‘9 (Lani, named one of Real Estate’s 100 Most Influencial, as well as 12 Most Influencial Women in Real Estate, 11-30-09, “Dubai’s Economic Meltdown May Extend to U.S. Shores,” http://agentgenius.com/real-estate-news-events/dubais-economic-meltdown-extend-to-u-s-shores/, accessed 7-9-11)

Anyone following the world market knows that Dubai is in the middle of a meltdown and for those not … yet. It’s a small world and we’re all connected, especially in real estate.

--Global war—turns democracy

Tilford ‘8 [Earl Tilford, PhD in history from George Washington University and served for thirty-two years as a military officer and analyst with the Air Force and Army, 2008, “Critical Mass: Economic Leadership or Dictatorship,” The Cedartown Standard, Lexis, CMR]

Could it happen again? Bourgeois democracy requires a vibrant capitalist system. Without it, the role of the individual shrinks as government expands. At the very least, the dimensions of the U.S. government economic intervention will foster a growth in bureaucracy to administer the multi-faceted programs necessary for implementation. Bureaucracies, once established, inevitably become self-serving … world affairs move; the world could devolve to that point very quickly.

posted with full text so that all may champion liberty

Foreign aid is government coercion and destroys liberty

DiLorenzo, ‘5 – Professor of Economics at Loyola College (Thomas, 1/6/05, “A Foreign Aid Disaster in the Making,” http://www.mises.org/fullstory.aspx?Id=1715)

Politicians are bound to politicize this disaster, as they do with all other world events, in a way that helps them accumulate more power and confiscate more wealth from their citizens. Specifically, now that they are becoming rather fond of portraying themselves as internationalized Mother Teresas, coming to the aid of anyone, anywhere, as long as it is all paid for by their hard-working, hapless taxpayers, they will be inclined to become champions of ever-expanding foreign aid spending. To do this they will have to ignore the truth about foreign aid: For over half a century, it has been either ineffective or counterproductive in stimulating prosperity. The late Peter Bauer (Lord Bauer) devoted his entire career to studying the law of unintended consequences as it applied to foreign aid, and many of his conclusions are summarized in his 1991 book, The Development Frontier. First of all, notes Bauer, foreign aid is not "aid" but a transfer or subsidy. And it is typically not a transfer to the poor and needy but to governments. Thus, the predominant effect of "foreign aid" has always been to enlarge the size and scope of the state, which always ends up impairing prosperity and diminishing the liberty of the people. Worse yet, it leads to the centralization of governmental power, since the transfers are always to the recipient country’s central government.

Moral side constraint

Petro, 74 – Professor at Wake Forest (Sylvester, Spring 1974, Toledo Law Review, p. 480)

However, one may still insist, echoing Ernest Hemingway - "I believe in only one thing: liberty."  And it is always well to bear in mind David Hume's observation: "It is seldom that liberty of any kind is lost all at once."  Thus, it is unacceptable to say that the invasion of one aspect of freedom is of no import because there have been invasions of so many other aspects.  That road leads to chaos, tyranny, despotism, and the end of all human aspiration.  Ask Solzhenitsyn.  Ask Milovan Dijas.  In sum, if one believed in freedom as a supreme value and the proper ordering principle for any society aiming to maximize spiritual and material welfare, then every invasion of freedom must be emphatically identified and resisted with undying spirit.

The United States federal government should alter tax law for private foundations and individuals that provide technical assistance for democratic governance in Libya.

--Eliminating the prohibition against lobbying activities by private foundations

--Applying a charitable deduction for private contributions that provide technical assistance for democratic governance in Libya

Removing tax exemption restrictions encourages a wave of private aid

Crimm, 3

(Law Prof-St. John’s, “Through a post-September 11 Looking Glass: Assessing the Roles of Federal Tax Laws and Tax Policies Applicable to Global Philanthropy by Private Foundations and their Donor,” 23 Va. Tax Rev. 1)

The events of September 11 provided a compelling catalyst for the Bush administration to analyze this nation's foreign …. and effective global philanthropy.

That’s key to expand private democracy assistance

Crimm, 5

(Law Prof-St. John’s, Democratization, Global Grant-Making, and the Internal Revenue Code Lobbying Restrictions, 79 Tul. L. Rev. 587)

The U.S. government is committed to spreading democracy throughout the world. This goal has become particularly … paid domestically and abroad for not doing so far outweighs the risks of refraining from cautious experimentation.

a. Indian relations are unsustainable and trade-off with multilateral engagement --- impact is prolif, , terrorism

Perkovich 10 (George, Vice President for Studies, Director of the Nuclear Policy Program – Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, and Ph.D. – University of Virginia, “Toward Realistic U.S.-Indian Relations”, Carnegie Report, October, http://carnegieendowment.org/fles/realistic_us_india_relations.pdf)

However, the special treatment of India was unrealistic … to make trade-offs to achieve a greater good.

b. Prolif causes extinction.

Utgoff ’02 [Victor, Deputy Director of Strategy, Forces, & Resources Division of Institute for Defense Analysis, Survival, summer]

Escalation of violence is also basic human nature. Once the …, even in the face of nuclear threats. 

Terrorism causes  extinction

Wright, Senior Fellow at New America, 7—prize winning author of best winning books. Visiting scholar at The University of Pennsylvania and Schwartz Senior Fellow at the New America Foundation. Attended TCU, finished his interdisciplinary degree in public and international affairs at Princeton (Robert, 4/28, Planet Of The Apes, http://select.nytimes.com/2007/04/28/opinion/28wright.html, AG)

(3) Terrorism. Alas, the negative-feedback loop -- bad outcomes lead to smart policies -- …, along with our mishandling of it.

a. Relations cause Indian space weapons --- sparks accidental nuclear war
Hoey 10 (Matthew, Director – Military Space Transparency Project, and Joan Johnson-Freese, Professor – Naval War College, “India: Militarizing Space with U.S. Help”, Foreign Policy in Focus, 11-8, http://www.towardfreedom .com/asia/2172-india-militarizing-space-with-us-help)

U.S. President Barack Obama and Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh have a … dangerous situation, is asleep at the wheel.

b. Goes global --- India’s a key model
 Guiney 8 (Jessica, Research Analyst – CDI, “India’s Space Ambitions: Headed Toward Space War?”, Center for Defense Information, May,http://www.cdi.org/pdfs/GuineyIndiaSpace.pdf)

In March of last year, Indian President A.P.J. Kalam addressed the Indian Air Force (IAF) president’s fleet review … serve as a bell-weather for trends across the board.

c. Extinction
 Gordon 01 Mitchell et al, Associate Professor of Communication at the University of Pittsburg, 2001. ISIS Briefing on Ballistic Missile Defense no. 6,
 July, http://www.isisuk.demon.co.uk/0811/isis/uk/bmd/no6.html.

A buildup of space weapons might begin with noble intentions … in space could plunge the world into the most destructive military conflict ever seen.

a. US-India relations escalates Indo-China border disputes.

Praful Bidwai on July 7, 2007 (The Dawn/IPS News, “India’s growing relations with US annoy China,” http://www.dawn.com/2007/07/07/int10.htm)

However, the deeper implications of Rice’s statement were not lost on New Delhi as …  price that India pays for courting the US.”

b. nuclear war

Jeremy Kahn on October 10, 2009 (International journalist for Newsweek, “Why India Fears China,” http://www.newsweek.com/2009/10/09/why-india-fears-china.html)

China claims some 90,000 square kilometers of Indian territory. And most of those … as in the case of Taiwan, or as a mediator trying to separate the two sides.

a. Stronger US-India relations create a multipolar Asia
 Stokes 10 – international economics columnist for National Journal, a Washington-based public policy magazine. He is a member and former fellow of the Council on Foreign Relations, where he directed the Trade Program. He was also a member of President Clinton's Commission on United States-Pacific Trade and Investment Policy, and a Japan Society fellow from 1987 to 1989 (Bruce, 2/13/10 “The US and India: Friendship, Warily”, Center for a New American Security, National Journal, http://www.cnas.org/node/4111)

More broadly, Indians are uncomfortable with China playing … needs Washington to stay the course in Afghanistan and keep a strong U.S. naval presence in the Indian Ocean.

b. Multipolar Asia increases tensions and causes Indo-Sino nuclear war
 Keling 09 – Faculty at College of Law, Government and International Studies University of Utara, Malaysia (Mohamad Faisol, “The Emergence of India as New Military Power: Threat or Opportunity to Southeast Asia?” Asian Social Science, Vol. 5, No. 4, April, 2009, http://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ass/article/viewFile/1299/1260)

The interest to defend Indian Territory had started since 1960, following the development …). On the other hand, land ballistic missile would pass areas that are neighboring Southeast Asia to reach the target in China.

---No anthropogenic warming – cloud feedbacks AND PDO proves***

Spencer ‘10 – climatologist and a Principal Research Scientist for U. of Alabama

[Roy W, Ph.D. in meteorology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 1981, former Senior Scientist for Climate Studies at NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center, where he and Dr. John Christy received NASA’s Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal for their global temperature monitoring work with satellites, “The Great Global Warming Blunder: How Mother Nature Fooled the World's Top Climate Scientists”, pg # below]

IN SCIENCE it only takes only one finding to … remained too small to be measured. They have to be calculated theoretically before being input into climate models. <153-156>

--Adaptation solves their impacts – but the the aff/neg doesn’t

Goklany, PhD, ’11 [Dr. Indur, independent scholar who has worked with federal and state governments, think tanks, and the private sector over 35 years, former representative to the IPCC, former Julian Simon Fellow at the Property and Environment Research Center, a visiting fellow the American Enterprise Institute, part of a chapter from “Climate Coup: Global Warmings Invasion of Our Government and Our Lives”, page # below, CMR]

It is often argued that unless greenhouse gases are reduced … the problem, whereas emission reductions would at most deal with only 13 percent. [182-184]

---No impact – media and scientists exaggerate catastrophic warming  

Spencer’8 – climatologist and a Principal Research Scientist for the University of Alabama in Huntsville

[Roy W, Ph.D. in meteorology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 1981, former Senior Scientist for Climate Studies at NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center, where he and Dr. John Christy received NASA’s Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal for their global temperature monitoring work with satellites, “Climate Confusion”, page number below]

The media can always find an expert who is … the newspaper, give a reporter some material that gives him hope of breaking the big story.  <25-26>

--Rising CO2 spurs plant growth ---- prevents famine ensuring global peace

Idso and Idso’99 [Dr. Sherwood, President, former Research Physicist with the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service at the U.S. Water Conservation Laboratory in Phoenix, Arizona and Dr. Keith,  Ph.D. in Botany at Arizona State University, President and Vice President of the Center for the Study of Carbon Dioxide and Global Change, CO2 Science, “Give Peace a Chance by Giving Plants a Chance”, Vol. 2, No. 19, 10-1, http://www.co2science.org/scripts/CO2ScienceB2C/articles/V2/N19/EDIT.jsp]

President Carter begins by stating that "when the Cold War … from enhanced agricultural productivity.

--Billions die – causes extinction

Winnail ’96. Douglas S. Winnail, PhD "On the Horizon: Famine," Sept-Oct ‘96 www.kurtsaxon.com/foods004.htm

In November 1996 the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization … on world food security ".

CONTINUES…

The clear implication is that things will get worse before they get … would be possible!