Use the first box for WYSIWYG editing, or pasting straight from Word.

Click the "edit" link at the top to edit all your entries.

Click the pencil to the right to edit an individual entry.

Click the Red X to delete this sample entry.

Use the button to Add an Entry.

Use the second box for cites formatted with wiki syntax or plain text, such as that exported from Verbatim 4.

Middle Easterners are not in control of their own destiny- Russia will intervene to stop the spread of democracy.  Only western intervention can counter Russia influence and prevent the mid-east from slipping into war and dictatorship

Nyquist 11

(J.R.  Analyst and commentator on Russia’s geopolitical security and economic posturing, 9/11 and the Arab Spring, [10/8/11])

After the tenth anniversary of 9/11 we find a democratic spirit sweeping the Middle East. … or another round of despotism.

The affirmatives process of criticism is at the core of the Marxist strategy to divide and disillusion American youth- the space of the debate is a key site to resist this knowledge production in order to avert Soviet domination

Rogue 11

(This author is a political analyst and opinion-editorialist, with articles published at AmericanThinker. He holds a Master’s degree in Russian, East European, and Eurasian Studies and is a PhD. student in Political Science, with specializations in International Relations and Comparative Politics. He speaks fluent Russian and worked in Moscow as a copy editor for the economic news agency Prime-Tass (prime-tass.com) and was International Programs Manager for Russia’s first liberal arts college [10/8/11])

Disappointment and disillusion among the … they always do. It is crucial that we do not join them.

The impact is a Russian first strike – they have been building up their arsenal and will jump at any signal of weakness
 Skousen 2k9

(Joel 9/25 Political scientist, editor-in-chief of the World Affairs Brief, “Canceled European missile Defense Signals New Disarmament Race to War,” World Affairs Brief

 [10/8/11])

The notion that the United States still had to be prepared to fight and win a protracted nuclear war today seemed out of touch with reality, given the fact that it has been six years since the collapse of the Soviet Union.” Certainly, the apparent collapse of … Obama administration so worrisome.

Text: The United States federal government should not increase political party support to the Egyptian Freedom and Justice Party and ban engagement with the Egyptian Freedom and Justice Party. The European Union should substantially increase political party support to the Egyptian Freedom and Justice Party, modeling its efforts off of the United States Middle East Partnership Initiative. The European Union should allow all Egyptian political parties to receive access to this assistance. The United States federal government will not respond to a terrorist attack with weapons of mass destruction or by placing its nuclear weapons arsenal on high alert.

--The CP solves the case—and is key to assert E.U. soft power

Dergham 7-28

Raghida, Lebanese-American journalist, correspondent for the pan-Arabian daily Al-Hayat and a well-known columnist and op-ed writer, In 2011, she was ranked among the 100 most influential women in the Arab world by the weekly Arabian Business, “ Europe has a role to play”, , (accessed August 23, 2011), CMR

America’s declining interest in international affairs … an actor and a partner with its own place on the world map, instead of being a funding organisation that falls into step behind polices that are decided by other powers.

--Solves climate change, pandemics, and terrorism

Joseph Nye, Harvard JFK School, “Europe’s Power to Lead”, The St. Petersburg Times, March 4, 2008, p. 17, , CMR

U.S. military might is not adequate to deal with threats such … of the future will be the evolution of European policies and power.

The global democratization project is not about democracy but solidifying neoliberal social relations and the protection of a stable nation-state to support unbridled capitalist accumulation.  Democracy promotion is a thin veil for buttressing international elite control and exploitation

Ayers 9

(Alison J.  Simon Fraser University, Imperial Liberties: Democractisation and Governance in the New Imperial Order, Political Studies Vol. 57, pg. 1-27)

The preponderance of ‘informal’ rather than … integral to the world-historical constitution of capitalist sociality and the imperatives of capitalist accumulation.

Democracy promotion is a form of intervention to make nations conform to the ethnocentric standards of the liberal democratic principles that have become naturalized as the only true form of democracy.  Not only does this form of thinking suppress and de-legitimate other forms of democracy but it also produces a form of violent exclusions as nations who do not conform are rendered ontological outlaws of IR

Hobson 8

(Christopher, Department of International Politics, Aberystwyth University, Wales, UK, Democracy as Civilisation, Global Society 22.1, January)

Democratic governance has become the … while non-democracies increasingly are targeted as obstacles on the road to “perpetual peace”.

Neoliberalism is a genocidal impulse that leads to extinction

Santos, sociology prof, 3 (Boaventura de Sousa, Professor of Sociology at the School of Economics, University of Coimbra (Portugal) and Distinguished Scholar at the University of Wisconsin-Madison Law School. "Collective Suicide?" March 28, 2003 online http://www.ces.fe.uc.pt/opiniao/bss/072en.php)

According to Franz Hinkelammert, the West has repeatedly been … of democracy and liberty turns into a machine of horror and destruction.

Reject the affirmative in order to reverse the depoliticisation of democracy- only the move can enable the critical enquiry necessary to raise the foundational question that can reverse the violence of the 1ac’s universalization of democracy and their interventionist impulse.  Our alternative is mutually exclusive with democracy promotion because it views democracy as an ongoing and contentious process that transcends the desire to export the liberal democratic model

Hobson 9

(Christopher, Department of International Politics, Aberystwyth University, Wales, UK, Beyond the End of History: The Need for a ‘Radical Historicisation’ of Democracy in International Relations, Millennium 37.3)

It has been argued that the contingency and contextuality …  and political ascendancy of this unique and rare form of rule.

The 1ac’s silence is a loaded presence- their forgetting of the non-human world and the individualistic formation of agency ensure the replication of prevailing anthropocentric power relations

Bell and Russell 2K

(Anne C. by graduate students in the Faculty of Environmental Studies, York Universi- ty and Constance L. a graduate student at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Educa- tion, University of Toronto, Beyond Human, Beyond Words: Anthropocentrism, Critical Pedagogy, and the Poststructuralist Turn, http://www.csse-scee.ca/CJE/Articles/FullText/CJE25-3/CJE25-3-bell.pdf [10/24/11])

For this reason, the various movements against oppression need to be aware … peripheral to the core curriculum (A. Gough, 1997; Russell, Bell, & Fawcett, 2000), anthropocentrism passes unchallenged.1

Anthropocentric ordering is the foundation of the war machine and drives the exclusion of populations based on race, ethnicity and gender

Kochi, 2K9

(Tarik, Sussex law school, Species war: Law, Violence and Animals, Law Culture and Humanities Oct 5.3)

Grotius and Hobbes are sometimes described as setting out a … within the early modern juridical ordering of war.

The alternative is a decolonization of the human-centered mind – this post-colonial ecocriticism is essential to solving anthropocentrism and the 1ac

Huggan and Tiffin, 10

(Graham, chair of commonwealth and postcolonial literatures at Leeds and Helen, Adjunct professor of post-colonial and animal studies at University of New England, Australia, Postcolonial ecocriticism: literature, animals, environment, pg. 11-16

As Lawrence Rucll has aptly remarked, 'criticism worthy of its name arises …. in so doing, to help make them obsolete.

The US and Saudi Arabia are on the same page about Bahrain, but relations are on the brink-the plan collapses the alliance

Hanna 11—fellow and program officer at The Century Foundation, former senior fellow at the International Human Rights Law Institute, term-member of the Council on Foreign Relations (Michael Wahid, Saudi Arabia: Royal Succession, Regional Turmoil, 3/8/11 http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/8120/saudi-arabia-royal-succession-regional-turmoil)

The kingdom's current defensive posture with regard … its authority to determine royal succession.

Bahrain is the key issue for relations-the plan marks the end of the alliance

ICG 11 (The International Crisis Group is an independent, non-profit, non-governmental organisation committed to preventing and resolving global conflicts "POPULAR PROTEST IN NORTH AFRICA AND THE MIDDLE EAST (VIII):BAHRAIN’S ROCKY ROAD TO REFORM" July 28 www.crisisgroup.org//media/Files/Middle%20East%20North%20Africa/Iran%20Gulf/Bahrain/111%20Popular%20Protest%20in%20North%20Africa%20and%20the%20Middle%20East%20VII%20%20Bahrains%20Rocky%20Road%20to%20Reform.pdf)

Following on the heels of the Tunisian and Egyptian revolutions, the Bahrain events presented … that, over time, would lead to a constitutional monarchy.

That causes Saudi nuclearization

Rozen 11 – the chief foreign policy reporter for Politico, quoting Patrick Clawson, a Persian Gulf expert at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy and Marc Lynch, a Middle East expert at George Washington University (Laura, Arab spring setbacks in the shadow of complicated U.S.-Saudi alliance, 4/18/11, )

Riyadh, alarmed by the Obama administration's failure to prop up its ally of three decades Egyptian President Hosni … demands for political rights, they are accused of being Iranian agents."

Extinction

Edelman 11—Fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments. Former Undersecretary for Defense—AND—Andrew Krepinevich—President of the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments—AND—Evan Montgomery—Research Fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments (Eric, The dangers of a nuclear Iran, FA 90;1, http://www.csbaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/2010.12.27-The-Dangers-of-a-Nuclear-Iran.pdf)

There is, however, at least one state that could receive significant …  leave their weapons vulnerable to attack or theft.

US will play pillow talk with Israel and play down pressure for Arab democracy.

Miller, 3-7 - public policy scholar at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars

[David, For Better or Worse, Foreign Policy, March 7, 2011, ]

Israelis, like most Jews, worry for a living. The dark side of Jewish history and the security challenges of their national life compel them to. And these days there's plenty to worry about. Iran, Hezbollah, Hamas, and turbulent changes in the Arab world unleashed by the revolutions in Egypt and Tunisia are shifting the power. … are still very much hanging around Topeka -- with all the messy consequences that carries.

Plan severs the vital links holding US-Israeli relationship together

Pillar, 11- director of graduate studies at Georgetown University's Security Studies Program

[Paul, Why Israelis Fear Arab Democracy, The National Interest, 2-8-2011, ]

Perhaps most troubling of all to Israel … be severely weakened. 

Israel's perception that the U.S. is disengaged causes a pre-empted strike on Iran—history proves

Simon, ‘9 - Adjunct Senior Fellow for Middle Eastern Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations (Steven, November 2009, "An Israeli Strike on Iran", p. 6) PDF

In assessing the likelihood of an attack, … to be disengaged.

Extinction.

Ivashov ‘7 - Analyst at the Strategic Culture Foundation.

[Leonid “Iran: The Threat of Nuclear War” The AP, 21 April 07. Lexis]

What might cause the force major event of the required scale? Everything seems to indicate that … more nightmarish than WWII.

Text – The President should set up a formal and institutionalized process of consultation with bipartisan leadership groups in Congress about ……..  The president should defend the plan as a course of action but submit to legislative suggestions and modification in the area of ………...  The outcome’s passage is contingent on Congress.

First, prior and genuine consultation is necessary to forge bipartisan foreign policy – any permutation would not meet the necessary tests and magnify the link to the net benefit

Crabb et al, 2k

[Cevil V. Jr, Gleen J. Antizzo, and Leila E. Sarieddine, Congress and the Foreign Policy Process: Modes of Legislative Behavior, Baton Rouge: Louisiana University Press, pg. 84-85]

As already emphasized, certain procedures …course of action abroad.13

Second, Congress will say “YES” – consultations over Mideast policy builds congressional support and deflects criticism

Hamilton, ‘2

[Lee H., president and director of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, vice chairman of the 9/11 Commission, serves on the President's Homeland Security Advisory Council, previously served in the United States House of Representatives for 34 years, co-chair of the Iraq Study Group, with Jordan Tama, formerly special assistant to the director at the Woodrow Wilson Center, a graduate student at the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University, A creative tension: the foreign policy roles of the President and Congress, Washington, D.C.: Woodrow Wilson Center Press, pg. 82-83]

Despite these serious deficiencies in the consultative process, …. sometimes discourages or deflects unhelpful congressional initiatives.