Media assistance opens up the new lifeworlds for colonial and neoliberal colonization.
Alhassan and Chakravartty 2011
Amin, professor with the Joint Graduate Programme in Communication & Culture at York, and Paula, visiting fellow at the Watson Institute, associate professor of communication and faculty associate at the Center for Public Policy and Administration and and affiliated faculty at the Labor Center and Women’s Studies @ UMass, “Postcolonial Media Policy Under the Long Shadow of Empire” The Handbook of Global Media and Communication Policy ed. Robin Mansell and Marc Raboy pp. 373-379
[ICT = information and communication technologies, CSO = civil society organizations]

Neoliberal Techno-Politics and … we have to ask: qui bono?

We have an a-priori ethical obligation to reject neoliberalism.  Utilitarian rationality cannot account for thedegraded life chances of billions because capital makes its victims anonymous
Daly 2004 Glyn. Lecturer in International Studies at the University College Northampton. Conversations with Žižek. 14-19

There is a further …risk the impossible.

Capitalism results in a never-ending war on the poor and inter-state competition—impact is nuclear annihilation.
Callinicos 2004
Alex, Director of the Centre for European Studies at King’s College, The Revolutionary Ideas of Karl Marx, 2004 pg. 196-197

Capitalism has not changed … must act on it. 

The alternative is to refuse the affirmative as fidelity to the communist hypothesis.
We must begin our political decision-making from principle of egalitarian justice—to believe otherwise is to condemn the meaning of humanity altogether.
Badiou 2008 Alain, The Meaning of Sarkozy, 97-103

I would like … of this hypothesis.

The arab spring has reopened the question of our commitment to revolutionary struggle. To vote affirmative is to be a foolish instructor, teaching revolutionaries the ways of “democracy” – Voting negative is an expression and act of communist participation within the universal drive for emancipation
Badiou 2011 Alain, “Tunisie, Egypte : quand un vent d'est balaie l'arrogance de l'Occident” Feb 25, Le Monde http://www.lacan.com/thesymptom/?page_id=1031

The Wind of the East …their value is international.

“Democracy is nothing less than defined by critique.”*
George Pavlich writes that…
one usually … reform, and so on.*
However,
“Moreover, a privileged … democracy) is thriving *

Pavlich Uses The Term “Grammar of Judgment” to describe an underlying grammar:
the tri-umphant wailing ….some or other yardstick. *

The affirmative judges their strategy against the criteria established by their impact calculus. Specifically, the imperative to—
[           ]

This might seem obvious.  After all, What can be wrong with normative judgment against normalizing structures?
But Perhaps You Should Ask a Different Question.
Is holding “firm ….within disciplinary regimes”?*
Pavlich writes that even  “criticism of disciplinary …. truth regimes”.*

Pre-determined research methods shut down the radical possibilities of our encounters.
We instead invite the “Unexpected and Unpredictable: Learning from Being Lost” 

Jenny Pearce, International Centre for Participation Studies/Department of Peace Studies at University of Bradford, 2008
[“‘We Make Progress Because We are Lost’: Critical Reflections on Co Producing Knowledge as a Methodology for Researching Non governmental Public Action” eprints.ncrm.ac.uk]
Unexpected and Unpredictable: Learning from Being Lost
Co-production of ….e who can best use them

Is this a judgment against judgment? Perhaps, But We Do NOT Offer External Criteria Against Which to Judge the 1AC. We Instead Test the 1AC’s Coherence—Discerning an Implicit Double Turn:
They deploy normative judgment against judgments of normativity. 

Judgment is not the only alternative. Pavlich Writes That Critique’s Etymology Opens Up:
to judge, but … and decide.*
We “imagine images of ….in dividing”*

“Divide the 1AC Into Two Piles.
Welcome The 1AC’s Imperative to Overcome the Limitations of Status Quo Approaches to Democracy Assistance. Set Aside the 1AC Impact Calculus as Justification for their Advocacy.”
We gesture towards a new grammar of critical encounter. Pavlich describes it as:
“a unique sort … persist intact.”*

The experiences suppressed by the status quo are their own justification.
Suspending Judgment on 1AC Criteria Builds Affective Capacities for Political Engagement.
We call on the judge to vote for their advocacy to affirm the democratic subject already existing in yemen external from the justifications the 1ac uses.
Leet 02 Gender Modified*
Martin Leet, Research Fellow in International Studies at The University  of Queensland, 2002 [“After-effects of Knowledge: Dogmatic Retreats and Sceptical Adventures” Critical Horizons 3:2  (201-223)]
As with respect to nature, … one’s surroundings. 
*source for pavlich snippets [don’t read again]
George Pavlich 2005
[Professor of Sociology  University of Alberta Law and Critique (2005) 16: 95–112]
Critique and criticism ….s – all the better’

Democracy assistance to NGOS normalizes the infliction of imperial terror. 

Chandra Talpade Mohanty, Gender Studies at Syracuse University, 2011   [3/26 “Imperial Democracies, Militarised Zones,  Feminist Engagements” Economic & Political Weekly v 46 n 13]

As  Nordstrom (2004) suggests, … the US and  in India. 

Begin your decision within the space-time of imperial violence—
Bracketing your ethical relationship to the targets of plan reproduces endless insecurity.

Phillip Darby, Institute of Postcolonial Studies at University of Melbourne, 2006
[“Security, Spatiality, and Social Suffering” Alternatives 31 (2006), 453–473]

Much later, Senator William …that I draw attention.

“Challenge 1AC Knowledge Production”
Our ethical complicities pre-determine policy predictions—
Catastrophic constructions reduce Middle East Geopolitics to perpetual violence.

John Morrissey, Department of Geography, National University of Ireland, 2011
[Architects of Empire: The Military–Strategic Studies Complex and the Scripting of US National Security Antipode Vol. 43, pp 435–470]

Collusion between “knowledge… as urgent as ever

Turkey is extremely effective at providing assistance for democracy in the Middle East – it has done so successfully, has overwhelming support, and avoids the pitfalls of a Eurocentric approach
Carothers and Young ’11 [Thomas, vice president for studies at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, and Richard, assistant professor at the University of Warwick in the UK, “LOOKING FOR HELP: Will Rising Democracies Become International Democracy Supporters?”, July, http://www.fride.org/publication/931/will-rising-democracies-become-international-democracy-supporters] 

Turkey advocates increased … human rights record.

SKAFTA and TAA will pass now – enough votes and key business lobbies pushing
Reuters, 9/8/11, “U.S. group says confident of trade deals” http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/09/08/us-usa-trade-deals-idUSTRE7874WE20110908

"We're confident we'll … House and the Senate.
Democracy assistance inevitably stokes partisan fires and costs political capital
Mitchell 11 (Lincoln, Associate at the Harriman Institute and an Affiliate at the Arnold A. Saltzman Institute of War and Peace Studies at Columbia University, "Supporting Democracy and Supporting Dictatorship in Egypt", 2/3, http://leagueofindia.com/article/supporting-democracy-and-supporting-dictatorship-egypt, JS)
The question of … it must now escape.
Political capital and bipart key
Thomas "Mack" McLarty III and Nelson W. Cunningham, 1/24/11, chief of staff to Clinton in 1993-94 and helped bring Bill Daley into the White House to lead the 1993 Nafta ratification effort, AND Mr. Cunningham was an aide to President Clinton and to then-Sen. Joseph Biden, “Obama's Free Trade Opportunity,”

Much has been … but it is essential.

Quick KORUS ratification is key to the economy, US leadership in Asia, free trade, and Asian stability
Rhodes, Citigroup senior advisor, 4-11-2011
[William, "There's no time to lose on Korea," The Hill, thehill.com/blogs/congress-blog/foreign-policy/155285-theres-no-time-to-lose-on-korea, accessed 4-13-11, mss]

In his State of the … top of Congress’ agenda.  

Asian instability goes nuclear- outweighs the aff
Dibb, Australian National University Strategic and Defense Studies Centre head, 2001
[Paul, previously Deputy Secretary for Strategic Policy and Intelligence in the Australian Department of Defense and director of the Joint Intelligence Organisation, previously ] head of the National Assessments Staff for the National Intelligence Committee, “Strategic Trends: Asia at a Crossroads,” Naval War College Review, Winter, http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Strategic+Trends.-a075762211, accessed 1-2-11, mss]

The areas of maximum … with major crises

Interpretation:

Predictive policy-making requires quantitative evidence—As well as analysis of everyday experiences to account for interlocking processes of knowledge and power in the Middle East.

Robert Chamberlain, 2011

[“Steady Mobbinʼ (OK, youʼre a Goon, but whatʼs a Goon to a Goblin?): Redrawing the Theoretical Map of the Middle East”  http://www.columbia.edu/cu/polisci/pdf-files/miniapsa_chamberlain.pdf] A

In his short story, … for contemporary research

B Violation

1. The 1AC’s s-called expert opinions are worse than a coin-toss.

2. Reductionism. Their confident predictions of one-direction-causality uniquely skew risk analysis.

3. Intellectual Momentum: They cherry-pick evidence in favor of preferred conclusions.

Gardner and Tetlock 2011

Dan, columnist and senior writer with the Ottawa Citizen, and Philip, Leonore Annenberg University Professor @ UPenn “Overcoming Our Aversion to Acknowledging Our Ignorance” Cato Unbound 7-11 http://www.cato-unbound.org/2011/07/11/dan-gardner-and-philip-tetlock/overcoming-our-aversion-to-acknowledging-our-ignorance

The editors may … algorithms, hedgehogs, and foxes

Vote Negative on Presumption – Challenging their Form of Knowledge-Production Creates a Demand for Evidence Based Policy.

Davies, 2k4.  Philip Davies 2004 [PhD, Government Chief Social Researcher’s Office, “Is Evidence-Based Government Possible?, Jerry Lee Lecture, 4th Annual Campbell Collaboration Colloquium Washington D.C. 19 February 2004]

What is Evidence-Based Policy? … political discourse and action.

Continued…

There is another sense … of effectiveness and efficiency.

Reflect on the 1AC as a Flow of Communication–Resonances and Meanings Emerge through Interactive Processes of Affect and Knowledge.

Your ballot should interrupt the 1AC’s communication of risk.

Their reductionist framework backfires—Undermining political responsibility in the face of threat.

William J. Kinsella, Assoc Prof Communication at NC State University, 2010

[“Risk communication, phenomenology, and the limits of representation” Catalan Journal of Communication & Cultural Studies 2 (2) pp. 267–276]

  Despite movements towards … take and bear risks. 

The 1AC cultivates linkages between democracy assistance and fear—

This spills-over to state violence and squashing of political dissent

Jennifer Hyndman, Prof Social Science and Geography at York U, 2007

[“The Securitization of Fear in Post-Tsunami Sri Lanka” Annals of the Association of American Geographers Volume 97, Issue 2, pages 361–372]

It is a conviction …search of a response.

Interrupting the 1AC framework educates us to respond to uncertainty—

Their reductionist scholarship erodes public trust in meaningful political action

Cristian Suteanu 2005 [Professor of geography at Saint Mary’s University “Complexity, Science and the Public: The Geography of a New Interpretation” Theory, Culture & Society 22(5): 113–140]

There are important … wisest might err.’

The Debate Network is a Complex Adaptive System

Promises of Stable Equilibrium are an Illusion—Embracing The Unexpected Spills-Over to Creative Learning.

Reuben R. McDaniel 2k3 [Chair in Health Care Management at UT-Austin with Michelle E. Jordan-Elementary School Teacher; Brigitte F. Fleeman-Research Associate in Educational Psychology at UT-Austin. “Surprise, Surprise, Surprise! A Complexity Science View of the Unexpected” Health Care Management Review July/Sept 2003]

Although often we … what  doesn’t work

You are Apes and Dirt; Stars and Rocks; Dinosaurs and Bacteria—Billions of Years of Cosmic Creativity.

Escape the Despair of the Human—Value the Wonderful Aliveness of the Universe Beyond Your Capacity to Destroy.

Seed, 1995 (John, “Beyond Anthropocentrism”, http://www.rainforestinfo.org.au/deep-eco/Anthropo.htm]

"Anthropocentrism" or "homocentrism" … with life again.

The 1AC projects a moral universe organized for the good of the “global human”—Their assistance maximizes the sustainability of anthropocentric values.

Narkunas, Prof of English at CUNY, 2007

[J. Paul, "Utilitarian Humanism: Culture in the Service of Regulating 'We Other Humans,'" Theory and Event, Vol 10, Issue 3, Project Muse]

As a result, I critique … of the "global human."

Ethically evaluate the 1AC.

You CANNOT Objectively Survey Existence, but must Attune Your Decision to the Creative-Destructive Flows of the Cosmos.

Henning 2k9, (Brian, ‘TRuSTINg IN THE ‘EffICaCy Of BEauTy: A KAlocentric ApproAch to MorAl  philosophy’, Ethics and the Environment)

Final truths (whether…the whole of reality.

The thesis and framework – gender infiltrates all aspects of politics, structuring ways of knowing and acting – the affirmative’s false neutrality reproduces Arab “democracy” as masculine hierarchy

Moghadam 11 (Valentine, Professor of Sociology and Women’s Studies, Purdue University, “Engendering Democracy: Women and the Mass Social Protests in the Middle East and North Africa”, March 5)

The first decade of …  But does everyone? 

US democracy assistance produces patriarchal exclusion that dooms their solvency – This exclusion is INHERENT to the 1AC method of knowing the world

Handrahan ‘2 [Lori, Professorial Lecturer, School of International Service, London School of Economics' Sociology and Gender Institute, Gendering Ethnicity: Implications for Democracy Assistance. Issues in Globalization Series, pp. 66-74]

USAID's failure is … funds were 100% men (Zairash 1998).

Their masculinized perspective subordinates politics to violent control, dooming the Middle East to perpetual conflict.

Chandra Talpade Mohanty, Gender Studies at Syracuse University, 2011

[3/26 “Imperial Democracies, Militarised Zones,  Feminist Engagements” Economic & Political Weekly vol xlvi no 13]

The post-11 September 2001 … builders, and profiteers  (Platt 2011).

Rejecting the affirmative creates political space to expose the gender hierarchies of democracy assistance.

Begin your decision with 1AC knowledge production—Focus on plan establishes a masculinist framework for politics. 

Cornwall et. al. ‘4 [Andrea, Institute of Development Studies at the University of Sussex, Elizabeth Harrison, Senior Lecturer in Anthropology at the University of Sussex, Ann Whitehead, Professor of Anthropology at University of Sussex, “Introduction: Repositioning Feminisms in Gender and Development”, IDS Bulletin Volume 35, Issue 4, pages 1–10, October 2004]

Feminists work towards … autonomous feminist organising

Cyber security bill passing now and key to stopping attack but continued cooperation is key

Financial times 10/12 (2011, “republicans back cybersecurity law push,” http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/4d6aba5a-f44d-11e0-bdea-00144feab49a.html)

Republicans signalled support ...for national security policy.

Funding cuts prove that aid is unpopular now

Doyle McManus, Los Angeles Times, February 27, 2011, p. A28, ―Helping the Arabs help themselves; The U.S.

must find a way, and funding, to promote democracy.‖

A basic tenet of the .... country except Israel.

This will spark United States Response and world war 3 – Our Nuclear Power Plants are also at Stake

USA Today, 2k2. (USA Today: Tech: “Cyberattack Could Result in Military Response.” Online. [KevC])

WASHINGTON (AP) — The United States ... have been penetrated."

Meltdowns cause extinction

Wasserman 1 (Harvey, Senior Editor at Free Press “America's Terrorist Nuclear Threat to Itself”, October,http://www.wagingpeace.org/articles/2001/10/00_wasserman_nuclear-threat.htm)

The intense radioactive ... must be shut down.

LOST will pass now because of Arctic concerns – but political capital and the GOP are key

Joan Bondareff, Prior to joining Blank Rome, Ms. Bondareff was chief counsel and acting deputy administrator of the Maritime Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. She was also former majority counsel for the House Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. Ms. Bondareff recently served on the Obama Transition Team for the Department of Transportation handling maritime related issues.  She worked on the OPA 90 legislation, and also helped develop the Natural Resource Damage Assessment regulations when she was the assistant general counsel for Ocean Services at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 10/7/11, “United States: Hope Springs Eternal For The U.S. To Finally Ratify The Law Of The Sea Convention

07 October 2011” http://www.blankrome.com/index.cfm?contentID=10&bioID=8764

It has been ….the U.S. Senate calendar.

***INSERT LINK***

LOST key to solve Arctic conflicts

Ron Eachus of Salem is a former legislator and a former chairman of the Oregon Public Utility Commission oregon statesman 9-10-07

The hypothetical Northwest …. consumption and conflict.

Accidental nuclear war

Prof. Rob Huebert, Department of Political Science/Strategic Studies Program, University of Calgary 1998 http://www.carc.org/calgary/a4.htm

Likewise, there is …. as real as ever. 

Neg: UT GM

Round   Tournament:

Vs Team: Emporia WW

Judge: Jeff Roberts

Off Case Args: Cap, Grammar of encounter

Case Args: social location bad

Block Strategy: Cap, GoE

2nr Strategy: Cap

Neg: Texas GM

Round # 2 Tournament: Shirley

Vs Team: Mich DP

Judge: Alyssa Lucas-Bolin

Off Case Args:

Risk K

Gender K

“policy process’ K + “affect” framework

Case Args:

Predictions fail

Block Strategy:

2NC: Framework Gender K

1NR: Risk, policy process

2nr Strategy:

Gender K/ Fuck