Framework

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• A1NC

  effective deliberation requires a forum of discussion that facilitates political agonism and the capacity to substantively engage the topic at hand-in short, a forum of switch side debate where the negative can predict and respond to the aff is the most intellectually effective-this is crucial to affecting productive change in all facets of life-the process in this instance is more important than the substance of their advocacy

  Amy Gutmann 96 is the president of Penn and former prof @ Princeton, AND Dennis Thompson is Alfred North Whitehead Professor of Political Philosophy at Harvard University, Democracy and Disagreement, pp 1

  OF THE CHALLENGES that American democracy faces today, none is more formidable than the problem of moral… morally required to pursue our common ends.

   

  Effective deliberation is crucial to the activation of personal agency and is only possible in a switch-side debate format where debaters divorce themselves from ideology to engage in political contestation-this activation of agency is vital to preventing mass violence and genocide and overcoming politically debilitating self-obsession

  Patricia Roberts-Miller 3 is Associate Professor of Rhetoric at the University of Texas "Fighting Without Hatred:Hannah Ar endt ' s Agonistic Rhetoric" JAC 22.2 2003

  Totalitarianism and the Competitive Space of Agonism

  Arendt is probably most famous for her analysis of totalitarianism…, independent but not expressivist rhetoric.

   

  And, this process of debate enables self-reflexivity and the capacity to reform-this does not equate to political reformism, but to the reformation of ideas and principles-it applies not just to public policy and the state, but to every facet of life

  John S. Dryzek 8 is Head of the Social and Political Theory Programme at the Australian National University "DEMOCRATIZATION AS DELIBERATIVE CAPACITY BUILDING" July 16 2008 www.bids.unibe.ch/unibe/rechtswissenschaft/oefre/bids/content/e3409/e3822/e3824/linkliste3831/Dryzek.pdf

  Communications are deliberative to the degree they can induce …. whether the effect extends to partisan political actors, as opposed to ordinary citizens.

   

  Democratic agonism can only successfully operate in a limited forum-it’s not a limitation on the content of argument, but on the form in which it is presented-this is not an appeal to exclusion, but to maximizing the deliberative potential of debate

  Robert W. Glover 10 Prof of Poli Sci @ UConn "Games without Frontiers?: Democratic Engagement, Agonistic Pluralism, and the Question of Exclusion" Philosophy and Social Criticism Vol. 36

  Recent democratic theory has devoted significant attention… democratic discourse must operate with limits and frontiers.

   

  Agreement is a precondition for contestation

  Ruth Lessl Shively 2k, associate professor of political science at Texas A&M, 2000 Political Theory and Partisan Politics p. 181-2

  The requirements given thus far are primarily negative. The ambiguists must say "no" to—they must reject and limit—some ideas and actions. In… agreements are simply implicit in the act of argumentation.

   

  Effective deliberative discourse is the lynchpin to solving all existential social and political problems-a switch-side debate format that sets appropriate limits on argument to foster a targeted discussion is most effective-our K turns the whole case

  Christian O. Lundberg 10 Professor of Communications @ University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, “Tradition of Debate in North Carolina” in Navigating Opportunity: Policy Debate in the 21st Century By Allan D. Louden, p311

  The second major problem with the critique that identifies a naivety in articulating… last best hopes for dealing with the existential challenges to democracy [in an] increasingly complex world.

   

  And, student engagement on this topic is especially important to break down the cultural dichotomy between Islam and democracy

  Dr. Larbi Sadiki 9 Senior Lecturer in Middle East Politics at the University of Exeter, Rethinking Arab Democratization: Elections Without Democracy, p. 279

  Arab states and societies are caught in the vortex of… well as internal and external dynamics.

  Policy debate about the arab spring is key to preventing cession of the political and affecting positive US responses

  Walt 11 – Stephen M. Walt, Professor of International Affairs at Harvard’s John F. Kennedy School of Government, July 21, 2011, “International Affairs and the Public Sphere,” online: http://publicsphere.ssrc.org/walt-international-affairs-and-the-public-sphere/

  Academics can make at least three distinct contributions… than the scholars who produce it might wish.

   

  Academic deliberation is especially important with regards to the American response to the wave of democratization-it’s crucial to preventing authoritarian meddling that will undermine movements for global justice and recalibrating orientalist narratives that dichotomize democracy and Islam

  Danielle Feinstein 11 is a Senior at the Elliot School of International Affairs at The George Washington University “Washington scholars debate the Arab Spring” April 26 2011 bikyamasr.com/33144/washington-scholars-debate-the-arab-spring/

  In recent months the Obama administration and foreign policy makers… revolutionary states in the Arab World.

   

   

  2NC

  2NC/1NR Framework

  a. Debate is never the site for social change only for learning the skills to advocate for change

  Atchison and Panetta 9 *Director of Debate at Trinity University and Director of Debate at the University of Georgia (Jarrod, and Edward, “Intercollegiate Debate and Speech Communication: Issues for the Future,” The Sage Handbook of Rhetorical Studies, Lunsford, Andrea, ed., 2009, p. 317334)

  The final problem with an individual debate round ….community problems requires a tremendous effort by a great number of people.

   

  Democratic deliberation key to effective political engagement

  Ian Sanderson 9  DIRECTOR OF RESEARCH AT LEEDS UNIVERSITY  Director of Research, Faculty of Business and Law, Leeds Metropolitan University, Leighton Hall, Headingley Campus, Leeds “Intelligent Policy Making for a Complex World: Pragmatism, Evidence and Learning,” Political Studies, Volume 57, Issue 4, pages 699–719, December 2009

  I have argued, therefore, that ideas from pragmatism and from the….of inquiry and of dissemination of their conclusions.

   

  Turns the case and accesses all their democratic deliberation

  Voting for speakers and not arguments destroys democratic deliberation

  Ben Kotzee 10 Department of Social Policy and Education, Birkbeck College, University of London, “Poisoning the Well and Epistemic Privilege,” Argumentation, springer link

  In his paper “Poisoning the Well” (2006), Walton seeks to….the well and describes the dialectical situation like this

   

  Topical version of the aff

  Easton 5 Lois Brown Easton, Director of Professional Development, Eagle Rock School and Professional Development Center, May 2005, “Democracy in Schools: Truly a Matter of Voice,” English Journal, Vol. 94, No. 5, p. 5253

  Dear Policymakers:

  We are students from a unique school in ….to dissent in accordance with personal conscience. (Clark)

   

  Their author’s conception of democratic schools includes explicit policy evaluation as a democratic practicefailure to do so in the 1AC means they don’t even solve their own arguments

  Moos 10 Lejf Moos, Associate Professor of Education and Director of the Research Programme on Professional and Vocational Development and Leadership at The Danish University of Education, June 2010, “School leadership fundamentalistic beliefs or critical reflection?,” online:

  Democratic education is described by Biesta (2003) as ….the concern for the dignity and rights of individuals and minorities.

   

  The permutation of frameworks is most effective

  David Chandler 7, Professor of History, The possibilities of postterritorial political community, Area, Volume 39, Issue 1, pages 116–119

  This paper argues that the lack of purchase of traditional territorial ….the organic ties of the traditional social/political sphere.   

   

  Appeals to personal experience replace analysis of group oppression with personal testimony.  As a result, politics becomes a policing operation those not in an identity group are denied intellectual access and those within the group who don’t conform to the established terms of the black aesthetic are excluded.

  Joan W. Scott 92 Professor of Social Science at the Institute for Advanced Study, Summer 92, October, Vol. 61, “The Identity in Question,” p. 1219, JStor

  There is nothing wrong, on the face of it, with teaching ….as discernably objective facts the prerequisites for inclusion in any group.

   

  The belief that policy deliberation is too elitist for average people to participate destroys democratic potential and cedes government power to partisan zealots

  Adolf G. Gundersen, Associate Professor of Political Science at Texas A&M, 2000, Political Theory and Partisan Politics p. 106

  The argument for countering partisanship at the grass roots ….—precisely the place it is most likely to succeed.

   

  SSD good

  Star Muir, communication studies at George Mason University, 1993 (Philosophy and Rhetoric 26.4, p. 288291) 

  Values clarification, Stewart is correct in pointing out, does not mean that no values are developed. Two very important valuestolerance and fairnessinhere to a significant degree in the ….value structure pluralistic, rather than relativistic.

   

  Solves ideology

  Star Muir, communication studies at George Mason University, 1993 (Philosophy and Rhetoric 26.4, p. 278)

  The emphasis on methodfocusing on the ….of, but sober, realistic, important gamesmanship.

   

  Demorcracy assistance is good.

  Dr Larbi Sadiki 11 is a Senior Lecturer in Middle East Politics at the University of Exeter, and author of Arab Democratization: Elections without Democracy (Oxford University Press, 2009) and The Search for Arab Democracy: Discourses and CounterDiscourses (Columbia University Press, 2004). "The mathematics of the Arab Spring" Jun 6, 2011 english.aljazeera.net/indepth/opinion/2011/05/2011531132934920499.html

  Egypt and Tunisia are now officially on the …. innovations for the purpose of selfempowerment.

   

  Democracy assistance is effective now and rejection causes political atrophy that turns the affbe skeptical of their method

  Youngs 11 Richard Youngs, President, Fundación para las Relaciones Internacionales y el Diálogo Exterior, a think tank based in Madrid; Assistant Professor of Politics & International Studies at the University of Warwick, January 2011, “Misunderstanding the Maladies of Liberal Democracy Promotion,” online: http://www.fride.org/download/WP106_Liberal_Democracy2_jan11.pdf

  Democracy promotion has lost traction around the …direction to their required improvement.

   

   

  
  
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Orientalism K

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• Democracy assistance is a strategy to turn the non-west into a hub for American imperialism-orientalist narratives frame US engagement and result in using MENA as a strategic chess piece to recruit allies in the construction of the next enemy-inevitable blowback turns the aff

  Soumaya Ghannoushi 11 is a researcher in the history of ideas at the School of Oriental and African Studies. "Obama, hands off our spring" May 26 2011 www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2011/may/26/obama-hands-off-arab-spring

  The US wants to turn the Arab revolutions into eastern Europe part 2. It… democracy, while occupying and aiding occupation.

   

  Extinction

  Pinar Batur 7, PhD @ UT-Austin – Prof. of Sociology @ Vassar, “The Heart of Violence: Global Racism, War, and Genocide,” in Handbook of The Sociology of Racial and Ethnic Relations, eds. Vera and Feagin, p. 446-7

  At the turn of the 20th century, the “Terrible Turk” was the image that summarized…21st century opened up with genocide, in Darfur.

   

  Position yourself as a critical intellectual-reprogramming systems of representation is key to preventing imperialism and serial policy failure that turns the case

  Bilgin 5 Assistant Prof of International Relations at Bilkent University, REGIONAL SECURITY IN THE MIDDLE EAST A CRITICAL PERSPECTIVE, p12-

  Although the ‘Middle East’ preserved its position as the dominant… should be sought in this part of the world.

   

   

  2NC

   

  Democratic engagement is vital to recalibrate imperialist representations-the aff alone reinscribes orientalism by presuming that the Arab world can’t accept aid without being manipulated

  Dr Larbi Sadiki 11 is a Senior Lecturer in Middle East Politics at the University of Exeter, and author of Arab Democratization: Elections without Democracy (Oxford University Press, 2009) and The Search for Arab Democracy: Discourses and Counter-Discourses (Columbia University Press, 2004). "The mathematics of the Arab Spring" Jun 6 2011 english.aljazeera.net/indepth/opinion/2011/05/2011531132934920499.html

  Egypt and Tunisia are now officially on the inter

  ... innovations for the purpose of self-empowerment.

   

  And, the presumption that exporting democracy is dangerous is only political blackmail to prevent genuine political reforms-the neg facilitates an exchange of political values that can synthesize commensurable relationships

  Dr. Larbi Sadiki 9 Senior Lecturer in Middle East Politics at the University of Exeter, Rethinking Arab Democratization: Elections Without Democracy, p. 279

  Arab states and societies are caught in the vortex of the ...bottom-up as well as internal and external dynamics.

   

  Democracy assistance is effective and rejection causes political atrophy that turns the K-be skeptical of their method-democracy promotion needs to be made better and more responsive to local conditions, not rejected out of hand

  Youngs 11 – Richard Youngs, President, Fundación para las Relaciones Internacionales y el Diálogo Exterior, a think tank based in Madrid; Assistant Professor of Politics & International Studies at the University of Warwick, January 2011, “Misunderstanding the Maladies of Liberal Democracy Promotion,” online: http://www.fride.org/download/WP106_Liberal_Democracy2_jan11.pdf

  Democracy promotion has lost traction around the world. ... opposite direction to their required improvement.

   

  The aff essentializes the east/west binary and reinscribes orientalism by stripping the region of agency-justifies violence

  Ray Kiely 95 Lecturer in Development Studies, University of East London. “Third Worldist Relativism: A New Form Of Imperialism” Journal of Contemporary Asia, Vol. 25 No. 2 (1995)

  Nevertheless, the point remains that conflict exists within ...in return for military protection (Stork and Lesch 1990; Bromley 1991; Brenner 1991: 134).

   

  
  
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ASPEC

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• Lack of specification makes debating the merits of the plan impossible and tanks solvency-bureaucratic confusion results in failed democracy assistance

  Spence 4 – Matthew Spence, Co-Founder and Director of the Truman National Security Project, formerly Lecturer in IR at Oxford, Ph.D. in IR from Oxford, October 4, 2004, “Policy Coherence and Incoherence: The Domestic Politics of American Democracy Promotion,” online: http://iis-db.stanford.edu/pubs/20741/Spence-_CDDRL_10-4_draf1.pdf

  Comparing American and European approaches to… disorganized signals that realized little of America’s potential for influence.

  
  

• Debating democracy assistance requires agent specification there is no single monolithic USFG approach
  Thomas Carothers 9 vice president for studies at Carnegie, a visiting faculty member at Oxford University, Central European University, and the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies, AB from Harvard, M.SC London School of Economics and JD Harvard, and and has written extensively on democratic issues, “Democracy Assistance: Political or Developmental?,” January 2009, Journal of Democracy, Vol20 No1
  Identifying the essential elements of the political and …
  /' or "European approach" to democracy assistance. As Andre Gerrits argues:

  There is no monolithic USFG democracy-assistance actor policy is made entirely through specification of a single agency or program
  Melia 5 – Thomas O. Melia, Deputy Assistant Secretary of State, Director of Research at the Institute for the Study of Diplomacy at Georgetown, September 2005, “The Democracy Bureaucracy: The Infrastructure of American Democracy Promotion,” http://www.princeton.edu/~ppns/papers/democracy_bureaucracy.pdf
  This paper is a description of the …
   or diplomatic undertakings often can be.

  
  
  

SKFTA

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• (% class="cardtext" %) SKFTA will pass, PC key, and it’s key to the alliance (% class="cardtext" %) Kim 9/6 Sukhan Kim senior partner specializing in international trade at Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld LLP "Pushing the FTA to the finish line" koreajoongangdaily.joinsmsn.com/news/article/Article.aspx?aid=2941157 (% class="cardtext" %) Despite these hurdles, the time has come …countries to finally get on with ratification of Korus FTA. (% class="cardtext" %) (% class="cardtext" %) Yemen assistance ignites a firestorm-massive momentum for cuts now (% class="cardtext" %) Washington Post 11 "House panel to vote on bill that would slash State Department funding, impose new restrictions" 7/27 www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/checkpoint-washington/post/house-panel-to-vote-on-bill-that-would-slash-some-state-department-funding/2011/07/27/gIQA3NxocI_blog.html (% class="cardtext" %) A key House panel is to vote Wednesday on a measure ….s to multilateral institutions such as the World Bank. (% class="cardtext" %) (% class="cardtext" %) That’s key to the economy, the alliance, global trade, hegemony, democracy, and solving warming (% class="cardtext" %) Daniel Twining 9 is Senior Fellow for Asia at the German Marshall Fund of the United States (GMF). He is also a consultant to the U.S. government on international security affairs “The U.S.-ROK Alliance in the 21st Century,” Strengthening the U.S.-Korea Alliance for the 21st Century - The Role of Korean-American Partnership in Shaping Asia’s Emerging Order” www.kinu.or.kr/upload/neoboard/DATA05/korus09.pdf (% class="cardtext" %) Bilateral and regional trade liberalization (% class="cardtext" %) Expanding U.S.-ROK economic ties is important to … powers—South Korea, Japan, China, and Russia—meet. (% class="cardtext" %) (% class="cardtext" %) Warming causes extinction - outweighs everything (% class="cardtext" %) The New York End Times 6 The New York End Times is a non-partisan, non-religious, non-ideological, free news filter. We monitor world trends and events as they pertain to two vital threats - war and extinction. We use a proprietary methodology to quantify movements between the extremes of war and peace, harmony …. However we also need to incorporate the dangers here . (% class="cardtext" %) (% class="cardtext" %) Trade and growth solve global nuclear war (% class="cardtext" %) Michael, Panzner 2008 faculty at the New York Institute of Finance, 25-year veteran of the global stock, bond, and currency markets who has worked in New York and London for HSBC, Soros Funds, ABN Amro, Dresdner Bank, and JPMorgan Chase Financial Armageddon: Protect Your Future from Economic Collapse, Revised and Updated Edition, p. 136-138, googlebooks (% class="cardtext" %) Continuing calls for curbs on the flow of finance and trade will inspire the United … and Western societies as the beginnings of a new world war.

  
  
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EU CP

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• (% class="cardtext" %) Text: The European Union should establish a European Endowment for Democracy modeled off of the United States National Endowment for Democracy to substantially increase its support for civil law training programs in Yemen using funding allocated for Middle East and North African political reforms. (% class="cardtext" %) (% class="cardtext" %) EU support is key to solve – EED makes aid effective. (% class="cardtext" %) Allen 11 (Democracy Digest, Michael Allen, Special Assistant for Government Relations and Public Affairs at the National Endowment for Democracy, “EU aid to Arab world must deliver on the ‘D’ word to avoid Russia’s democratic disillusion,” May 9, 2011, http:~/~/www.demdigest.net/blog/2011/05/eu-aid-to-arab-world-must-deliver-on-the-d-word-to-avoid-russias-democratic-disillusion/) (% class="cardtext" %) The European Union must provide compelling … Arab states that opt for democratic reform.

  
  
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T Governance not DA

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• Governance aid isn’t democracy assistance
  Peter Burnell 2k is Professor of Politics in the Department of Politics and International Studies, University of Warwick, UK. He is the author or editor of thirteen books, and has authored over 35 articles and many book chapters on democratisation, the political economy of foreign aid, and politics in Zambia. He is founding editor of the journal Democratization., Democracy Assistance: International Co-operation for Democratization 17-8
  That said, democracy intervention is far … from democracy assistance) will be additional.

  
  
  

Case v WGA

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• Their argument elevates white supremacy to an all-pervasive force that explains nearly all global oppression,this conceptual expansion hides the actual practice of racism and makes breaking it down more difficult
  Andersen 3 – Margaret L. Andersen, Professor of Sociology and Women's Studies and Vice Provost for Academic Affairs at the University of Delaware, 2003, “Whitewashing Race: A Critical Perspective on Whiteness,” in White Out: The Continuing Significance of Racism, ed Doane & Bonilla-Silva, p. 28
  Conceptually, one of the major problems in the whiteness …, it ends up meaning hardly anything.

  Their belief that white supremacy inevitably dooms reforms dooms their alternative,their reliance on essentialized notions of white supremacy as the glue that holds the entire system of oppression together means their politics goes nowhere
  Andersen 3 – Margaret L. Andersen, Professor of Sociology and Women's Studies and Vice Provost for Academic Affairs at the University of Delaware, 2003, “Whitewashing Race: A Critical Perspective on Whiteness,” in White Out: The Continuing Significance of Racism, ed Doane & Bonilla-Silva, p. 30-32
  Even those who acknowledge the material …and discrimination, this seems unlikely.

  Political systems historically constituted by white supremacy are not inevitably oppressive and don’t require abolishing America,setting the goal of the alternative as ending America and white supremacy entirely is politically ineffective,reforming whiteness to resolve the impacts of oppression is better
  Sullivan 8 – Shannon Sullivan, Head of Philosophy and Professor of Philosophy, Women's Studies, and African and African American Studies at Pennsylvania State University, Spring 2008, “Whiteness as Wise Provincialism: Royce and the Rehabilitation of a Racial Category,” Transactions of the Charles S. Peirce Society: A Quarterly Journal in American Philosophy, Vol. 44, No. 2
  It is commonly acknowledged today, at least in academic circles, that racial …today might begin living whiteness as an anti-racist category.

  Framing white supremacy as the root cause of every impact destroys coalitions that are vital to racial justice
  Shelby 7 – Tommie Shelby, Professor of African and African American Studies and of Philosophy at Harvard, 2007, We Who Are Dark: The Philosophical Foundations of Black Solidarity
  The distinction between disadvantages caused …needlessly putting blacks in conflict with potential allies.12

  Inclusion of pragmatic, reformist coalitions is the only way to make radical critiques of white supremacy politically effective,the aff alone fails and generates backlash
  Winant 97 – Howard Winant, Professor of Sociology and Director of the Center for New racial Studies at UC Santa Barbara, September-October 1997, “Behind Blue Eyes: Contemporary White Racial Politics,” online: http://www.soc.ucsb.edu/faculty/winant/whitness.html
  Although the differences and indeed the hostility  between the neoliberal and …
  , you don't know how American you are" (Thompson 1995, 429).v

  White supremacy isn’t a monolithic root cause,proximate causes determined through empirics are more likely,and their arg shuts off productive debate over solutions  
  Shelby 7 – Tommie Shelby, Professor of African and African American Studies and of Philosophy at Harvard, 2007, We Who Are Dark: The Philosophical Foundations of Black Solidarity
  Others might challenge the distinction between ideological …
  policy or reduced federal funding for higher education).

  White supremacy isn’t a monolithic system of subordination,it’s fractured and not responsible for every impact ever like they claim it is
  Winant 97 – Howard Winant, Professor of Sociology and Director of the Center for New racial Studies at UC Santa Barbara, September-October 1997, “Behind Blue Eyes: Contemporary White Racial Politics,” online: http://www.soc.ucsb.edu/faculty/winant/whitness.html
  So, monolithic white supremacy is over, …
  which can be described as white racial dualism.[1]

  
  
  

Case v Emporia

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• The 1AC’s call for democratic schools and an individualized, rhetorical conception of democracy will not be politically effective,it’s rejected by the majority of educators and citizens of all political orientations
  Miller 7 – Ron Miller, President of the Foundation for Educational Renewal, editor of Education Revolution magazine, 2007, “What is Democratic Education?,” online: http://www.pathsoflearning.net/articles_What_Is_Democratic_Education.pdf
  Nearly everyone in the Western world believes in democracy, right? So …
  to address the injustices and inequalities of society.

  The democratic schools movement relies on a conception of democracy that’s overly individualized and self-focused,it encourages the thin conception of democracy as nothing more than voting that the 1AC criticizes
  Miller 7 – Ron Miller, President of the Foundation for Educational Renewal, editor of Education Revolution magazine, 2007, “What is Democratic Education?,” online: http://www.pathsoflearning.net/articles_What_Is_Democratic_Education.pdf
  Progressives point to several reasons why they believe…
  is an aid to freedom, not a restriction upon it.”3

  Our author does not criticize democratic schools because he’s a conservative jackass,he’s a radical educational reformer whose overwhelming goal is making democratic practice more effective
  Miller 7 – Ron Miller, President of the Foundation for Educational Renewal, editor of Education Revolution magazine, 2007, “What is Democratic Education?,” online: http://www.pathsoflearning.net/articles_What_Is_Democratic_Education.pdf
  The reason I bring up these objections is not to …
  more resourceful than our cultural prejudices imagine it possible for them to be?

  There’s a topical version of their aff,we’ll introduce the counter-example of the Eagle Rock School and Professional Development Center which is a democratic school in Colorado,one of its key educational methods includes asking students to address arguments directly to policymakers and propose specific policy changes that are relevant to their lives,our interpretation is that the democratic classroom should use the knowledge it produces to make policy prescriptions and debate the merits of those proposals,this solves all their offense while preserving the benefits of policy-focused switch-side debate
  Easton 5 – Lois Brown Easton, Director of Professional Development, Eagle Rock School and Professional Development Center, May 2005, “Democracy in Schools: Truly a Matter of Voice,” English Journal, Vol. 94, No. 5, p. 52-53
  Dear Policymakers:
  We are students from a unique school in Colorado…
  right to dissent in accordance with personal conscience. (Clark)

  The conclusion of a letter to policymakers from Eagle Rock students demonstrates the way students could productively address arguments like the 1AC directly to policymakers
  Easton 5 – Lois Brown Easton, Director of Professional Development, Eagle Rock School and Professional Development Center, May 2005, “Democracy in Schools: Truly a Matter of Voice,” English Journal, Vol. 94, No. 5, p. 52-53
  Letter to Policymakers (cont.) …
  not become lifetime learners. Will they contribute to making this country great?
  Sincerely,
  Eagle Rock Students

  Their author’s conception of democratic schools includes explicit policy evaluation as a democratic practice,failure to do so in the 1AC means they don’t even solve their own arguments
  Moos 10 – Lejf Moos, Associate Professor of Education and Director of the Research Programme on Professional and Vocational Development and Leadership at The Danish University of Education, June 2010, “School leadership – fundamentalistic beliefs or critical reflection?,” online:
  Democratic education is described by …
   rights of individuals and minorities.

  
  
  

Syria Pressure CP

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• The United States Federal Government should: 

    Diplomatically pressure the European Union to prohibit transactions with the Commercial Bank of Syria
    Expand targeted sanctions to additional high level officials within and close to the Syrian government
    Communicate with individuals in the Syrian government and military determined likely to support regime change
    Invoke the remaining provisions of the Syria Accountability and Lebanese Sovereignty Restoration Act
    Call for referral of Bashar al Assad to the International Criminal Court 

  Sanctions targeted at key individuals will flip the military,ensures peaceful transition
  Ahed Al Hendi 11  the Arabic Program Coordinator of the U.S.-based human rights organization CyberDissidents.org, May 3, 2011, “The Structure of Syria’s Repression,” online: http://www.foreignaffairs.com/print/67759
  The diversity of the protesters should be a …, giving way to the wishes of the Syrian people.

  Pressuring the EU to ban transactions with the CBS and invoking the Lebanese Sovereignty act builds a multilateral coalition,signals U.S. credibility to every relevant actor and causes democratization
  Karlin & Tabler 11  MARA E. KARLIN was Levant Director at the Pentagon in 2006,7 and Special Assistant to the Undersecretary of Defense for Policy in 2007 9. ANDREW J. TABLER is Next Generation Fellow at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy, May 25, 2011, “Obama's Push-Pull Strategy: How Washington Should Plan for a Post Assad Syria,” online: http://www.foreignaffairs.com/discussions/roundtables/end-of-days-for-assad
  Now, to follow through on his bold declaration …country by ousting the ruling family.  

  Demand for ICC prosecution generates an effective prodemocracy coalition in the region
  Mark Lynch 11, associate professor of political science and international affairs at George Washington University, June 15, 2011, “Expellus Assadum! ,” online: http://lynch.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2011/06/15/expellus_assadum
  The administration should continue … but that's just not in the cards.

  
  
  

Saudi DA

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• American Arab Spring policies have put Saudi Arabia and relations on edge, additional support for democracy ensures backlash
  Hanna 11, fellow and program officer at The Century Foundation, former senior fellow at the International Human Rights Law Institute, term-member of the Council on Foreign Relations (Michael Wahid, Saudi Arabia: Royal Succession, Regional Turmoil, 3/8/11 http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/8120/saudi-arabia-royal-succession-regional-turmoil
  The kingdom’s current defensive posture with regard to the wave of popular u…
  -term reform efforts that would affect its authority to determine royal succession.  

  And, the plan collapses relations
  Avni 11 New York Post op-ed contributor. Has covered Middle East and US fopo for years (Benny, O's Saudi scramble, 15 April 2011, www.nypost.com/p/news/opinion/opedcolumnists/saudi_scramble_yyAcmLIzBUwiXJkAjyzzwL)
  The Obama administration is scrambling to repair …
  to confront Iran, perhaps Obama won't need to bow to the king again just to get on the Saudi's good side.

  That causes Saudi nuclearization
  Rozen 11  the chief foreign policy reporter for Politico, quoting Patrick Clawson, a Persian Gulf expert at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy and Marc Lynch, a Middle East expert at George Washington University (Laura, Arab spring setbacks in the shadow of complicated U.S.-Saudi alliance, 4/18/11, http://news.yahoo.com/s/yblog_theenvoy/20110418/ts_yblog_theenvoy/optimism-for-arab-spring-fades-in-face-of-complicated-u-s-saudi-alliance)
  
  Riyadh, alarmed by the Obama …
  , they are accused of being Iranian agents."

  Extinction
  Edelman 11 Fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments. Former Undersecretary for Defense—AND—Andrew Krepinevich—President of the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments—AND—Evan Montgomery—Research Fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments (Eric, The dangers of a nuclear Iran, FA 90;1, http://www.csbaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/2010.12.27-The-Dangers-of-a-Nuclear-Iran.pdf)
  
  There is, however, at least one state that could receive significant …
  compromise could leave their weapons vulnerable to attack or theft.

  a) Saudi’s jack the plan-they’re way more powerful than the US
  Al-Tamimi 11 Oxford and Middle East Forum June 19, 2011, Bahrain: Can The U.S. Do Anything?, Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi http://www.americanthinker.com/2011/06/bahrain_can_the_us_do_anything.html
  The result of the Bahraini government's approach has …
  lies in the hands of the Saudis and the GCC.

  b) Bigger internal link to hegemony
  Lazazzero 8—Wake Forest. Law Clerk at Liberty Mutual Group (Joseph, The U.S.-Saudi Alliance: A Necessary Shift toward Peace, www.thepresidency.org/storage/documents/Fellows2008/Lazazzero.pdf)

  Perhaps no other time in contemporary history has the United …
  which those within the United States currently criticize the Saudis.   

  c) Relations with Saudi Arabia key to preventing Iranian aggression
  Cordesman 11 (Anthony H. Cordesman - Arleigh A. Burke Chair in Strategy at CSIS, national security analyst for ABC News, served as director of intelligence assessment in the Office of the Secretary of Defense and as civilian assistant to the deputy secretary of defense, “Meeting New Politico-Military Challenges on Every Front,” April 18, 2011, Center for Strategic International Studies)
  The US cannot afford any strategic illusions about Iran, or hope that …
  require a fundamental change in the character of Iran’s regime and ambitions.

  d) Support for democratic movements causes fleet kickout
  Ottaway 11 (Marina Ottaway - Ph.D., Columbia University, Marina Ottaway works on issues of political transformation in the Middle East and Gulf security. A long-time analyst of the formation and transformation of political systems, she has also written on political reconstruction in Iraq, Afghanistan, the Balkans, and African countries, "Bahrain: Between the United States and Saudi Arabia," April 4, 2011, carnegieendowment.org/2011/04/04/bahrain-between-united-states-and-saudi-arabia/t8#)
  Attempts to solve the current crisis in Bahrain have …
  Saudi Arabia should take precedence right now. 

  And, Pakistan will help them even if they don’t necessarily give them nukes
  Edelman 11—Fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments. Former Undersecretary for Defense—AND—Andrew Krepinevich—President of the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments—AND—Evan Montgomery—Research Fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments (Eric, The dangers of a nuclear Iran, FA 90;1, http://www.csbaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/2010.12.27-The-Dangers-of-a-Nuclear-Iran.pdf)
  
  There is, however, at least one state that could receive significant …
  , as well as strategic depth against its chief rival, India.

  Their resiliency args assume low level diplomacy - people in charge aren’t rational and will backlash to the plan
  Bakshi 11, interviewing Molavi-Mid East Scholar at the New American Foundation (C., The state of the Saudi-U.S. relationship, globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2011/03/22/the-state-of-the-saudi-u-s-relationship/)

  I talked with Afshin Molavi, Middle East scholar at …
  because they fear there would be an Iraq-style outcome – a Shiite-majority population that will likely vote along sectarian lines.

  The magnitude of the link outweighs-just because the veto pisses the Saudi’s off doesn’t mean that it kills the alliance-only the plan is seen as an existential challenge to the regime that challenges the foundation of the alliance
  Aanna Fifield, '11 (6/16, Financial Times US Correspondent, "Arab spring tests US-Saudi relationship", http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/4082dc70-984d-11e0-ae45-00144feab49a.html#axzz1U6GSp8Bu)
  Indeed, the fact that Ali Abdullah Saleh, the Yemeni president, …
  stable. It has come under strain from the outset, notably when the US recognised the state of Israel in 1948.

  Strategic cooperation will occur despite the veto, but the plan ends it
  Mutter 11—contributor to Foreign Policy In Focus and The Arabist (Paul, THE U.S.-SAUDI “SPECIAL RELATIONSHIP” AND THE ARAB SPRING, 28 June 2011, http://www.arabist.net/blog/2011/6/28/the-us-saudi-special-relationship-and-the-arab-spring.html)

  The “Arab Spring” is clearly an unsettling development for …
  risk upsetting the Persian Gulf over the Palestinians.

  Relations aren’t resilient-inside information proves-we control uniqueness because the US has made up for past missteps and will appease Saudi Arabia now-the plan is a massive flip-flop that ends the alliance
  Karasik 11—Director of Research and Development at the Institute for Near East and Gulf Military Analysis. Lecturer of IR at Dubai school of Gov’t. PhD in history from UCLA, specializing in the Mid-East, Russia, the Caucasus, and Central Asia (Theodore, A Conversation with Dr. Theodore Karasik of INEGMA on the “Arab Spring”, 8/1/11, http://www.arabialink.com/2011/08/01/a-conversation-with-dr-theodore-karasik-of-inegma-on-the-arab-spring/)

  SUSRIS: How do you interpret recent public statements…
  will reform, but at their own pace and scope.

  Bahrain is the biggest issue for relations-Obama won’t be able to bounce back from the plan
  Bremmer 11 (Ian Bremmer - president and founder of Eurasia Group the leading global political risk research and consulting firm, created Wall Street's first global political risk index, and has authored several books , PhD in political science from Stanford University,  the youngest-ever national fellow at the Hoover Institution. He presently teaches at Columbia University, and has held faculty positions at the EastWest Institute and the World Policy Institute, “Washington’s stark choice: Democracy or Riyadh,” March 17 2011, Financial Times, http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/493c8dd0-50b7-11e0-9227-00144feab49a.html#axzz1WWwLvwyE)
  Events of the past three months have …
  Muammer Gaddafi, the one dictator in the region they really don’t like.

  And perception of declining relations emboldens Iran
  Vallely 11 (Paul E. Vallely - Chairman, Stand up America, July 19, 2011, "Iran Continues to Change the Balance of Power in Middle East," polymontana.com/2011/07/19/iran-continues-to-change-the-balance-of-power-in-middle-east-2/)
  Iran’s goal, therefore, is to coerce the major Sunni …
  its Persian adversary and away from the United States.
  And relations are improving now because lack of US meddling in Arab Spring
  AFP 9/18 (Saudi Ties in Good Shape: US official, 9/18/11, www.gulf-times.com/site/topics/printArticle.asp?cu_no=2&item_no=458987&version=1&template_id=37&parent_id=17)
  The key diplomatic relationship between Saudi Arabia …
  to the “very good relationship” between Obama and King Abdullah. 

  Prefer our ev
  Afrasiabi 5—prof of pol sci, Tehran U. PhD (Kaveh, The myth of an Israeli strike on Iran, 7 April 2005, http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/GD07Ak01.html)
  There is much talk these days of an impending Israeli military strike against Iran's nuclear facilities…
  by Israel, that is, Iran's transformation into a sworn enemy of Israel. 

  …

  
  
  

T For = Direct

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• 
  

  
  

• Affs can’t provide indirect democracy assistance,“For” requires direct intent, defining the word is crucial
  Christina M. Finello 3, JD, PhD is the Policy and Criminal Court Coordinator for the Philadelphia Department of Behavioral Health "ISSUES IN THE THIRD CIRCUIT: ONE WORD CAN MAKE ALL THE DIFFERENCE: AN EXAMINATION OF THE THIRD CIRCUIT'S HANDLING OF HEALTH CARE INSURANCE POLICY EXCLUSION CLAUSES FOR PRE-EXISTING CONDITIONS" Villanova Law Review200348 Vill. L. Rev. 1355 lexis
  On appeal, the Third Circuit in Lawson affirmed the district court's …treatment "for" leukemia on that day. n66

  And, democracy assistance cannot be indirect, it has to explicitly target the recipient country
  Daniela Huber 8 PhD IR Candidate @ Hebrew U, MA in International Relations from the Free University of Berlin"Democracy Assistance in the Middle East and North Africa: A Comparison of US and EU Policies" Mediterranean Politics Vol 13 Issue 1 2008
  The American researcher Thomas Carothers …different democracy promotion instruments.

  
  
  

T Material Support

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• 
  

  
  

• Topical affs must provide material support, they can’t just be diplomatic or symbolic
  Peter Burnell 2k is Professor of Politics in the Department of Politics and International Studies, University of Warwick, UK. He is the author or editor of thirteen books, and has authored over 35 articles and many book chapters on democratisation, the political economy of foreign aid, and politics in Zambia. He is founding editor of the journal Democratization., Democracy Assistance: International Co-operation for Democratization p5-6
  When defining democracy assistance there are …
  can involve somewhat arbitrary judgments.

  
  
  

Pressure CP v Bahrain

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• 
  

  
  

• The United States federal government should threaten to suspend Bahrain’s designation as a Major Non-Nato Ally, including accompanying assistance, and threaten to rebase the Navy’s Fifth Fleet unless the Bahraini government meets benchmarks of human rights and democratization consistent with a constitutional monarchy, including but not limited to the release of political prisoners who have not committed recognizable criminal defenses 

  Positive support will fail and gets perceived as cow-towing to the regime, hard US pressure by conditioning security assistance solves, the US has serious leverage
  ICG 11 The International Crisis Group is an independent, non-profit, non-governmental organisation committed to preventing and resolving global conflicts "POPULAR PROTEST IN NORTH AFRICA AND THE MIDDLE EAST (VIII):BAHRAIN’S ROCKY ROAD TO REFORM" July 28 www.crisisgroup.org//media/Files/Middle%20East%20North%20Africa/Iran%20Gulf/Bahrain/111%20Popular%20Protest%20in%20North%20Africa%20and%20the%20Middle%20East%20VII%20%20Bahrains%20Rocky%20Road%20to%20Reform.pdf
  That said, the U.S. subsequently seemed to … alternative options  for basing the Fifth Fleet.  

  And, avoids politics and solves perception and cred advantages
  David Dietz 11 freelance journalist for The Mideaster, "Should the US Reconsider its Relationship with Bahrain?" 4/21/11 http://themideaster.com/2011/04/21/should-the-us-reconsider-its-relationship-with-bahrain/
  Nevertheless America must exert pressure on … up for human rights even if it is not always convenient.

  
  
  

T Not Parties

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• 
  

  
  

• Topical affs can only facilitate party pluralism in totality, it can’t aid specific parties
  Cooper Drury 10 is Tower Fellow and Visiting Assistant Professor, the John G. Tower Center for Political Studies, Department of Political Science, Southern Methodist University, Dallas Texas. AND James Scott is Professor of Political Science and Professor of Anthropology at Yale and is Director of the Agrarian Studies Program AND Dursun Peksen is assistant professor of political science at East Carolina University. Conference Papers  International Studies Association, 2010 Annual Meeting, p1, 22p, http://www.allacademic.com//meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/4/1/5/1/5/pages415157/p415157-1.php
  Democracy assistance is typically … will grow and democratic governance will become stronger. 

  
  
  

Pressure CP v Egypt

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• 
  

  
  

• The United States federal government should issue a diplomatic statement promising the recognition of the outcome of the Egyptian elections as legitimate regardless of participation by the Freedom and Justice party.  The statement should promise a policy of peaceful relations and non-intervention but should threaten coercive retaliation, including a reduction of aid, if the Egyptian government participates in conflicts beyond Egypt’s borders, including but not limited to it instigating conflicts with Israel.  The United States should not require Egypt to uphold the Camp David Accords but should require and issue a statement of support for a peaceful relationship with Israel.  

  The CP is a key middle ground between carrots and sticks, it recognizes their legitimacy but promises retaliation in the case of aggression, that moderates the Brotherhood and solves the whole case, this is their 1AC card
  Trager 11 Eric, Washington Institute, September/October, “The Unbreakable Muslim Brotherhood: Grim Prospects for a Liberal Egypt” Foreign Affairs, http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/templateC06.php?CID=1704
  Precisely because the Muslim Brotherhood's …liberal vision for which the youths of Tahrir Square fought so valiantly.

  
  
  

CDD CP

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• 
  

  
  

• The Office of the United States Treasury Secretary should advise the senior management of the World Bank to establish a World Bank Community Driven Development project for the governance of local councils in Yemen, contracting and collaborating with the United States Agency for International Development when appropriate. The United States Agency for International Development should fully cooperate with any requests for consultation or joint project implementation from the World Bank. 

  Avoids politics, doesn’t require spending or involve Congress. 

  Solves the case,the U.S. is the largest World Bank donor and can determine its policy priorities,Community Driven Development projects should be expanded to focus on democratic governance
  Astengo & Oh 11 – Michelle Astengo and Grace Oh, Henry M. Jackson School of International Studies Task Force, March 10, 2011, “Improving U.S. Democracy Aid: Sustainability through Community Driven Development,” in The Future of U.S. Democracy Promotion: Strategies for a Sustainable Fourth Wave of Democratization, online: https://digital.lib.washington.edu/dspace/bitstream/handle/1773/16487/Task%20Force%20C%202011%20Web.pdf?sequence=1
  The U.S. Government can best support development …through the U.S.'s position in the UNHRC.

  The CP’s precise mechanism ensures effective assistance that solves the whole case
  Astengo & Oh 11 – Michelle Astengo and Grace Oh, Henry M. Jackson School of International Studies Task Force, March 10, 2011, “Improving U.S. Democracy Aid: Sustainability through Community Driven Development,” in The Future of U.S. Democracy Promotion: Strategies for a Sustainable Fourth Wave of Democratization, online: https://digital.lib.washington.edu/dspace/bitstream/handle/1773/16487/Task%20Force%20C%202011%20Web.pdf?sequence=1
  Community Driven Development embodies the …, accountability, and sustainability.

  
  
  

Infrastructure Politics UNLV

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• 
  

  
  

• Infrastructure spending will pass now but there will be a fight
  Washington Post 10/13 (GOP: the party of maybe?, http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/ezra-klein/post/gop-the-party-of-maybe/2011/10/12/gIQANfE1fL_blog.html)
  Less than 24 hours after voting down President Obama’s jobs bill, …
  , such as the Social Security payroll tax, aren’t certain to pass again.

  Plan causes mass fights
  McLaughlin 11—staff writer for Washington Times (Seth, Key Foreign Policy Players Try to Master Capitol Hill, 26 April 2011, www.washdiplomat.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=7829:key-foreign-policy-players-try-to-master-capitol-hill&catid=1473:may-2011&Itemid=471)
  Though the State Department and foreign operations …
  that also leaves many diplomats in suspense.

  PC key
  Cillizza 10/6 (Chris, Does President Obama still have political juice?, 10/6/11, www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-fix/post/does-president-obama-still-have-political-juice/2011/10/06/gIQAmtoRQL_blog.html)
  (The president also repeatedly emphasized that if the full …
  and whack the ball back into the House’s court?

  Infrastructure key to competitiveness + clean tech leadership
  Puentes 11—senior fellow, Brookings (Robert, Infrastructure Investment and U.S. Competitiveness, http://www.cfr.org/united-states/infrastructure-investment-us-competitiveness/p24585)

  Most experts agree the United States must address the nation's …
  of government, in collaboration with the private and nonprofit sectors. Infrastructure is a big piece of that.

  Competitiveness prevents great power war - now is key
  Sanjaya Baru 2009 is a Professor at the Lee Kuan Yew School in Singapore Geopolitical Implications of the Current Global Financial Crisis, Strategic Analysis, Volume 33, Issue 2 March 2009 , pages 163 - 168
  Hence, economic policies and performance …
  again in today's America remains to be seen.

  
  
  

Jobs Bill Bad UNLV Elims

• Tournament: UNLV | Round: Semis | Opponent: Michigan DP | Judge:
  
  

• 
  

  
  

• Obama pushing Jobs – vote in the Senate tomorrow
  V.O.A. 10-15, 2011
  October 15, 2011, Obama Disappointed By Congress Inaction on Jobs Bill
  http://www.voanews.com/english/news/Obama-Disappointed-By-Congress-Inaction-on-Jobs-Bill-131912563.html
  U.S. President Barack …the middle class.

  Jobs Bill will fail - Senate Democrats skeptical about Obama political capital
  Cillizza 10-6, 2011—Writes “The Fix”, a politics blog for the Washington Post, also covers the White House for the Post
  Does President Obama still have political juice?, Chris Cillizza at 01:22 PM ET, 10/06/2011
  http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-fix/post/does-president-obama-still-have-political-juice/2011/10/06/gIQAmtoRQL_blog.html
  “Are you worried … the House’s court? 

  Plan forces Democrats to get in lockstep with Obama – gets enough House GOP support for a Jobs Bill
  Blake 10-13, 2011—Political Reporter @ Washington Post
  Democrats thwart Obama’s bipartisan goals again, Posted by Aaron Blake at 10:31 AM ET, 10/13/2011
  http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-fix/post/democrats-thwart-obamas-bipartisan-goals-again/2011/10/12/gIQAk9IShL_blog.html
  It’s become a …polling quite well.

  Pushing the plan through rebuilds Obama capital
  Newstex 11 (1/26, On Done Deals, Or, Sometimes Losing Is How You Win, Lexis)
  Right off the bat, … expressing our frustration.

  The bill crushes U.S. pharma
  Sam Baker 10-17, writer for The Hill, October 17, 2011, “Report: Pharma cuts in Obama jobs bill would cost 230,000 jobs,” online: http://thehill.com/blogs/healthwatch/medicare/187897-report-pharma-cuts-in-obama-jobs-bill-would-cost-230000-jobs
  Democratic proposals to … businesses they support.

  Solves bioterrorism and disease
  Bandow 3 – Doug Bandow is a senior fellow at the Cato Institute, “Demonizing DrugmakersThe Political Assault on thePharmaceutical Industry,” May 8 http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/pa475.pdf
  Consider the federal … reasonable public stockpiles.

  Extinction
  Ochs 2 (Richard, Member, Depleted Uranium Task Force, Military Toxics Project; former President, Aberdeen Proving Ground Superfund Citizens Coalition; Member, Chemical Weapons Working Group, Freelance Writer, 6/9, Free From Terror, “Biological Weapons Must Be Abolished Immediately,” http://www.freefromterror.net/other_articles/abolish.html)
  Of all the … IS NOW POSSIBLE.  

  
  
  

FDI Adv

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• ~=== No Middle East water wars === ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) ~(% class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)Urdan 11~(%%)—writer for Inside Government (Matthew, Wars or Water Peace? Part I, 28 Feb 11, http:~~/~~/www.insidegov.org/?p=534) ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) ~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" %)Perhaps ~(% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)the “~*~*Goldilocks Zone of Cooperation~*~*~(% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight: yellow" %)” ~(%%)… ~(% class="cardtext" %) ~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" %), ~(% style="mso-bidi-font-family:~~"Times New Roman~~";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)~/~/where freshwater is scarcest~/~/~(%%)~/~/.” ~/~/~(% style="font-size:6.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)(Allan, 2002, pp. 255-256). ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) === Squo proves === ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) ~(% class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)Lavlin 10~(%%)—freelance writer working/living in Africa (10/5/10, Tafline, Water Wars In The Past – Five Mideast Countries Tackle Sandstorms, http:~~/~~/www.greenprophet.com/2010/10/middle-east-sandstorms/) ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) ~(% style="font-size:6.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)These ~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" %)sandstorms have always existed~(% style="font-size:6.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %). Camels are one of few ~(%%)… ~(% class="cardtext" %) ~(% style="font-size:6.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)pollution and desertification,” he was quoted by the presidency website as saying. ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) === Opening up to brotherhood clearly creates unpredictability for investors – means they don’t solve === ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) === Egypt has implemented a green transformation in the status quo. === ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) ~(% class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)ENCC 11~(%%) (Egyptian National Competitiveness Council, 1/23/11 "Egypt Green Economy National Initiative," ~[~[www.encc.org.eg/news_details.aspx?mediaId=25>>http:~/~/www.encc.org.eg/news_details.aspx?mediaId=25]]) ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) ~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="background:yellow; mso-highlight:yellow" %)The~(% style="background:yellow; mso-highlight:yellow" %) ~(%%)Egyptian National Council of Competitiveness ~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)ENCC~(% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %) ~(%%)… ~(% class="cardtext" %) ~(% style="font-size:8.0pt" %)order to benefit from the fruits of development. === Status quo efforts solve renewables~~-~~~-~- 1AC Author === ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) ~(% class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)ENCC, 10~(%%) (Egyptian National Competitiveness Council, “Green Egypt: A Vision for Tomorrow,” The 7th Egyptian Competitiveness Report, May 2010) ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) ~(% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)President ~(% style="mso-bidi-font-family:~~"Times New Roman~~";mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)~/~/Mubarak has committed ~/~/~(%%)~/~/the ~/~/… ~(% class="cardtext" %) ~(% style="font-size:7.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)and tradeoffs so as to harmonize economic growth and environmental objectives. === Multiple alt causes no to green tech in Egypt they don’t solve ~~-~~~-~- Their internal link is from an article about “Green Transformation” that defines key steps, none of which does the aff do ~~-~~~-~- 1AC Author === ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) ~(% class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)ENCC, 10~(%%) (Egyptian National Competitiveness Council, “Green Egypt: A Vision for Tomorrow,” The 7th Egyptian Competitiveness Report, May 2010) ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) ~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" %)This chapter presents a~(%%) vision … ~(% class="cardtext" %) towards a greener economy.

  
  
• 
  
  

MB Adv

• Tournament: KY | Round: 8 | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• ~=== Brotherhood is ~_~_pragmatic~_~_ === ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) ~(% class="Heading3Char" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)Guttman 11~(%%) Nathan Guttman is the Washington correspondent for the Jerusalem Post. "Muslim Brotherhood: In Egypt, a Pragmatic Player, but Less Likely To Rule" Feb 09 www.forward.com/articles/135318/ ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) ~(% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)Although ~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" %)proponents of democracy~(% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %) can only be excited ~(% style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:~~"Times New Roman~~"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;mso-bidi-font-family:~~"Times New Roman~~"; mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi" %)~*~*…~*~* ~(% class="cardtext" %) ~(% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)between the outgoing leadership and the opposition groups in Egypt. ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) ~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="text-decoration: none" %) === ~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" %)~*~*Perception of US strength means they’ll be peaceful~*~*~(%%) === ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) ~(% class="Heading3Char" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)Guttman 11~(%%) Nathan Guttman is the Washington correspondent for the Jerusalem Post. "Muslim Brotherhood: In Egypt, a Pragmatic Player, but Less Likely To Rule" Feb 09 www.forward.com/articles/135318/ ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) ~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" %)Indeed, ~(% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)the group is clear in its rejection of the peace treaty~(%%) signed ~(% style="font-size: 12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:~~"Times New Roman~~"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;mso-bidi-font-family:~~"Times New Roman~~"; mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi" %)~*~*…~*~* ~(% class="cardtext" %) ~(% class="Box" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight: yellow" %)reflects ~(% class="Box" %)the ~(% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)consensus in Egypt~(% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %).” === No Middle East war === ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) ~(% class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)Salem 11~(%%)—Director of the Carnegie Middle East Center. PhD from Harvard (Paul, 'Arab Spring' Has Yet to Alter Region's Strategic Balance, carnegie-mec.org/publications/?fa=43907) ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) ~(% style="font-size:5.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)Despite their sweeping repercussions for both domestic and international ~(% style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:~~"Times New Roman~~"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;mso-bidi-font-family:~~"Times New Roman~~"; mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi" %)~*~*…~*~* ~(% class="cardtext" %) ~(% style="mso-bidi-font-family:~~"Times New Roman~~"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)~/~/power~/~/~(%%)~/~/ ~(% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)or~(%%) the basic pattern of regional ~(% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)relations.~/~/ ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) ~(% style="text-decoration:none" %)~/~/ ~/~/ === No Israel nuclear escalation === ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) Elizabeth ~(% class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)Stevens 2~(%%), September 19, 2002, http:~~/~~/infomanage.com/nonproliferation/najournal/israelinucs.html ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) ~(% style="font-size:5.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)Thus far, ~(% class="underline" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)Israel has confronted continuous hostility with ~(% style="font-size: 12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:~~"Times New Roman~~"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;mso-bidi-font-family:~~"Times New Roman~~"; mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi" %)~*~*…~*~* ~(% class="cardtext" %) ~(% class="underline" style="background:yellow; mso-highlight:yellow" %)a united Arab attack~(% style="font-size: 5.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %). It would appear that Israel does not need a nuclear arsenal. ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) === No chance of Egypt/Israel war~~-~~~-~-~_~_leaders ~_~_are pragmatic even if the public is pissed === ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) ~(% class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)Zisser 8/22~(%%)—Director of the Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies, Tel Aviv U. PhD (8/22/11, Eyal, Egyptians seethe as diplomats try to avert diplomatic crisis, http:~~/~~/www.israelhayom.com/site/newsletter_opinion.php?id=367) ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) ~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" %)Egypt's masses are enraged at Israel~(% style="font-size:6.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %), and the ~(% style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:~~"Times New Roman~~"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;mso-bidi-font-family:~~"Times New Roman~~"; mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi" %)~*~*…~*~* ~(% class="cardtext" %) ~(% style="font-size:6.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)mend the current frayed relationship, the outlook is not rosy. ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) === US support for democratic groups signals weakness === ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) ~(% class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)Bar 11~(%%) – Shmuel Bar, director of studies at the Institute for Policy and Strategy in Herzliya, Israel, April 2011, “America’s Fading Middle East Influence,” Hoover Policy Review, online: http:~~/~~/www.hoover.org/publications/policy-review/article/73161 ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) ~(% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)The chances of democracy in Tunisia are greater than in any ~(% style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:~~"Times New Roman~~"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;mso-bidi-font-family:~~"Times New Roman~~"; mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi" %)~*~*…~*~* ~(% class="cardtext" %) ~(% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)all indicate that the U.S. sees Iran as the future power in the region. ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) === That radicalizes the brotherhood and causes aggression === ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) Richard ~(% class="Heading3Char" style="font-size: 12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)Cohen 11~(%%) is a weekly columnist for The Post "Obama should just shut up on Egypt" 2/3/11 voices.washingtonpost.com/postpartisan/2011/02/obama_should_just_shut_up_on_e.html ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) ~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" %)When it comes to crises like the one ~(% style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family:~~"Times New Roman~~";mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast; mso-bidi-font-family:~~"Times New Roman~~";mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi" %)~*~*…~*~* ~(% class="cardtext" %) ~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" %)we at least ought to shut up~(% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %). ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) === The aff can’t mollify them~~-~~~-~-only a risk we turn case === ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) Richard ~(% class="Heading3Char" style="font-size: 12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)Cohen 11~(%%) is a weekly columnist for The Post "Obama should just shut up on Egypt" 2/3/11 voices.washingtonpost.com/postpartisan/2011/02/obama_should_just_shut_up_on_e.html ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) ~(% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)The fact is that ~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="background: yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)~*~*history cannot be ~*~*~(% style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:~~"Times New Roman~~"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;mso-bidi-font-family:~~"Times New Roman~~"; mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi" %)~*~*…~*~* ~(% class="cardtext" %) ~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" %), in the process, just shut up. ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) === They’ll be moderate === ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) ~(% class="Heading3Char" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)NPR 11~(%%) “Egypt Military Promises To Abide By Peace Deal” Feb 12 www.wbur.org/2011/02/12/egypt-14 ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) ~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" %)Egypt’s~(% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %) ruling ~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)military ~(% style="mso-bidi-font-family:~~"Times New Roman~~"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)~/~/reassured its ~/~/~(% style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family:~~"Times New Roman~~";mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast; mso-bidi-font-family:~~"Times New Roman~~";mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi" %)~*~*…~*~* ~(% class="cardtext" %) ~(% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)civil authority to be in charge of the country, to build a democratic free nation,” he said. ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) ~(% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %) === Brotherhood won’t take over === ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) ~(% class="Heading3Char" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)Vidino 11~(%%) Lorenzo Vidino is a Senior Fellow in International Security Studies at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University and a visiting fellow @ RAND J.D. from U Milan Law School, and M.A. in IR from Tufts, "Five myths about the Muslim Brotherhood" March 6 www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/03/04/AR2011030406231.html ~(% class="cardtext" %) The Brotherhood will dominate the new Egypt. ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) ~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" %)With most political forces in Egypt today ~(% style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family:~~"Times New Roman~~";mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast; mso-bidi-font-family:~~"Times New Roman~~";mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi" %)~*~*…~*~* ~(% class="cardtext" %) ~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="background:yellow; mso-highlight:yellow" %)the role of the Brotherhood~(% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %) in Egyptian politics. ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) ~(% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %) === ~~*~~*Plan causes SCAF backlash~(% class="cardtextChar" style="font-size: 10pt; " %)~~-~~~-~-that radicalizes their foreign policy and turns case~~-~~~-~-causes rejection of US assistance and expulsion of the military~(%%) === ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) ~(% class="Heading3Char" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)Martini & Taylor 11~(%%) JEFF MARTINI is a Project Associate at the RAND Corporation. AND JULIE TAYLOR is a Political Scientist at the RAND Corporation. “Commanding Democracy in Egypt” Foreign Affairs, Sep/Oct2011, Vol. 90, Issue 5 EBSCO ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) ~(% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)Yet ~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" %)the ~(% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)U~(%%)nited ~(% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)S~(%%)tates' ~(% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)capacity to ~(% style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:~~"Times New Roman~~"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;mso-bidi-font-family:~~"Times New Roman~~"; mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi" %)~*~*…~*~* ~(% class="cardtext" %) ~(% style="mso-bidi-font-family:~~"Times New Roman~~"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)~/~/the U~/~/~(%%)~/~/nited ~(% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)S~(%%)tates ~/~/~(% class="Box" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)can do little to change~(% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %). ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) === Relations high now but backlash crushes overall hegemony, causes Israel war, and prevents Iranian containment~~-~~~-~-it’s a ~_~_bigger~_~_ and ~_~_faster~_~_ internal link to the case === ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) ~(% class="Heading3Char" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)WOOD 11 ~(%%)DAVID WOOD Chief Military Correspondent for Politics Daily “At Risk in Egypt's Turmoil: U.S. Military Access to the Middle East” www.politicsdaily.com/2011/02/05/at-risk-in-egypts-turmoil-u-s-military-access-to-the-middle-e/ ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) ~(% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)Three hundred combat-armed paratroopers from ~(% style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:~~"Times New Roman~~";mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;mso-bidi-font-family:~~"Times New Roman~~";mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi" %)~*~*…~*~* ~(% class="cardtext" %) ~/~/the [U.S. and Egyptian] services ~/~/~(% class="Box" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)will continue~(% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %).'' ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) === Sustainable military control contains their impacts and means we control uniqueness~~-~~~-~-they’ll preserve a rickety SQ === ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) ~(% class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)Zarpli 11~(%%)—worked at Carnegie and prepared research for Human Rights Agenda Association. (Omer, US-Egypt Relations After the Mubarak Government: What’s Next?, 4 May 2011, http:~~/~~/www.bilgesam.org/en/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=353:us-egypt-relations-after-the-mubarak-government-whats-next&catid=77:ortadogu-analizler&Itemid=147) ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) ~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" %)During the protests, the army acted as a ~(% style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family:~~"Times New Roman~~";mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast; mso-bidi-font-family:~~"Times New Roman~~";mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi" %)~*~*…~*~* ~(% class="cardtext" %) ~(% style="font-size:5.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)won’t change radically in the foreseeable future.

  
  
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Bahrain Adv

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• ~== 1NC Bahrain Advantage == === ~_~_No~_~_ regime collapse ~~-~~- military won’t defect === ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) Micah N. ~(% class="Heading3Char" style="font-size: 12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)Levinson 11~(%%) is a Junior Fellow at the American Foreign Policy Council in Washington, D.C. "What Makes Jordan and Bahrain Different" 3/7 spectator.org/archives/2011/03/07/what-makes-jordan-and-bahrain# ~(% class="cardtext" %) ~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" %)The good news is that ~(% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)the Bahraini~(% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %) and ~(%%)…~/~/1970-71~/~/~(% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %) than Tunisia, Egypt or Libya circa 2011. ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) === Saudis will inevitably keep the regime in power === ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) Ali Al ~(% class="Heading3Char" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)Ahmed 11~(%%) is the director of the Institute for Gulf Affairs in Washington D.C. "How Saudi Arabia Thwarted Uprisings in Yemen and Bahrain" July 19 fikraforum.org/2011/07/how-saudi-arabia-thwarted-uprisings-in-yemen-and-bahrain/ ~(% class="cardtext" %) ~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" %)Give the ~(% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)Saudi ~(%%)monarchy their dues. They ~(%%)…~(% style="mso-bidi-font-family:~~"Times New Roman~~"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in" %)~/~/actively shape the region to fit its needs~/~/~(% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %). ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) === *Failure to support the regime collapses relations and causes Iranian takeover === ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) S. Rob ~(% class="Heading3Char" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)Sobhani 11~(%%), Ph.D. is President of Caspian Energy Consulting "Bahrain: Standing by an ally" 3/3/11 thehill.com/blogs/congress-blog/foreign-policy/147337-bahrain-standing-by-an-ally ~(% class="cardtext" %) ~(% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)This tiny island nation of one million has been a strategic ~(%%)…~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" %)and not fall into the hands of Iran or its proxies~(%%). ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) === And, it causes allied insecurity === ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) Thomas~(% class="Heading3Char" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %) Fuller 11~(% class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %) ~(%%)Bahrainis Fear the U.S. Isn’t Behind Their Fight for Democracy, THReuters, March 4, 2011, James Lawler Duggan/Reuters, http:~~/~~/www.nytimes.com/2011/03/05/world/middleeast/05bahrain.html ~(% class="card" %) ~(% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)Justin ~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)Gengler~(% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %), a former Fulbright scholar in Bahrain, ~(%%)…t~(% style="border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)~/~/he idea of monarchies in the gulf~/~/~(% class="underline" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %).” ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) === That causes regional wars and proliferation === ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) Nick ~(% class="Heading3Char" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)Ottens 10~(%%) is an historian from the Netherlands who researched Muslim revivalist movements and terrorism in nineteenth century Arabia, British India and the Sudan for his Master's thesis. He also studied the history of transatlantic relations and is currently a contributing analyst with Wikistrat, "How To Contain Iran" Oct 2 2010 atlanticsentinel.com/2010/10/how-to-contain-iran/ ~(% class="cardtext" %) ~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="font-size:8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)Writing for The Daily Star, Ramzy Mardini offers ~(%%)…~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" %)it and in order to prepare for the unthinkable~(% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %). ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) === Regional prolif causes fast nuclear escalation === ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) Bradley L. ~(% class="Heading3Char" style="font-size: 12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)Bowman 8~(%%) International Affairs Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, “Chain Reaction: Avoiding a Nuclear Arms Race in the Middle East”, ~[~[http:~~~~/~~~~/www.cfr.org/publication/15721/chain_reaction.html>>http:~/~/www.cfr.org/publication/15721/chain_reaction.html]] ~(% class="cardtext" %) ~(% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)Of any Middle Eastern state, Saudi Arabia is the ~(%%)…~(% class="underline" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)~*~*resulting in a regionwide conflict~*~* ~(% class="underline" %)between Arab States and Israel~(% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt" %). ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) === Fleet doesn’t deter and emboldens regional conflicts~~-~~~-~-turns the case === ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) Toby C. ~(% class="Heading3Char" style="font-size: 12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)Jones 11~(%%) is assistant professor of history at Rutgers University. He is author of Desert Kingdom: How Oil and Water Forged Modern Saudi Arabia and an editor at Middle East Report. "Time to Disband the Bahrain-Based U.S. Fifth Fleet" June 10 2011 www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2011/06/time-to-disband-the-bahrain-based-us-fifth-fleet/240243/1/?single_page=true ~(% class="cardtext" %) ~(% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)American officials are, of course, well aware of all of this. ~(%%)…~(% style="mso-bidi-font-family:~~"Times New Roman~~";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)~/~/Gulf has not been ~/~/~(%%)~/~/much of ~(% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)a success~(%%).~/~/ ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) === ~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" %)~*~*No Iran influence~~-~~~-~-Bahraini shia reject sharia law~*~*~(%%) === ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) Jonathan ~(% class="Heading3Char" style="font-size: 12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)Guyer 11~(%%) Program Associate for the Middle East Task Force and assistance editor of The Middle East Channel "In Bahrain: A Gulf Between U.S. Interests and Values" middleeast.newamerica.net/publications/articles/2011/in_bahrain_a_gulf_between_us_interests_and_values_52035 ~(% class="cardtext" %) ~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" %)In the last months, government ~(% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)forces~(%%) have ~(%%)…~(% style="mso-bidi-font-family:~~"Times New Roman~~";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding: 0in;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)~/~/based on religion~/~/~(% style="mso-bidi-font-family:~~"Times New Roman~~";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding: 0in" %)~/~/ a la Iran~/~/~(%%)~/~/).~/~/ ~(% class="cardtext" %) ~(% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %) === Fleet not key to protecting oil routes~~-~~~-~-multiple reasons === ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) Toby C. ~(% class="Heading3Char" style="font-size: 12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)Jones 11~(%%) is assistant professor of history at Rutgers University. He is author of Desert Kingdom: How Oil and Water Forged Modern Saudi Arabia and an editor at Middle East Report. "Time to Disband the Bahrain-Based U.S. Fifth Fleet" June 10 2011 www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2011/06/time-to-disband-the-bahrain-based-us-fifth-fleet/240243/1/?single_page=true ~(% class="cardtext" %) ~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" %)But ~(% style="background: yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)the Gulf~(%%), after all, ~(% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)is~(%%) a ~(% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)tough~(%%) ~(%%)…~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" %)our reliance on ~~-~~- the latter. ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) === Err neg~~-~~~-~-there’s ~_~_zero evidence~_~_ of Iranian influence === ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) Alexander ~(% class="Heading3Char" style="font-size: 12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)Innes 11~(%%) MS in Middle Eastern Politics @ the School of Oriental and African Studies in London, "Pressure Bahrain with the U.S. Fifth Fleet" July 2011 www.policymic.com/articles/pressure-bahrain-with-the-u-s-fifth-fleet ~(% class="cardtext" %) ~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="background:yellow; mso-highlight:yellow" %)Another ~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" %)common ~(% style="background:yellow; mso-highlight:yellow" %)reason cited for ~(%%)maintaining ~(% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)the Fleet is to keep ~(%%)…~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" %)government’s violence~(% style="font-size: 8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %). ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) === Iran won’t do anything to mess with Bahrain~~-~~~-~-they are rational === ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) Marwan~(% class="Heading3Char" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %) Kabalan 11~(%%) prof of pol sci at U Damascus 8/6/11, Writer says Iran's "pragmatism" explains reaction to intervention in Bahrain, http:~~/~~/www.investors.com/NewsAndAnalysis/Newsfeed/Article/134573379/201108060856/Writer-says-Irans-pragmatism-explains-reaction-to-intervention-in-Bahrain.aspx ~(% class="cardtext" %) ~(% style="font-size:5.0pt" %)In March, Saudi Arabia led a coalition force from the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) into Bahrain to ~(%%)…~(% style="mso-bidi-font-family:~~"Times New Roman~~";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)~/~/be ~/~/~(% style="mso-bidi-font-family: ~~"Times New Roman~~"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow; border: solid windowtext 1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 0.5pt; padding: 0in" %)~/~/understood with~/~/~(% style="mso-bidi-font-family:~~"Times New Roman~~";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding: 0in" %)~/~/in the context of this ~/~/~(% style="mso-bidi-font-family: ~~"Times New Roman~~"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; border: solid windowtext 1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 0.5pt; padding: 0in; background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow" %)~/~/pragmatism~/~/~(%%)~/~/.~/~/ ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) === Fleet not key to heg === ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) ~(% class="Heading3Char" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)Dawn 11~(% style="font-size:8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %) "Mideast unrest puts US military access in jeopardy" 2/19 www.dawn.com/2011/02/19/mideast-unrest-puts-us-military-access-in-jeopardy.html ~(% class="cardtext" %) ~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" %)Former officials say ~(% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)losing the ~(%%)…~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)fellow at~(% style="font-size:5.0pt" %) the ~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)Rand~(% style="font-size:5.0pt" %) Corporation think tank. ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) === No impact to heg === ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) ~(% class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)Parent 11~(%%)—assistant for of pol sci, U Miami. PhD in pol sci, Columbia—and—Paul MacDonald—assistant prof of pol sci, Williams (Joseph, Graceful Decline?;The Surprising Success of Great Power Retrenchment, Intl. Security, Spring 1, p. 7) ~(% class="cardtext" %) ~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="background:yellow; mso-highlight:yellow" %)Some~(% style="font-size:5.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %) observers might dispute our conclusions, ~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)argu~(% style="font-size:5.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)ing that ~(%%)…~(% style="font-size:5.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)performance or ~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" %)engage in ~(% style="font-size:5.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)foreign policy~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" %) ~(% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)adventurism~(% style="font-size:5.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %). 94 ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) === No impact to oil shocks and they won’t happen~~-~~~-~-newest data obliterates their offense === ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) ~(% class="Heading3Char" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)Kahn 11~(%%) Jeremy Kahn, writer for Newsweek, IHT, and NYT, previous editor of the New Republic, Masters in IR from LSE and B.S. in History from Penn, "Crude reality" 2/13 www.boston.com/bostonglobe/ideas/articles/2011/02/13/crude_reality/?page=full ~(% class="cardtext" %) ~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="background:yellow; mso-highlight:yellow" %)Will a ~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" %)Middle Eastern ~(% style="background: yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)oil disruption crush the ~(%%)…~(% style="mso-bidi-font-family:~~"Times New Roman~~";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)~/~/Gulf oil~/~/~(%%)~/~/ ~/~/~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)and ~(% style="mso-bidi-font-family:~~"Times New Roman~~"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)~/~/less sensitive to changes in~/~/~(% style="font-size:5.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt" %) crude ~(% style="mso-bidi-font-family:~~"Times New Roman~~"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)~/~/prices~/~/~(% style="font-size:5.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %) ~(%%)~/~/overall~/~/~(% style="font-size:5.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %) than it was in 1973. ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) ~(% style="font-size:5.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %) == 1NC Iraq Advantage == === Iraq stable now === ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) ~(% class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)Donovan 11~(%%)—Member, American Institute for Petroleum Negotiators. Works in the Baghdad and Erbil, Kurdistan offices of the Iraq Law Alliance (Thomas, Buoyed by oil, a semblance of stability in Iraq, 29 March 2011, http:~~/~~/www.ekurd.net/mismas/articles/misc2011/3/state4914.htm) ~(% class="cardtext" %) ~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" %)As upheaval~(% style="font-size:6.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %) and political instability ~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" %)sweep across the ~(%%)…~(% style="font-size:6.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)related ~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" %)investments~(% style="font-size:6.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %). These developments are welcome and long overdue. ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) === Democratization and stability inevitable~~-~~~-~-solves sectarian violence === ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) ~(% class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)Jensen 11~(%%)—Research Associate at Near East South Asia Center for Strategic Studies. Ph.D. candidate at King’s College London. (Summer 2011, Sterling, Iraq Weathers the Political Storm: Middle Eastern Upheavals, Mid East Quarterly 31-4, http:~~/~~/www.meforum.org/2991/iraq-political-upheaval) ~(% class="cardtext" %) ~(% style="font-size:6.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)The Persian Gulf ~(% style="mso-bidi-font-family:~~"Times New Roman~~"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)~/~/states would be wise to ~/~/~(%%)…~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" %)it is beginning to approach. ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) === No Israel strikes === ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) Elizabeth ~(% class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)Stevens 2~(%%), September 19, 2002, http:~~/~~/infomanage.com/nonproliferation/najournal/israelinucs.html ~(% class="cardtext" %) ~(% style="font-size:5.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)Thus far, ~(% class="underline" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight: yellow" %)Israel has confronted continuous ~(%%)…~(% class="underline" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)of a united Arab attack~(% style="font-size:5.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %). It would appear that Israel does not need a nuclear arsenal. ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) === Israel won’t strike Iran~~-~~~-~-Mubarak’s fall will force caution === ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) ~(% class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)Benn 11~(%%)—editor-in-chief for Haaretz Newspaper. MBA from NU (Aluf, Mubarak's departure thwarted Israeli strike on Iran, 13 Feb. 2011, http:~~/~~/www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/mubarak-s-departure-thwarted-israeli-strike-on-iran-1.343012) ~(% class="cardtext" %) ~(% style="font-size:5.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)Most Israelis were either born or immigrated to this country during ~(%%)…~(% style="font-size:5.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)This appears to have been his last contribution to regional stability. ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) ~(% style="font-size:5.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %) === ~(% style="background:white" %)Concessions trigger blow-back from hardliners – causes militia violence and escalation~(%%) === ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) ~(% class="Heading3Char" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)Gengler 11~(% style="background: white" %) PhD in Political Science from the University of Michigan – Bahrain Expert ~(% style="background: white; color: black" %)A Parliament Without Opposition,~(% class="apple-converted-space" %) ~[~[~(% style="color:#0000CC;background:white" %)http:~~~~/~~~~/bahrainipolitics.blogspot.com/>>http:~/~/bahrainipolitics.blogspot.com/||target="_blank"]] ~(% class="cardtext" %) ~(% style="mso-bidi-font-family:~~"Times New Roman~~"; background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow;mso-shading:aqua" %)~_~_The~_~_~(% class="apple-converted-space" style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family:~~"Times New Roman~~";color:black;background:yellow; mso-highlight:yellow;mso-shading:white" %)~_~_ ~_~_~(% style="mso-bidi-font-family:~~"Times New Roman~~";background:white" %)~_~_ultimate~_~_~(% class="apple-converted-space" style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family:~~"Times New Roman~~";color:black;background:white" %)~_~_ ~_~_~(% style="mso-bidi-font-family:~~"Times New Roman~~";background:yellow;mso-highlight: yellow;mso-shading:aqua" %)~_~_question~_~_~(% style="mso-bidi-font-family: ~~"Times New Roman~~";background:white" %)~_~_, however,~_~_~(% class="apple-converted-space" style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family:~~"Times New Roman~~";color:black;background:white" %)~_~_ ~_~_~(% style="mso-bidi-font-family:~~"Times New Roman~~";background:yellow;mso-highlight: yellow;mso-shading:aqua" %)~_~_is ~_~_~(%%)…~(% style="font-size:8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:~~"Times New Roman~~";background: white" %)of the Slogans!!" So this is a heartening development. ~(% class="cardtext" %) ~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="text-decoration:none" %) === ~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" %)~*~*The aff is irrelevant~~-~~~-~- no risk of Iran or radicalization, regime change won’t undermine US strategy, and dialogue will crumble~*~*~(%%) === ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) BARAK ~(% class="Heading3Char" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)BARFI 11~(%%), Research Fellow, New America Foundation "The Arab Uprisings and U.S. Policy: What Is the American National Interest?" Middle East Policy Volume 18, Issue 2 April 28 ~[~[www.mepc.org/journal/middle-east-policy-archives/arab-uprisings-and-us-policy?print>>http:~/~/www.mepc.org/journal/middle-east-policy-archives/arab-uprisings-and-us-policy?print]] ~(% class="cardtext" %) ~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" %)I was also able to spend some time in ~(%%)…~/~/the West Bank in April 2002.~/~/ ~(% class="cardtext" %) === Bahrain will ignore US aid – Saudis wreck US involvement === ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) Salman ~(% class="Heading3Char" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)Shaikh 11~(%%) is Director of the Brookings Institution's Doha Center and Fellow at the Saban Center for Middle East Policy. Shaikh previously served as the Special Assistant for the Middle East and Asia to the United Nations Under-Secretary-General for Political Affairs and as an adviser to former UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan, "The Bahrain crisis and its regional dangers" March 23 mideast.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2011/03/23/the_bahrain_crisis_and_its_regional_dangers ~(% class="cardtext" %) ~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" %)The ~(% style="background: yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)Bahrain~(%%) crisis is also ~(% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)show~(% style="background:aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %)ing ~(% style="background: yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)the ~(%%)…~(% style="font-size:8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)slide to civil war and avert a greater regional fallout. ~(% class="cardtext" %) ~(% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %) ~(% class="cardtext" %) ~(% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %) === It’s too late~~-~~~-~-the aff is screwed === ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) James ~(% class="Heading3Char" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)Traub 11~(%%) is a contributing writer for the New York Times Magazine and acclaimed author, magna cum laude graduate of Harvard University "The Myth of the Useful Dictator" 3/18 jmhinternational.com/news/news/selectednews/files/2011/03/20110318_ForeignPolicy_TheMythOfTheUsefulDictator.pdf ~(% class="cardtext" %) ~(% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)The administration argues that ~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="background:aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %)~*~*the U~*~*~(% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)nited ~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="background:aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %)~*~*S~*~*~(% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)tates ~(%%)…~(% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)would be a disaster for U.S. policy. ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) === Plan causes massive backlash~~-~~~-~-and, they can’t win UQ~~-~~~-~-Shias aren’t radicalized, all radicalization is a product of perceived US involvement === ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) Justin ~(% class="Heading3Char" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)Gengler 11~(%%) is a Ph.D. candidate in Political Science at the University in Michigan and former Fulbright Fellow to Bahrain "The other side of radicalization in Bahrain" July15 mideast.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2011/07/15/the_other_side_of_radicalization_in_bahrain ~(% class="cardtext" %) ~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" %)In a July 6 interview~(% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %) with Egyptian journalists carried in ~(%%)…~(% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)Al Khalifa: God Save Bahrain from the Traitors." ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) ~(% style="font-size:5.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %) === ~(% style="font-size:5.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %) ~(%%) ===

  
  
• 
  
  

Economic Assistance CP - Egypt

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• === TEXT: The United States federal government should: === === ~-~- Consult with civil society groups in Egypt in order to determine an agreeable strategy for assistance === === ~-~- Promote reduction in corruption and income inequality in Egypt === === ~-~- Expand employment opportunities for the Egyptian public === (% class="MsoNormal" %) === The CP’s more responsive to Egyptian public opinion than the aff === (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)Allen 11(%%) – Michael Allen, Special Assistant for Government Relations and Public Affairs at the National Endowment for Democracy, June 6, 2011, “Egypt’s democracy must deliver on dignity agenda, surveys reveal,” online: http:~/~/www.demdigest.net/blog/2011/06/egypts-democracy-must-deliver-on-dignity-agenda-surveys-reveal/ (% class="cardtext" %) (% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="background:yellow; mso-highlight:yellow" %)Egypt’s(% style="font-size:8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %) Jasmine (% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)Revolution was(% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %) (% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)…(% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)early April, and has a margin of error of 3 percentage points. (% class="MsoNormal" %) === The CP avoids Egyptian backlash === (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)Ottaway 11(%%) – Marina Ottaway, Middle East Program, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, June 22, 2011, “EGYPT IN TRANSITION: THE CURRENT ECONOMIC SITUATION AND THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE,” online: http:~/~/carnegieendowment.org/files/72211_transcript_egypttransition.pdf (% class="cardtext" %) (% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)And there are some disturbing trends here, and I (% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)…(%%)// you hear a lot about from Egyptians.// (% class="MsoNormal" %) === Economic aid avoids regime backlash which crushes overall democracy~-~--it’s key to __gradualism__ which all sides can agree on === (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)Diamond 11(%%) – Stuart Diamond, Professor at Wharton Business School, has advised on negotiation and cultural diversity to corporate and government leaders in more than 40 countries, August 16, 2011, “Wharton's Stuart Diamond: Arab Spring Needs to Spring into Action,” Interviewed by Arabic Knowledge@Wharton, online: http:~/~/knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/arabic/article.cfm?articleid=2706 (% class="cardtext" %) (% style="font-size:6.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)Arabic Knowledge@Wharton: Similarly, (% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)how can Arab …about more gradual changes(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" %).

  
  
• 
  
  

Yemen Adv

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• Solvency

  Plan doesn’t do close to enough to solve Yemeni stability

  Bodine 10 (Barbara, Lecturer and Diplomat-in-Residence at Princeton University's Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, "Yemen: Primer and Prescriptions," Prism, National Defense University Press, June, http://www.ndu.edu/press/yemen.html)...

  A sustained, comprehensive, and coordinated ...the south and the north as more equal partners.

   

  Failure to improve educational opportunities makes extremism inevitable --- 1ac author

  BPC 11 (Co-Chairs Ambassador Paula Dobriansky and Admiral (Ret.) Gregory Johnson, "A Stitch in Time: Stabilizing Fragile States," Bipartisan Policy Center, May, http://www.bipartisanpolicy.org/sites/default/files/FS_Final.pdf)

  2. Expanding Opportunities

  Increasing opportunities for political, ...alternative to religious schools  that can serve as incubators of extremism.

   

  Yemen’s instability’s inevitable--- economic and demographic challenges that the plan can’t solve

  Joseph Natividad 11, staff writer at Prospect - graduate from UCSD, where he majored in History and International Studies–Political Science, “BEYOND POLITICAL UPHEAVAL: YEMEN’S LOOMING ECONOMIC AND DEMOGRAPHIC PROBLEMS,” Prospect Journal of International Affairs at UCSD, August, http://prospectjournal.ucsd.edu/index.php/2011/08/beyond-political-upheaval-yemens-looming-economic-and-demographic-problems/

  As Yemen teeters on the brink of state ...nation within the next decade.

   

  Overwhelms solvency --- this is comparative

  Joseph Natividad 11, staff writer at Prospect - graduate from UCSD, where he majored in History and International Studies–Political Science, “BEYOND POLITICAL UPHEAVAL: YEMEN’S LOOMING ECONOMIC AND DEMOGRAPHIC PROBLEMS,” Prospect Journal of International Affairs at UCSD, August,

  U.S. national security interests in Yemen ...radicalization also represent issues of vital importance.

   

  The plan can’t solve --- local governments don’t have the authority to manage tribes

  BPC 11 (Co-Chairs Ambassador Paula Dobriansky and Admiral (Ret.) Gregory Johnson, "A Stitch in Time: Stabilizing Fragile States," Bipartisan Policy Center, May, http://www.bipartisanpolicy.org/sites/default/files/FS_Final.pdf)

  Transparency, established legal procedures and  ... one-third of the country’s provinces. 64

   

  New Advantage

  No impact to heg

  Maher 11---adjunct prof of pol sci, Brown. PhD expected in 2011 in pol sci, Brown (Richard, The Paradox of American Unipolarity: Why the United States May Be Better Off in a Post-Unipolar World, Orbis 55;1)

   

  At the same time, preeminence creates burdens and ... relationships with the United States.

   

  No Sino/Indian conflict --- self-interest prevents it

  Malik 9 (Mohan Malik, professor of Asian Security at the Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies in Honolulu, 10/15/09, Bordering on Danger, WSJ, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704107204574474433189540954.html?mod=googlenews_wsj)

  However, all this misses the fact that .... It's in both their interests to do so.

   

  U.S. grand strategy will refocus from the Middle East to the Asia Pacific now, but only because declining influence is forcing it to---the plan provides a means for policy inertia to continue

  Gvosdev 11 – Nikolas K. Gvosdev, the former editor of the National Interest, on the faculty of the U.S. Naval War College, August 19, 2011, “The Realist Prism: Despite Austerity, U.S. Military Restraint Is Unlikely,” World Politics Review, online: http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/9826/the-realist-prism-despite-austerity-u-s-military-restraint-is-unlikely

  It is amusing to hear U.S. politicians of all ...at costs that far exceed what was originally projected.

   

  Current naval strategy is unsustainable---naval power will collapse everywhere unless resources can be rebalanced to more strategically important missions in Asia

  Holmes & Yoshihara 11 – James Holmes and Toshi Yoshihara, both associate professors of strategy at the US Naval War College, January 4, 2011, “US Navy’s Indian Ocean Folly?,” The Diplomat, online:

  But assume Washington exercises intellectual discipline, keeping its ...fleet dispositions in the Gulf and Indian Ocean.

  Terror Advantage

  US covert airbases solve AQAP – don’t need Yemen as an ally

  Kimberly Dozier, 6/19/11, Associated Press Correspondent, “CIA building Mideast base for post-Saleh Yemen drone strikes”, <http://www.arabamericannews.com/news/index.php?mod=article&cat=USA&article=4344>

  WASHINGTON — The United States is building a ...as a way to stay in power, the U.S. officials said.

   

  No attacks from Yemen---crackdowns are working now

  Spencer 11—retired infantry commander who specialised in low intensity conflict. He is a strategic analyst on political, security and trade issues of the Middle East and North Africa and a specialist on Yemen. (James, A False Dawn for Yemen's Militants, 8 June 2011, )

  Throughout Yemen's political crisis, the West's chief concern has ...) and the lucrative trade of smuggling drugs and alcohol into Saudi Arabia.

   

  Plan destroys Saudi relations

  Foreign Affairs 11 (Foreign Affairs, Bernard Haykel, June 14, 2011, "Saudi Arabia's Yemen Dilemma," )

  Yet in Yemen, Saudi Arabia has gone from supporting the rule of Yemeni President Ali Abdullah Saleh to essentially strong-arming him into coming to Riyadh for medical treatment after a bomb attack at his presidential palace earlier this month. In Saudi Arabia's eyes, Saleh's hold on power ...In Yemen, Riyadh is confronted with difficult choices and no easy solutions.

   

  Weakening relations causes oil price spikes and collapses heg

  Shaikh 11 (Salman Shaikh is Director of the Brookings Institution’s Doha Center and Fellow at the Saban Center for Middle East Policy, served as the Special Assistant for the Middle East and Asia to UN Under-Secretary-General for Political Affairs and as an adviser to former UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan, “The Bahrain crisis and its regional dangers,” March 23, 2011, pomeps.org)

  The Bahrain crisis is also showing the limits of U. ...war and avert greater regional fallout.

   

  Plan gives Al-Qaeda cover to regain a foothold throughout the region

  Scheuer 11 – Michael Scheuer, chief of the CIA's Osama bin Laden unit from 1996 to 1999, adjunct professor of security studies at Georgetown University, March 4, 2011, “Why the Mideast revolts will help al-Qaeda,” online: http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/03/04/AR2011030402322_pf.html

  The rush in the West to proclaim the advance of ... keep them jailed by Arab tyrants.

   

   

  No impact to oil shocks and they won’t happen---newest data obliterates their offense

  Kahn 11 Jeremy Kahn, writer for Newsweek, IHT, and NYT, previous editor of the New Republic, Masters in IR from LSE and B.S. in History from Penn, "Crude reality" 2/13 www.boston.com/bostonglobe/ideas/articles/2011/02/13/crude_reality/?page=full

  Will a Middle Eastern oil disruption ...Gulf oil and less sensitive to changes in crude prices overall than it was in 1973.

   

  No econ impact

  Barnett 9—senior managing director of Enterra Solutions LLC (Thomas, The New Rules: Security Remains Stable Amid Financial Crisis, 25 August 2009, http://www.aprodex.com/the-new-rules--security-remains-stable-amid-financial-crisis-398-bl.aspx)

  When the global financial crisis struck roughly a year ago, the ...post-World War II international liberal trade order.

   

  The plan is the kiss of death for everyone it tries to support

  Carpenter 11 – Ted Galen Carpenter, vice president for defense and foreign policy studies at the Cato Institute, is the author of eight books on international affairs, including Smart Power: Toward a Prudent Foreign Policy for America. "What Should U.S. Do about Egypt? Very Little" Feb 11 www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=12780

  U.S. policymakers understandably ...States needs to adopt a low-profile role during these turbulent days.

   

  Backlash against democracy assistance turns the whole case---the regime will ban U.S. assistance and crack down on any recipient

  Lazarus 10 – Joel Lazarus, Ph.D. candidate in Politics and International Relations at Oxford, December 14, 2010, “Western Democracy Promotion: A Counter-Narrative,” online:

   ‘Like European monarchs after 1848, post-Soviet ...and revitalised authoritarian regimes.

   

  
  
• 
  
  

EU Forum CP

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• CP --- 1NC

  The European Union should propose to the United States Federal Government a high-level transatlantic strategic forum for coordinating policies toward democratic reform in the Middle East and North Africa, modeled on the U.S.-EU strategic dialogue on Asia. The European Union should inform the United States of its intention to take a lead donor role on providing political organization assistance for Syrian opposition groups. The European Union should provide political organization assistance for Syrian opposition groups. The European Union should propose that the forum release a joint diplomatic statement of high-level transatlantic support for the European initiative.

  …

  It solves the whole case better---key to EU soft power and strategic partnership---the perm undermines it

  Richard Youngs 4, President, Fundación para las Relaciones Internacionales y el Diálogo Exterior, a think tank based in Madrid; Assistant Professor of Politics & International Studies at the University of Warwick, November 2004, “Trans-Atlantic Cooperation on Middle East Reform: A European Mis-judgment?,” online:

  Europeans risk becoming so fixated with disassociating the EU from the US that they are blinded to the advantages of trans-Atlantic coordination. Arguably, the paucity of trans-Atlantic cooperation has …

  broadening of ongoing EU programmes.

   

  The CP triggers U.S. support – high-level dialogue driven by the EU is key to international response

  Stefano Silvestri 11, president of the Istituto Affari Internazionali, an Italian think-tank, founded by Altiero Spinelli in 1965, does research in the fields of foreign policy, political economy and international security, May 9 2011, “A European Strategy for Democracy, Development and Security for the Mediterranean,” online: http://www.iai.it/pdf/DocIAI/iaiwp1110.pdf

  The crisis of the Arab regimes opens up new …

  be dealt with better at the local level if the larger context is not overlooked.

  CP --- Solvency

  EU support’s key to the Syrian opposition---they want an expanded European role

  Malin Rising 10-10, Huffington Post, October 10, 2011, “European Union Backs Syrian Opposition,” online: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/10/10/european-union-syria_n_1003617.html

  The European Union is reaching out to …

  alleged foreign intervention in the country.

   

  The CP’s framework resolves shortcomings of current EU assistance---and coordination signals U.S. support for reform

  Richard Youngs 4, President, Fundación para las Relaciones Internacionales y el Diálogo Exterior, a think tank based in Madrid; Assistant Professor of Politics & International Studies at the University of Warwick, 2004, “European Policies for Middle East Reform: A Ten Point Action Plan,” online:

  9. A European-US Middle East Reform Forum

  The evolution of transatlantic relations received exhaustive …

  issue of Middle Eastern political reform.

   

  Singular U.S. leadership on the Arab Spring triggers strategic overstretch which collapses overall hegemony and MENA democratic transitions---only encouraging collective action in which allies determine the precise mechanisms of action solves the case and preserves leadership---grab a clean pair of drawers before you read this card

  Erik Jones 11, Professor of European Studies, Johns Hopkins University SAIS Bologna Center, September 30, 2011, “Power, Leadership and US Foreign Policy,” in US Power and the Transatlantic Relationship, online:

  The redistribution of resources makes for a …

  has little choice but to go it alone.

   

  The CP’s mechanism solves credibility better than the plan---the most visible U.S. democracy promotion mechanism is a high-level diplomatic statement like the CP---it’s goldilocks because overt U.S. assistance and loudly claiming credit both trigger backlash, while a joint transatlantic position is key to solve the case

  Anna Michalski 9, Acting Director of the Swedish Institute for European Policy Studies, February 2009, “Transatlantic Policy Forum: Democracy Assistance/Promotion,” online: http://www.notre-europe.eu/fileadmin/IMG/pdf/Democracy_TAPF.pdf

  Despite sharing similar value-based foundations and …

  , not least in the current context of deep global economic recession.

   

  CP --- AT MB Add on

  No brotherhood takeover

  Ali 10/19—British journalist based in London and Beirut for the Guardian (Mohanad, Syria's opposition is unified and peaceful, 10/19/11, http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2011/oct/19/syria-opposition-unified-peaceful)

   

  So far, the Muslim Brotherhood has been …

  is clearly diverse in its political affiliations.

  CP --- AT: Perm

  Doing both triggers EU cynicism and mistrust---means any overt U.S. involvement in providing assistance destroys the forum

  Roberto Menotti 6, research fellow in the International Programs at the Aspen Institute Italia, Summer 2006, “Democratize but Stabilize,” Middle East Quarterly, p. 11-20

  Some in Europe interpreted the White House …

   Bush administration appears to favor.

   

  Links to strategic partnership---only respecting comparative advantages and building cooperation around division of labor creates strategic engagement

  Thomas O. Melia 9, Deputy Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, US State Department; Director of Research at the Institute for the Study of Diplomacy at Georgetown University, November 2009, “Supporting Democracy Abroad: Transatlantic Cooperation at a Crossroads,” online:

  Europeans and Americans have over the past two …

  – as a matter of ‘European consensus.’

   

  The perm creates tactical cooperation at best, not strategic partnership---respecting comparative advantage is key

  Thomas O. Melia 9, Deputy Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, US State Department; Director of Research at the Institute for the Study of Diplomacy at Georgetown University, November 2009, “Supporting Democracy Abroad: Transatlantic Cooperation at a Crossroads,” online:

  Today, with the world in the midst of a …

   cooperation to strengthen democracy in the world?

   

  The perm undermines the U.S. Paris commitment---comparative advantage and avoiding aid overlap are key---this is from the text of the declaration

  OECD 8, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2008, “The Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness and the Accra Agenda for Action,” online: http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/11/41/34428351.pdf

  Complementarity: more effective …

  Work together to harmonise separate procedures.

   

  Magnitude of the link is high---doing both undermines every central tenet of the Paris Declaration framework

  (doing both undermines division of labor, reducing the number of donors is key, perm increases transaction costs, perm causes fragmentation of aid which undermines complementarity)

  OECD Working Party on Aid Effectiveness 9, March 2009, “International Good Practice Principles for Country-Led Division of Labour and Complementarity,” online: http://toolkit.ineesite.org/toolkit/INEEcms/uploads/1023/International_Good_Practice_Principles.pdf

  The Paris Declaration of 2005 1 … division of labour among donors...” (§ 17).

   

  Strategic Partnership --- 1NC

  Strategic Partnership NB:

   

  European initiative’s key to EU leadership and transatlantic strategic partnership---the perm triggers EU backlash against US ownership which destroys the forum

  Richard Youngs 4, President, Fundación para las Relaciones Internacionales y el Diálogo Exterior, a think tank based in Madrid; Assistant Professor of Politics & International Studies at the University of Warwick, November 2004, “Trans-Atlantic Cooperation on Middle East Reform: A European Mis-judgment?,” online:

  If this would be good both for Europe and the US, it is a prospect …and American approaches to democracy promotion.

   

  EU relations are at a key turning point---cementing strategic partnership’s key to solve every global impact---including the case

  Dr. Yannis A. Stivachtis 10, Director, International Studies Program, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, 2010, “THE IMPERATIVE FOR TRANSATLANTIC COOPERATION,” online: http://www.rieas.gr/research-areas/global-issues/transatlantic-studies/78.html

  There is no doubt that US-European relations are in …by publics on both sides of the Atlantic.

   

  EU credibility independently prevents extinction

  John Bruton 2, Deputy, Joint Committee on European Affairs, January 31, 2002, The Irish Times, A Report For The Joint Oireachtas Committee On European Affairs…forces that will otherwise overwhelm us.

   

  Strategic Partnership --- 1NR

   

  Independently---strategic partnership solves extinction

  Maria João Rodrigues 11, Professor at the European Studies Institute-Université Libre de Bruxelles and at the Lisbon University Institute, Special Advisor on European Economic Policies, 2011, “Transatlantic cooperation for jobs and a new growth model,” in The Agenda for the EU-US strategic partnership, online: http://www.iss.europa.eu/uploads/media/Transatlantic2011.pdf

  The strategic priorities previously …to be put higher on the agenda of transatlantic cooperation.

   

  Strategic coordination on MENA democracy policy spills over and solves alt-causes---remedies European refusal to support U.S. policy priorities on Afghanistan, stimulus spending, and EU defense budgets

  Will Inboden 11, Non-Resident Fellow at the German Marshall Fund, September 16, 2011, “Transatlantic trends: Weather change or climate change?,” online: http://shadow.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2011/09/15/transatlantic_trends_weather_change_or_climate_change

  Transatlantic Trends finds continued high approval … and good for the Arab world as well.

   

  Basic framework for spillover’s in place but not effective yet---coordination on the Arab Spring cements strategic partnership and spills over

  G. William Anderson 11, professor of practice in Virginia Tech University’s School of Public and International Affairs, an independent consultant, and a former USAID foreign service officer, served as the USAID representative to the European Union, June 24, 2011, “The U.S.-EU High Level Development Dialogue: Building on the Legacy of the Marshall Plan,” online: http://www.gmfus.org/galleries/ct_publication_attachments/Anderson_MarshallPlanLegacy_Jun11.pdf

  Security and Development. The November …cooperation and support fragile democracies.

   

  It’s unique and no resiliency---failure to cement coop over the Arab Spring causes irreversible strategic drift

  Bjoern H. Seibert 11, serves on the German Defense Minister’s Policy Planning and Advisory Staff as an advisor on European/African Affairs, Non-Resident Fellow at the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) at Johns Hopkins University and an Associate Fellow at the Royal United Services Institute, October 11, 2011, “The future of EU-US security and defence cooperation: what lies ahead?,” online: http://www.iss.europa.eu/publications/detail_debate/article/q-the-future-of-eu-us-security-and-defence-cooperation-what-lies-ahead-11/

  Unlike Asia, the Middle East may appear …grave consequences on Europe’s ability to preserve its freedoms.

   

  Strategic partnership’s key to burden-sharing---it’s the only way to make U.S. hegemony sustainable and effective

  Erik Jones 11, Professor of European Studies, Johns Hopkins University SAIS Bologna Center, April 2011, “European Security, Transatlantic Relations, and the Challenge to US Global Leadership,” in European Security and the Future of Transatlantic Relations, ed. Jones and Alcaro, online: http://www.iai.it/pdf/Quaderni/iairp_01.pdf

  The third point is that the United States is …parliaments and not just the two Houses of Congress.

   

   

   

   

  Paris NB --- 1NC

  Paris NB:

   

  The plan and perm undermine U.S. commitments to the Paris Declaration which obligates parties to coordinate aid projects and avoid duplication with other donors

  Gregory Adams et al 8, Associate Director for Policy and Advocacy, Oxfam America, 2008, “A New Roadmap for U.S. Engagement with the World,” online:

  The U.S. can improve the effectiveness of …framework for international aid effectiveness beyond 2010.

   

  U.S.-EU cooperation on democracy assistance is a key test case for Paris---the CP’s application spills over to bolster aid effectiveness

  Vidar Helgesen 11, Secretary-General of the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, March 2011, “Reinvigorating the Infrastructure for Democracy Support: Strengthening multilateral mechanisms for coordinating and implementing democracy policy – what role for the EU and US,” online: http://www.idea.int/resources/analysis/upload/2011-03-03-International-IDEA-NDI-paper-final.pdf

  Despite often being referred to at a rhetorical level, …more coordinated transatlantic action.

   

  Improved aid effectiveness solves North-South disparity---prevents global nuclear wars

  Joshua S. Goldstein 10, Professor Emeritus, School of International Service, American University , 2010, “Changing World Order - Engaging the South,” online:

  In the last chapter’s “Changing World Order” section, … together the North and South in new ways?

   

  Paris NB --- 1NR

  Donor coordination in response to the Arab Spring’s key to global development aid effectiveness---key to prevent conflict throughout the world

  G. William Anderson 11, professor of practice in Virginia Tech University’s School of Public and International Affairs, an independent consultant, and a former USAID foreign service officer, served as the USAID representative to the European Union, June 24, 2011, “The U.S.-EU High Level Development Dialogue: Building on the Legacy of the Marshall Plan,” online: http://www.gmfus.org/galleries/ct_publication_attachments/Anderson_MarshallPlanLegacy_Jun11.pdf

  Over the last three years (2008-10), …in order to maximize long-term impact.”2

   

  Turns the case---donor coordination and commitment to the Paris Declaration’s the only way to make democracy assistance effective

  Greg Power 9, and Lisa Horner, Global Partners and Associates, March 2009, “The Democratic Dimension of Aid: Prospects for democracy building within the contemporary international architecture of development cooperation,” Literature Review for the International Institute of Democracy and Electoral Assistance, online:

  One exception to the general lack of focus on …accountability” (MFA Denmark, 2009:12).

   

  Strategic partnership’s key to solve – it ensures that the reform policies the EU comes up with to solve the crisis are actually effective – that’s de Vasconcelos

  Álvaro de Vasconcelos 11, Director of the European Union Institute for Security Studies, 2011, “Introduction: The agenda for the EUUS strategic partnership,” in The Agenda for the EU-US strategic partnership, online: http://www.iss.europa.eu/uploads/media/Transatlantic2011.pdf

  Another major topic on the transatlantic policy … players like China, India, Brazil or Japan.

   

   

   

   

  
  
• 
  
  

FDI Net Benefit to Forum CP

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• U.S. assistance deters foreign direct investment in recipient states---the CP’s assistance doesn’t

  Ana Carolina Garriga 11, Professor of Political Studies at the Centro de Investigacion y Docencia Economicas (Mexico), and Brian J. Phillips, Ph.D. Candidate in Political Science at the University of Pittsburgh, June 2011, “Foreign Aid and Investment in Post-Conflict Societies,” online: http://www.cide.edu/publicaciones/status/dts/DTEP%20227.pdf

  These characteristics of … by other states.

   

  This is specifically true of U.S. aid to Yemen---the EU’s not perceived as geopolitically motivated

  Wennerholm et al 10 (Peter [Erik Brattberg and Mark Rhinard], “The EU as a counterter-terrorism actor abroad: finding opportunities, overcoming constraints,” EPC Issue Paper No. 60, September, http://www.epc.eu/pub_details.php?cat_id=2&pub_id=1152)

  At an international …unit in the country.

   

  Increasing FDI’s key to Yemen’s liquefied natural gas sector and independently key to solve the case---instability and AQAP are inevitable without it

  Reuters 11 – “Exclusive: Yemen conflict costs state $4 billion to $5 billion,” May 28, 2011, online: http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/05/28/us-yemen-economy-idUSTRE74R12520110528

  The political crisis…Yemen," he said.

   

  Yemeni LNG’s key to relieve global pressure on supplies---it’s on the brink now

  Reuters 10-20 – “UPDATE 2-Increased Yemen attacks menace gas exports,” October 20, 2011, online: http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/10/20/yemen-oil-pipeline-idUSL5E7LK30F20111020

  With oil exports …from the spot market.

   

  LNG supply pressure causes great power war---draws in China and India

  Mike Ewall 7, founder and director of Energy Justice Network, November 2007, “Fact Sheet: Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG),” online: http://www.energyjustice.net/naturalgas/lngfact sheet.pdf

  Globally, the demand …natural gas as well.

   

  
  
• 
  
  

Saudi DA - Shirley

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• 1NC

  Nayef will continue US Saudi security cooperation but puts relations on the brink

  ABC 10/29 (Rym Momtaz - ABC News, "New Saudi Crown Prince Is Counter-Terror Veteran," abcnews.go.com/Blotter/saudi-crown-prince-counter-terror-veteran/story?id=14837222#.TrrbfPQr2so)

  Saudi Arabia's new crown … leadership on human rights issues."

   

  Appointment means coming months are key --- Nayef views democracy as challenging Saudi security

  Husain 10/29 (Ed Husain is a Senior Fellow for Middle Eastern Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations. "A step backwards for Saudi Arabia," globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2011/10/29/a-step-backwards-for-saudi-arabia/)

  In the corridors of ….that will matter most.

   

  Bahrain is the key issue for relations---the plan marks the end of the alliance

  ICG 11 (The International Crisis Group is an independent, non-profit, non-governmental organisation committed to preventing and resolving global conflicts "POPULAR PROTEST IN NORTH AFRICA AND THE MIDDLE EAST (VIII):BAHRAIN’S ROCKY ROAD TO REFORM" July 28 www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/Middle%20East%20North%20Africa/Iran%20Gulf/Bahrain/111%20Popular%20Protest%20in%20North%20Africa%20and%20the%20Middle%20East%20VII%20%20Bahrains%20Rocky%20Road%20to%20Reform.pdf)

  Following on the … to a constitutional monarchy.

   

  That causes Saudi nuclearization

  Rozen 11 – the chief foreign policy reporter for Politico, quoting Patrick Clawson, a Persian Gulf expert at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy and Marc Lynch, a Middle East expert at George Washington University (Laura, Arab spring setbacks in the shadow of complicated U.S.-Saudi alliance, 4/18/11, http://news.yahoo.com/s/yblog_theenvoy/20110418/ts_yblog_theenvoy/optimism-for-arab-spring-fades-in-face-of-complicated-u-s-saudi-alliance)

  Riyadh, alarmed by …of being Iranian agents."

   

  Extinction

  Edelman 11—Fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments. Former Undersecretary for Defense—AND—Andrew Krepinevich—President of the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments—AND—Evan Montgomery—Research Fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments (Eric, The dangers of a nuclear Iran, FA 90;1, http://www.csbaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/2010.12.27-The-Dangers-of-a-Nuclear-Iran.pdf)

  There is, however, at least one …. vulnerable to attack or theft.

   

  Overview

  DA outweighs the case – declining relations causes Iran/Saudi conflict with a faster timeframe since the DA is perception based---that’s Rozen---that escalates and causes mass prolif

  WSJ 11 (The New Cold War, 16 April 2011, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704116404576262744106483816.html?mod=WSJ_World_LeadStory)

  For three months, the Arab world has … what many fear is a looming nuclear arms race in the region.

   

  Turns case –

  a) Saudi’s jack the plan---they’re way more powerful than the US

  Al-Tamimi 11 Oxford and Middle East Forum June 19, 2011, Bahrain: Can The U.S. Do Anything?, Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi

  The result of … hands of the Saudis and the GCC.

   

  b) Bigger internal link to heg

  Lazazzero 8—Wake Forest. Law Clerk at Liberty Mutual Group (Joseph, The U.S.-Saudi Alliance: A Necessary Shift toward Peace, www.thepresidency.org/storage/documents/Fellows2008/Lazazzero.pdf)

  Perhaps no other … the Saudis.  

   

  c) Support for democratic movements causes fleet kickout

  Ottaway 11 (Marina Ottaway - Ph.D., Columbia University, Marina Ottaway works on issues of political transformation in the Middle East and Gulf security. A long-time analyst of the formation and transformation of political systems, she has also written on political reconstruction in Iraq, Afghanistan, the Balkans, and African countries, "Bahrain: Between the United States and Saudi Arabia," April 4, 2011, carnegieendowment.org/2011/04/04/bahrain-between-united-states-and-saudi-arabia/t8#)

  Attempts to solve … precedence right now.

   

  d) Saudi Arabia will crush democracy

  Ahrari 11—Professor of National Security and Strategy of the Joint and Combined Warfighting School at the Armed Forces Staff College. (Ehsan, Viewing the Arab Awakening From the Saudi Perspectives, 23 June 2011, www.ehsanahrari.com/2011/06/23/viewing-the-arab-awakening-from-the-saudi-perspectives/)

  The Arab … immediately and unequivocally.

   

  AT: Aid Now (on Politics)

  The U.S. is aligning strongly with Saudi Arabia avoiding serious calls for reform in Bahrain---Clinton’s speech was pro-Saudi

  Finian Cunningham 11-10, Middle East and East Africa correspondent for the Centre for Research on Globalization, November 10, 2011, “Bahrain: Nailing the Lie in Washington’s Rhetoric on "The Arab Spring",” online: http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=va&aid=27575

  Helping the Bahraini … that is just reality.”

  AT: FF Solves

  Plus FF not key to solve

  Dawn 11 "Mideast unrest puts US military access in jeopardy" 2/19 www.dawn.com/2011/02/19/mideast-unrest-puts-us-military-access-in-jeopardy.html

  Former officials say losing the …, a former diplomat and a senior fellow at the Rand Corporation think tank.

   

  AT: No Saudi Prolif

  Yes Saudi prolif --- Pakistan will give them weapons or give them an extended deterrent which doesn’t violate the NPT---that’s Edelman

   

  And, Pakistan will help them – ensures they get nukes

  Edelman 11—Fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments. Former Undersecretary for Defense—AND—Andrew Krepinevich—President of the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments—AND—Evan Montgomery—Research Fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments (Eric, The dangers of a nuclear Iran, FA 90;1, http://www.csbaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/2010.12.27-The-Dangers-of-a-Nuclear-Iran.pdf)

  There is, however, at least one … its chief rival, India.

   

  Uniqueness

  Relations high---defense coop and alignment on Bahrain

  Bloomberg 11-13, “Saudi Arabia Prepares Defense Plans to Handle Regional Risks,” November 13, 2011, online: http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-11-13/saudi-arabia-prepares-defense-plans-to-handle-regional-risks-1-.html

  Saudi Arabia … buyer of U.S. arms during the period, according to the Congressional Research Service in Washington.

   

  AT: Rels Resilient/Link Debate

  Their resiliency args assume low level diplomacy --- people in charge aren’t rational and will backlash to the plan

  Bakshi 11, interviewing Molavi---Mid East Scholar at the New American Foundation (C., The state of the Saudi-U.S. relationship, globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2011/03/22/the-state-of-the-saudi-u-s-relationship/)

   

  I talked with Afshin Molavi, … be an Iraq-style outcome – a Shiite-majority population that will likely vote along sectarian lines.

   

  Nayef is irrational and committed to quelling ANY perceived threat to the Saudis.

  NYT 10/23 (NEIL MacFARQUHAR, October 23, 2011"Potential New Saudi Crown Prince Seen as Hard-Line but Pragmatic," )

  CAIRO — With the … books about the kingdom.

   

  Bahrain is the biggest issue for relations---Obama won’t be able to bounce back from the plan

  Bremmer 11 (Ian Bremmer - president and founder of Eurasia Group the leading global political risk research and consulting firm, created Wall Street's first global political risk index, and has authored several books , PhD in political science from Stanford University,  the youngest-ever national fellow at the Hoover Institution. He presently teaches at Columbia University, and has held faculty positions at the EastWest Institute and the World Policy Institute, “Washington’s stark choice: Democracy or Riyadh,” March 17 2011, Financial Times, http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/493c8dd0-50b7-11e0-9227-00144feab49a.html#axzz1WWwLvwyE)

  Events of the past … really don’t like.

   

  And, domestic regime instability means that the Arab Spring is the Saudi’s number one concern --- they’ll irrationally react to the plan and end the alliance

  Riedel 8/24—senior fellow at Brookings. Former CIA officer. Adviser to 3 Presidents on Mid East issues (Bruce, Brezhnev in the Hejaz, 8/24/11, nationalinterest.org/article/brezhnev-the-hejaz-5733?page=show)

   

  THE SAUDI royal … and the United Arab Emirates.

  Indo-Pak Impact

  Saudi Nukes causes Indo Pak war

  Roberts 11 (Andrew Roberts -  fellow of the Royal Society of Literature,"Iran's Nuclear Domino Effect," Jan 2, 2011, www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2011/01/02/irans-nuclear-weapons-could-lead-to-a-saudi-and-pakistan-alliance.html

  The Saudis have already indicated privately—… more dangerous.

   

  Extinction

  Toon Et.al. ’07 – Professor in the Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, “Nuclear War: Consequences of Regional-Scale Nuclear Conflicts”, Science 2 March 2007, vol. 315 no. 5816, pp. 1224-1225

  Nuclear arsenals containing … predicted smoke emissions and fatalities pe

  
  
• 
  
  

Bahrain Case Cards - Shirley

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• AT: Democracy Advantage

  Zero risk of regime collapse---no military defections---history definitively concludes neg

  Micah N. Levinson 11 is a Junior Fellow at the American Foreign Policy Council in Washington, D.C. "What Makes Jordan and Bahrain Different" 3/7 spectator.org/archives/2011/03/07/what-makes-jordan-and-bahrain#

  The good news … Egypt or Libya circa 2011.

   

  Prefer our model --army defections determine collapse – Zero risk in Bahrain

  Barry Rubin 11 professor @ Israel IDC, director of the Global Research in International Affairs (GLORIA) Center and editor of the Middle East Review of International Affairs (MERIA) Journal, “How And Why Most Middle East Regimes Will Survive the Current Turmoil” April 9 http://www.crethiplethi.com/how-and-why-most-middle-east-regimes-will-survive-the-current-turmoil/islamic-countries/saudi-arabia/2011/

  In discussing recent ….to happen elsewhere.

   

  Bahrain not key to democratic credibility---lack of U.S. support is the exception that proves the rule

  Young 8/25---opinion editor of the Daily Star newspaper in Beirut. Master’s in IR from Johns Hopkins (25 August 2011, Michael, Arab Spring gives US a new chance in the Middle East, www.thenational.ae/thenationalconversation/comment/arab-spring-gives-us-a-new-chance-in-the-middle-east?pageCount=0)

  Mr Obama has …and economic development.

   

  Failure to support the ruling family collapses the relationship and causes Iranian takeover---flips the whole case

  S. Rob Sobhani 11, Ph.D. is President of Caspian Energy Consulting "Bahrain: Standing by an ally" 3/3/11 thehill.com/blogs/congress-blog/foreign-policy/147337-bahrain-standing-by-an-ally

  This tiny island nation … of Iran or its proxies.

   

   

  US promotion of reforms will just leave the US with no allies and no credible regional strategy---causes US kickout, Iranian influence, and turns case

  George Friedman 11 chief intelligence officer, financial overseer, and CEO of the private intelligence corporation Stratfor B.A. at the City College of New York and a Ph.D. in government at Cornell University "Obama and the Arab Spring" May 24 www.realclearworld.com/articles/2011/05/24/obama_and_the_arab_spring_99530.html

  Obama appears to …democracy or friends.

   

  Turns Iran and collapses regional alliances

  Reuters 11 “Analysis: Bahrain crisis seen worsening sectarian tensions” 3/16 http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/03/16/us-bahrain-tensions-idUSTRE72F3KL20110316

  Gulf autocrats clearly …out," Hamid added.

  We’ve already offered to mediate a dialogue and the regime said no---the plan changes nothing

  Kenneth Katzman 10-18, Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs at the Congressional Research Service, October 18, 2011, “Bahrain: Reform, Security, and U.S. Policy,” online: http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/95-1013.pdf

  At the same time, the … with the opposition. 

   

  The plan does nothing to satisfy the opposition---they want outright Shia rule

  Kenneth Katzman 10-18, Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs at the Congressional Research Service, October 18, 2011, “Bahrain: Reform, Security, and U.S. Policy,” online: http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/95-1013.pdf

  Protests that … disparity in the elected lower house of parliament. 

   

  Hardliners are too radicalized---they’re freezing out unions because they support moderate reforms---this also makes reconciliation impossible

  Democracy Digest 11 June 7, 2011, End rights abuses, Obama tells Bahrain

  http://www.demdigest.net/blog/2011/06/end-rights-abuses-obama-tells-bahrain/

  Regime hardliners deliberately …the Sunni minority.

  Democracy doesn’t solve war

  Mueller 9—pol sci prof and IR, Ohio State. Widely-recognized expert on terrorism threats in foreign policy. AB from U Chicago,  MA  in pol sci from UCLA and PhD in pol sci from UCLA (John, Faulty Correlation, Foolish Consistency, Fatal Consequence: Democracy, Peace, and Theory in the Middle East, 15 June 2007, http://psweb.sbs.ohio-state.edu/faculty/jmueller/KENT2.PDF)

  In the last couple of decades … elevated into a causal relationship.

   

  Prefer our evidence—backed by studies

  Rosato 3  – PhD PolSci, Chicago; conclusion of a statistical survey of democracies (Sebastian, The Flawed Logic of Democratic Peace Theory, The American Political Science Review 97.4, AG)

   

  The causal logics that underpin … causes peace.

   

  Empirically wrong

  Nisley 8 (Thomas Jay Nisley, Prof. of International Studies, Southern Polytechnic State University, “The Pugnacious and the Pacific: Why Some Democracies Fight Wars” International Politics (2008) 45, 168–181)

   

  Although there are many … for many decades.

  AT: Fifth Fleet Advantage

   

  Current naval strategy is unsustainable---naval power will collapse everywhere unless resources can be rebalanced to more strategically important missions in Asia

  Holmes & Yoshihara 11 – James Holmes and Toshi Yoshihara, both associate professors of strategy at the US Naval War College, January 4, 2011, “US Navy’s Indian Ocean Folly?,” The Diplomat, online:

  But assume Washington … in the Gulf and Indian Ocean.

   

  Fifth fleet kickout causes naval flexibility and diversification---solves every impact better---and it’s unique

  Michael Koplovsky 6, Deputy Chief of Mission at U.S. Embassy Lusaka, MA in National Security and Strategic Studies from the U.S. Naval War College, October 23, 2006, “Precipitating the Inevitable: The Surprisingly Benign Impact of Losing Basing Rights in Bahrain,” online:

  What if the United States lost …throughout the region.

   

  Our evidence presumes a sudden kickout---even Bahrain giving us the finger unilaterally triggers effective alternatives and doesn’t cause their impacts

  Michael Koplovsky 6, Deputy Chief of Mission at U.S. Embassy Lusaka, MA in National Security and Strategic Studies from the U.S. Naval War College, October 23, 2006, “Precipitating the Inevitable: The Surprisingly Benign Impact of Losing Basing Rights in Bahrain,” online:

  In an era of shrinking budgets … blessing in disguise.

   

   

  Middle East naval power trades off with presence in the South China Seas---causes war

  Robert D. Kaplan 11 is senior fellow at the Center for a New American Security, national correspondent for the Atlantic, and a member of the U.S. Defense Department's Defense Policy Board, September/October 2011, “The South China Sea Is the Future of Conflict,” online: http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/08/15/the_south_china_sea_is_the_future_of_conflict?print=yes&hidecomments=yes&page=full

  JUST AS GERMAN …actually looks like.

   

  China’s increasing naval supremacy in the Seas now --- only scenario for conflict escalation---kills U.S. supremacy in Asia

  Dr Graham Ong-Webb 11 - 3-15 2011,  a Managing Editor with IHS Jane's & PhD from the Department of War Studies, King's College London, “How Far Will China's Navy Reach?”, http://www.isn.ethz.ch/isn/Current-Affairs/ISN-Insights/Detail?lng=en&id=127560&contextid734=127560&contextid735=127476&tabid=127476

  Often discussed … China's expansive military planning and procurement.

   

  Massive nuke war

  Walton 7 – C. Dale Walton, Lecturer in International Relations and Strategic Studies at the University of Reading, 2007, Geopolitics and the Great Powers in the 21st Century, p. 49

  Obviously, it is of vital … by close great power alliances.

   

   

  Centralizing permanent naval presence in East Asia solves every advantage of basing in Bahrain better

  Michael Koplovsky 6, Deputy Chief of Mission at U.S. Embassy Lusaka, MA in National Security and Strategic Studies from the U.S. Naval War College, October 23, 2006, “Precipitating the Inevitable: The Surprisingly Benign Impact of Losing Basing Rights in Bahrain,” online:

  By establishing a network … time to succeed.

   

  Alternatives solve every case impact---prefer our evidence

  Michael Koplovsky 6, Deputy Chief of Mission at U.S. Embassy Lusaka, MA in National Security and Strategic Studies from the U.S. Naval War College, October 23, 2006, “Precipitating the Inevitable: The Surprisingly Benign Impact of Losing Basing Rights in Bahrain,” online:

  Despite adamant … is another important concern.

   

  No kickout---even radicalization and continued instability don’t cause it

  Emile Hokayem 10-19, Senior Fellow for Regional Security, International Institute for Strategic Studies-Middle East, October 19, 2011, “Atlantic - U.S. Has Options to Curb Crackdown in Bahrain, an Ally,” online: http://www.iiss.org/whats-new/iiss-experts-commentary/us-has-options-to-curb-crackdown-in-bahrain-an-ally/

  One idea for U.S. … of greater oppression..

   

  Zero risk the opposition will ever push to kick out the fleet---most recent evidence

  Eli Lake 11-10, is the senior national-security correspondent for Newsweek and the Daily Beast, November 10, 2011, “Bahrain Opposition No Pawn of Iran’s Mullahs, Shiite Leader Says,” online: http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2011/11/10/bahrain-opposition-no-pawn-of-iran-s-mullahs-shiite-leader-says.html

  The Gulf States … of life to Bahrain.”

   

  The U.S. won’t move the fleet

  Kenneth Katzman 10-18, Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs at the Congressional Research Service, October 18, 2011, “Bahrain: Reform, Security, and U.S. Policy,” online: http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/95-1013.pdf

  The U.S.-Bahrain … of the Persian Gulf states, collectively. 

   

  No country can take over the Gulf --- US presence not key

  Eugene Gholz 10 Associate Professor of Public Affairs, UT. PhD in pol sci from MIT—and—Daryl Press—Associate Professor of Government, Dartmouth. PhD in pol sci from MIT, Footprints in the Sand,

  For decades, the cornerstone …. not be a significant factor.

   

  Multiple factors constrain Iranian aggression or adventurism---they’re evidence conflates motivation and capability

  Kaye 10—Senior political scientist, RAND. CFR member and former prof at George Wash. PhD in pol sci from UC Berkeley—AND—Nora Bensahel—adjunct prof of IR at Georgetown. PhD in pol sci from Stanford—AND—Jerrold D. Green—research professor, USC. PhD in pol sci from U Chicago—AND—Frederic Wehrey—Senior analyst at RAND. Former Georgetown prof. D.Phil. candidate in IR, Oxford. Master’s in near Eastern studies, Princeton (Dalia Dassa, Dangerous But Not Omnipotent, Report by RAND for the Airforce and DOD, )

   

  To accurately gauge the strategic …, ties to  Islamist groups, and ability to influence Arab public opinion.

   

  No Iran threat---their evidence is blinded by special interests

  Zarrabi 11—conducted lectures and seminars on international affairs, particularly in relation to Iran, with focus on US/Iran issues. President, regional chapter of World Affairs Council of San Diego. Author of 2 books about Iran. (Kam, CRYING WOLF, AGAIN?, 9 June 2011, )

   

  Another round of …its Palestinian dilemmas.

  
  
• 
  
  

Egypt E-IMET Condition CP - Shirley Octas

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• The United States Federal Government should, through quiet diplomatic channels, inform the Egyptian Supreme Council of Armed Forces that the continuation of military assistance to Egypt will depend upon the Egyptian military following through on its publicly stated commitments to a democratic transition, including but not limited to holding elections on scheduled timetables, transitioning away from the use of military courts against civilians, adhering to standards of conduct taught in E-IMET classes, and that the continuation of military assistance will depend upon high-level officers in the Egyptian military who have undergone E-IMET training conducting training on compliance with E-IMET procedures for lower-level military officers.

   

  Issue linkage between military aid and the military’s commitment to the transition solves the whole case, and avoids politics

  CSM 11-9 – Christian Science Monitor, November 9, 2011, “Now is not the time to push Egypt's military on democratic elections?,” online: http://www.csmonitor.com/layout/set/print/content/view/print/422514

  Egypt's military rulers …no military aid."

   

  Conditioning aid is popular, they empirically say yes, and Obama also won’t push it so doesn’t cost capital

  Axelrod 11 Matthew Craig Axelrod The Lauder Institute, University of Pennsylvania A RESEARCH PAPER Presented to the Faculties of the University of Pennsylvania in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Master of Arts April 2011 Faculty Advisor: Dr. John Neiva “Aid as Leverage?  Understanding the U.S.-Egypt Military Relationship” http://lauder.wharton.upenn.edu/pages/pdf/Axelrod.pdf

  In 2007, Congressional …the status quo.

   

  The US has incredible leverage over the SCAF and they will retain the final say over Egyptian foreign policy

  Rosen 11 Armin Rosen The New Republic “Cairo Dispatch: Can Egypt’s Liberals Challenge the Military’s Hegemony?” Aug 15

  IF EGYPTIAN LIBERALS …Egypt’s military leadership.

  
  
• 
  
  

Libya Neg - Shirley Quarters

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• T Governance

  Governance aid isn’t democracy assistance---adding it explodes the topic

  Peter Burnell 2k is Professor of Politics in the Department of Politics and International Studies, University of Warwick, UK. He is the author or editor of thirteen books, and has authored over 35 articles and many book chapters on democratisation, the political economy of foreign aid, and politics in Zambia. He is founding editor of the journal Democratization., Democracy Assistance: International Co-operation for Democratization 17-8

  In principle democracy assistance can …

  * in the Development Assistance Committee's terms.

   

  Only our interpretation prevents topic explosion which destroys precision and research

  Edward Newman 1 Peace and Governance Programme United Nations University "Democracy Assistance: Motives, Impacts, and Limitations" ECRD Volume 4, Number 2 (September 2001) REVIEWING: Peter BURNELL (ed.), Democracy Assistance: International Co-operation for Democratization www.incore.ulst.ac.uk/services/ecrd/digests/ECRD8.pdf

  Democracy Assistance - global perspectives

  The volume by Cox, Ikenberry and Inoguchi is …

  the potential tensions between the different types of assistance?

   

   

  We allow plenty of aff flex---topical affs include providing party support, funding NGOs and civil society groups, election assistance, constitution-writing, and democratic dialogues—these are all direct democratic variables---the aff is only indirect

  Steven E. Finkel et al 7, Daniel H. Wallace Professor of Political Science, University of Pittsburgh (formerly, University of Virginia) AND Anibal Perez-Linan, Assistant Professor of Political Science, University of Pittsburgh AND Mitchell A. Seligson, Centennial Professor of Political Science, Vanderbilt University," The Effects of U.S. Foreign Assistance on Democracy Building, 1990–2003" World Politics 59.3 (2007) 404-440, MUSE

  Based on existing theories of democratization, …

  Democracy and of usaid's Democracy and Governance Office.

   

   

  Governance is overly broad

  Dinorah Azpuru et al 8 is assistant professor of political science at Wichita State University, Steven E. Finkel, Daniel H. Wallace Professor of Political Science, University of Pittsburgh (formerly, University of Virginia) AND Anibal Perez-Linan, Assistant Professor of Political Science, University of Pittsburgh AND Mitchell A. Seligson, Centennial Professor of Political Science, Vanderbilt University, "What has the United States Been Doing?" Journal of Democracy 19.2 (2008) 150-159 Muse

  9. The area of Elections and Political Processes includes activities corresponding to various aspects of electoral assistance, support for the development of a political-party system, and legislative representation; Rule of Law includes human rights programs and funding for legal and judicial development; Civil Society includes programs promoting independent mass media, civic education, and labor; and Governance (a very broad category) covers anticorruption projects, decentralization, and local-government activities, among others.

   

  And, it is impossible to distinguish governance assistance from broader foreign aid programs---supporting local governance capacity invariably includes provision of social services and foreign aid

  Carothers 6 Thomas Carothers vice president for studies at Carnegie, a visiting faculty member at Oxford University, Central European University, and the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies, AB from Harvard, M.SC London School of Economics and JD Harvard, and and has written extensively on democratic issues “Democracy Aid Enters the Socioeconomic Domain” NOTE – no date listed, latest citation is 2006 http://www.sais-jhu.edu/centers/schwartzforum/pdf/carotherspaper.pdf

  The gap between democracy aid and …

  socioeconomic assistance began to blur.

   

  That’s the death-knell for precision, democracy assistance research, and policy-making

  Steven E. Finkel et al 7, Daniel H. Wallace Professor of Political Science, University of Pittsburgh (formerly, University of Virginia) AND Anibal Perez-Linan, Assistant Professor of Political Science, University of Pittsburgh AND Mitchell A. Seligson, Centennial Professor of Political Science, Vanderbilt University,"The Effects of U.S. Foreign Assistance on Democracy Building, 1990–2003" World Politics 59.3 (2007) 404-440, MUSE

  To be sure, there is a growing literature that …

  the processes of democratization.

   

  If our vision of the topic is more limited we win

  Richard Lappin 10 is Ph. D candidiate at Leuven Centre for Peace Research and Strategic Studiesnell Medical Center. "What We Talk About When We Talk About Democracy Assistance: The Problem of Definition in Post-Conflict Approaches" CEJISS 2010 V4 Issue 1 www.cejiss.org/issue/2010-volume-4-issue-1/lappin

  Problems Resulting From Definitional Uncertainty

  Establishing the definitional clarity …

  -conflict democracy assistance can be drawn.

   

  a.     Ground---there are zero DAs to making local governments file papers more effectively---all the best DAs and solvency debates on this topic have to do with changing the country’s ruling structure---they also make the topic bidirectional because they could improve the functioning of an authoritarian government, which crushes the neg because it only affects democracy indirectly

  Thomas Carothers 99 vice president for studies at Carnegie, a visiting faculty member at Oxford University, Central European University, and the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies, AB from Harvard, M.SC London School of Economics and JD Harvard, and and has written extensively on democratic issues  Aiding democracy abroad: the learning curve p21

  Although U.S. officials began to view …

  had helped strengthen in many countries.

   

  There’s a crucial distinction

  Peter Burnell 2k is Professor of Politics in the Department of Politics and International Studies, University of Warwick, UK. He is the author or editor of thirteen books, and has authored over 35 articles and many book chapters on democratisation, the political economy of foreign aid, and politics in Zambia. He is founding editor of the journal Democratization., Democracy Assistance: International Co-operation for Democratization 17-8

  That said, democracy intervention is far …

  from democracy assistance) will be additional.

  Only imprecise and broad EU definitions include governance---US democracy assistance explicitly separates them

  Richard Youngs 2 is director general of FRIDE (A European Think Tank for Global Action) He is also assistant professor at the University of Warwick in the UK The European Union and the promotion of democracy p30-31

  Democracy Assistance

  The most visible sign of the EU's commitment …

  , and Asia, with further amounts distributed through horizontal cross-regional budgets.4

   

  Even if there is some overlap precise definitions explicitly separate the 2

  Mitchell & Phillips 8 *Lincoln A. Mitchell is the Arnold A. Saltzman assistant Professor in the practice of international Politics at Columbia and an associate research scholar at Columbia University's Harriman Institute. AND **David L. Phillips is a visiting scholar at Columbia University's Center for the Study of Human Rights. He has worked as a senior adviser to the US Department of State and the United Nations Secretariat. He has held academic positions as a visiting scholar at Harvard University's Center for Middle East Studies and as a professor at the Diplomatic Academy of Vienna "ENHANCING DEMOCRACY ASSISTANCE: A RESEARCH PROJECT OF THE NATIONAL COMMITTEE ON AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY" The Atlantic Council January 2008  acus.org/files/publication_pdfs/65/Enhancing%20Democracy%20Assistance.pdf

  Enhancing Techniques

  A toolbox of approaches and methods …

  participation, contestation, and accountability.

   

  Off

  The Republic of Korea should propose, within the G20, that it should take a lead donor role in a G20 effort toward supporting governance training for the National Transitional Council as a component of the G20’s Development Agenda. The Republic of Korea, through its Knowledge Sharing Program, should provide governance training for the National Transitional Council. The Republic of Korea should propose that the G20 issue a joint diplomatic communiqué endorsing the goals and methods of this effort, and should contact the United States for information concerning best practices in providing assistance generated through United States experience in the field.

   

  Solves the case---triggers successful transitions in MENA and it’s key to South Korea’s G-20 leadership and energy access

  Troy Stangarone 10-21, the Senior Director of Congressional Affairs and Trade for the Korea Economic Institute, October 21, 2011, “South Korea’s Arab Spring Role?,” online: http://the-diplomat.com/new-leaders-forum/2011/10/21/south-korea’s-arab-spring-role/

  With the death of Muammar Gaddafi, Libya …significant portion of its natural gas.

   

  Increased South Korean leadership role through the G20’s key to the entire G20 policy agenda---solves the global economy, food security, and global green tech

  Maria Monica Wihardja 10-21, Visiting Fellow in the Indonesia Project, the Arndt-Corden Division of Economics, Australian National University; Associate Member, Center for Strategic and International Studies, Jakarta, October 21, 2011, “2011-2012 difficult years for G20,” online: http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/10/21/2011-2012-difficult-years-g20.html

  These problems make global policy …role in leadership, perhaps collectively.

   

  South Korean energy access is key to check China’s rise

  Michael Raska, PhD candidate at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, 2011, Predictable  uncertainty: China’s  rise and U.S.–Korea  security dilemmas, Global Is Asian p24-5, http://www.spp.nus.edu.sg/docs/phd/michael-raska/publications/Predictable_Uncertainty_raska.pdf

  Accordingly, as a response to growing Chinese …command, control and communications systems.

   

  Giant nuke war

  Walton 7 – C. Dale Walton, Lecturer in International Relations and Strategic Studies at the University of Reading, 2007, Geopolitics and the Great Powers in the 21st Century, p. 49

  Obviously, it is of vital importance to the …system that is not marked by close great power alliances. …

  Off

  The United States Federal Government should repeal Internal Revenue Code restrictions, and the Department of Treasury should repeal ATF guidelines, on charities and foundations that offer grants, services, and/or other forms of assistance to foreign non-governmental organizations to provide governance training for the National Transitional Council. The President of the United States should issue a statement of support for the efforts of the aforementioned charities and foundations, stating that linkages between non-governmental actors are vital to effective democratic transitions in the Middle East and North Africa.

   

  IRC restrictions currently prohibit U.S. foundations from direct democracy support---repealing spurs effective private assistance that solves the substance and signal of the plan

  Nina J. Crimm 5, Professor of Law, St. John's University School of Law, February 2005, “ARTICLE: Democratization, Global Grant-Making, and the Internal Revenue Code Lobbying Restrictions,” Tulane Law Review, 79 Tul. L. Rev. 587, p. lexis

  The above rationales and the resulting governmental tax controls …with important theoretical and practical political notions of democracy.

   

  Repealing the Treasury ATF guidelines triggers philanthropic assistance---independently solves U.S. cred

  Garry W. Jenkins 7, Assistant Professor of Law, The Ohio State University Moritz College of Law, March 2007, “ARTICLE: SOFT POWER, STRATEGIC SECURITY, AND INTERNATIONAL PHILANTHROPY,” North Carolina Law Review, 85 N.C.L. Rev. 773, p. lexis

  Despite the many benefits generated by …generating enhanced credibility and legitimacy.

   

  Avoids politics and solves the case better

  Mark Lagon 11, Adjunct Senior Fellow for Human Rights at the Council on Foreign Relations, February 2011, “Promoting Democracy: The Whys and Hows for the United States and the International Community,” online: http://www.cfr.org/democracy-promotion/promoting-democracy-whys-hows-united-states-international-community/p24090

  The protests sweeping the Middle East …to encourage it are in plain sight.

   

   

  
  
• 
  
  

OU Neg - Shirley Semis

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• T – HDAC

  There’s no longer a House Democracy Assistance Commission---in the current Congress it’s the House Democracy Partnership

  HDP 11 – House Democracy Partnership, 2011, “About the Commission,” online: http://hdac.house.gov/about.shtml

  The House Democracy … "House Democracy Partnership."

  T – Increase

  Definitional support---increase requires a mandated net expansion---merely allowing an increase is insufficient

  EPA 7 – Environmental Protection Agency, September 12, 2007, “Operating Permit Programs and Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) and Nonattainment New Source Review (NSR); Flexible Air Permitting Rule,” The Federal Register, 40 CFR Parts 51, 52, 70, and 71, online: http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2007-09-12/pdf/E7-17418.pdf

  This legal rationale for … D.C. Circuit in 2005.

   

  Democracy assistance requires a transfer of resources

  Peter Burnell 2k is Professor of Politics in the Department of Politics and International Studies, University of Warwick, UK. He is the author or editor of thirteen books, and has authored over 35 articles and many book chapters on democratisation, the political economy of foreign aid, and politics in Zambia. He is founding editor of the journal Democratization., Democracy Assistance: International Co-operation for Democratization p5-6

  When defining democracy … somewhat arbitrary judgments.

   

  Videoconferencing CP

  TEXT: The House Democracy Assistance Commission should extend training services conducted in Saudi Arabia and an invitation to discussion and dialogue with the United States Congress conducted via videoconferencing to the Saudi Arabian Muslim Brotherhood.

   

  Competes:

   

  The CP doesn’t offer parliamentary exchange to the Egyptian Brotherhood---doesn’t link to any of our net-benefits.

   

  “Parliamentary Exchange” by definition involves travel---requires the issuance of visas---videoconferencing is a distinct alternative available when parliamentary exchange is restricted

  Patrick Disney 9, Assistant Policy Director of the National Iranian American Council, January 28, 2009, “Iran legislative working group,” online: http://www.iranian-americans.com/docs/cnapi/legislative.pdf

  We also discussed … to handle this. 

   

  Solves the Case:

   

  The Egyptian branch of the Brotherhood is a minor part of a global organization---central leadership figures are based in Saudi Arabia

  Global MB 11 – Global Muslim Brotherhood Daily Report, April 7, 2011, “Travel Ban Lifted On Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood Leaders,” online: http://globalmbreport.org/?p=4168

  It should be … the Supreme Guide.

   

  Confronting the prioritization of U.S. relations with Saudi Arabia over democracy there is the key to the entire U.S. approach to democracy in the Arab world

  Slavoj Zizek 2, R.J.’s spiritual (and maybe biological?) father, Welcome to the Desert of the Real, 2002, p. 41-43

  If we look … the USA itself).

   

  Net-Beneficial:

   

  The plan’s radical politics runs into a bottleneck in the security line at the Cairo airport---travel out of Egypt forces the Brotherhood into a matrix of sovereign control that codes and securitizes them---turns the entire case

  Gillian Fuller 3, Lecturer in New Media at the University of New South Wales, 2003, “Life in Transit: between airport and camp,” Borderlands E-Journal, Vol. 2, No. 1, online: http://www.borderlands.net.au/vol2no1_2003/fuller_transit.html

  13. The airport is … solitary and contractual.

   

  Visas are used to impose and regulate national identity categories on migrants who are forced to assimilate or are violently excluded

  Luo 9 (Chen, MA candidate, Queen’s University, BECOMING “SUBJECTS” OF THE VISA REGIME: HOW THE BAN-OPTICON OF THE CANADIAN VISA SYSTEM AFFECTS CHINESE APPLICANTS, Master’s Thesis, October 2009, https://qspace.library.queensu.ca/bitstream/1974/5282/1/Luo_Chen_200910_MA.pdf)

  The issuance of … border control criteria.

   

  The sovereign maintenance of national identity categories through migration regulation produces a violent global apartheid --- creates global death zones that render the majority of the world disposable

  Patrick Hayden 8, Senior Lecturer in the School of International Relations at the University of St Andrews, “From Exclusion to Containment: Arendt, Sovereign Power, and Statelessness,” Societies Without Borders, 2008, http://societieswithoutborders.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/hayden3-1.pdf

  From this perspective … their eventual elimination.68

   

  Psychoanalysis Fails

  Voting aff does not mean the U.S. government adopts a psychoanalytic perspective towards the Muslim Brotherhood---they have zero causal evidence that says the plan enacts any of the psychoanalytic theory in the rest of the 1AC---they don’t get to imagine that the USFG psychoanalyzes itself without something approaching solvency evidence.

   

  Psychoanalytic affirmation does not spill over to government policy---the 1AC can’t change the way the state or society acts---and psychoanalyzing the government is a fantasy of interpretive efficacy that trades off with effective progressive politics

  Adam Rosen-Carole 10, Visiting Professor of Philosophy at Bard College, 2010, “Menu Cards in Time of Famine: On Psychoanalysis and Politics,” Psychoanalytic Quarterly, Vol. LXXIX, No. 1, p. 205-207

  On the other …their successful realization.2

   

  Attaching the plan to psychoanalytic prescriptions is particularly dangerous---the 1AC’s based on the false idea of the entire government as a single patient who’s asked the aff to analyze them---politics will never work that way, but believing that it does sets up a fantasy that surrenders political agency

  Adam Rosen-Carole 10, Visiting Professor of Philosophy at Bard College, 2010, “Menu Cards in Time of Famine: On Psychoanalysis and Politics,” Psychoanalytic Quarterly, Vol. LXXIX, No. 1, p. 226-229

  The second approach …such a fantasy.

   

  Case

  The plan triggers SCAF backlash---perceived as interference

  Jeremy M. Sharp, Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs at the Congressional Research Service, August 23, 2011, “Egypt in Transition,” online:

  Controversy over U.S. … charged political climate.

   

  That causes them to radicalize their foreign policy and means they can’t solve

  Martini & Taylor 11 JEFF MARTINI is a Project Associate at the RAND Corporation. AND JULIE TAYLOR is a Political Scientist at the RAND Corporation. “Commanding Democracy in Egypt” Foreign Affairs, Sep/Oct2011, Vol. 90, Issue 5 EBSCO

  Yet the United … do little to change.

  The U.S. is diplomatically engaging the MB now---no reason the plan’s key---any radical rupture in the way we think about democracy or treat the MB clearly won’t result from the plan if it doesn’t result from squo contacts

  Reuters 10-3 – “U.S. officials met with Egypt’s Muslim Brotherhood – U.S. diplomat,” October 3, 2011, online: http://blogs.reuters.com/faithworld/2011/10/02/u-s-officials-met-with-egypts-muslim-brotherhood-u-s-diplomat/

  U.S. officials met … when the meetings took place.

   

  No spillover or radical change from the plan---the U.S. already engages Islamist parties in Kuwait, Tunisia and Morocco---and any contact the plan triggers will have zero impact---conclusion of their 1AC article

  Nathan Brown 11, professor of political science and international affairs at George Washington University and a nonresident senior associate with the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, August 9, 2011, “What Does the U.S. Want to Talk to the Brotherhood About?,” online: http://nationalinterest.org/print/commentary/what-does-the-us-want-talk-the-brotherhood-about-5721

  Thus, any U.S.-…. should be in Egypt as well.

   

  The plan does nothing---both sides will just reassert existing positions---the U.S. will use the plan as an opportunity to push its preconceived standards for political participation on the MB

  Reuters 11 – “U.S. shifts to closer contact with Egypt Islamists,” June 30, 2011, http://mobile.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE75T0GD20110630

  In Cairo, a spokesman for the … delivered," Clinton added.

  
  
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Case vs Egypt Korruption (Kansas KK)

• Tournament: USC | Round: 6 | Opponent: Kansas KK | Judge: Hardy
  
  

• Solvency---Say No/SCAF Blocks Aid---1NC

  The SCAF would refuse aid---they don’t want to lose out on the sectors of the economy they control

  NYT 12-20 – New York Times, December 20, 2011, “Egypt’s Military Masters,” online: http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/21/opinion/egypts-military-masters.html

  The generals who form the ruling military council …the army to elected civilian leaders.

   

  Those parts of the public sector are the linchpin of overall corruption

  Transparency International 9 – TI is the global civil society organization leading the fight against corruption, including more than 90 locally established national chapters and chapters-in-formation, 2009, “National Integrity System Study: Egypt 2009,” online: http://www.transparency.org/content/download/50747/812368

  The bloated Egyptian public sector, ….applicable during the execution of contracts.

   

  Even NGOs would say no---they’ve decided not to target corruption because of domestic controversy

  Dunne & Gedmin 11 – Michele Dunne, Director of the Rafik Hariri Center for the Middle East, Atlantic Council, and Jeffrey Gedmin, President and CEO of the Legatum Institute; Co-Chairs of the Egypt Project established by the Legatum Institute, the Atlantic Council, and the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2011, “Egypt’s Democratic Transition: Five Important Myths About the Economy and International Assistance,” online:

  Egypt needs a reform of the bankruptcy law, …oo explosive at present.

  Egypt would say no

  OECD 9 – Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, MENA-OECD Investment Programme, December 2009, “Business Climate Development Strategy Phase 1 Policy Assessment Egypt Division II-1: Anti-Corruption, online: http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/49/38/46341460.pdf

  Whereas the Egyptian government …timetable for action.

   

  The SCAF has veto power over any reform triggered by the aff---and they won’t allow any real change 

  AP 11 – Associated Press, July 22, 2011, “Egypt PM promises corruption reforms,” online: http://articles.boston.com/2011-07-22/news/29803770_1_prime-minister-essam-sharaf-military-council-ruling-hundred-protesters

  Egypt’s prime minister promised to fight corruption …we saw from the last government.’’

   

  The SCAF won’t allow civilian oversight of their budget or spending

  Joseph Mayton 12-29, writer for Bikya Masr, December 29, 2011, “Egypt’s military to boost economy, give $1 billion as anger foments,” online: http://bikyamasr.com/52133/egypts-military-to-boost-economy-give-1-billion-as-anger-foments/

  With Egypt’s economy in a pitfall, the country’s ruling military junta …that they have this big autonomous budget.”

   

  [  ] SCAF DA

  [  ] The plan destroys relations with the SCAF---it’s perceived as tampering with their core economic interests---kills U.S. influence in Egypt

  Thomas P.M. Barnett 12-1, Former Senior Strategic Researcher and Professor in the Warfare Analysis & Research Department, Center for Naval Warfare Studies, U.S. Naval War College American military geostrategist and Chief Analyst at Wikistrat., worked as the Assistant for Strategic Futures in the Office of Force Transformation in the Department of Defense, December 1, 2011, “So, How's That Egyptian Revolution Coming Along?,” online: http://www.esquire.com/blogs/politics/egyptian-elections-2011-6604670

  The Egyptian military will be autonomous forever!…not by weeks of street protest.

  Squo Solves

  Islamist parties in the Egyptian parliament will push through economic reforms

  WSJ 12-20 – Wall Street Journal, December 20, 2011, “Confidence Grows on Islamist Boost to Egypt Economy,” online: http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970204319004577086180882662026.html

  But he and many other small-business owners are …second of three rounds of voting.

   

  That solves corruption and the Egyptian economy

  WSJ 12-20 – Wall Street Journal, December 20, 2011, “Confidence Grows on Islamist Boost to Egypt Economy,” online: http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970204319004577086180882662026.html

  Egypt's Islamists are untested behind the …state-run businesses and bureaucracies.

   

  Egypt is already passing anti-corruption reform without international support

  Reuters 11 - Marwa Awad, Oct 31, 2011, “Egypt to ratify anti-corruption law in days – minister,” http://uk.news.yahoo.com/egypt-ratify-anti-corruption-law-days-minister-182155677.html

  CAIRO (Reuters) - Egypt's ruling generals will ratify …passed within days."

   

   

  Egypt Evades Reform

  The Egyptian executive branch will evade any corruption regulation---best data proves

  Mohammed Fadel 11, Assistant Professor of Law and Canada Research Chair for the Law and Economics of Islamic Law, University of Toronto, April 2011, “Public Corruption and the Egyptian Revolution of January 25: Can Emerging International Anti-Corruption Norms Assist Egypt Recover Misappropriated Public Funds?,” Harvard International Law Journal, online:

  In addition to a greatly improved international legal environment …ackbone of the January 25 Revolution.

   

  Egypt already has too many anti-corruption initiatives---legal proliferation just drains political will to implement them

  Manuel Pirino 11, Programme Coordinator for the Middle East and North Africa region for Transparency International, July 2, 2011, “EGYPT NEEDS STRONGER ANTI-CORRUPTION LAWS, AND ENFORCEMENT,” online: http://blog.transparency.org/2011/07/02/egypt-needs-stronger-anti-corruption-laws-and-enforcement/

  This week Transparency International launched a report …the protestors in the square.

   

  Countless obstacles prevent corruption reform in Egypt from being effective

  Transparency International 11 – TI is the global civil society organization leading the fight against corruption, including more than 90 locally established national chapters and chapters-in-formation, May 2011, “LEGISLATION IN EGYPT: AN ANALYSIS OF COMPLIANCE WITH THE UN CONVENTION AGAINST CORRUPTION,” online: http://www.transparency.org/content/download/61816/990675/UNCAC+Egypt_for+web.pdf

  The fact that Egypt ranks relatively …achieving full and effective compliance.

  Plan Fails

  Anti-corruption assistance is certain to fail---causes rising expectations and public distrust in emerging democracies---turns the case

  Bo Rothstein 11, the August Rohss Chair in Political Science at University of Gothenburg in Sweden, May 2011, “Anti-corruption: the indirect ‘big bang’ approach,” Review of International Political Economy, Vol. 18, No. 2, p. 228-250

  Many social scientists are nowadays inclined to …similar treatment to everybody with the same status’ (Mungiu-Pippidi, 2006: 82).

   

  Failed corruption reform is offense---it delegitimizes all future efforts to improve governance

  Bo Rothstein 11, the August Rohss Chair in Political Science at University of Gothenburg in Sweden, May 2011, “Anti-corruption: the indirect ‘big bang’ approach,” Review of International Political Economy, Vol. 18, No. 2, p. 228-250

  The implication so far of this analysis is …of government institutions (cf. Doig et al., 2007).

  
  
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Round Report

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• If cites are messed up - please just contact me. I'm not sure what's wrong with the formatting

  email is peyton.e.lee@gmail.com

   

  GSU

  Rd 1 v Louisville BG, Olney

  Framework

  Rd 3 v Wake LQ, Watson

  1NC ASPEC, EU, SKFTA, K, 2NR CP/Px

  Rd 6 v WGA DF, Jacobs

  Framework

  Octos v Emporia WW, Murillo, Atchison, Galloway

  Framework

  Quarters v Gonzaga LM, Kallmyer, Repko, Jacobs

  EU Cp, K, TGov, ASPEC, Px, Saudi 2NR EU CP, Saudi

  KY

  Rd 2 v Minnesota CE, Hester

  Pressure CP, T For, ASPEC, Saudi DA, SKFTA, 2NR ASPEC, Px

  Rd 4 v Michigan AL, Stout

  Pressure CP, ASPEC, T Material, SKFTA, Saudi DA, Case 2NR Saudi, ASPEC

  Rd 5 v Emporia WW, McBride

  Framework

  Rd 8 v MSU GP, Pasquinelli

  CDD, Pressure CP, SKFTA, T Parties, ASPEC 2NR CDD CP, Px

  UNLV

  Rd 2 v USC MO, Manuel

  T, Saudi, Px, CDD, Covert CP 2NR Saudi Case

  Rd 3 v Texas FS, Guevara

  PIC “disabilities”, T DA, ASPEC, Fwork, CDD, Px, Case 2NR PIC, T

  Rd 5 v Texas MG, Lemuel

  PIC Bahrain, Saudi, T DA, ASPEC, EU CP, Px, 2NR PIC, Saudi

  Rd 7 v Cal PP, Holland

  ASPEC, Schmitt, Libya CP, CDD Cp, Px, Israel DA 2NR Libya CP, Israel DA, ASPEC

  Octos v Weber GO, Cram Tiffie Brazelton

  Schmitt, Framework 2NR Framework

  Semis v Michigan DP, Stables, Chung D, Stahl

  EU CP, Px, Saudi, K, T, ASPEC 2NR Saudi Px

  Wake

   

  Rd 2 v UTD VR, Cram

  1NC EU Forum CP, Paris NB, Strategic Forum NB, Px, Israel, ASPEC

  2NR EU CP, Paris, SF NB

  Rd 3 v Samford BL, Frappier

  1NC EU Forum CP CP, FDI NB, SP NB, Px, Saudi, ASPEC

  2NR EU Forum, FDI, SP NB

  Rd 6 v Marywash MM, Lyle

  1NC EU Forum CP, Asia Px, ASPEC, FDI, Strategic Partnership

  2NR EU Forum CP, Px

  Rd 7 v Harvard KT, Reed

  1NC EU Forum CP, Strategic Partnership, Paris, T Demo, Px Asia, Saudi, Case

  2NR Saudi DA

  Octos v Cal GW, Cohn, Harrigan, Brovero

  1NC Condition CP, T Secuiryt, ASPEC, EU CP, Strategic partnership, FDI, Px

  2NR Px, Condition

  Quarters v Georgetown AM, Harrigan Hardy Strauss

  1NC Px, SK CP, T Governance, ASPEC, Private CP 

  2NR T Governance

  Semis v OU GL, Harris Heidt Hester

  1NC Plan Flaw, T Increase, Psychoanalysis Fails, Videoconferencing CP

  2NR – CP, Psychoanalysis Fails

  USC

  Rd 2 v MSU GP, Malsin

  1NC – Courts, India/IRF CP, Px

  2NR – Px 

  Rd 4 v Samford BL, Turner

  1NC – Saudi, Px, ASPEC, EU, Partnership, CDD CP

  2NR – CDD CP/Saudi

  Rd 6 v Kansas KK, Hardy

  1NC – PTC, T Governance, EU Forum CP, FDI NB, Strategic Partnership NB

  2NR – T

  Fullerton

  Rd 2 v Georgetown CV, Samuels

  Framework

  Rd 4 v Dartmouth LR, Hardy

  1NC – CDD CP, Px, Assistance PIC, T Gov/Corruption

  2NR – CDD, Px

  Rd 6 – Harvard BS, Albiniak

  Framework

  Octos – Loyola, Weil, Allen, Baker

  Framework

  
  
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• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  
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• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  
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