SFKTA

• Tournament: GSU | Round: 6 | Opponent: Georgetown BH | Judge: DCH
  
  

• SKFTA will pass now – Political capital crucial and deal key to the alliance
  Sukhan Kim (senior partner specializing in international trade at Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld LLP) 9/6 "Pushing the FTA to the finish line" koreajoongangdaily.joinsmsn.com/news/article/Article.aspx?aid=2941157
  Despite these hurdles, the time … with ratification of Korus FTA. 

  Egypt aid unpopular in Congress—budget concerns prove
  Guttman 11 [Nathan, Washington correspondent for the Jerusalem Post, “Congress Wielding Foreign Aid Budget in Effort to Influence Shape of New Middle East”, http://www.forward.com/articles/137826/]
  Meanwhile, Washington’s discussion is ongoing … issue in Congress, he said. 

  Failure to ratify SKFTA crushes the alliance and US leadership in Asia.
  The Wharton School (University of Pennsylvania) 1/12 “U.S.-South Korea Trade Pact: A Turning Point for American Exports?”, Knowledge@Wharton, Law and Public Policy, http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article.cfm?articleid=2671
  What's more, the fate of … his reputation on the line."

  Alliance is critical to Prevent Korean war.
  Pritchard et al, 09 – President of the Korea Economic Institute (Charles L, 6/16. With John H. Tilelli Jr., Chairman and CEO, Cypress International, and Scott A. Snyder, Adjunct Senior Fellow for Korea Studies, CFR. “A New Chapter for U.S.-South Korea Alliance.” Council on Foreign Relations. http://www.cfr.org/publication/19635/new_chapter_for_ussouth_korea_alliance.html)
  While all eyes have been … put pressure on North Korea.

  Korean war risks extinction
  Clare Doyle, CWI, “Korean Peninsula: Nuclear Sabre-Rattling,” SOCIALIST WORLD, 6-7-09, www.socialistworld.net/eng/2009/06/0701.html, accessed 5-4-10.
  In the past couple of … very survival of the planet.

  
  

• Use the button to Add an Entry.

  Use the first box for pre-formatted wiki syntax or plain text.

  
  
  

Egypt FTA CP

• Tournament: GSU | Round: 6 | Opponent: Georgetown BH | Judge: DCH
  
  

• FTA is the best way to ensure economic growth, investment solves the case
  Michele Dunne (Director of the Rafik Hariri Center for the Middle East at the Atlantic Council) and Jeffrey Gedmin (President and CEO Legatum Institute) July 2011 “Egypt’s Democratic Transition: Five Important Myths About the Economy and International Assistance”, http://carnegie-mec.org/publications/?fa=45131&lang=en
  Far-reaching reforms that stimulate … the trade and transport infrastructure.

  
  
• 
  
  

Turkey CP

• Tournament: GSU | Round: 6 | Opponent: Georgetown BH | Judge: DCH
  
  
• 
  

• Text: The Republic of Turkey should substantially increase civil society direct grants to Egyptian non-governmental organizations. 

  Turkey solves best—closes hierarchy gap of western aid, better communication, and more flexible policies.
  Kemal Kirisci 3/4/2011 (Professor of Political Science and International Relations at Boğaziçi University, Turkey’s “Demonstrative Effect” and the Transformation of the Middle East” http://www.insightturkey.com/Insight_Turkey_Volume_13_Number_2_2011_Kemal_Kirisci.pdf)
  The most potent demonstrative effect … are in it together” develops.

  
  
  

Bataille K

• Tournament: GSU | Round: 6 | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• Action taken for a specific purpose fractures existence and binds us to a life void of choice
  Bataille, 1945 (Georges, Originally written in … Bruce Boone, published 2004. p. xxii-xxvi)

  But what does that fragmentation … crazy…and is transparence. 

  The alt is to vote neg to sacrifice the aff – giving up on value exposes the cruel heart of animality that founds live rather than disguising it behind the illusion of purpose
  Itzkowitz, 1999 (Kenneth, Department of Philosophy, … Georges Bataille,” College Literature, Winter)

  How is this to be … the heart of us all.

  
  
• 
  
  

AT: Israel Egypt Advantage

• Tournament: GSU | Round: 6 | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• Muslim Brotherhood won’t cause war with Israel
  Hicks 2011(Neil, International Policy Advisor for Human Rights First, “How Not to Write About the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt”, July 28, http://www.humanrightsfirst.org/2011/07/28/how-not-to-write-about-the-muslim-brotherhood-in-egypt/)
  Clearly (and rightly) not very … stay in office for 30 years.

  No Chance of Israel Egypt war – US backing and Israeli perception
  IB Times 9/10 (International Business Times, 9/10/11, “Netanyahu Says Israel, Egypt Peace Agreement Stays Intact” accessed 9/10/11 http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/211732/20110910/netanyahu-israel-egypt-embassy-cairo-peace-agreement-stays-intact.htm)
  Israel Prime Minister Binaymin Netanyahu … soon as possible, Netanyahu said.

  Conventional Israeli deterrence solves risk of Israel-Egyptian war
  Pillar 2011 (Paul, former National Intelligence Officer for the Near East and South Asia who is now a professor at Georgetown, “Why Israelis Fear Arab Democracy”, http://nationalinterest.org/blog/autocracy/why-israelis-fear-arab-democracy-4848?page=1, AVLB)
  There is no doubt that … to strangle the Gaza Strip.
  
  Arab-Israeli war will not escalate – its contained within narrow boundaries and its strategically insignificant
  Edward Luttwak (senior adviser at the Centre for Strategic and International Studies) May 2007 “The middle of nowhere”, Prospect
  Strategically, the Arab-Israeli conflict … not that important any more.

  Anti Israeli sentiment inevitable – MB not key
  Halverson 2011 (Jeffry R. Halverson is an Islamic studies scholar and Assistant Research Professor in the Hugh Downs School of Human Communication at Arizona State University. He graduated from Nazareth College (NY) in 2000 and studied Islam in Cairo, Egypt, as a Fulbright Fellow from 2000-2001. Halverson later received his MA and PhD in Islamic studies from the Department of Religious Studies at Arizona State University. February 4th, 2011, “Should We Fear Muslim Brotherhood Influence in Egypt?” accessed 9/11/11 http://comops.org/journal/2011/02/04/should-we-fear-muslim-brotherhood-influence-in-egypt/)
  A recent column by Barry … the MB as “CIA agents.”

  U.S. Democracy Assistance freaks out the SCAF – civil society aid is perceived as an attempt to establish liberal opposition to military interests
  Aziz 11 – Sahar Aziz, associate professor of law at Texas Wesleyan University School of Law and a legal fellow at the Institute for Social Policy and Understanding, serves as the President of the Egyptian American Rule of Law Association, August 18, 2011, “What's behind the Egyptian military's attacks on civil society?,” online: http://mideast.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2011/08/18/whats_behind_the_egyptian_militarys_attacks_on_civil_society
  It is no secret that … censure of Egypt's biggest ally. 

  That causes SCAF backlash – turns case
  Business Monitor, 2011, Risk Intelligence and … out of the transitional government.

  Increasing democracy assistance causes Egyptian backlash – perceived as favoritism toward secular groups
  Steven Cook, Hasib J. Sabbagh senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, 3-9-2011, “America Shouldn't Hijack Egypt's Revolution,” Foreign Policy.
  Washington has a long wish list … Muslim Brotherhood's democratic bona fides.

  That radicalizes the MB causing Egyptian civil war, war with Israel, and Middle East war
  Enver Guseynov, staff writer, 7-10-2011, “Muslim Brotherhood, Israel and US Intervention in Egypt,” Suite 101, http://www.suite101.com/content/muslim-brotherhood-israel-and-us-intervention-in-egypt-a378984
  Within the organization there exists a … insecurity in the Middle East.

  Muslim Brotherhood won’t cause war with Israel
  Hicks 2011(Neil, International Policy Advisor for Human Rights First, “How Not to Write About the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt”, July 28, http://www.humanrightsfirst.org/2011/07/28/how-not-to-write-about-the-muslim-brotherhood-in-egypt/)
  Clearly (and rightly) not very … stay in office for 30 years.

  No Chance of Israel Egypt war – US backing and Israeli perception
  IB Times 9/10 (International Business Times, 9/10/11, “Netanyahu Says Israel, Egypt Peace Agreement Stays Intact” accessed 9/10/11 http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/211732/20110910/netanyahu-israel-egypt-embassy-cairo-peace-agreement-stays-intact.htm)
  Israel Prime Minister Binaymin Netanyahu … soon as possible, Netanyahu said.

  Conventional Israeli deterrence solves risk of Israel-Egyptian war
  Pillar 2011 (Paul, former National Intelligence Officer for the Near East and South Asia who is now a professor at Georgetown, “Why Israelis Fear Arab Democracy”, http://nationalinterest.org/blog/autocracy/why-israelis-fear-arab-democracy-4848?page=1, AVLB)
  There is no doubt that … to strangle the Gaza Strip.
  
  Arab-Israeli war will not escalate – its contained within narrow boundaries and its strategically insignificant
  Edward Luttwak (senior adviser at the Centre for Strategic and International Studies) May 2007 “The middle of nowhere”, Prospect
  Strategically, the Arab-Israeli conflict … not that important any more.

  Anti Israeli sentiment inevitable – MB not key
  Halverson 2011 (Jeffry R. Halverson is an Islamic studies scholar and Assistant Research Professor in the Hugh Downs School of Human Communication at Arizona State University. He graduated from Nazareth College (NY) in 2000 and studied Islam in Cairo, Egypt, as a Fulbright Fellow from 2000-2001. Halverson later received his MA and PhD in Islamic studies from the Department of Religious Studies at Arizona State University. February 4th, 2011, “Should We Fear Muslim Brotherhood Influence in Egypt?” accessed 9/11/11 http://comops.org/journal/2011/02/04/should-we-fear-muslim-brotherhood-influence-in-egypt/)
  A recent column by Barry … the MB as “CIA agents.”

  U.S. Democracy Assistance freaks out the SCAF – civil society aid is perceived as an attempt to establish liberal opposition to military interests
  Aziz 11 – Sahar Aziz, associate professor of law at Texas Wesleyan University School of Law and a legal fellow at the Institute for Social Policy and Understanding, serves as the President of the Egyptian American Rule of Law Association, August 18, 2011, “What's behind the Egyptian military's attacks on civil society?,” online: http://mideast.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2011/08/18/whats_behind_the_egyptian_militarys_attacks_on_civil_society
  It is no secret that … censure of Egypt's biggest ally. 

  That causes SCAF backlash – turns case
  Business Monitor, 2011, Risk Intelligence and … out of the transitional government.

  Increasing democracy assistance causes Egyptian backlash – perceived as favoritism toward secular groups
  Steven Cook, Hasib J. Sabbagh senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, 3-9-2011, “America Shouldn't Hijack Egypt's Revolution,” Foreign Policy.
  Washington has a long wish list … Muslim Brotherhood's democratic bona fides.

  That radicalizes the MB causing Egyptian civil war, war with Israel, and Middle East war
  Enver Guseynov, staff writer, 7-10-2011, “Muslim Brotherhood, Israel and US Intervention in Egypt,” Suite 101, http://www.suite101.com/content/muslim-brotherhood-israel-and-us-intervention-in-egypt-a378984
  Within the organization there exists a … insecurity in the Middle East.

  
  
• 
  
  

AT: Iran Egypt Advantage

• Tournament: GSU | Round: 6 | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• Containment Cannot Solve Iran- Martyrdom
  Kittrie 2004 (Orde, The Arizona Republic.) December 5 2004
  Deterrence – which is predicated on … wave attacks is still strong.

  Containment fails and Iran will be peaceful
  Sadjadpour and Gramont 2011 (KARIM SADJADPOUR is an Associate in the Middle East Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. He was previously based in Tehran with the International Crisis Group. Diane de Gramont is a Junior Fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Foreign affairs march –april, lexis)
  Recent experience also suggests that … Israeli policies in the region.

  Iran will be peaceful
  Christopher de Bellaigue (covers Iran for The Economist and is author of In the Rose Garden of the Martyrs: A Memoir of Iran) May/June, 2005 Foreign Policy Issue 148
  The threat of imminent force … faith, but a card to play.”

  Iran pushing for influence now anxiety is on the brink – recognizes the vulnerability of the relationship
  Vatanka 2010 (Alex Vatanka is a scholar at the Middle East Institute and a senior fellow at the US Air Force Special Operations School “Iran Invests Time and Energy in Africa” 10/28/2010 http://www.mei.edu/Publications/WebPublications/PolicyInsights/PolicyInsightsArchive/tabid/876/ctl/Detail/mid/2844/xmid/1469/xmfid/36/Default.aspx)
  This approach is meant to … still far from a lasting reality. 

  Miscalculation on the brink – US action causes iran war
  Kahlili 2011 (Reza Kahlili is a pseudonym for an ex-CIA spy who requires anonymity for safety reasons. He is the author of A Time to Betray, a book about his double-life as a CIA agent in Iran's Revolutionary Guards, published by Threshold Editions, Simon & Schuster, April 2010., 7/7/11, “Western Intelligence: Iran Helping Gaddafi in Confrontation with NATO” accessed 9/1/11 http://www.americanthinker.com/2011/07/western_intelligence_iran_helping_gaddafi_in_confrontation_with_nato.html)
  The United States and the … their missiles with nuclear bombs. 

  Perception of US interference in iranian expansionism causes miscalculation - risks full war
  Trita Parsi, president of the National Iranian American Council, January 9, 2008. http://ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=40731
  So while President Bush beats … in the policy of isolation.

  Iranian policies are driven by national interest, risk miscalculation with the West
  Michael Eisenstadt (senior fellow and director of the Military and Security Studies Program at The Washington Institute for Near East Policy) 2005 “DETER AND CONTAIN: DEALING WITH A NUCLEAR IRAN”, GETTING READY FOR A NUCLEAR-READY IRAN, October, http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/pub629.pdf
  In a series of letters to … , or its more immediate neighbors.11   

  
  
• 
  
  

AT: Egypt Terrorism Advantage

• Tournament: GSU | Round: 6 | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• Terrorist groups will not use nuclear weapons—Complications, material availability, and multiple hurdles prevent.  Moreover, no risk of using in US which takes out your retaliation scenario’s
  Steve Chapman 2/8/2008 “The Implausibility of Nuclear Terrorism”,
  http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2008/02/the_implausibility_of_nuclear.html
  Why are we worried? Bomb … one that will never happen. 

  Claims that Al Qaeda wants nuclear weapons are overstated—no desire to obtain
  Francis Gavin, Tom Slick Professor of International Affairs, Univeristy of Texas at Austin, "Same As It Ever Was: Nuclear Alarmism, Proliferation, and the Cold War," INTERNATIONAL SECURITY v. 34 n. 3, Winter 2009/2010, p. 20-21.
  A recent study contends that al-… the topic is signiªcantly flawed.”59

  Al Qaeda cannot acquire nuclear weapons—is far too weak, decentralized
  John Mueller, Professor, Political Science, Ohio State University, “Calming Our Jitters,” ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Winter 2010, www.issues.org/26.2/index.html, accessed 4-25-10.
  Today, the key portions of … to, looks farfetched in the extreme.

  Radiation sensors and size prevent smuggling to the us
  EXISLE 1/20/2006 “http:www.exisle.net/mb/index.php?showtopic=35233”
  A nuclear weapon is not … one section of the vessel. 

  No public or international support *
  Ian Bremmer, president of Eurasia Group, senior fellow at the World Policy Institute, September 13, 04, New Statesman, “Suppose a new 9/11 hit America…,” p. Lexis
  What would happen if there … for the invasion of Afghanistan.

  No nuke terror – especially post-bin Laden
  Mueller, ’11 (John, Professor of Political Science at Ohio State University, “The Truth About al Qaeda,” 8/2, http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/68012/john-mueller/the-truth-about-al-qaeda)

  In the wake of the … remotely ready to go nuclear.

  
  
• 
  
  

F 16s Politics DA

• Tournament: Harvard | Round: 1 | Opponent: Cornell | Judge: James Herndon
  
  

• 1NC 

  Obama investing political capital to hold back F-16 C/D sales to Taiwan
  Aviation Week 10/25 “F-16 Debate Tests Balance of Power”, http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_channel.jsp?channel=defense&id=news/awst/2011/10/24/AW_10_24_2011_p97-383149.xml&headline=F-16%20Debate%20Tests%20Balance%20of%20Power&next=10,
  The fear of a rising China … to correct the Senate vote—Ed.) 

  Plan drains political capital
  Zagorin 06 (Adam, Contributor and former … appropriated funds to promote democracy. 

  U.S.-China relations are on the brink – Obama can finesse things now but his margin for error is slim  
  Ted Galen Carpenter 10/11 “An Especially Delicate Phase in U.S.-China Relations,” The National Interest, http://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-skeptics/especially-delicate-phase-us-china-relations-5999
  Issues that could disrupt U.S.-China … such maneuvers is clearly narrowing.

  Causes global war – defense doesn’t check when cost benefit analysis flips for Chinese leaders
  Michael Swaine (senior associate at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace) 10/11 “China, Taiwan, U.S.: Status Quo Challenged,” The National Interest, http://nationalinterest.org/print/commentary/us-provoking-china-over-taiwan-5996
  The recent U.S. decision to upgrade … unsustainable and could prove disastrous.

  Flipping China’s calculations of asymmetry and the burden of escalation ensures nuclear use
  Brad Roberts (Writer at Institute for Defense Analyses (Australia) 2001 “China-U.S. Nuclear Relations: What Relationship Best Serves U.S. Interests?” August, http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/dtra/china_us_nuc.pdf.
  Drawing on a detailed examination of … force are certain to rise.

  2NC

  Most probable scenario for global nuclear war
  Monte R. Bullard (Senior Fellow at Center for Nonproliferation Studies, Monterey Institute of International Studies) December 2004 “Strait Talk : Avoiding a Nuclear War between the United States and China over Taiwan,” Online Book, http://cns.miis.edu/straittalk/index.htm
  War between the United States … the processes of arms control. 

  And, conflict escalates fast
  Lee Hunkovic (Professor of Political Science at the American Military University) 2009 “The Chinese-Taiwanese Conflict: Possible Futures of a Confrontation between China, Taiwan and the United States of America”, http://www.lamp-method.org/eCommons/ Hunkovic.pdf)
  A war between China, Taiwan … be considered in this study.

  Turns case, Conflict spillsover to the middle east
  Alterman and Garver, 8 [Jon B., Director, Middle East Program, Center for Strategic and International Studies, and John W., professor in the Sam Nunn School of International Affairs at Georgia Tech, The Vital Triangle: China, the United States, and the Middle East, http://csis.org/files/media/csis/pubs/080624-alterman-vitaltriangle.pdf
  Regarding the second factor (the … would probably be a prime U.S. target.

  Obama is blocking it despite growing support—key to maintain US-China relations
  John Metzler (U.N. correspondent covering diplomatic and defense issues) 10/24 “Straits talk about Taiwan’s defense needs”, http://www.worldtribune.com/?p=841
  The Taipei government wants to … full diplomatic relations with Beijing. 

  Jobs won’t cost capital—piecemeal approach or he’ll go it alone
  AP 10/25 “Congressional opposition has Obama lowering his sights from big and bold to piecemeal”, Factiva
  Congress has shown only rare … to do everything he can." 

  Obama is sparing capital—nothing on the agenda will be a fight
  AP 10/25 “Congressional opposition has Obama lowering his sights from big and bold to piecemeal”, Factiva
  Blocked by congressional Republicans yet … of it is pretty thin."

  Iraq means capital is high
  James Denselow 10/25 “The US departure from Iraq is an illusion”, Guardian, Factiva
  Barack Obama has made good … any other on the planet. 

  Softline approach unpopular
  Baen et al 11
  (“Exploring Engagement: US Policy Toward Syria and Hamas” Advisor: ambassador Daniel Kurtzer, The Woodrow Wilson School’s Graduate Policy Workshop, http://wws.princeton.edu/research/pwreports_fy10/WWS591d.pdf)
  There are many challenges to … in the U.S. House of Representatives. 

  Plan is seen as unnecessary intervention
  Landis 2011
  Joshua Landis 8/24/11 Director: Center for Middle East Studies and Associate Professor, University of Oklahoma Washington's battle over Syria http://globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2011/08/24/washingtons-battle-over-syria/
  The realists argue that the U.S. … not be trying to decide it. 

  Bipartisan opposition to increasing democracy assistance – no increases coming
  Francesca Astorri 10-18  “Domestic woes affect US foreign policy: Brookings discussion”, http://www.zawya.com/story.cfm/sidZAWYA20111018070832
  Challenges that at the moment … by these countries," he added.

  Increasing assistance will be a fight—lack of constituency and bipartisan opposition
  Ned Lamont 10/21 “Just Because It Is Bipartisan Does Not Make It Right”, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ned-lamont/just-because-it-is-bipart_b_1024531.html
  Just because it is bipartisan … values and our national security. 

  Even if agency actions avoid legislation, they spark nevertheless spark legislative battles
  Robert F. Durant, Professor, Government, University of Baltimore and Adam L. Warber, PhD Candidate, Political Science, Texas A&M University, “Networking in the Shadow of Hierarchy: Public Policy, the Administrative Presidency, and the Neoadministrative State,” PRESIDENTIAL STUDIES QUARTERLY, June 2001, LN.
  As traditionally conceptualized by presidents … 1992; Golden 1992; Maranto 1993a, 1993b; Holt 1998).

  Requires Obama to act
  Karlin and Tabler 2011
  [Mara and Andrew, “Editorial: Washington should plan for a post-Assad Syria”, May 27, http://www.yalibnan.com/2011/05/27/editorial-washington-should-plan-for-a-post-assad-syria/]
  To further assist the Syrian … , not the current minority system). 

  Presidents are held accountable for agency decisions - there is no political cover
  David E. Lewis, Professor, Politics and Public Affairs, Princeton University, PRESIDENTS AND THE POLITICS OF AGENCY DESIGN, 2003, p. 4.
  Agency design determines bureaucratic responsiveness … legacy are on the line.

  Obama won’t get credit for foreign policy wins—numerous examples prove
  George Condon 10/20 “Even Libya Victory Holds Little Promise for Obama's Success”, http://nationaljournal.com/whitehouse/even-libya-victory-holds-little-promise-for-obama-s-success-20111020
  No one in 2008 could have … and defend against terrorist attacks.

  Controversial issues aren’t wins for Obama
  Mann 10 (Thomas, Senior Fellow for Governance Studies – Brookings Institution, “American Politics on the Eve of the Midterm Elections”, November, http://www.brookings.edu/articles/2010/11_midterm_elections_mann.aspx)
  That perception of failure has … proposed by the Democratic majority. 

  Overreaching will spark backlash from GOP- guts winners win
  Politico 1/5 “RNC hopefuls predict Obama backlash”
  The candidates vying to lead … up political opportunities for Republicans.

  Advanced arms sales collapse relations and global stability
  Daniel Sayani 10-24 “Obama Continues Bush Policy — Refuses Taiwan New F-16s”, http://www.thenewamerican.com/usnews/foreign-policy/9481-obama-continues-bush-policy-decides-not-to-sell-taiwan-66-new-f-16s
  Red China and the Obama … expense of our ally, Taiwan. 

  
  
• 
  
  

T - Direct Purpose

• Tournament: Harvard | Round: 1 | Opponent: Cornell LP | Judge: James Herndon
  
  

• Democracy Assistance is that which DIRECTLY fosters democracy in a recipient country -  Fostering democracy must be the primary purpose of democracy assistance,  indirect assistance undermines the value of the term and explodes the topic. Assistance is the transfer of funds, expertise, and/or materials
  Richard Lappin (Ph.D. candidate, Centre for Peace Research and Strategic Studies, University of Leuven; Visiting Scholar, University of Belgrade) June 2010“Post-conflict democracy assistance: a state of the art”, The Centre for Peace Research and Strategic Studies, Vol.85
  By the end of the … economic and social aid programmes.’174 pg. 33-35 

  Violation – the aff is indirect assistance, they are not a transfer of funds, expertise, and/or materials – Improving the atmosphere of US democracy assistance is indirect and is NOT a DIRECT transfer of resources.  The plan is democracy promotion, not democracy assistance: they have to send tangible aid
  Peter Burnell, Department of Politics and International Studies, University of Warwick, Promoting Democracy Backwards: Looking Forward, 11—06, http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/963/1/WRAP_Burnell_7270220-180609-promoting_democracy_backwardsnovember06.pdf
  One of the most tangible … towards a harder approach to  intervention.

  Our interpretation is that democracy assistance must be direct assistance that fosters democratization in the recipient country and Assistance must be material
  Athena Vongalis-Macrow, LaTrobe University, “The Ambiguous Politics of Teachers in the Reconstruction of Iraq,” JOURNAL FOR CRITICAL EDUCATION POLICY STUDIES, 11—06, www.jceps.com/index.php?pageID=article&articleID=75
  Under the broad agenda for … reconstruction and achievement is presented. 

  Must be direct – a broad definition undermines the value of the term – prevents meaningful discussion which turns their education and fairness arguments
  Lappin 10 (Richard, Centre for Peace Research and Strategic Studies at the University of Leuven, visiting scholar at the Faculty of Political Sciences at the University of Belgrade, “What we talk about when we talk about Democracy Assistance: The Problem of Definition in Post-Conflict Approaches to Democratisation,” Central European Journal of International and Security Studies, Vol 4, Issue 1, 2010)
  Such fastidiousness on the boundaries … democracy assistance can be drawn. 

  Must be direct
  Huber 8 (Daniela – Department of International Relations – Hebrew University of Jerusalem, “Democracy Assistance in the Middle East and North Africa: A Comparison of US and EU Policies”, 2/7, http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13629390701864836)
  The American researcher Thomas Carothers … the different democracy promotion instruments. 

  American democracy assistance exists as aid packages
  J.M. Scott, “Supporting Democracy: The United States and Democracy Aid to the Developing World, 1988-2001,” INTERNATIONAL STUDIES QUARTERLY v. 55 n. 1, 2011, pp. 57-69.
  Most examinations of the impact … be among the most important.

  
  
• 
  
  

1NC Round 2 Wake vs Samford BL

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• Drones Strike CP

   

  Text: The United States federal government should authorize drone strikes against high value AQAP target operating inside Yemen.

   

  CP solves terror risks immediately and builds stable environment for assistance.

  Frank Cilluffo (served as Special Assistant to the President for Homeland Security and is currently Associate Vice President at The George Washington University and Director of the GW Homeland Security Policy Institute) June 24 2011”Yemen & Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula: Exploiting a Window of Counterterrorism Opportunity”, Homeland Security Policy Institute, Georgewashington University, June 24, 2011, http://www.gwumc.edu/hspi/policy/issuebrief203_yemenAQAP.cfm

  Yemen’s current situation makes long-… immediate terrorist  threat of AQAP.  

   

   

  Iran Dip Cap 1NC

   

  Obama pushing for sanctions on iran now – dip cap key to get Russia and china on board

  Lee and Solomon 11/4 (Carol Lee and Jay Solomon, 11/4/11, “U.S. Set to Raise Pressure on Iran” accessed 11/10/11 http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970203804204577015973759484912.html?mod=googlenews_wsj)

  The Obama administration plans to … political steps to isolate Iran.

   

  Democracy assistance requires a massive investment of diplomatic capital.

  Stephen McInerney (Director of Advocacy for the Project on Middle East Democracy (POMED) 2010 “The Federal Budget and Appropriations for Fiscal Year 2011,” http://pomed.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/fy11-budget-analysis-final.pdf]

  Support for democracy goes far … and to the region’s governments.

   

  Increased pressure is the only chance to stop proliferation – it’s try or die.

  New York Times, “Tehran’s Ambitions,” 9/16/2011, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/17/opinion/tehrans-ambitions.html?ref=nuclearprogram

  The latest report from the … chance of getting Tehran’s attention.

   

  Global nuclear war

  Henry Sokolski, Executive Director of the Nonproliferation Policy Education Center, 10/1/2003 (Taking Proliferation Seriously – Heritage Foundation, http://www.policyreview.org/oct03/sokolski_print.html/)

  If nothing is done to … spring-loaded to go nuclear.

   

   

   

  Suadi Disad 1NC

   

  Relations are on the brink now – death of prince refocused the relationship on our response to the Arab Spring, now is key.

  Reuters 10/22 [Larry Downing, writing for … States in the coming years.”

   

  Unique-Link, the US has spent its political capital backing the GCC initiative, any change in doctrine will fracture already tense relations with Saudi-Arabia. Perception comes before any link turns – looks like abandonment.

  Stuster 9/28 [J. Dana Stuster, Joseph S. Nye National Security Research Intern at Center for a New American Security, What Can the U.S. Really do for Yemen?, http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2011/09/what-can-the-us-really-do-for-yemen/245688/]

  The amnesty provision is just … other words, is wasting time.

   

  US-Saudi relations are key to Middle East stability.

  Brzezinski 9, CSIS, 2009 [Zbigniew, PHD, Former national security advisor to President Carter, “U.S.-Saudi Relations in a World Without Equilibrium” http://www.susris.com/articles/2009/ioi/090508-ussa-brzezinski.html

  I think we need to … peace in the Middle East.

   

  Global nuclear war

  John Steinbach, DC Iraq Coalition, Israeli Weapons of Mass Destruction: A Threat to Peace, March 2002, http://www.wagingpeace.org/articles/2002/03/00_steinbach_israeli-wmd.htm, accessed 4/19/04.

  Meanwhile, the existence of an … conflict could trigger a world conflagration." (44)

   

   Supercommittee deal coming – key to US market credibility

  Manu Raju and Jake Sherman (writers for politico) 11/4 “Deficit panel tries to kick start talks,” POLITICO, http://www.politico.com/news/stories/1111/67624.html.

  Top negotiators on ……… building on the members of the committee.”

   

  Plan saps bipart – causes fights

  Mitchell, 11 [Lincon, at the Harman Institute at Columbia University, “Supporting Democracy and Supporting Dictatorship in Egypt”, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/lincoln-mitchell/supporting-democracy-and_b_817807.html]

   

  Failure collapses market growth

  Megan Woolhouse, 11-1-11 – Globe Staff, “No easy solution to US budget crisis in sight for panel,” Boston Globe, Lexis.

  Steve Bell, senior director of ……….. Center for American Progress, a liberal think tank.

   

  nuclear war

  Friedberg (professor of politics and international relations at Princeton University's Woodrow Wilson School) and Mr. Schoenfeld (senior editor of Commentary, is a visiting scholar at the Witherspoon Institute in Princeton) 2008 “The Dangers of a Diminished America”, 10-21, WSJ, http://online.wsj.vom/articles/SB122455074012352571.html

  Pressures to cut ……… external adventures.

   

   

   

   

  Terrorism

   

  Solving terrorism in Yemen does nothing-Al Qaeda will just shift to sea and Somalia based operations

  Lindo, Shoder, and Jones, 11 [Samuel, researcher with the CSIS Transnational Threats Project, Michael, researcher with TNT, infantry officer in the United States Marine Corps, and Tyler, researcher with TNT, “Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula”, Part of the CSIS Homeland Security and Counterterrorism Program Transnational Threat Project, Case Study Number 3 in the AQAM Future Project Case Studies Series, July, http://csis.org/files/publication/110722_Lindo_AQAP_AQAMCaseStudy3.pdf]

  AQAP has demonstrated an interest … an appealing partner for AQAP.

   

  Awlaki’s death proves no need for the plan – US intelligence is unprecedented

  Hoffman 9-30

  [Bruce, director of the Center for Peace and Security Studies, director of the Security Studies Program, and a tenured professor at Georgetown University, “Why al Qaeda Will Survive”, http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2011/09/30/al-awlaki-s-death-nothing-more-than-a-glancing-blow-al-qaeda-stronger-than-everest.html]

  But what Awlaki’s killing indisputably … in the history of mankind.

   

   

  No impact-AQAP threat is overblown

  Taylor, 11 [Guy, reporter and news editor for World Politics Review, “Is the Al-Qaida Threat in Yemen Real or Overblown?”, http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/trend-lines/8416/is-the-al-qaida-threat-in-yemen-real-or-overblown]

  The announcement this week that … who al-Qaida is in Yemen." 

   

   

  Link turn- democracy in Yemen paves the way for a terrorist stronghold

  Lindo, Shoder, and Jones, 11 [Samuel, researcher with the CSIS Transnational Threats Project, Michael, researcher with TNT, infantry officer in the United States Marine Corps, and Tyler, researcher with TNT, “Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula”, Part of the CSIS Homeland Security and Counterterrorism Program Transnational Threat Project, Case Study Number 3 in the AQAM Future Project Case Studies Series, July, http://csis.org/files/publication/110722_Lindo_AQAP_AQAMCaseStudy3.pdf]

  A more permissive environment developing … yemen’s political landscape at large.

   

   

  No impact to indo pak war -- War won’t go nuclear.

  Keith Lawrence, June 4, 2002, Duke News, “News Tip: Despite ‘Intractable’ Differences, Nuclear War Between India And Pakistan Unlikely, Duke Experts Say,” http://www.dukenews.duke.edu/2002/06/indiatip0602.html

  Though India and Pakistan probably … they would use nuclear weapons.”

   

  Fallout fear checks war.

  Devin Hagerty, professor of political science at the University of Maryland, 1998, The Consequences of Nuclear Proliferation: Lessons from South Asia, p. 190-1

  Several types of nuclear deterrence … apparently considered but ultimately rejected.

   

  Terrorist groups will not use nuclear weapons—Complications, material availability, and multiple hurdles prevent.  Moreover, no risk of using in US which takes out your retaliation scenario’s

  Steve Chapman 2/8/2008 “The Implausibility of Nuclear Terrorism”,

  http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2008/02/the_implausibility_of_nuclear.html

  Why are we worried? Bomb … one that will never happen.

   

   

  Bioterror risk is low—dispersal problems, tech barriers, risk fo back spread—experts agree

  John Mueller, Professor, Political Science, Ohio State University, OVERBLOWN: HOW POLITICIANS AND THE TERRORISM INDUSTRY INFLATE NATIONAL SECURITY THREATS, AND WHY WE BELIEVE THEM, 2009, p. 21-22.

  For the most destructive results, … seems to think the task is.""

   

   

  Piracy

   

  No Maritime Attacks – AQAP and pirates doesn’t have the capability and structural barriers prevent

  Jonathan Saul June 3 2011 “Analysis - Vital shipping lanes can weather turmoil in Yemen”, http://uk.reuters.com/article/2011/06/03/uk-yemen-shipping-idUKTRE75240220110603

  (Reuters) - Merchant ships using a … them and fetch fat ransoms."

   

  1. Egypt means maritime chokepoint disruptions are inevitable-No unique impact

  Guzansky, Schachter, and Lindenstrauss, 11 [Yoel, Jonathan, and Gallia, research associates at the Institute for National Security Studies, Tel Aviv University, “Between Piracy and Persia: Mounting Threats to Maritime Chokepoints in Middle East-Analysis”, http://neptunemaritimesecurity.posterous.com/between-piracy-and-persia-mounting-threats-to]

  Egypt is also a concern when … sabotaged repeatedly in recent months.

   

   

  2. 5^th Fleet monitors piracy through Socotra – No impact

  Wood 2011 (David, Chief Military Correspondent Politics Daily, http://www.politicsdaily.com/2011/02/22/four-american-sailors-shot-dead-by-somali-pirates/print/)

  The U.S. 5th fleet, which heads … safe passage for commercial shipping.

   

   

  3. No impact – ships will just reroute and trade won’t be effected – race change proves

  Cameron 2011 (Chris, http://www.volvooceanrace.com/en/Skippers-applaud-anti-piracy-course-changes-in-Volvo-Ocean-Race/3364/news.html)

  After taking advice from marine … positive about the course changes.

   

   

  4. No impact to piracy in gulf of Aden – risk consultant study proves no time threshold

  Manu’s News 2011 (July 11, “The Island of Socotra: now a pirate base?”, http://contemplatingsnot.blogspot.com/2011/07/island-of-socotra-now-pirate-base.html)

  Despite the huge international naval … Lloyd's underwriters, citing intelligence reports.

   

   

  trade does not solve war

  MARTIN, MAYER, AND THOENIG 2008

  Phillipe, University of Paris 1 Pantheon—Sorbonne, Paris School of Economics, and Centre for Economic Policy Research; Thierry MAYER, University of Paris 1 Pantheon—Sorbonne, Paris School of Economics, CEPII, and Centre for Economic Policy Research, Mathias THOENIG, University of Geneva and Paris School of Economics, The Review of Economic Studies 75)

  Does globalization pacify international relations? … the number of sovereign states.

   

   

  No aid 1nc

   

  No Aid Now

   

  A) Budget crisis—fiscal constraints prevent new aid

  Schell, 10/25/11 – In-Depth News Special Correspondent for Central Asia (Bernhard. “Arab Spring: Cautiously Tasting the Fruits of Arab Spring.” http://ionglobaltrends.blogspot.com/2011/10/arab-spring-cautiously-tasting-fruits.html)

  Robert D. Hormats, U.S. Undersecretary of State … small and medium-sized businesses.

   

   

  Solvency

   

  Multiple factors prevent U.S. solving in Yemen

  Sharp, 11 [Jeremy M., Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs for the Congressional Research Service, “Yemen: Background and U.S. Relations”, 3/22, http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/159782.pdf]

  There are a number of challenges … ; the selection is not exhaustive

   

  2. Civil Society doesn’t Solve Yemen – Foreign Aid is not allowed and CSO’s are not allowed to engage in political activity

  Chêne 2007, Marie, Chargée de mission … and the Civic Democratic Forum.

   

  3. Youth won’t mobilize – won’t get the aid – local populations are restricted

  Ruhe, 11 [Jonathan, senior policy analyst at the Bipartisan Policy Center and coauthor of the report Fragility and Extremism in Yemen, http://nationalinterest.org/profile/jonathan-ruhe]

  Though he is likely on … see a dime from their government.

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

  
  
• 
  
  

2NC Round 2 Wake vs Samford BL

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

•  

  ***Drone Strikes CP***

  Solvency Overview

  CP solves AFF can’t – prefer our comparative evidence.

  Clint Watts (codirector PJ Sage, Inc) November 1 2010 “Go Drones in Yemen, Selected Wisdom” http://selectedwisdom.com/?p=67

  So, let’s look at the … that in my next post.

   

  Empirically strikes are more effective than engagement at disruption AQAP

  Frank Cilluffo (served as Special Assistant to the President for Homeland Security and is currently Associate Vice President at The George Washington University and Director of the GW Homeland Security Policy Institute) and Clinton Watts (codirector PJ Sage, Inc) July 14 2011 “COUNTERING THE THREAT POSED BY AQAP: EMBRACE, DON’T CHASE YEMEN’S CHAOS”, Adfero Group – Homeland Security Policy Institute, http://securitydebrief.com/2011/07/14/countering-the-threat-posed-by-aqap-embrace-don%E2%80%99t-chase-yemen%E2%80%99s-chaos/

  While we respect Johnsen’s knowledge … inaction is not an option.

   

   

  There is no UQ for your radicalization argument.

  Frank Cilluffo (served as Special Assistant to the President for Homeland Security and is currently Associate Vice President at The George Washington University and Director of the GW Homeland Security Policy Institute) and Clinton Watts (codirector PJ Sage, Inc) July 14 2011 “COUNTERING THE THREAT POSED BY AQAP: EMBRACE, DON’T CHASE YEMEN’S CHAOS”, Adfero Group – Homeland Security Policy Institute, http://securitydebrief.com/2011/07/14/countering-the-threat-posed-by-aqap-embrace-don%E2%80%99t-chase-yemen%E2%80%99s-chaos/

  In short, AQAP, after the … the U.S. was lost long ago.

  State building

   

  AND CP solves state building / assistance arguments –

   

  A. Provides time to develop strong relations successor government.

  Frank Cilluffo (served as Special Assistant to the President for Homeland Security and is currently Associate Vice President at The George Washington University and Director of the GW Homeland Security Policy Institute) June 24 2011”Yemen & Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula: Exploiting a Window of Counterterrorism Opportunity”, Homeland Security Policy Institute, Georgewashington University, June 24, 2011, http://www.gwumc.edu/hspi/policy/issuebrief203_yemenAQAP.cfm

  Increased use of drone and … an inevitable attack from AQAP.

   

  B. Builds tribal support – Will lead to tribal support for US and AQAP elimination

  Frank Cilluffo (served as Special Assistant to the President for Homeland Security and is currently Associate Vice President at The George Washington University and Director of the GW Homeland Security Policy Institute) June 24 2011”Yemen & Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula: Exploiting a Window of Counterterrorism Opportunity”, Homeland Security Policy Institute, Georgewashington University, June 24, 2011, http://www.gwumc.edu/hspi/policy/issuebrief203_yemenAQAP.cfm

  Successfully implementing a drone and SOF … bring an end to U.S. engagements.  

   

   

  AT: Civilians

   

  Drone are accurate and better that counterinsurgency efforts.

  Clint Watts (codirector PJ Sage, Inc) November 1 2010 “Go Drones in Yemen, Selected Wisdom” http://selectedwisdom.com/?p=67

  Despite media cries of tragedies … , which killed tens of thousands.

   

   

  ***Saudi***

  2nc overview

   

  Saudi alliance key to stop middle east instability – lack of alliance means they can’t stop extremism and conflicts will escalate – leadership key to prevent conflicts

   

  Impact outweighs:

  a. magnitude - Middle East is powder keg, any conflict will spillover

  The Age 9/24/2007 “Tempers must remain cool as the Middle East heats up”, http://www.theage.com.au/news/editorial/tempers-must-remain-cool-as-the-middle-east-heats-up/2007/09/23/1190486129857.html

  THE torturous road to peace … than in any military solution.

   

  b. timeframe - Middle east wars escalate quickly – systemic strategic instability make escalation more likely

  Russell 2009 [James A. Russell, senior lecturer in the Department of National Security Affairs at the Naval Postgraduate School, Strategic Stability Reconsidered: Prosepects for Nuclear War and Escalation in the Middle East, in collaboration with the Atomic Energy Commission, http://www.nps.edu/ academics/sigs/ccc/people/biolinks/russell/PP26_Russell_2009.pdf]

  Strategic stability in the region … risk for the entire world.

   

  c. Probability - Nuclear war in the Middle East is still likely.

  Charles F. Doran is Andrew W. Mellon Professor of International Relations at Johns Hopkins University’s School of Advanced International Studies, Washington DC, “Is Major War Obsolete? An Exchange” Survival, vol. 41, no. 2, Summer 1999, pp. 139—52

  What is frightening about this … of the proliferation process itself

   

  Rels solve terrorism—saudi Arabia is a hotbed of fundamentalism and controls financing

  Stratfor ’01 [staff, 9/26/01, p. online: http://www.stratfor.com/home/0109262300.htm]

  In the field of intelligence, … will be key to success.

   

   

  2nc uniqueness wall

  Current US democracy rhetoric concedes to Saudi interests – they won’t tolerate US-imposed democratic reform

  Karasik 8/1/11 (Theodore, Director of Research and Development at the Institute for Near East and Gulf Military Analysis in Dubai and Beirut. “A Conversation with Dr. Thedore Karasik of INEGMA on the ‘Arab Spring’.” Saudi-US Relations Information Service, August 1, 2011. http://www.susris.com/2011/08/01/a-conversation-with-dr-theodore-karasik-of-inegma-on-the-arab-spring/.)

   SUSRIS: Let’s talk about … their own pace and scope.

   

  Shared ideals aren’t enough – Obama must prove mutual interests in the Middle East – Yemen’s key

  CS Monitor 11 (“Obama must tell Saudi Arabia to keep Yemen’s Saleh.” CS Monitor, June 6, 2011. http://www.csmonitor.com/Commentary/the-monitors-view/2011/0606/Obama-must-tell-Saudi-Arabia-to-keep-Yemen-s-Saleh.)

  Each new tempest of the … not based on shared ideals.

   

   

  A2 palestine vote

   

  The saudi’s are bluffing, pref our ev its predictive.

  Tobin 9/12/11 (Jonathan, “Saudi Bluff on Palestine’s Proposal Fools No One”, Commentary Magazine, http://www.commentarymagazine.com/2011/09/12/saudis-obama-bluff-veto/)

  It appears the Palestinian Authority … weak they think Obama really is.

   

   

  A2 relations low

   

  Saudi Arabia and the GCC taking lead in yemen now

  CHRISTIAN KOCH 11-7 The Gulf and the Arab Spring http://english.alarabiya.net/views/2011/11/07/175841.html

  A related important factor in … of political change and transition.

   

   

  A2 relations resilient

   

  Democracy assistance swamps resiliency

  Financial Times June 16 2011 (June 16, "Arab spring tests US-Saudi relationship" http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/4082dc70-984d-11e0-ae45-00144feab49a.html#axzz1SlOYMHrW, SRM)

  Still, Washington and Riyadh could … the state of Israel in 1948.

   

  And, even without collapse in relations decrease in relations forge a Saudi/China partnership

  Levinson, Junior Fellow at the American Foreign Policy Council, 11

  (Spring/Summer, Staying the Course, http://www.securityaffairs.org/issues/2011/20/levinson.php)

  Kinzer erroneously argues that the “… best promote its regional interests.

   

  Ensures US-china conflict

  Salameh, International oil economist and consultant to the World Bank, 10

  (Technical expert of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), Director of the Oil Market Consultancy Service, member of both the International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) and the Royal Institute of International Affairs, “China’s Global Oil Diplomacy: Benign or Hostile?”)

  Saudi Arabia, holder of the … peace depend on the answers.

   

  Nuclear war

  Glaser, GW University Political Science Professor, 2011   [Charles, HARLES GLASER is Professor of Political Science and International Affairs and Director of the Institute for Security and Conflict Studies at the Elliott School of International Affairs at George Washington University., "Will China's Rise Lead to War? ", Foreign Affairs, Mar/April 2011, Vol. 90, Issue 2, EBSCO]

  THE PROSPECTS for avoiding intense … a general poisoning of U.S.-Chinese relations.  

   

  A2 link non-unique

   

  Yemen is a unique link – only place that Saudis will backlash over

  Bhadakrakumar, 10 [M.K., former career diplomat in the Indian Foreign Service Asia Times, “Obama’s Yemeni odyssey targets China”, 1/9, http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/LA09Ak02.html]

  Yemenis are an intelligent people … which it has profound interests. 

   

   

  A2 link turn

   

  Saudi Arabia favors Yemeni establishment

  Morning Star Online 7/17 (7/17/11, " Readying Libya for subjugation ", http://www.morningstaronline.co.uk/news/content/view/full/107148)

  In Yemen, Saudi Arabia and … revolt against the Yemeni president.

   

  Plan kills the alliance—4 reasons

  **sphere of influence, spillover, want yemen disunified, alliances with autocrats

  Tehran Times 7/4 (Mohammad Farazmand, 7/4/11, " The Arab Spring and the role of regional powers ", http://www.tehrantimes.com/index_View.asp?code=243567)

  Saudi Arabia has historically tried … in a region dominated by monarchism.

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

  
  
• 
  
  

1nc round 3 wake vs georgia BS

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• 1NC

   

  Democracy assistance is the DIRECT transfer of funds, expertise, and materials to foster democracy in a recipient country - Fostering democracy must be the primary purpose of democracy assistance,  indirect assistance undermines the value of the term and explodes the topic.

  Richard Lappin (Ph.D. candidate, Centre for Peace Research and Strategic Studies, University of Leuven; Visiting Scholar, University of Belgrade) June 2010“Post-conflict democracy assistance: a state of the art”, The Centre for Peace Research and Strategic Studies, Vol.85

  By the end of the … economic and social aid programmes.’174 pg. 33-35

   

  Violation – the aff is indirect assistance, only electoral assistance is deirect.  Direct assistance goes to the core of political contestation – other forms like improving civil society, the rule of law, and good governance improve the atmosphere for democracy – that’s indirect

  Thomas Carothers (Co-director of the Democracy and Rule of Law Project at Carnegie Endowment for International Peace ) 2004 “Democratic Mirage in the Middle East ,” Originally published in 2002, Critical Mission: Essays on Democracy Promotion, 2004, pg. 243-244

  INDIRECTLY PROMOTING DEMOCRACY The second … them understand U.S. policy more accurately

   

  Affs can’t provide indirect democracy assistance---“For” requires direct intent---defining the word is crucial

  Dr. Christina M. Finello, Policy and Criminal Court Coordinator, Philadelphia Department of Behavioral Health, “Issues in the Third Circuit: One Word Can Make All the Difference: An Examination of the Third Court’s Handling of Health Care Insurance Policy Exclusion Clauses for Pre-existing Conditions,” VILLANOVA LAW REVIEW, 2003, LN.

  On appeal, the Third Circuit … " leukemia on that day. n66

   

  Voting issue for limits and ground---the aff could provide aid to any number of other countries and claim that it indirectly assists democracy---the topic is already massive with dozens of mechanisms and no neg uniqueness

   

  Voting Issue –

   

  1. Limits – Elections directly tie assistance to the core democratic process of contestation – other targets of aid only indirectly improve democracy by changing the political environment – there are thousands of ways to “indirectly promote democracy” by improving governance or helping a civil society group

   

  2. Topic focus - Including every aff tangentially related to democratic institutions scatters the topic in too many directions – Elections should be the focal point to ground education about “democracy”

   

   

  1nc

   

   

  No competition between US and China over Libyan oil now—both are preparing to defend interests

  UPI 9-16-2011 (China, U.S. could tangle over Mideast oil, http://www.upi.com/Business_News/Energy-Resources/2011 /09/16/China-US-could-tangle-over-Mideast-oil/UPI-75231316188447/?spt=hts&or=3)

  BEIRUT, Lebanon, Sept. 16 (UPI) -- China's … step in. That could be messy.  

   

  China perceives plan as continued threat – collapses relations and escalates to war

  Paul Craig Roberts 2011, Former William E. Simon Chair, Center for Strategic and International Studies, Georgetown University, and Senior Research Fellow, Hoover Institution, Stanford University. “US risks war with China and Russia,” Press TV, April 26, http://www.presstv.ir/detail/176776.html

  We want to overthrow Gaddafi … and we're risking a major war.

   

  Escalates to nuclear war

  Straits Times 2000 [“Regional Fallout: No one gains in war over Taiwan,” Jun 25, LN]

  THE high-intensity scenario postulates a … puts sovereignty above everything else.

   

   

  1nc

   

  The European Instrument for Democracy and Human Rights should offer all necessary funding to the National Endowment for Democracy to provide technical support in the areas of rule of law, political dialogue, constitution-making and the electoral process through the United Nations Support Mission in Libya.

   

   

  The CP solves better - EU-NED coop prevents backlash to US assistance

  Gershman 06 – President of the National Endowment for Democracy [Carl Gershman, “The Backlash against Democracy Assistance,” Testimony to the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, Jun 8, 2006, pg. http://www.ned.org/about/board/meet-our-president/archived-remarks-and-presentations/060806]

  The new repressive climate in … and also leverage additional resources.

   

  Democracy cooperation stabilizes the Black Sea region – It’s a conduit for instability throughout Eurasia

  Garber 08 - Deputy Assistant Secretary of State [Judy Garber, “Transatlantic Perspectives on Black Sea Region: U.S. seeks to promote cooperation among countries in the region,” Keynote Address at the Woodrow Wilson Center Conference, 10 June 2008, pg. http://www.america.gov/st/texttrans-english/2008/June/20080612162948eaifas0.3606836.html#ixzz1S5cj0Z00]

  The Black Sea lies at a … , and the broader Middle East.

   

  Escalation in the Black sea region causes extinction

  Amineh 03 – Professor of International Relations @ … war and crisis in Iraq.

  *CEA = post-Soviet Central Eurasia

   

   

   

  1nc

   

  Obama’s trip cements US leadership in Asia – plan trades off – kills US assurances

  Ernest Bower, staff writer, 10-27-2011, “Why November Matters for Obama,” The Diplomat, http://the-diplomat.com/2011/10/27/why-november-matters-for-obama/

  US President Barack Obama and … price of greatness is responsibility.’

   

  Plan causes congressional backlash

  Seth McLaughlin, Staff writer, 4-26-2011, “Key foreign policy players try to master capitol hill,” The Washington Diplomat, http://www.washdiplomat.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=7829:key-foreign-policy-players-try-to-master-capitol-hill&catid=1473:may-2011&Itemid=471

  Though the State Department and … out altogether, or severely gutted.

   

  Impact is heg, japan nuclearization, Taiwan conflict, Indo-Pak war, and Korean conflict.

  Evelyn Goh, Professor at the Institute of Defence and Strategic Studies, 2008, “Hierarchy and the role of the United States in East Asian security order”,  “Hierarchy and the role of the United States in the East Asian security order,” Oxford 8(3):353-377

  The centrality of these mutual … appear to be much worse.

   

   

   

   

   

  Stability

   

  No escalation from Libyan instability

  Allen, 11 [Michael, Special Assistant for Government Relations and Public Affairs at the National Endowment for Democracy and editor for Democracy Digest, “Libya’s Opposition faces Dilemma”, http://www.demdigest.net/blog/2011/05/libyas-opposition-faces-dilemma/]

  Some observers fear that the … like Lebanon, Iraq, and Afghanistan.”

   

  Neighbors will ease the transition

  Ajami 8/31-- Senior Fellow and cochair, Working Group on Islamism and the International Order, Hoover Institution, Fouad, 2k11, From Baghdad to Tripoli, http://www.hoover.org/news/daily-report/91176

  But Libya is not the … cut off from its past.

   

  Iraq instability inevitable – Iranian influence, elections

  Karon, TIME Staff Writer, 9-1, 2010, (Tony, “What the U.S. Leaves Behind: An Unstable, Vulnerable Iraq”, Time, PAS) http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2015277,00.html 9-22-10 

  But the fact that no … has reinforced corruption and nepotism.

   

  No risk of great power conflict over Africa

  Robert Barrett, PhD student Centre for Military and Strategic Studies, University of Calgary, June 1, 2005, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID726162_code327511.pdf?abstractid=726162&mirid=1

  Westerners eager to promote democracy … nation has very little interest.

   

   

  Multilat

   

  UN fails and not key to global problems—coalitions solves

  Haas, 10 Richard Haas, CFR President, 1/5/2010, The Case for Messy Multilateralism, http://www.cfr.org/publication/21132/case_for_messy_multilateralism.html?breadcrumb=%2Fissue%2F42%2Fun

  But to acknowledge that we … than what we are used to.

   

  no loose nukes or state sponsors, can’t smuggle into the U.S.

  Francis Gavin, Tom Slick Professor of International Affairs, University of Texas at Austin, "Same As It Ever Was: Nuclear Alarmism, Proliferation, and the Cold War," INTERNATIONAL SECURITY v. 34 n. 3, Winter 2009/2010, p. 19-20.

  Experts disagree on whether nonstate … groups like al-Qaida or Hezbollah.”53

   

  Proliferation takes time – contemporary threats to acquire nuclear weapons have been in the process for years, encouraging moderation.

  Devin T. Hagerty (lecturer in International Politics in the Department of Government and Public Administration at the University of Sydney, Australia) 1998 “The Consequences of Nuclear Proliferation; Lessons from South Asia” p 22

  With respect to timing, the … by moderating tendencies toward war.

   

  momentum means they can’t solve warming

  ANI 10, [3-20-2010, http://news.oneindia.in/2010/03/20/ipcchas-underestimated-climate-change-impacts-sayscientis.html]

  According to Charles H. Greene, Cornell … dangerous climate change," said Green.

   

   

  Disease burns out before it can cause extinction – lethal viruses will kill their hosts too fast.

  Understanding Evolution 7 (Website on Evolution from UC Berkeley, "Evolution from a virus's view," December, http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/news/071201_adenovirus)

  Since transmission is a matter of … thing from the virus's perspective.

   

   

   

  Burdensharing

   

  Disengagement solves

  Kaplan, 11 [Robert, senior fellow at the Center for a New American Security, “The U.S. is Right Not to Own It”, Part of Foreign Policy’s series “Does the World Belong in Libya’s War?”,  3/18, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/03/18/does_the_world_belong_in_libyas_war?page=0,3]

  The very slow and seemingly … it to help govern Libya. 

   

  The plan’s signal doesn’t solve the alt causes

  Rugh, Professor of Public Diplomacy – Tufts University, 2009 (William, “Repairing American public diplomacy,” Arab Media & Society, Issue 7, Winter) 

  Public diplomacy is of course … this age of 24/7 information proliferation. 

   

  US leadership not key to global stability

  Mastanduno 09 [Michael, Professor of Government at Dartmouth, World Politics 61, No. 1, Ebsco]

   

  During the cold war the … on getting its own way.

   

  No Impact to withdrawal

  Christopher Preble, director of foreign policy studies at the Cato Institute, 8-3-2010, “U.S. Military Power: Preeminence for What Purpose?” http://www.cato-at-liberty.org/u-s-military-power-preeminence-for-what-purpose/

   

  Most in Washington still embraces … security of their respective regions.

   

  Alt causes –

  A. UN vote on Palestine.

  Ignatius, 9/15/2011 (David, Daily Star Columnist, “Amid Arab democracies, Israel must compromise”, The Daily Star, Lebanon, http://www.dailystar.com.lb/Opinion/Columnist/2011/Sep-15/148778-amid-arab-democracies-israel-must-compromise.ashx#axzz1Y2ynFNBB)

  Israel has hoped that Washington … compromise is part of survival.

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

  
  
• 
  
  

2nc round 3 wake vs georgia bs

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

•  

  ***CP***

  
  

  AT: Perm: “Both”

   

  1. Perm links to politics. Links are based on congressional action – perm requires it; counterplan doesn’t. Plan text means there’s a risk of a link.

   

  2. Perm doesn’t solve, ‘cause the plan doesn’t solve:

  a. Backlash. Including the plan means the perm is viewed as a US attempt to impose democracy – host country backlashes and means it doesn’t solve. That’s 1NC Gershman.

   

  b. Bureaucracy.

  Carothers 09 - Founder and Director of the Democracy and Rule of Law Program @ Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. [Thomas Carothers (Vice-president for studies @ Carnegie Endowment for International Peace), Revitalizing U.S. Democracy Assistance: The Challenge of USAID, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2009]

  USAID’s basic operating procedures—a term … easily when basic circumstances change. Pg. 21-22

   

  3. Perm doesn’t access relations net benefit:

  Congress has mandated that the NED avoids duplication.

  US Senate Committee Report 10  [“National Endowment for Democracy,” DEPARTMENT OF STATE, FOREIGN OPERATIONS, AND RELATED PROGRAMS APPROPRIATIONS BILL, Senate Report 111-237, 111TH CONGRESS, 111-237, July 29, 2010, pg. http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/cpquery/?&sid=cp1110Mcmi&r_n=sr237.111&dbname=cp111&&sel=TOC_95391&]

  The Committee recognizes the experience … customary fashion among core institutes.

   

  That means NED’s will not accept EU assistance.

  Sims 90 – Researcher for the Council … to its manipulation and pressure. Pg. 27

   

  Rejection force the EU to serve as a counterweight, causes conflict

  Hamilton & Burwell 10 – Research Professor of … rejected. Pg. 14-15 – AT: Perm – Impact to duplication

   

  Solvency – US Signal

   

   

  Solves US signal – perceived as most important and visible signal of US commitment

  Melia, ‘5 Institute for the Study of Diplomacy Walsh School of Foreign Service Georgetown University, A discussion paper  prepared for the Princeton Project on National Security Working Group on Global Institutions and Foreign Policy Infrastructure, September, http://www.princeton.edu/~ppns/papers/democracy_bureaucracy.pdf)

  Arguably the most important and … political democracy around the world

   

  • 
    
    • We solve 100% of the case - The NED is perceived as a government agency

  Carothers 94 – Senior associate @ Carnegie Endowment … ) only after activities are underway. Pg. 129-130

   

  NED initiative will be … interpreted as official US policy

  Conry 93 - Foreign policy analyst @ Cato Institute [Barbara Conry, “Loose Cannon: The National Endowment for Democracy,” Cato Institute Foreign Policy Briefing No. 27, November 8, 1993, pg. http://www.cato.org/pubs/fpbriefs/fpb027.pdf]

  That convoluted organizational structure seems … interests of the United States.

   

   

   

  2NC Impact Overview

   

   

  Counterplan solves the case and preserves US – EU demo promo in the Black Sea region.

   

  The impact outweighs and turns any risk of a solvency deficit:

  Instability is transmitted Central Asia and the MidEast – triggers nuclear war. That’s the 1NC Amineh ev.

   

  Russian will intervene - aggression will engulfs the region

  Karatnycky & Motyl  09 – Senior Fellow @ Atlantic … , Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyztan, & Tajikistan

   

   

  Iran Suadi Proxwy war Add on

   

  Iran won’t strike Saudi Arabia – religious history

  Bill Spindle and Margaret Coker. April 16, 2011. “The New Cold War.” http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704116404576262744106483816.html.

  The Saudis currently rely on … the use of nuclear weapons.

   

  No Iran/Saudi war—not enough support for Saudi retaliation

  Karen Dolan March 17 2008 No War with Iran Resolution Toolkit http://www.ips-dc.org/articles/no_war_with_iran_resolution_toolkit

  Washington's current anti-Iran campaign … regional competitors to challenge Iran.

   

  No Iran/Saudi war—politics and military

  Meir Javedanfar March 24, 2011 Iran and Saudi Arabia cold war has entered a new era http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2011/mar/24/iran-saudi-arabia-bahrain-cold-war

  This fury is now turning … risky, both politically and militarily. 

   

   

   

  ***China***

  2nc impact framing

   

  DA outweighs the case

   

  A. Timeframe—the conflict escalates quickly

  Sam Bleicher, 9-13-2011 (Is China Heading for Collapse?, The Global Realm, Foreign Policy In Focus, http://theglobalrealm.com/2011/09/15/is-china-heading-for-collapse/)

  The United States and the … the rest of the world.

   

   

  Extend 1NC—there is no competition between the US and China over access to Libya’s oil reserves—that’s UPI 9-16—diminishing resources mean China is no longer content letting the US protect global oil supplies—Chinese actions set the stage for future competition

   

  Plan runs in the opposite direction of the SQ China policy—they will view it as hypocritical

  CNN Wire, 10/22 (Panetta heads to Asia to meet with allies, keep an eye on China, L/N)

  Leon Panetta,  just back from a … and are trying to build."

   

  China is doing damage control now—all attempts at gaining oil access

  South China Morning Post, 10/27 (Pragmatic China goes to work in new Libya;
   Beijing's early reluctance to show more support for the rebels in Libya may present challenges as it seeks to guard its business and oil interests, BYLINE: Teddy Ng in Beijing, L/N)

  China faces mounting challenges in … Libyan funds frozen by the UN.

   

  1. Ext 1NC—plan antagonizes China—that’s Roberts—China is convinced US action is to block Chinese access to oil—the US uses Libyan instability as an excuse to intervene—AND, quick escalation means you can’t win a link turn

   

  2. China would respond militarily to the plan

  a. CCP ideology

  Aaron Friedberg 7-1-11, Professor of Politics and International Affairs, Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton, “In U.S.-China relations, ideology matters,” Foreign Policy, Shadow Government, http://shadow.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2011/07/01/in_us_china_relations_ideology_matters?wpisrc=obinsite

  It is sometimes said that … to achieve a stable modus vivendi.

   

  Case

  Empirics flow neg – no opposition to the movement and larger conflicts disprove

  Bandow, 11 [Doug, senior fellow at the CATO Institute, specializing in foreign policy and civil liberties, former special assistant to President Reagan and editor of the political magazine Inquiry, J.D. from Stanford, “Libya: Another Unnecessary War of Choice”, http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=12879]

   

  The Weekly Standard's Lee Smith … , not the other way around.

   

   

  Iran now holds more power … , distrust, and corruption –that’s Karon

   

  the Gulf is no longer of interest to the US. Stability in Iraq doesn’t matter—we will use reengagement strategies, regional allies, and efficiencies to secure our long term access to oil in the region—that’s Walt

   

  No public or international support

  Ian Bremmer, president of Eurasia Group, senior fellow at the World Policy Institute, September 13, 04, New Statesman, “Suppose a new 9/11 hit America…,” p. Lexis

  What would happen if there … for the invasion of Afghanistan.

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

  
  
• 
  
  

1nr round 3 wake vs georgia bs

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• High risk of miscalc – only US presence eases tensions

  Kevin Rudd, Australian Minister for Foreign Affairs, 9-15-2011,“The case for American engagement in Asia: the Australian perspective,” http://usrsaustralia.state.gov/us-oz/2011/09/15/afm3.html

  The potential for misunderstanding — and … stability and prosperity in Asia.

   

  Highest risk and magnitude

  Paul Dibb, chairman of the Strategic and Defence Studies Centre at ANU, is a former deputy secretary of defence and director of the Defence Intelligence Organisation, former head of the National Assessment's Staff in the National Intelligence Committee, Winter 2001, “Strategic Trends: Asia at a Crossroads” http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0JIW/is_/ai_75762211

  The areas of maximum danger … when confronted with major crises.

   

  I/L

   

  Fiat brings him home

  Carol Lancaster, SFS Dean at Georgetown, 2008, “George Bush’s Foreign Aid,” 12-13.

  Major structural changes in government—… engage a president’s attention and involvement.

   

  Massive budget battles causes him to cut the trip – current fights aren’t sufficient

  Laura MacInnis, staff writer, 11-7-2011, “Budget battles to shadow Obama on Asia-Pacific tour,” Chicago Tribune, http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/politics/sns-rt-us-apec-obama-poliitcstre7a60xm-20111106,0,3144491.story

  WASHINGTON (Reuters) - President Barack Obama's … spill on the U.S. Gulf Coast.

   

  *Obama is focused on his trips – only new will legislative battles distract him – keeps him in Washington

  Glenn Thrush, staff writer, 10-31-2011, “Can Barack Obama stay on new message?” Politico, http://www.politico.com/news/stories/1011/67191.html

  But Obama seems to have … , but ingrained habits die hard.

   

  Obama is distancing himself from minor budget battles

  Ken Walsh, staff writer, 11-3-2011, “Obama Giving the 'Super Committee' the Cold Shoulder,” US News, http://www.usnews.com/news/blogs/Ken-Walshs-Washington/2011/11/03/obama-giving-the-super-committee-the-cold-shoulder

  White House officials say Obama … international economic and other issues.

   

  Current pressure is insufficient – new massive battles cause him to get drawn back

  Ari Shapiro, staff writer, 11-10-2011, “To Obama, 'Go West Young Man' Means Engaging Asia,” NPR, http://www.npr.org/2011/11/09/142182582/to-obama-go-west-young-man-means-engaging-asia

  Not everyone is convinced that … popular — and perhaps, more influential.

   

  Link

   

  Budget fights – McLaughlin says foreign aid causes massive budget fights – perceived tradeoff with constituent priorities – the link is huge – they fight over every scrap.

  Spending means first-term republicans freakout – creates a budget showdown

  Bewley, writer for the Gannett Washington Bureau, 8/5/2011

  [Elizabeth, “TN freshmen held sway in debt debate,” Nexis]

  Some say they held the … passage of a balanced-budget amendment.

   

   

  Winners win

   

  Link outweighs turn – Harder to rebuild capital than lose it

  Marrissa Silber, prof of poli sci, samford, 8-30-2007, “What makes a president quack?” Prepared for delivery at the 2007 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association.

  Important to the discussion of … duck  President must be developed. 

   

   

   

   

   

   

  
  
• 
  
  

Round Reports

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• Neg: UNT QS

  Round #6 Tournament: Shirley

  Vs Team: Emporia State WW

  Judge: Murillo

   

   

  Off Case Args:

  Cap K

  Framework

   

  Case Args:

  Democratic classroom movement bad

  Interest conversion good

   

  Block Strategy:

  Everything

   

  2nr Strategy:

  K

  Interest conversion good

  
  
• 
  
  

PTC DA - Swings

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• The payroll tax cut will be extended now-and Obama pol cap is key

  Lee, 1/1 [Carol, Wall Street Journal, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970204720204577131543017594740.html]

  President Barack Obama heads into 2012 … and grandchildren to grow up in."

   

  Democracy assistance requires investing political capital

  Cárdenas, 10

  [José R., worked in various senior positions in the Bush administration including the U.S. Department of State and USAID, and former Senior Advisor at the Organization of American States, “Time to Campaign for Democracy”, http://shadow.foreignpolicy.com/category/topic/democracy]

  But if Secretary Clinton wants … most and without bureaucratic delay.

   

  Extending PTC for a full year is key to prevent double dip

  Stewart, 12/28 [Heather, The Guardian, “Extending Obama’s tax cuts should be new year’s resolution for Republicans”, http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/economics-blog/2011/dec/28/obama-tax-cuts-new-year-resolution?newsfeed=true]

  Republicans caved in at the … the Republicans' reputation that suffers.

   

  Double dip causes prolonged downturn and depression

  Isidore, 11 [Chris, CNN Money, “Recession 2.0 would hurt worse”, http://money.cnn.com/2011/08/10/news/economy/double_dip_recession_economy/index.htm]

  The risk of double dip … policy effort to counteract it 

   

  Extinction

  Kerpen 8 (October 28, 2008 7:53 AM  From Panic to Depression? The dangers of blaming free trade, low taxes, and flexible labor markets for our current troubles.  By Phil Kerpen, Phil Kerpen is policy director for Americans for Prosperity.)

  It’s important that we avoid … on an even greater scale.   

   

  
  
• 
  
  

Cities of Refuge CP - Swings

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• Text: The International Cities of Refuge Network should provide political asylum for dissidents and exiled persons from the topically designated countries.

   

   

  We solve – no need for US action

  Kelly 10 [Michaeleen, Journal of Humanitarian Assistance, "A new humanitarian paradigm for understanding the right to asylum: Responses to Arendt and Derrida" Feb. 21 http://jha.ac/2010/02/21/a-new-humanitarian-paradigm-for-understanding-the-right-to-asylum-responses-to-arendt-and-derrida/)

  Although the duty of hospitality … the isolation of such individuals.

  
  
• 
  
  

Waiver CP - Swings

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• Text: The United States Federal Executive branch should communicate to the Egyptian Supreme Council of the Armed Forces that it will not invoke the “national security” waiver for conditions placed on fiscal year 2012 military aid to Egypt, and that the Secretary of State will only certify compliance with such conditions if, at a minimum, the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces ceases efforts to preserve a political role for the military in a new Egyptian constitution, implements its promise to hold Presidential elections by June 2012, allows parliamentary elections to conclude without substantial interference, ends the use of military trials for civilian defendants, ends the application of Egypt’s emergency law, and permanently ceases intimidation of nongovernmental organizations.

   

  Solves the case – military aid has already been conditioned but communicating intent to follow through and not use the waiver is key to the transition

  Human Rights First 12/19/2011 “U.S. Government Must Use Aid Leverage to Prevent Further Human Rights Violations in Egypt,” online: http:~/~/www.humanrightsfirst.org/2011/12/19/u-s-government-must-use-aid-leverage-to-prevent-further-human-rights-violations-in-egypt/

  New York City – Human Rights … the broader region,” noted Hicks.

   

  Only commitment to conditioning military aid solves U.S. credibility otherwise we’ll inevitably be perceived as enablers of repression – congress likes the CP

  Cynthia P Schneider (Professor of Diplomacy and Culture at Georgetown, head of the Arts and Culture Initiative within the Saban Center for Middle East Policy at the Brookings Institution) 12/23/2011, “Hard Power Trumps Soft In U.S. Policy Towards Egypt,” online: www.huffingtonpost.com/cynthia-p-schneider/us-policy-egypt_b_1167537.html?ref=world

  On Monday Secretary of State … weapons pouring down on them. 

   

  
  
• 
  
  

Defense Sequestration DA - Swings

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• The GOP will push to avoid sequestration cuts to defense – Obama’s threat to veto will scuttle it

  Carlo Munoz (Writer for AOL Defense) 12/13 “Tough Road Ahead for GOP's Plan To Dodge DoD Cuts,” AOL Defense, http://defense.aol.com/2011/12/13/tough-road-ahead-for-gops-plan-to-dodge-dod-cuts/.

  A Republican plan to spare … would have come up with it"

   

  Plan unpopular---Spending, Iran fears, and Israel lobby

  Jim Lobe (Washington bureau chief of the Inter Press Service and a contributor to IPS Right Web) April 25 2011 “Arab Spring Stalls as U.S. Defers to Saudi ‘Counter-revolution’” rightweb.irc-online.org/articles/display/arab_spring_stalls_as_us_defers_to_saudi_counter_revolution

  Their eagerness to charge Tehran … not be such a good investment.

   

  Political capital key to veto threat

  Nicole Slezak (Professor of Political Science at University of California) 2010 “The Presidential Veto: A Strategic Asset” http://www.thepresidency.org/storage/documents/Vater/Slezak.pdf

  Spitzer states that the veto … is not a threat at all.”15

   

  Defense cuts are key to shift to a sustainable grand strategy of restraints – avoids entanglement

  Friedman and Preble 10 – Benjamin Friedman is a research fellow in defense and homeland security studies at the Cato Institute and Christopher Preble is director of foreign policy studies at the Cato Institute, “Budgetary Savings from Military Restraint,” CATO Institute Policy Analysis #667, Sept 21, http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=12151.

  The United States needs a defense … can safely spend far less.

   

  Entanglement ensures great power wars go nuclear – they stay regional without US involvement

  Eugene Gholz Daryl Press were doctoral candidates in the Dept of Political Science at MIT, and Harvey Sapolsky is Prof of Public Policy and Organization in the Dept of Political Science at MIT, International Security, Spring 1997)

  The risk of nuclear escalation … solution that selective engagers propose.

   

   

  
  
• 
  
  

Russia DA - Swings

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• Russia and Syria are cooperating now to build ties –Russia is closely monitoring US activity in Syria – fall of Assad will a HUGE blow to Russian influence

  Hugo Odiogor 11/20 “Understanding Russia’s interest in Syria’s conflict”, Vangaurd, http://www.vanguardngr.com/2011/11/understanding-russia%E2%80%99s-interest-in-syria%E2%80%99s-conflict/

  The prospect of a civil war … has malevolent intention in Syria.

   

  Russia’s influence in Syria critical for to control the Chechen rebellion – US meddling in Syria undercuts Russia’s influence and encourages Chechen succession    

  George Friedman (Political Analyst and founder of Stratfor) Feb 15 2006 Stratfor, “The middle east and russia’s new game”, http://halldor2.blogspot.com/2006/02/middle-east-and-russias-new-game.html

  The Russians are, in fact, … superpower in a generation or two.
  
  

  Chechnya conflict eruption will spark nuclear war

  Pandita 2001 [K. N. (Professor) “Chechnya: impending nuclear flash point”, Kashmir Information Network, http://www.kashmir-information.com/KNPandita/article9.html]

  This decision of the Taliban … Kashmir or in the Caucasus?

   

  
  
• 
  
  

Qatar CP - Swings

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• Text: The United States Federal Government should ask the government of Qatar to provide political organization assistance for Syrian opposition groups while offering to provide necessary advice and expertise to support Qatar’s efforts.

   

  CP captures the benefits of U.S. involvement while avoiding backlash and boost Qata’s credibility

  Matthew Mainen (is a policy analyst at the Institute for Gulf Affairs, where he has been an associate since 2005. During this period, he has worked on numerous projects including IGA's groundbreaking analysis of Saudi Arabia's educational system. He is widely published, and has a particular interest in Israeli-Gulf relations) July 25 2011 “Saudi's Dangerous Role in Syria”, http://mainen.blogspot.com/2011/07/saudis-dangerous-role-in-syria.html

  The U.S. should provide democracy assistance … was the case in Libya.

   

  Qatari leadership key to stabilize Afghanistan

  Hughes 11/3/11 – Michael Hughes, Foreign Policy Strategist, New World Strategies Coalition “ Qatari Exceptionalism: Small Kingdom Makes Big Impact on World Stage,” 11-3-11.   http://www.huffingtonpost.com/michael-hughes/qatar-west-relations_b_1073374.html

  I came to appreciate the … ethnic, tribal and sectarian mosaic.

   

  That prevents global nuclear war

  Stephen John Morgan (former National Executive Officer of the British Labour Party, his responsibilities included international relations, ethnic minority work, women’s issues, finance, local government and organization, he specialised particularly in international crisis situations spending long periods working in Belfast, in efforts to overcome sectarian strife and terrorism, former Director of WIC, a research and publishing company based in London) 2007 http://www.electricarticles.com/display.aspx?id=639)

  Although disliked and despised in … Afghanistan, than a Taliban NUCLEAR Pakistan!

   

  
  
• 
  
  

Framework 1NC - Swings

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• 1. Interpretation—the affirmative should defend an expansion of beneficiary eligibility for and/or increase the number of topically designated visas.

   

  A. Colon means USFG is the Agent

  Webster’s 2000

  http://ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/marks/colon.htm

  Use of a colon before a list … the colon with a capital letter.

   

  B. Resolved and Should implies implementation

  AHD 2000

  www.dictionary.com/cgi-bin/dict.pl?term=resolved

  To find a solution to; solve …

  … bring to a usually successful conclusion

   

  American Heritage Dictionary – 2000 [www.dictionary.com]

  3 Used … to express probability or expectation

   

  C. “The USFG” is the government in Washington D.C.

  Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2000 [http://encarta.msn.com]

  “The federal government of … States is centered in Washington DC.”

   

  D. Any non-government action based advantage is extra-topical—that’s an independent voting issue because even if we get some link ground they’ll be able to outweigh with unpredictable advantages. Black’s Law Dictionary 1999

  Seventh Edition Ed. Bryan A. Garner (chief)

  Federal government 1. A national government that … participate in national political matters.

   

   

  2. Violation <Insert> (Keegan: Insert a Violation, do not say “INSERT.”

   

  3. Vote neg—

  A. Ground—

  First, Implementation key to asses consequences of any ideology.

  Ignatieff  2004

  Michael, Carr professor of human rights at Harvard, Lesser Evils p. 20-1

  As for moral perfectionism, this … lead us to betray another.

   

  Second, Ground is key to meaningful discussion—the alternative is violence.

  Ruth Lessl Shively, Assoc Prof Polisci at Texas A&M, 2000 Political Theory and Partisan Politics p. 181-2

  The requirements given thus far … some basic agreement or harmony.

   

  B. Education—

  First, They kill debate Education which is key to Totalitarianism.

  Lewis 1992

  Martin, Assistant Professor at George Washington, Green Delusions p. 258

  A majority of those born … constitutional refinements become inconvenient niceties.

   

  Role playing is the best way to promote critical policy analysis and well-informed students

  Schaap 2006

  (Andrew, University of Melbourne, Politics, Vol 25 Iss 1, February)

   

  Learning political theory is largely … in the subject: their teacher.

   

  Our discourse reshapes the politics of democracy assistance – the Middle East is the key starting point because it is the area that academia and politics is focused on now – this discussion enables us to discuss democracy effectively in all aspects of life

  Telhami 05  [Anwar Sadat professor for peace and development, University of Maryland “Democracy: Rising Tide or Mirage” Middle East Policy Vol 12 Issue 2 May 23 2005]

   

  I think we all agree … clash on the other side.

   

  Switch side debate solves any risk of aff offense

  Abbott 2009

  (Blake, Debate Coach at the University of Georgia and B.A. in Political Science at Mercer University and M.A. from Wake Forest University, “The Project and Switch Side Debate”, November 11^th, http://www.georgiadebate.org/2009/11/the-project-and-switch-side-debate)

   

  In debates that take place … exists, it’s a risk worth taking.

   

  C. Limits—

  First, You EXPLODE THEM

  Donald S. Lutz, Professor of Polisci at Houston, 2000 Political Theory and Partisan Politics p. 39-40

  Aristotle notes in the Politics … vision of the non-theorist.

   

  Second, Limit explosion kills debate and all politics turns the aff.

  Ruth Lessl Shively, Assoc Prof Polisci at Texas A&M, 2000 Political Theory and Partisan Politics p. 180

  'Thus far, I have argued that … who reject civility and democracy.

   

  The criticism of the limit of rationalism, universalism and objecitvity encourages epistemological pluralism –  this is seized on by conservatives to justify and project their radical ideologies. 

  Sherry 96 – Professor of Civil Rights and Civil Liberties Law and the University of Minnesota (Suzanna, Georgetown Law Journal, “The Sleep of Reason,” February 1996, 84 Geo. L.J. 453

  We all know the Enlightenment … best suited for public governance.

   

  
  
• 
  
  

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  
• 
  
• 
  
  

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  
• 
  
•