GSU 1ac

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• Advantage 1 is Credibility 

  US credibility in the Middle East is waning – only a major policy change can restore it
  Carpenter, senior fellow of foreign policy studies at The Cato Institute, 7-18-11
  (Ted Galen, Cato, “Obama Fumbles His Opportunity with the Arab World,” http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=13573, accessed 8-27-11, CMM)

  The results of a new Zogby AND of something more than hollow rhetoric.

  Success in Egypt is key to cred.
  Smith, Weekly Standard senior editor, 2011
  [Lee, Middle East Quarterly, Summer Vol XVIII Number 3, “Weakening Washington's Middle East Influence
  Middle Eastern Upheavals” http://www.meforum.org/2972/us-middle-east-influence, accessed 8-22-11, TAP] 

  Obama's Strategic Blunder  But if little AND streets demanding Mubarak's ouster?[10]

  The plan is key to US credibility in the Middle East – that is the only way to contain conflict.
  Nasr, Bloomberg, 5-23-11
  [Vali, “Will the Saudis Kill the Arab Spring?” http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-05-23/will-the-saudis-kill-the-arab-spring-.html, accessed 6-9-11, TP]

  Saudi Arabia’s new posture is a AND won’t look favorably on reversing course.

  Iran prolif is inevitable – it will destabilize the Middle East.
  Takeyh. CFR Middle Eastern studies senior fellow, 8-3-11
  [Ray, “The March Toward a Nuclear Iran” http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/the-march-toward-a-nuclear-iran/2011/07/29/gIQAFcypsI_story.html, accessed 8-8-11, TAP]

  Rather than suffering shortfalls or inhibitions AND Islamic Republic armed with nuclear weapons.

  A lack of credibility hurts our ability to stop our allies from proliferating
  Takeyh, CFR senior fellow, 6-8-11
  [Ray, “A Post-American Day Dawns in the Mideast” http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/09/opinion/09iht-edtakeyh09.html?emc=tnt&tntemail1=y, accessed 6-9-11, TP]

  All this is not to suggest AND to be more turbulent and unstable.

  If Iran’s neighbors prolif the Middle East will become fully nuclearized – deterrence failure and nuclear war are inevitable
  Kurtz, Ethics and Public Policy Center senior fellow, 8-29-06
  [Stanley, "Our Fallout-Shelter Future," National Review, l/n]

  Rosen assumes (rightly I believeAND them from escalating into nuclear confrontations.

  Iran prolif leads to a cascade of proliferation, regional instability and nuclear war
  Kittrie, Arizona State Law Professor, 3/12/2009
  [Orde, "IRAN SANCTIONS ENABLING ACT," Congressional Testimony, lexis, access 9/6]

  Another danger of Iran acquiring a AND result in a devastating nuclear war.

  Advantage 2 is Egypt – Scenario 1 is Economy

  Egypt’s economy is on the verge of total collapse – corruption prevents increasing growth and jobs
  Nasr, Bloomberg, 9-1-11
  (Vali, “Beyond Good Politics: Egypt Needs Economic Remodeling: Vali Nasr,” 9-1-11, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-09-02/beyond-political-reform-egypt-will-need-economic-restructuring-vali-nasr.html, accesed 9-10-11) PM

  Six months after the fall of AND frees the economy from its clutches.

  International actors have promised millions in aid – it will only reinforce corruption
  Hanieh, Political Economics Professor at the School of Oriental and African Studies, ‘11
  (Adam, “Egypt’s ‘Orderly Economic Transition:’ Accelerated Structural Adjustment Under a Democratic Veneer,” July 2011, http://www.soas.ac.uk/cdpr/publications/dv/file69436.pdf, accessed 8-29-11) PM

  In recent weeks, the economic AND the country’s military and business elites.

  Current aid is insufficient – corruption reform is key
  Young, Assistant Political Science professor at the American University of Sharjah, ‘11
  (Karen, “Better Targeting of Aid Will Ensure a Lasting Arab Spring,” 6-3-11, http://www.thenational.ae/thenationalconversation/comment/better-targeting-of-aid-will-ensure-a-lasting-arab-spring?pageCount=0, accessed 8-29-11) PM

  Transitions from authoritarianism and state-AND no evidence that aid promotes democracy.

  Solving corruption allows the Egyptian business sector to develop – that’s key to growth
  Hubbard, Finance and Economics professor at Columbia, ‘11
  (Glenn, worked as an economic advisor under Bush, Chairman of Economic Policy on the OECD’s Economic Policy Committee, “A Marshall Plan for the Middle East,” 2-28-11, http://glennhubbard.net/commentary-and-op-eds/322-a-marshall-plan-for-the-middle-east.html, accessed 9-10-11) PM

  The recent and current upheavals in AND stability the world has ever known.

  That’s key to a successful democratic transition and regional stability
  Crane, Simon, and Martini, RAND Corporation, ‘11
  (Keith, Steven, and Jeffrey, “Future Challenges for the Arab World: The Implications of Demographic and Economic Trends,” 2011, http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/technical_reports/2011/RAND_TR912.pdf, accessed 9-12-11) PM

  No other economic issue is deemed AND and extent of pressure for political change

  Middle East instability escalates to global nuclear and biological war
  Blake, Telegraph, ‘11
  (Heidi, “WikiLeaks: tension in the Middle East and Asia has 'direct potential' to lead to nuclear war,” 2-2-11, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/wikileaks/8298427/WikiLeaks-tension-in-the-Middle-East-and-Asia-has-direct-potential-to-lead-to-nuclear-war.html, accessed 8-22-11) PM

  Tension in the Middle East and AND inhaled or absorbed through the skin.

  Bioweapons cause extinction
  Ochs, Chemical Weapons Working Group Member, 2
  Richard [“Biological Weapons must be Abolished Immediately,” June 9, http://www.freefromterror.net/other_articles/abolish.html]

  Of all the weapons of mass AND ? HUMAN EXTINCTION IS NOW POSSIBLE.

  Scenario 2 is Saudi Arabia
  Egyptian stability is key to Saudi Arabian stability
  Aymerich, Policymic, 6-4-11
  [Olga, Universitat Autonoma Barcelona international and intercultural relations (Middle East) MA, “Stability Trumps Religion in Saudi Arabia's Arab Spring Policies” http://www.policymic.com/article/show?id=511, accessed 6-11-11, TAP]

  Saudi Arabia feared the Arab Spring AND consequently, to Saudi Arabia’s stability.

  That collapses the global economy
  David, prof of poli sci at Johns Hopkins, 99
  (Steven R, Jan/Feb, Foreign Affairs, “Saving America from the Coming Civil Wars,” lexis, accessed 5-9-11, CMM)

  In a Saudi civil war, AND gravest threat imaginable to American interests.

  Economic collapse leads to global war.
  Lind, New America Foundation Economic Growth Program Policy Director, 5/11/2010
  [Michael, "Will the great recession lead to World War IV?," http://www.salon.com/news/economics/index.html?story=/opinion/feature/2010/05/11/great_recession_world_war_iv]

  If history is any guide, AND is all too easy to imagine. 

  Plan Text
  The United States Federal Government should allocate necessary funding and training resources to anti-corruption programs for Egypt.

  Solvency
  The plan solves corruption – that’s key to prevent democratic backsliding
  Rubin, Philadelphia Inquirer, ‘11
  (Trudy, “Economy Key to Egypt, Tunisia in Quest for Democracy,” 4-17-11, http://www.miamiherald.com/2011/04/17/v-fullstory/2170819/economy-key-to-egypt-tunisia-in.html, accessed 8-29-11) PM

  Moreover, Clinton added: “AND we should try hard to help.

  The US has key anti-corruption infrastructure
  Diamond, Senior fellow at the Hoover Institute, ‘8
  (Larry, “End Foreign Aid As We Know It,” Democracy Journal, No 8, Spring 2008, http://www.democracyjournal.org/8/6584.php, accessed 9-1-11) PM

  After more than four decades and AND –by showing that we agree.

  US solves best – most effective NGOs and international partnerships
  Donnelly, former USTR for the Middle East and Europe, ‘11
  (Shaun, “The Neglected Pillar: America’s Economic Agenda in the Middle East,” 6-22-11, http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/templateC05.php?CID=3373, accessed 8-31-11) PM

  Citizens across the Middle East have AND , along with strong policy advocacy.

  The SCAF will say yes – they want to establish a democratic government
  Wisner, External Affairs at AIG, 9-13-11
  (Frank, “Reparing the Egypt-Israel Breach,” 9-13-11, http://www.cfr.org/egypt/repairing-egypt-israel-breach/p25841?cid=rss-analysisbriefbackgroundersexp-repairing_the_egypt_israel_bre-091311, accessed 9-15-11) PM

  The military has no desire to AND , would like peace to continue.

  Countries can’t say no – they need recognize that they need our help
  Terrill, joined the Strategic Studies Institute in October 2001, and is SSI's Middle East specialist, 8-2-11
  (Dr. Andrew, served as a Middle East nonproliferation analyst for the International Assessments Division of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, “The Arab Spring and the Future of U.S. Interests and Cooperative Security in the Arab World,” http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/index.cfm/articles/The-Arab-Spring-and-the-Future-of-US-Interests/2011/8/2, accessed 8-22-11, CMM)

  The Arab Spring has sometimes brought AND that is vital to both countries.

  
  
  

Kentucky 1ac

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

•  Counterplan AnswersPlan Text

  The United States Federal Government should provide necessary technical assistance for Egypt for transparency and accountability of government institutions, including active public and government internal monitoring.

  
  Credibility

  Contention 1 – Credibility

   

  Low Middle East credibility now.

  AFP, 11

  [Karin Zeitvogel, 7-13-11, Agence France Press, “Arab world's ratings of Obama, US plummet: poll” http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hbpg5ou3Qk96-aTbpJyD4K0x2b9w?docId=CNG.561caa8da42ba25c5ee1f3158a926c28.c11, accessed 9-22-11, TAP]

   

  WASHINGTON — Two years after US AND Egypt -- a mere five percent.

   

  Promoting accountability boosts credibility.

  Guirguis, Washington Institute fellow, 9

  [Dina, Washington Institute for Near East Policy fellow, Executive director of the Voices for a Democratic Egypt, a non-profit organization dedicated to promoting democracy, human rights, and the rule of law, “Promoting Democracy in Egypt” http://www.eurasiacritic.com/articles/promoting-democracy-egypt, accessed 9-22-11, TAP]

   

  Not only is support for the AND media, and increasing government accountability.

   

  The plan is key to fulfill Obama’s Cairo promises

  Hamid, Brookings research director, 11

  [Shadi, Brookings Doha Center research director, 4-26-11, “The Struggle for Middle East Democracy” http://www.brookings.edu/articles/2011/0426_middle_east_hamid.aspx, accessed 9-24-11, TAP]

   

  The revolutions are far from completeAND address but failed to deliver on.

   

  Credibility through democracy boosts US soft power – that preserves US global leadership.

  Byron, Press Storm, 11

  [8-26-11, “Investigative Analysis: Soft Power in the Middle East – Reforming American Foreign Policy” http://www.presstorm.com/2011/08/soft-power-in-the-middle-east-reforming-american-foreign-policy/, accessed 9-23-11, TAP]

   

  It’s easy to read the revolutions AND of citizen diplomacy and international friendship.

   

  Hegemony solves war – declines means great power war.

  Khalilzad, former U.S. ambassador, 11

  (Zalmay, United States ambassador to Afghanistan, Iraq, and the United Nations during the presidency of George W. Bush and the director of policy planning at the Defense Department from 1990 to 1992, 2-8-11, National Review Online, “The Economy and National Security,” http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/259024/economy-and-national-security-zalmay-khalilzad, accessed 2-8-11, CMM)

   

  We face this domestic challenge while AND make aggressive moves in their regions.

   

  Credibility deters Iranian aggression – perception of regional commitments are key.

  Alterman, CSIS senior fellow, 11

  [Jon, former Department of State Policy planning staff, CSIS Middle East program director and senior fellow “Fierce or Feeble: Persian Gulf assessments of U.S. power” section within Capacity and Resolve: Foreign Assessments of U.S. Power, http://csis.org/files/publication/110613_Cohen_CapacityResolve_Web.pdf, p.69-70, accessed 9-30-11, TAP]

   

  Whatever the actual cost, and AND discrete set of actions and statements.

   

   

  Iranian aggression results in nuclear war.

  Ben-Meir, NYU IR Professor, 2007

  [Alon, New York University Center for Global Affairs international relations professor, “Realpolitik: Ending Iran's defiance” http://www.upi.com/Business_News/Security-Industry/2007/02/06/Realpolitik-Ending-Irans-defiance/UPI-69491170778058/, accessed 9-30-11, TAP]

   

  Feeling emboldened and unrestrained, Tehran AND of not halting its nuclear program.

   

  Egypt

  Contention 2 is Egypt

   

  Corruption dooms status quo aid.

  Hanieh, School of Oriental and African Studies Political Economics Professor, 11

  (Adam, “Egypt’s ‘Orderly Economic Transition:’ Accelerated Structural Adjustment Under a Democratic Veneer,” July 2011, http://www.soas.ac.uk/cdpr/publications/dv/file69436.pdf, accessed 8-29-11) PM

   

  In recent weeks, the economic AND the country’s military and business elites.

   

  Corruption kills Egyptian small business – that’s key to growth.

  Hubbard, Columbia Finance and Economics professor, 11

  (Glenn, worked as an economic advisor under Bush, Chairman of Economic Policy on the OECD’s Economic Policy Committee, “A Marshall Plan for the Middle East,” 2-28-11, http://glennhubbard.net/commentary-and-op-eds/322-a-marshall-plan-for-the-middle-east.html, accessed 9-10-11) PM

   

  The recent and current upheavals in AND stability the world has ever known.

   

   

  Transparency solves short and long-term growth through predictability – now is key.

  Fayed, Reuters, 9-22-11

  (Shaimaa, “Egypt firms struggle as political uncertainty hits economy,” http://www.dailystar.com.lb/Business/Middle-East/2011/Sep-22/149361-egypt-firms-struggle-as-political-uncertainty-hits-economy.ashx#axzz1YidsTpfy, accessed 9-22-11, CMM)

   

  When the chief executive officer of AND , which began operating in July.

   

  Corruption makes instability inevitable.

  Young, BBC World Service business reporter, 9-15-11

  (Rob, “Egyptians still await economic change,” http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-14907631, accessed 9-19-11, CMM)

   

  'Further uprising' January's protesters also demanded AND be further uprising," she says.

  *Yasmine El Rashidi, a former Middle East correspondent for The Wall Street Journal, has written for The Washington Post etc.

   

  Growth is key to a successful democratic transition and regional stability

  Crane et al, Simon, and Martini, RAND Corporation, ‘11

  (Keith, Steven, and Jeffrey, “Future Challenges for the Arab World: The Implications of Demographic and Economic Trends,” 2011, http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/technical_reports/2011/RAND_TR912.pdf, accessed 9-12-11) PM

   

  No other economic issue is deemed AND extent of pressure for political change.

   

  Middle East war magnitude would be great – no checks on escalation.  
  RUSSELL, Department of National Security Affairs senior lecturer at NPS, 9

  [James A., , focused on Middle East security affairs, terrorism, and national security strategy. “Strategic Stability Reconsidered: Prospects for Nuclear War and Escalation in the Middle East” Spring http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&cd=1&sqi=2&ved=0CBMQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.edu%2FAcademics%2Fcenters%2FCCC%2Ffaculty%2Fbiolinks%2Frussell%2FPP26_Russell_2009.pdf&rct=j&q=Strategic%20Stability%20Reconsidered%3A%20Prospects%20for%20Nuclear%20War%20and%20Escalation%20in%20the%20Middle%20East%22&ei=y_dbTcmfD4K0lQeY7cTkCQ&usg=AFQjCNGBgAt5-o6WwVPg7b503iUYltj2nw&sig2=9rGfIq5oVZNvgR8pn8vhvA, page 41, accessed 2-16-11, CMM]
  
  

  Strategic stability in the region is AND substantial risk for the entire world.

   

   

  Transparency is key to the democratic transition – prevents cooption

  Hanna, fellow and program officer at The Century Foundation, 7-14-11

  (Michael Wahid, he focuses on issues of international security, human rights, post-conflict justice and U.S. foreign policy in the broader Middle East, *No Date included on webpage – the date of 7-14-11 was taken from when this article was posted on the Huffington Post, “Why The Past Is Crucial To Egypt's Future,” http://www.aucegypt.edu/gapp/cairoreview/Pages/articleDetails.aspx?aid=78, accessed 9-25-11, CMM)

   

  As Egypt’s post-revolutionary politics AND the intentions of the transitional authorities.

   

  Failure to solidify the Egyptian democratic transition will exacerbate Israeli threat perceptions, triggering escalatory spiral

  Byman, Brookings Saban Center for Middle East Policy Research Director, 11

  [Daniel, Georgetown University Security Studies Program Professor & member of The Washington Quarterly editorial board, Summer, The Washington Quarterly, 34:3 pp. 123-136, “Israel’s Pessimistic View of

  the Arab Spring”, http://www.twq.com/11summer/docs/11summer_Byman.pdf, p. 133-4, accessed 9-29-11, AFB]

   

  Israel’s fears are much more likely AND escalation that could spiral into disaster.

   

  Egypt-Israeli war goes nuclear

  Meir-Levi, Middle East expert and history professor at San Jose State University, ‘11

  (David, “Nine Fronts in the Next War,” 9-7-11, http://frontpagemag.com/2011/09/07/nine-fronts-in-the-next-war/2/, accessed 9-28-11) PM

   

  To gain maximum benefit from the AND during its 1948 war of survival.

   

  Solvency

   

  Contention 3 is Solvency

   

  Current US assistance fails – expanding transparency efforts are key to solve institutional change.

  Sullivan, Ph.D., the Executive Director of the Center for International Private Enterprise (CIPE), 11

  (John D, 2-23-11, Project on Middle East Democracy, “Rethinking Development Assistance in the Middle East,” pages3-4, http://pomed.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/policy-brief-series_sullivan.pdf, accessed 9-25-11, CMM)

   

  In a section highlighting the need AND business, especially in public procurement.

   

  The US should promote public and government monitoring.

  CIPE, Center for International Private Enterprise, No Date (post June 2009)

  (Post June 2009 – This article was written after a survey conducted in June 2009 in Egypt, “Tackling The leviaThan: RefoRming egypTian BuReaucRacy foR impRoved economic growth,” http://www.cipe-arabia.org/files/pdf/Bureaucracy-EN.pdf, pages38-39, accessed 9-24-11, CMM)

   

  If bureaucracy grants power to civil AND and on society as a whole.

   

  Egypt will accept the aid out of economic interests

  Terrill, joined the Strategic Studies Institute in October 2001, and is SSI's Middle East specialist, 8-2-11

  (Dr. Andrew, served as a Middle East nonproliferation analyst for the International Assessments Division of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, “The Arab Spring and the Future of U.S. Interests and Cooperative Security in the Arab World,” http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/index.cfm/articles/The-Arab-Spring-and-the-Future-of-US-Interests/2011/8/2, accessed 8-22-11, CMM)

   

  The Arab Spring has sometimes brought AND that is vital to both countries.

   

  The US has key anti corruption infrastructure

  Diamond, Senior fellow at the Hoover Institute, ‘8

  (Larry, “End Foreign Aid As We Know It,” Democracy Journal, No 8, Spring 2008, http://www.democracyjournal.org/8/6584.php, accessed 9-1-11) PM

   

  But these new principles still govern AND and thus slow to send money.

  
  
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2ac - EU Counterplan

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• Kentucky Answers:

  AND, even if they create programs to solve, that would create delays that undermine solvency

  Hall and Peel, Financial Times, 9-8-11

  (Camilla and Michael, “Tunisia and Egypt receive mere fraction of promised aid funds,” proquest, accessed 9-11-11, CMM)

   

  Tunisia and Egypt have received only AND terms of investment in our country."

   

  5. No funding

  Carnegie Endowment ‘9

  (Thomas Carothers, Jacek Kucharczyk, Jeff Lovitt, Olga Shumylo, “European Democracy Assistance After EU Enlargement,” 2-25-09, http://www.carnegieendowment.org/2009/02/25/european-democracy-assistance-after-eu-enlargement/xw, accessed 8-24-11) PM

   

  Shumylo compared EU democracy assistance overall AND directed to the grass roots level.

   

  7. EU fails in Egypt

  Vogel, 11

  (2-10, Toby, writer for European Voice, specializes in European affairs, “EU under pressure to reassess aid to Egypt,” http://www.europeanvoice.com/article/imported/eu-under-pressure-to-reassess-aid-to-egypt/70191.aspx)

   

  Cameron was highly critical of the AND year-old state of emergency.”

  Harvard:

  The plan and the perm are key – US assistance key in Egypt. 

  Ash, The Guardian, 2011

  [Timothy Garton, “Obama can now define the third great project of Euro-Atlantic partnership” http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2011/may/18/obama-define-great-euro-atlantic-project, accessed 10-29-11, TAP]

   

  From what I can gather, AND of translating potential into actual power.

   

  CP leads to great power backlash that turns solvency – US key to solve

  Grygiel, Senior Fellow at the Center for European Policy Analysis, 10-6-11

  (Jakub, and the George H.W. Bush Associate Professor of International Relations at Johns Hopkins-SAIS, “Democracy promotion – a geostrategic contest,” http://www.demdigest.net/blog/2011/10/democracy-promotion-a-geostrategic-contest/, accessed 10-6-11, CMM)

   

  Finally, we cannot outsource democracy AND dangerous geopolitical consequences of their actions.

  
  
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2ac - Pressure Counterplan

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• Kentucky Answers:

  Egypt doesn’t have the infrastructure, doesn’t solve the aff – only the US can solve.

  Diamond, Senior fellow at the Hoover Institute, ‘8

  (Larry, “End Foreign Aid As We Know It,” Democracy Journal, No 8, Spring 2008, http://www.democracyjournal.org/8/6584.php, accessed 9-1-11) PM

   

  But these new principles still govern AND and thus slow to send money.

   

   

  Democracy assistance key to cred

  Guirguis, Washington Institute for Near East Policy fellow, 2009

  [Dina, Executive director of the Voices for a Democratic Egypt, a non-profit organization dedicated to promoting democracy, human rights, and the rule of law, “Promoting Democracy in Egypt” http://www.eurasiacritic.com/articles/promoting-democracy-egypt, accessed 9-22-11, TAP]

   

  Conclusion The challenge with Egypt is AND ramifications for the entire Middle East.

   

   

  The US has no leverage over the SCAF – threats fail.

  Satloff, The Washington Institute executive director, 9-13-11

  [Robert, “Needed: High-Level U.S. Attention to the Dire Situation in Egypt” http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/templateC06.php?CID=1714, accessed 9-27-11, TAP]

   

  Neither Ambassador Taylor nor his wellAND . Two ideas are worth considering.

  
  
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2ac - Saudi Arabia Add-On

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• Egyptian instability spills over to Saudi Arabia

  Aymerich, Policymic, 6-4-11

  [Olga, Universitat Autonoma Barcelona international and intercultural relations (Middle East) MA, “Stability Trumps Religion in Saudi Arabia's Arab Spring Policies” http://www.policymic.com/article/show?id=511, accessed 6-11-11, TAP]

   

  Saudi Arabia feared the Arab Spring AND consequently, to Saudi Arabia’s stability.

   

  That makes global economic collapse inevitable

  David, prof of poli sci at Johns Hopkins, 99

  (Steven R, Jan/Feb, Foreign Affairs, “Saving America from the Coming Civil Wars,” lexis, accessed 5-9-11, CMM)

   

  In a Saudi civil war, AND gravest threat imaginable to American interests.

  
  
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2ac - Credit Rating Downgrade Disad

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• Downgrade inevitable

  Reuters 9-27-11

  (Walter Brandimarte, “Moody’s: Obama budget a plus but adoption unlikely,” 9-27-11, http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/09/27/us-usa-budget-moodys-idUSTRE78P2FW20110927, accessed 9-30-11) PM

   

  (Reuters) - President Barack AND but partisan differences may prevent this."

   

   

   

  Money’s already been allocated – empirically denies the internal link

  Hanley, AP, ‘11

  (Charles, “US training quietly nurtured young Arab democracy activists,” 3-13-11, http://www.news-sentinel.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/SE/20110313/NEWS/103140302, accessed 9-30-11) PM

   

  National Endowment money, $100AND triple the 2011 funding previously planned.

  
  
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2ac - Governance Not T

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• 1. We meet – governance is topical

  McInerney, Director of Advocacy for the Project on Middle East Democracy, April 2010,
   [Stephen, “The Federal Budget and Appropriations for Fiscal Year 2011: Democracy, Governance, And Human Rights In The Middle East”, p. 9, http://www.boell.org/downloads/fy11-budget-analysis-final.pdf]
  
  

  Good Governance: • Strengthens executiveAND ; also strengthens anticorruption programs.
  
  

  2. We meet – the plan is also rule of law

  McMahon, Binghamton Center on Democratic Performance director and applied politics professor, 2

  [Edward R., “The Impact of U.S. Democracy and Governance Assistance in Africa: Benin Case Study.” http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PCAAB068.pdf, p.10, accessed 5-23-11]

   

  The rule of law area addresses AND and fair legal sector institutions.11

   

  3. The plan is civil society

  Huber, Hebrew University of Jerusalem Department of International Relations, 8

  [Daniela, Mediterranean Politics, Vol. 13, No. 1, 43–62,  March 2008, “Democracy Assistance in the Middle East and North Africa: A Comparison of US and EU Policies”, p. 50, http://pdfserve.informaworld.com/69109__790479070.pdf, accessed 6-3-11]

   

  Civil society programmes include strengthening of AND , 2006b: 1–2).

   

  4. Counter interp – democracy assistance includes elections, rule of law, civil society, and governance

  Azpuru, et al, Wichita State political science professor, 8

  (Dinorah Azpuru, Steven E. Finkel, Aníbal Pérez-Liñán, Mitchell A. Seligson, Journal of Democracy Volume 19, Number 2, April 2008, “What has the United States Been Doing?” p. 155-157, Project Muse, accessed 9-5-11]

   

  It is often said that Western AND attention to decentralization and local government. 

   

  5. No limits explosion – governance is only 4 different programs

  McMahon-Director, Center on Democratic Performance Department of Political Science Binghamton University-2    

  (The Impact of U.S. Democracy and Governance Assistance in Africa: Benin Case Study  http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PCAAB068.pdf)

  The concept of governance applies AND of U.S. assistance.

                                                                     

  7. They limit out core affs like IMET and governance funding – that’s a huge part of the literature – governance is a third of the topic

  Azpuru, et al, Wichita State political science professor, 8

  (Dinorah Azpuru, Steven E. Finkel, Aníbal Pérez-Liñán, Mitchell A. Seligson, Journal of Democracy Volume 19, Number 2, April 2008, “What has the United States Been Doing?” p. 155-157, Project Muse, accessed 9-5-11]

   

  It is often said that Western AND attention to decentralization and local government.  

  
  
• 
  
  

2ac - Windmills Disad

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• Kentucky Answers:

  Biodiversity isn’t important—massive biodiversity changes are common and natural

  Don Maier, Independent Environmental Scholar, May 2009, “What’s So Good about Biodiversity? A Survey of Bad Answers,” Paper presented to the 6^th Annual Joint International Society for Environmental Philosophy/ISEE Conference http://www.environmentalphilosophy.org/ISEEIAEPpapers/2009/Maier.pdf, access 11/6/10

   

  One could rework Noss' statement once AND "The just-so model".

  
  
• 
  
  

2ac - Politics - Generic

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• Plan has massive bipartisan backing

  Democracy Digest, 9-8-11

  [“9/11 restored bipartisan consensus on strategic value of democracy assistance”, http://www.demdigest.net/blog/2011/09/911-restored-bipartisan-consensus-on-strategic-value-of-democracy-assistance/, accessed 9-14-11, AFB]

   

   “The terrorist attack of AND at home is worthy of note.”

   

  Foreign policy wins boost domestic capital

  Marshall, Miami University political science associate professor, and Prins, University of Tennessee Knoxville political science associate professor, 2011

  [Bryan and Brandon, 9-2011, Presidential Studies Quarterly, Vol 41 Issue 3, “Power or Posturing? Policy Availability and Congressional Influence on U.S. Presidential Decisions to Use Force” Wiley-Blackwell, p.525, accessed 7-30-11, TAP]

   

  Presidents rely heavily on Congress in AND capital at home (Fordham 2002).

  
  
• 
  
  

2ac - SKFTA

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• Double bind – either TAA won’t pass House and disad is inevitable, or FTA is a slam dunk, and plan is not key

  CNN Money, 9-29-11

  [CNN Wire, 9-29-11, “Trade deals held up by Washington gridlock”, Lexis, AFB]

   

  WASHINGTON (CNNMoney) -- Trade AND , no solution has appeared yet.

   

   

  Won’t pass – Dems oppose Colombia and want China bashing first

  The Hill, 9-25, 2011,

  (Vicki Needham, "Pelosi and Reid at odds with Obama over trade", PAS) thehill.com/blogs/on-the-money/1005-trade/183759-pelosi-and-reid-at-odds-with-obama-on-trade-deals- 9-28-11

   

  Last month, in a speech AND into the agreement to ensure protections.

   

  TAA irrelevant – Democrats and labor still oppose

  The Hill, 9-25, 2011,

  (Vicki Needham, "Pelosi and Reid at odds with Obama over trade", PAS) thehill.com/blogs/on-the-money/1005-trade/183759-pelosi-and-reid-at-odds-with-obama-on-trade-deals- 9-28-11

   

  Democrats have joined together on passage AND move opposed by the White House.

   

   

  
  
• 
  
  

Harvard 1ac - K 1ac

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• Plan Text

  The United States Federal Government should provide necessary support and training for transparency and accountability of government institutions, including active public and government internal monitoring, for Egypt.

  
  
  Contention 1 is Egypt

   

  Egypt receives international aid now, but it only reinforces corruption.

  Hanieh, School of Oriental and African Studies Political Economics Professor, 11

  (Adam, “Egypt’s ‘Orderly Economic Transition:’ Accelerated Structural Adjustment Under a Democratic Veneer,” July 2011, http://www.soas.ac.uk/cdpr/publications/dv/file69436.pdf, accessed 8-29-11) PM

   

  In recent weeks, the economic AND the country’s military and business elites.

   

  Corruption makes instability inevitable.

  Young, BBC World Service business reporter, 9-15-11

  (Rob, “Egyptians still await economic change,” http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-14907631, accessed 9-19-11, CMM)

   

  'Further uprising' January's protesters also demanded AND be further uprising," she says.

  *Yasmine El Rashidi, a former Middle East correspondent for The Wall Street Journal, has written for The Washington Post etc.

   

  Transparency is key to the democratic transition – prevents cooption

  Hanna, fellow and program officer at The Century Foundation, 7-14-11

  (Michael Wahid, he focuses on issues of international security, human rights, post-conflict justice and U.S. foreign policy in the broader Middle East, *No Date included on webpage – the date of 7-14-11 was taken from when this article was posted on the Huffington Post, “Why The Past Is Crucial To Egypt's Future,” http://www.aucegypt.edu/gapp/cairoreview/Pages/articleDetails.aspx?aid=78, accessed 9-25-11, CMM)

   

  As Egypt’s post-revolutionary politics AND the intentions of the transitional authorities.

   

  Democracy in Egypt results in social justice.

  Barnett, Policy Mic, 6-24-11

  [Carolyn, “When We Don't Need U.S. Aid” http://www.policymic.com/articles/when-we-don-t-need-u-s-aid, accessed 9-13-11, TAP]

   

  More importantly, these liberal economic AND housing, and other welfare provisions.

   

  Transparency reform is key citizen empowerment and solving corruption

  Bosanquet, Transparency International’s Arab media specialist, 7-25-11

  (Antonia, “Access to information in the Arab region,” http://blog.transparency.org/2011/07/25/into-action-promoting-information-in-the-arab-region/, accessed 9-22-11, CMM)

   

  Another equally significant form of information AND legislative basis for better public information.

   

  
  Contention 2 is democracy

   

  Egypt is the lynchpin of a global wave of democratic revolution – the US must ensure success.

  Hill, Brookings Institution Center on the US and Europe director and foreign policy senior fellow, 2-15-11

  [Fiona, “How Russia and China See the Egyptian Revolution” http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/02/15/how_russia_and_china_see_the_egyptian_revolution?page=0,0, accessed 10-21-11, TAP]

   

  In moving forward on a strategy AND color revolutions of 2003 to 2005.

   

  Egyptian democratization is key to reverse a rise global authoritarianism

  Puddington, director of research at Freedom House, 10-7-11

  (Arch, Democracy Digest, “Can Arab Spring check new authoritarians’ momentum?,” http://www.demdigest.net/blog/2011/10/can-arab-spring-check-new-authoritarians-momentum/, accessed 10-9-11, CMM)

   

  The role of the West in AND the cause of freedom everywhere else.

   

  That’s key to check an increasingly authoritarian global model that crushes global democracy.

  Kurlantzick, fellow for Southeast Asia at the Council on Foreign Relations, 9-24-11

  (Joshua, “Long Arm of China,” http://www.cfr.org/china/long-arm-china/p26075, accessed 10-15-11, CMM)

   

  For decades, foreign observers and AND to promote democracy in their neighborhoods.

   

  Democracy solves everything including value to life – democracy assistance fosters that.

  Mitchell, Columbia University school of international and political affairs Arnold A. Saltzman practice of international politics assistant professor, and Phillips, National Committee on American foreign policy project director, 2008

  [Lincoln and David, Columbia University center for the study of human rights visiting scholar, “Enhancing democracy assistance” http://www.acus.org/files/publication_pdfs/65/Enhancing%20Democracy%20Assistance.pdf, p.5-6, accessed 5-21-11, TP]

   

  Democracy is both a reflection of AND the interest of US national security.

   

  Democratic peace theory is statistically significant – it is empirically proven true over and over again that democracy solves war.

  Dafoe, UCal Berkeley political science Ph.D candidate, 2011

  [Allan, Midwest Political Science Association, American Journal of Political Science, Vol 55 No 2 April 2011, “Statistical Critiques of the Democratic Peace: Caveat Emptor” http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00487.x/pdf, p.247-8, accessed 10-27-11, TAP]

   

  The “democratic peace”—the AND and Bennett 2004; Ray 1995).

  
  Contention 3 – Solvency

   

  The US has actively supported authoritarianism – the US must counteract this hypocrisy – Arab people see US support as crucial to transitioning to democracy.

  Hamid, Brookings Doha Center Research Director, 11

  (Shadi, 10-1-11, “What Obama and American Liberals Don’t Understand About the Arab Spring,” http://www.brookings.edu/opinions/2011/1001_obama_hamid.aspx, accessed 10-11-11, CMM)

   

  Throughout the Arab spring, analysts AND ones who need to do it.”

   

  America can be a credible partner by supporting local demands..

  Snider and Faris, Middle East Policy Council, 2011

  [Erin and David, “The Arab Spring: U.S. Democracy Promotion in Egypt” http://www.mepc.org/journal/middle-east-policy-archives/arab-spring-us-democracy-promotion-egypt?print, accessed 9-27-11, TAP]

   

  These suggestions serve as a starting AND in close coordination with both governments.

   

  The public wants corruption reform.

  Fayad, La Maman Street Lebanese University psychology professor, 2011

  [Mona, The Arab Geographer, Vol 14 num 2 summer, “The Arab Youth Revolution Paradigm: Rights, Freedom, Responsibility, and Transparency” p.120, TAP]

   

  The best thing offered by Arab AND and family violence in our societies.  

   

  Expanding transparency efforts are key to solve institutional change in Egypt.

  Sullivan, Ph.D., the Executive Director of the Center for International Private Enterprise (CIPE), 11

  (John D, 2-23-11, Project on Middle East Democracy, “Rethinking Development Assistance in the Middle East,” pages3-4, http://pomed.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/policy-brief-series_sullivan.pdf, accessed 9-25-11, CMM)

   

  In a section highlighting the need AND business, especially in public procurement. 

  
  
• 
  
  

2ac - Cap Bad K

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• Harvard Answers:

  AND, the case turns the K, not the other way around

  Joshua Goldstein, American University International Relations Professor, 2001, “War and Gender: How Gender Shapes the War System and Vice Versa,” p.411-412

   

  I began this book hoping to AND war seems to be empirically inadequate.

   

   

  4. Double bind – either they need a clear roadmap that proposes a gradual withdraw or their movement creates radical transitions wars that replace capitalism anyway

  Lee Harris, Atlanta Writer, 2002, Two, (Policy Review, December, p3(13) The intellectual origins of America-Bashing)

   

  This is the immiserization thesis of AND would be reduced to pipe dreams.

   

  9. Turn- Their movement results in totalitarianism and extinction

  Rockwell, president of von Mises Institute, ‘8

  Llewllyn Rockwell 5/17/08; Rockwell is the president of the Ludwig von Mises Institute; “Everything You Love You Owe to Capitalism” http://mises.org/story/2982

   

  Whatever the specifics of the case AND atom bombs on millions of innocents.

   

  11. Ethical policymaking must be grounded in consequences

  Isaac, Indiana University James H. Rudy Professor of Political Science and Center for the Study of Democracy and Public Life director, Spring 2002

  (Jeffrey C. “Ends, Means, and Politics,” Dissent Magazine Vol. 49 Issue 2, p32)

   

  Power is not a dirty word AND . And it undermines political effectiveness.

   

  13. Their cap kills the environment args aren’t responsive – we’ve passed the point where abandoning cap can solve – the only way to save the environment is through innovation of new tech

  Atkisson, President and CEO of environmental sustainability group, ‘1

  (Alan, The Atkisson Group, international sustainability group that advises governments and corporations, “Sustainability is Dead – Long Live Sustainability,” 10-18-01, http://www.rrcap.unep.org/uneptg06/course/Robert/SustainabilityManifesto2001.pdf, accessed 9-10-10) PM

   

  Our economies and technologies are changing AND whole associated with their inevitable collapse.

   

   

  14. The aff rejects the unfettered capitalism that resulted in corruption.

  Sharp, Congressional Research Service Middle East Affairs specialist, 9-21-11

  [Jeremy, “Egypt in Transition” https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RL33003.pdf, p.13, accessed 10-29-11, TAP]

   

  Experts believe that post-revolutionary AND reforms from Mubarak-era corruption.

   

  
  
• 
  
  

2ac - Spanos K

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• Harvard Answers:

  Changing representational practices won’t alter policy, looking to structures and politics is more vital

  Tuathail, Department of Geography at Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Political Geography, 96 (Gearoid Tuathail, Department of Geography at Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Political Geography, 15(6-7), 664 )

   

  While theoretical debates at academic conferences  AND patterned mess that is  human history.

  They want the assistance.

  Essam El-Din, Ahram, 8-5-11

  [Gamal, “US aid to Egypt's civil society: a need, a blessing and a curse” http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/1/17749/Egypt/US-aid-to-Egypts-civil-society-a-need,-a-blessing-.aspx, accessed 10-23-11, TAP]

   

  Just a few weeks after Mubarak AND never seen in its modern history.”

  Embracing democracy is an essential jumping board for any criticism

  Chantal Mouffe, College International de Philosophie, Dimensions of Radical Democracy, ’92, pg 1

   

  On the eve of the twentyAND more radical principles for organizing society.

  3. Perm do both - Theory and action must go hand in hand – Middle East policy can incorporate critical perspectives.

  Heydemann, Social Science Research Councol Program on Philanthropy and the Nonprofit Sector director, 2002

  [Steven, Journal of Democracy, Vol 13 Num 3 July, “Defending the Discipline” Project Muse, p.103-5, TAP]

   

  Though Kramer’s book is severely flawedAND during the course of the 1990s.

   

  Focus on ontology eschews real world suffering AND prioritizing ontology leads to political hijacking of their project to further self-interested politics

  Bronner, Rutgers University political science professor, 04

  [Stephen Eric, Reclaiming the Enlightenment, CIAO, 112-113]

   

  But the battles between the supporters AND find a place in the sun.

   

   

  The plan is a fundamental shift in foreign policy that supports the desires of the Arab populations – their links don’t assume the plan.

  Hamid, Brookings Doha Center research director, 2011

  [Shadi, 4-26-11, “The Struggle for Middle East Democracy” http://www.brookings.edu/articles/2011/0426_middle_east_hamid.aspx, accessed 9-24-11, TAP]

   

  To be sure, the United AND , their revolutions may still fail.

   

  Democracy assistance works with local leaders – means it isn’t just promoting Western ideals

  Youngs, FRIDE Director General, 2011,

  (Richard, “Misunderstanding the maladies of liberal democracy promotion”, FRIDE is A European Think Tank for Global Action, 1-25, Pg. 9, PAS) http://fride.org/download/WP106_Liberal_Democracy2_jan11.pdf 7-23-11

   

  A sixth point: the associated AND mediation, not replicating Western institutions.

   

  
  
• 
  
  

2ac - Democracy Good - Solves Violence

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• (% class="tag" %) Democracy constrains violence – solves the root cause of sovereign murder. (% class="tag" %) Dickinson, U.C. Berkeley Associate History Professor, ‘04 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Edward Ross, “Biopolitics, Fascism, Democracy: Some Reflections on Our Discourse About ‘Modernity’,” //Central European History//, vol. 37 no. 1, pg 1-48] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) How do we sort out the AND (% class="underline" %)and escalation that characterized Nazi policies(%%). (% class="tag" %)

  
  
• 
  
  

2ac - Freedom of Speech Add-On

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• (% class="tag" %) Turn- democracy protects freedom of expression which is a precondition to all other rights- (% style="background:aqua;mso-highlight: aqua" %)totalitarian denial of free speech justifies is the root of all atrocities (% class="MsoNormal" %) **__D'Souza__**, **__International Centre Against Censorship__** (Article 19) **__Executive Director__**, **__96__** (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size:9.0pt" %)[Frances, "Freedom of Expression: The First Freedom?," European Parliament Public Hearing, [[http:~~/~~/www.europarl.europa.eu/hearings/19960425/droi/freedom_en.htm>>http://www.europarl.europa.eu/hearings/19960425/droi/freedom_en.htm]]] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size:9.0pt" %) (% class="card" %) (% style="background: aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %)**__In the absence of freedom of AND __**(%%)**__to communicate the need for change__**.

  
  
• 
  
  

2ac - Say Yes

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• (% class="tag" %) 4. Even if they win say no – (% class="tag" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1" %) A.(% style="font:7.0pt ~"Times New Roman~"" %) (%%)Still solve cred. (% class="tag" %) Dadush et al, Carnegie Endowment senior associate and international economics program director, 7-22-11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Uri, and Marina Ottaway, Carnegie Endowment middle east program senior associate, Michele Dunne, Atlantic Council Rafik Hariri Center for the middle east director, and Jeffrey Gedmin, Legatum Institute chief executive officer, “Egypt in Transition: The Current Economic Situation and the Role of International Assistance” [[http:~~/~~/www.carnegieendowment.org/events/index.cfm?fa=eventDetail&id=3325&utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+CarnegieEndowmentForInternationalPeaceGeneralPublicationsAndEvents+%28DC+-+General+Publications+and+Events%29>>http://www.carnegieendowment.org/events/index.cfm?fa=eventDetail&id=3325&utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+CarnegieEndowmentForInternationalPeaceGeneralPublicationsAndEvents+%28DC+-+General+Publications+and+Events%29]], accessed 8-6-11, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) Strengthening Relationships: (% class="underline" %)Ottaway asserted that(%%) AND (% class="underline" style="background:yellow; mso-highlight:yellow" %)if it did not offer (% class="underline" %)it(%%). (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) SCAF says yes – they want to maintain relations to the West – carrots will succeed, sticks kill leverage. (% class="tag" %) Dunne, Middle East Institute scholar, 2011 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Charles, 2-12-11, “After Mubarak” [[http:~~/~~/www.the-american-interest.com/article.cfm?piece=1033>>http://www.the-american-interest.com/article.cfm?piece=1033]], accessed 10-26-11, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) First, (% class="underline" %)the ability of the AND and retrenchment if it does not(%%).

  
  
• 
  
  

2ac - MB Radicalization DA

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• Harvard: (% class="tag" %) 2. No link – The economy is top priority (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Hellyer, Research Fellow in Ethnic Relations at University of Warwick, ‘11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; " %)(HA, “Politics and the New Egypt,” 8-29-11, [[(% class="cite cite cite cite cite cite cite cite cite cite cite cite cite cite cite cite cite cite cite cite cite cite" style="font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 10pt" %)http:~~/~~/www.tehrantimes.com/index.php/middle-east/2084-politics-and-the-new-egypt->>http://www.tehrantimes.com/index.php/middle-east/2084-politics-and-the-new-egypt-]](%%), accessed 9-7-11) PM (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; " %) (% class="card" %) The economy, religion, the AND (% class="underline" %)economic situation tops all other concerns. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) 3. No link – Aff engages more than just secularists – aids the government and CSOs without any affiliation – and the Muslim Brotherhood says yes. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Payne(%%), (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)National Security Program Senior Policy Advisor(%%), 20(% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)11(%%), (% class="MsoNormal" %) (Scott, "Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood and U.S. Interests", National Security Program, 2-23, Pg. 4, PAS) (% class="MsoNormal" %) content.thirdway.org/publications/375/Third_Way_Memo_-_Egypt_s_Muslim_Brotherhood_and_US_Interests.pdf 8-20-11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" %)When it comes(%%) (% class="underline" %)to(%%) core American AND directly with decision makers in Egypt. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) 4. Cred advantage disproves the link and proves a link turn – Anti-American sentiment exists because the US can help Egyptian democracy but isn’t – Egypt wants the plan. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)5. Turn – plan solves anti-Americanism (% class="tag" %) (% style="background:aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %)Hamid(%%), (% style="background:aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %)10 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Shadi, Brookings Doha Center deputy director, Democracy Journal, Winter, “The Cairo Conundrum” [[http:~~/~~/www.democracyjournal.org/pdf/15/Hamid.pdf>>http://www.democracyjournal.org/pdf/15/Hamid.pdf]], p.39, accessed 9-22-11, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="underline" style="text-decoration: none" %) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" style="background:aqua;mso-highlight: aqua" %)Anti-American anger, and AND (% class="underline" %)subjugate the (% style="background: aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %)people of the region(% style="background:aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %). (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) 6. No internal link – Brotherhood won’t be radical – (% class="tag" %) Governance will moderate inevitably. (% class="tag" %) Naiman, Just Foreign Policy policy director, 2-2-11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Roberty, Public Citizen’s Global Trade Watch former analyst, Center for Economic and Policy Research former analyst, “Democracy in Egypt: The U.S. and Israel Can Adapt and They Will” [[http:~~/~~/www.commondreams.org/view/2011/02/02-4>>http://www.commondreams.org/view/2011/02/02-4]], accessed 10-23-11, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" %)Opposing policies of the U.AND (%%)of U.S. policy. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) 7. No impact – Islamist control irrelevant – president has the power (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Democracy Digest(%%), 20(% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)11(%%), (% class="MsoNormal" %) ("Egypt’s democrats more concerned about Salafists than Brotherhood?", 8-8, PAS) [[www.demdigest.net/blog/2011/08/egypts-democrats-more-concerned-about-salafists-than-brotherhood/>>http://www.demdigest.net/blog/2011/08/egypts-democrats-more-concerned-about-salafists-than-brotherhood/]] (% class="MsoNormal" %) 8-30-11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) But these moderate Islamists are vastly AND sense of heading into the unknown.”

  
  
• 
  
  

2ac - Turkey Counterplan

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• Harvard: (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Perm – do both – cooperation solves Turkish influence (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Cagaptay and Weiss, director of the Turkish Research Program at The Washington Institute and research assistant, 2011 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; " %)[Soner and Margaret, “No More Cold Turkey,” Hurriyet Daily News, [[(% class="cite cite cite cite cite cite cite cite cite cite cite cite cite cite cite cite cite cite cite cite cite" style="font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 10pt" %)http:~~/~~/www.washingtoninstitute.org/templateC06.php?CID=1688>>http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/templateC06.php?CID=1688]](%%), 07-29-11, access date: 09-12-11, MAY] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) (% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)Only recently, (% class="underline" style="background:yellow; mso-highlight:yellow" %)Washington and Ankara (% class="underline" %)AND (% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)an ally in an unstable region. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)AND, even if they create programs to solve, that would create delays that undermine solvency (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Hall and Peel, Financial Times, 9-8-11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (Camilla and Michael, “Tunisia and Egypt receive mere fraction of promised aid funds,” proquest, accessed 9-11-11, CMM) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" style="background:aqua;mso-highlight: aqua" %)Tunisia and Egypt have received only AND (%%)terms of investment in our country." (% class="tag" %) (% class="tag" %) Can’t export the Turkish model (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Al-Masry Al-Youm ‘11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; " %)(Egyptian newspaper, “Experts Say Turkish Model Cannot be Exported as is,” 7-2-11, [[(% class="cite cite cite cite cite cite cite cite cite cite cite cite cite cite cite cite cite cite cite cite cite" style="font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 10pt" %)http:~~/~~/www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/473600>>http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/473600]](%%), accessed 9-22-11) PM (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; " %) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight: yellow" %)Despite much talk about(% style="background:yellow; mso-highlight:yellow" %) (%%)the possibility AND (% class="underline" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)to Egypt(% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %) (%%)or any other country. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)CP leads to great power backlash that turns solvency – US key to solve (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Grygiel, Senior Fellow at the Center for European Policy Analysis, 10-6-11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (Jakub, and the George H.W. Bush Associate Professor of International Relations at Johns Hopkins-SAIS, “Democracy promotion – a geostrategic contest,” http:~/~/www.demdigest.net/blog/2011/10/democracy-promotion-a-geostrategic-contest/, accessed 10-6-11, CMM) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) Finally, (% class="underline" style="background:aqua; mso-highlight:aqua" %)we cannot outsource democracy AND (%%)dangerous (% class="underline" %)geopolitical consequences of their actions(%%).

  
  
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2ac - QDR Counterplan

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• (% class="tag" %) Now key to save economy. (% class="tag" %) Dadush, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace international economics program director, and Dunne, Atlantic Coucil Rafik Hariri Center for the Middle East director, 2011 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Dudush and Michele, Fall 2011, CSIS Washington Quarterly, 34:4, “American and European Responses to the Arab Spring: What’s the Big Idea” [[http:~~/~~/www.twq.com/11autumn/docs/11autumn_Dadush_Dunne.pdf>>http://www.twq.com/11autumn/docs/11autumn_Dadush_Dunne.pdf]], p.135, accessed 10-29-11, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) The good news is that (% class="underline" %)it AND (%%)big difference to the final outcome. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) Obama key. (% class="tag" %) Snider and Faris, Middle East Policy Council, 2011 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Erin and David, “The Arab Spring: U.S. Democracy Promotion in Egypt” [[http:~~/~~/www.mepc.org/journal/middle-east-policy-archives/arab-spring-us-democracy-promotion-egypt?print>>http://www.mepc.org/journal/middle-east-policy-archives/arab-spring-us-democracy-promotion-egypt?print]], accessed 9-27-11, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight: yellow" %)Democracy promotion (% class="underline" %)in the Middle East(% style="background: yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %) AND (%%), given deteriorating socioeconomic conditions."39

  
  
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2ac - Egypt Case Cards

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• **Corruption Key** (% class="tag" %) Econ key to stability and democratic transition – getting rid of corruption is the only way to prevent future instability. (% class="tag" %) Dem Digest, 10-20-11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Democracy Digest, “Economic instability threatens Egypt’s transition” [[http:~~/~~/www.demdigest.net/blog/2011/10/economic-instability-threatens-egypts-transition/>>http://www.demdigest.net/blog/2011/10/economic-instability-threatens-egypts-transition/]], accessed 10-28-11, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) Much commentary on Egypt’s transition has AND of the National Endowment for Democracy.

  
  
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2ac - SCAF Backlash DA

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• (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) 2. Non-unique – crackdowns now – violence escalating. (% class="tag" %) Kirkpatrick, NYT, 10-13-11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [David, New York Times, “Egypt Promises to Address Coptic Christians’ Concerns” [[http:~~/~~/www.nytimes.com/2011/10/14/world/middleeast/egypt-attempts-to-calm-uproar-over-coptic-deaths.html?emc=tnt&tntemail1=y>>http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/14/world/middleeast/egypt-attempts-to-calm-uproar-over-coptic-deaths.html?emc=tnt&tntemail1=y]], accessed 10-18-11, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) CAIRO — (% class="underline" %)The Egyptian government pledged AND (%%)to make such changes within weeks. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size:12.0pt" %)**4. No internal link – relations with the military are resilient – we give them a ton of money.** (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size:12.0pt" %)**Hendawi, **(% lang="EN" style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black;mso-ansi-language: EN" %)**chief of bureau in Cairo responsible for coverage of Egypt, Libya and Sudan**(% lang="EN" style="color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN" %) (%%)(Hamza, 8/11/11, “USAID boss in Egypt quits in funding row,” http:~/~/www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5hm3Yz-nHqYCp3zRIizwj4a4lRE5w?docId=9444fa1d94c843c89e1e730a881d00c3, accessed 9/2/11, EEG) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) Still (% class="underline" style="background:yellow; mso-highlight:yellow" %)the U.S.-AND (%%)," she wrote several months ago. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)7. No impact – 5^^th^^ fleet solves. (% class="tag" %) (% class="cite" %)Vaughan, Express News, ‘11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (Vicki, “Suez Canal skirts unrest in Egypt,” 2-4-11, [[http:~~/~~/www.mysanantonio.com/business/article/Suez-Canal-skirts-unrest-in-Egypt-997497.php>>http://www.mysanantonio.com/business/article/Suez-Canal-skirts-unrest-in-Egypt-997497.php]], accessed 9-30-11) PM (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; " %)But (% class="underline" %)economists say the (% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)jitters(% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; " %), AND step in to supply the grain. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) NGOs want funding – high demand. (% class="tag" %) Essam El-Din, Ahram, 8-5-11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Gamal, “US aid to Egypt's civil society: a need, a blessing and a curse” [[http:~~/~~/english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/1/17749/Egypt/US-aid-to-Egypts-civil-society-a-need,-a-blessing-.aspx>>http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/1/17749/Egypt/US-aid-to-Egypts-civil-society-a-need,-a-blessing-.aspx]], accessed 10-23-11, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" %)Just a few weeks after Mubarak AND never seen in its modern history(%%).” (% class="tag" %) (% class="tag" %) Middle East conflict won’t spillover or escalate (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)Cook and Takeyh(%%), CFR Middle Eastern Studies senior fellow, 6-28-(% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;background:yellow;mso-highlight: yellow" %)07 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size:9.0pt" %)[Ray, and Steven A., Douglas Dillon fellow, "Why the Iraq war won't engulf the Mideast," http:~/~/www.cfr.org/publication/13702/] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size:9.0pt" %) (% class="card" %) (% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)Yet, (% class="underline" %)the (% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)Saudis, Iranians(%%)AND (% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)from enveloping the entire Middle East(%%).

  
  
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2ac - Politics Answers - Harvard

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• **China Bashing** (% class="MsoNormal" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) (% class="cite" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-size: 12pt; " %)Double bind – Obama veto solves or Senate triggers. (% class="MsoNormal" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) (% class="cite" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-size: 12pt; " %)Noble, Financial Times, 10-12-11 (% class="MsoNormal" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) (Josh, “China bill passes, currency falls,” http:~/~/blogs.ft.com/beyond-brics/2011/10/12/china-bill-passes-currency-falls/#axzz1bl2iu4WS, accessed 10-24-11, CMM) (% class="MsoNormal" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) (% class="card" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) (% class="underline" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; " %)The bill still has a long AND (%%)double dip, in our view. (% class="MsoNormal" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) (% class="tag" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) Boehner can’t stop china bashing now (% class="MsoNormal" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) (% class="cite" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-size: 12pt; " %)Hadar(%%), (% class="cite" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-size: 12pt; " %)Business Times Singapore Washington Correspondent(%%), (% class="cite" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-size: 12pt; " %)10-11(%%), 2011, (% class="MsoNormal" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) (Leon, "The preferred villain of US politicians on the make", Business Times Singapore, PAS) Accessed on LexisNexis 10-26-11 (% class="MsoNormal" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) (% class="card" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) (% class="underline" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; background- initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; " %)There are(%%) also (% class="underline" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %)signs of (% style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; background- initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; " %)a AND (%%)? in backing a similar legislation. (% class="MsoNormal" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) (% class="tag" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) Fiat solves the link (% class="MsoNormal" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) (% class="tag" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) Plan has massive bipartisan backing (% class="MsoNormal" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) (% class="cite" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-size: 12pt; " %)Democracy Digest, 9-8-11 (% class="MsoNormal" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) [“9/11 restored bipartisan consensus on strategic value of democracy assistance”, [[http:~~/~~/www.demdigest.net/blog/2011/09/911-restored-bipartisan-consensus-on-strategic-value-of-democracy-assistance/>>http://www.demdigest.net/blog/2011/09/911-restored-bipartisan-consensus-on-strategic-value-of-democracy-assistance/||style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; "]], accessed 9-14-11, AFB] (% class="MsoNormal" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) (% class="card" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) “The terrorist attack of AND (% class="underline" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; background- initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; " %)at home is worthy of note.” (% class="MsoNormal" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) (% class="tag" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) Vote no triggers the link (% class="MsoNormal" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) (% class="cite" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-size: 12pt; " %) (% class="MsoNormal" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) (% class="cite" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-size: 12pt; " %)Foreign policy wins boost domestic capital (% class="tag" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) (% style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; background- initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; " %)Marshall(%%), Miami University political science associate professor, (% style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; background- initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; " %)and Prins(%%), University of Tennessee Knoxville political science associate professor, (% style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; background- initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; " %)2011 (% class="MsoNormal" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) [Bryan and Brandon, 9-2011, Presidential Studies Quarterly, Vol 41 Issue 3, “Power or Posturing? Policy Availability and Congressional Influence on U.S. Presidential Decisions to Use Force” Wiley-Blackwell, p.525, accessed 7-30-11, TAP] (% class="card" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) (% class="underline" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; " %) (% class="card" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) (% class="underline" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; background- initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; " %)Presidents rely(% class="underline" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) heavily (% style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; background- initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; " %)on Congress in AND capital at home (%%)(Fordham 2002). (% class="MsoNormal" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) (% class="MsoNormal" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) (% class="cite" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-size: 12pt; " %)No reason political capital spills over between unrelated issues (% class="MsoNormal" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) (% class="cite" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-size: 12pt; " %) (% class="tag" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) Capital not key – he will use carrots. (% class="MsoNormal" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) (% class="cite" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-size: 12pt; " %)Strong, Roll Call, 10-26-11 (% class="MsoNormal" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) [Jonathan, Roll Call, “Land Swap Bill Could Help Gosar for 2012”, Lexis, AFB] (% class="MsoNormal" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) (% class="card" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) The latest filings with the Federal Election Commission show Kirkpatrick raised $232,000 during the third quarter while Gosar raised $201,000. Kirkpatrick also has an edge in cash on hand over Gosar by more than $100,000, and she has no debts. (% class="card" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) Add in a series of embarrassing troubles Gosar has had with staff turmoil, and (% class="underline" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %)there's a definite case for Republicans to give the first-term lawmaker a big win on the House floor. (% class="card" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) Meanwhile(% class="underline" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %), (% style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; background- initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; " %)Gosar has voted with GOP leadership on a series of tough votes, including on raising the debt ceiling and on a stopgap spending bill (%%)that was defeated on the House floor. (% class="card" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) (% class="underline" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %)With top-ranking GOP lawmakers AND (% style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; background- initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; " %)see as a leadership "carrot." (% class="card" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) "The Speaker again has chosen the prudent course and said, 'Look, we're not gonna punish them, we're not gonna make martyrs out of them, but maybe if there's some major piece of legislation, maybe they're not the person leading the floor fight on that major piece of legislation,'" Rep. Steven LaTourette (R-Ohio) told Roll Call. (% class="MsoNormal" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) (% class="tag" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) China bashing won’t escalate (% class="MsoNormal" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) (% class="cite" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-size: 12pt; " %)Richburg, Washington Post Reporter, 10-19,(%%) 2011, (% class="MsoNormal" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) (Keith, "China-bashing nothing new", Washington Post, PAS) [[www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia-pacific/china-bashing-nothing-new/2011/10/13/gIQATlUrwL_story.html?wprss>>http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia-pacific/china-bashing-nothing-new/2011/10/13/gIQATlUrwL_story.html?wprss||style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; "]]= 10-26-11 (% class="MsoNormal" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) (% class="MsoNormal" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) (% class="card" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) But (% class="underline" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; background- initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; " %)economists(% class="underline" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %), business people and AND (%%)they’ve been negotiating these for years.” **Jackson Vanik** (% class="tag" %) 2. No uniqueness or internal link – no shot of compromise on repeal, and no push now (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Herrera, Yoshiko Margaret Herrera is Director, Center for Russia, Eastern Europe and Central Asia director & University of Wisconsin-Madison political science professor, 10-27-11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Yoshiko Margaret, “Jackson-Vanik Amendment will live on”, [[http:~~/~~/valdaiclub.com/usa/33561.html>>http://valdaiclub.com/usa/33561.html]], accessed 10-29-11, AFB] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) As is well known, the AND (% class="underline" style="background:aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %)Jackson-Vanik will live on(% class="underline" %). (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %) (% class="tag" %) 6. Plan has massive bipartisan backing (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Democracy Digest, 9-8-11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [“9/11 restored bipartisan consensus on strategic value of democracy assistance”, [[http:~~/~~/www.demdigest.net/blog/2011/09/911-restored-bipartisan-consensus-on-strategic-value-of-democracy-assistance/>>http://www.demdigest.net/blog/2011/09/911-restored-bipartisan-consensus-on-strategic-value-of-democracy-assistance/]], accessed 9-14-11, AFB] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) “The terrorist attack of AND (% class="underline" style="background:aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %)at home is worthy of note.” (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)8. Foreign policy wins boost domestic capital (% class="tag" %) (% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)Marshall(%%), Miami University political science associate professor, (% style="background: yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)and Prins(%%), University of Tennessee Knoxville political science associate professor, (% style="background:yellow; mso-highlight:yellow" %)2011 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Bryan and Brandon, 9-2011, Presidential Studies Quarterly, Vol 41 Issue 3, “Power or Posturing? Policy Availability and Congressional Influence on U.S. Presidential Decisions to Use Force” Wiley-Blackwell, p.525, accessed 7-30-11, TAP] (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" style="text-decoration:none" %) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" style="background:aqua;mso-highlight: aqua" %)Presidents rely(% class="underline" %) heavily (% style="background:aqua;mso-highlight: aqua" %)on Congress in AND capital at home(% style="background: aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %) (%%)(Fordham 2002). (% style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-size: 87.5%; margin-right: 200px; margin-left: 200px; padding-right: 25px; padding-bottom: 25px; padding-left: 25px; background-color: rgb(214, 225, 231); background- none !important; height: auto !important; min-height: 0px !important; min-width: 970px; overflow-x: visible !important; overflow-y: visible !important; width: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline; " %) ((( )))

  
  
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2ac - Cred Case Cards

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• **Egypt Key** (% class="tag" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) Egypt provides a critical opportunity to restore US credibility in the Middle East – the US must reorient its democracy assistance programs to overcome years of neglect. (% class="tag" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) Snider and Faris, Middle East Policy Council, 2011 (% class="MsoNormal" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) [Erin and David, “The Arab Spring: U.S. Democracy Promotion in Egypt” [[http:~~/~~/www.mepc.org/journal/middle-east-policy-archives/arab-spring-us-democracy-promotion-egypt?print>>http://www.mepc.org/journal/middle-east-policy-archives/arab-spring-us-democracy-promotion-egypt?print||style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; "]], accessed 9-27-11, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) (% class="card" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) (% class="underline" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; " %)Democracy promotion (% class="underline" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %)in the Middle East(% style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; background- initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; " %) AND (%%), given deteriorating socioeconomic conditions."39 (% class="MsoNormal" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) (% class="MsoNormal" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) (% class="tag" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) Action in the Middle East gives Obama valuable cards – the plan outweighs the alt causes. (% class="tag" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) Young, Daily Star (Beruit) editor, 2011 (% class="MsoNormal" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) [Michael, 8-25-11, “Arab Spring gives US a new chance in the Middle East” [[http:~~/~~/www.thenational.ae/thenationalconversation/comment/arab-spring-gives-us-a-new-chance-in-the-middle-east?pageCount=0>>http://www.thenational.ae/thenationalconversation/comment/arab-spring-gives-us-a-new-chance-in-the-middle-east?pageCount=0||style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; "]], accessed 9-23-11, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) **AT: Palestine Vote** (% style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-size: 87.5%; margin-right: 200px; margin-left: 200px; padding-right: 25px; padding-bottom: 25px; padding-left: 25px; background-color: rgb(214, 225, 231); background- none !important; height: auto !important; min-height: 0px !important; min-width: 970px; overflow-x: visible !important; overflow-y: visible !important; width: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline; " %) ((( (% class="tag" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-size: 14px; " %) Vetos are inevitable – that shields the US – Palestine won’t get suffiecient yes votes. (% class="tag" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-size: 14px; " %) NacFarouhar, NYT, 9-21-11 (% class="MsoNormal" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-size: 14px; " %) [Neil, former UN bureau chief, “France Breaks With Obama on Palestinian Statehood Issue” [[http:~~/~~/www.nytimes.com/2011/09/22/world/middleeast/france-breaks-with-obama-on-palestinian-statehood-issue.html>>http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/22/world/middleeast/france-breaks-with-obama-on-palestinian-statehood-issue.html||style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; "]], accessed 10-23-11, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-size: 14px; " %) (% class="card" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-size: 14px; " %) Alain (% class="underline" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %)Juppé, the French foreign AND (% style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; background- initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; " %)can muster the needed 9 votes(%%). (% class="MsoNormal" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-size: 14px; " %) (% class="tag" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-size: 14px; " %) Vote won’t kill cred – inevitably delayed. (% class="tag" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-size: 14px; " %) Shamir, Haaretz, 9-20-11 (% class="MsoNormal" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-size: 14px; " %) [Shlomo, “Report: UN vote on Palestinian statehood might be delayed for weeks” [[http:~~/~~/www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/report-un-vote-on-palestinian-statehood-might-be-delayed-for-weeks-1.385632>>http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/report-un-vote-on-palestinian-statehood-might-be-delayed-for-weeks-1.385632||style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; "]], accessed 10-23-11, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-size: 14px; " %) (% class="card" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-size: 14px; " %) (% class="underline" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; background- initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; " %)The upcoming United Nations votes on AND diplomatic bargaining (% class="underline" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %)with the United States(%%). (% class="MsoNormal" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-size: 14px; " %) ))) (% class="card" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) Barack (% class="underline" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %)Obama has not faced the AND an Arab world in thrilling flux(%%). **AT: Palestine (Generally)** (% class="tag" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) Egypt provides a critical opportunity to restore US credibility in the Middle East – the US must reorient its democracy assistance programs to overcome years of neglect. (% class="tag" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) Snider and Faris, Middle East Policy Council, 2011 (% class="MsoNormal" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) [Erin and David, “The Arab Spring: U.S. Democracy Promotion in Egypt” [[http:~~/~~/www.mepc.org/journal/middle-east-policy-archives/arab-spring-us-democracy-promotion-egypt?print>>http://www.mepc.org/journal/middle-east-policy-archives/arab-spring-us-democracy-promotion-egypt?print||style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; "]], accessed 9-27-11, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) (% class="card" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) (% class="underline" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; background- initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; " %)Democracy promotion (% class="underline" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %)in the Middle East(% style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; background- initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; " %) AND (%%), given deteriorating socioeconomic conditions."39 (% class="MsoNormal" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) (% class="MsoNormal" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) (% class="tag" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) Action in the Middle East gives Obama valuable cards – the plan outweighs the alt causes. (% class="tag" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) Young, Daily Star (Beruit) editor, 2011 (% class="MsoNormal" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) [Michael, 8-25-11, “Arab Spring gives US a new chance in the Middle East” [[http:~~/~~/www.thenational.ae/thenationalconversation/comment/arab-spring-gives-us-a-new-chance-in-the-middle-east?pageCount=0>>http://www.thenational.ae/thenationalconversation/comment/arab-spring-gives-us-a-new-chance-in-the-middle-east?pageCount=0||style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; "]], accessed 9-23-11, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) (% class="card" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) Barack (% class="underline" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %)Obama has not faced the AND an Arab world in thrilling flux(%%). (% class="MsoNormal" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) (% class="MsoNormal" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) (% class="tag" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) Supporting democracy is key – to say Arab-Israeli peace trumps is to misunderstand Middle Eastern grievances. (% class="tag" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) Hamid, Brookings Doha Center research director, 2011 (% class="MsoNormal" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) [Shadi, 4-26-11, “The Struggle for Middle East Democracy” [[http:~~/~~/www.brookings.edu/articles/2011/0426_middle_east_hamid.aspx>>http://www.brookings.edu/articles/2011/0426_middle_east_hamid.aspx||style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; "]], accessed 9-24-11, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) (% class="card" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) This was the Arab world that AND for a more ‘credible’ result. (% style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) (% style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %)**Harvard:** (% class="tag" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) Palestine isn’t the central issue – it is democracy. (% class="tag" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) Joffe, Hoover Institute Marc and Anita Abramowitz international relations fellow, 2011 (% class="MsoNormal" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) [Josef, 4-26-11, “The Arab Spring and The Palestine Distraction” [[http:~~/~~/www.hoover.org/news/daily-report/76576>>http://www.hoover.org/news/daily-report/76576||style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; "]], accessed 9-23-11, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) (% class="card" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %) (% class="underline" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; " %)In politics, (% style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; background- initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; " %)shoddy theories never AND (%%)the Palestinian sore fester for generations.

  
  
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Harvard Policy 1ac

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• (% class="BlockTitle" %) **Plan Text** (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)**The United States Federal Government should provide necessary support and training for transparency and accountability of government institutions, including active public and government internal monitoring, for Egypt.** (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; " %)__ __ (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)**Contention 1 – Credibility** (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Credibility is declining because of inaction on the Arab Spring – the plan is key to reverse perceptions of US failures and boost soft power (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;background:aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %)Hamid, Brookings Doha Center Research Director, 11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (Shadi, 10-1-11, “What Obama and American Liberals Don’t Understand About the Arab Spring,” http:~/~/www.brookings.edu/opinions/2011/1001_obama_hamid.aspx, accessed 10-11-11, CMM) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" %)Throughout the Arab spring, analysts AND (%%)ones who need to do it.” (% class="tag" %) (% style="font-size: 10pt; " %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)No alt causes – Egypt is key (% class="tag" %) (% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)Satloff, Washington Institute executive director(%%), 9-13-(% style="background: yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Robert, “Needed: High-Level U.S. Attention to the Dire Situation in Egypt” [[http:~~/~~/www.washingtoninstitute.org/templateC06.php?CID=1714>>http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/templateC06.php?CID=1714]], accessed 9-27-11, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight: yellow" %)For the U(% class="underline" %)nited (% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight: yellow" %)S(%%)tates, (% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)the AND in the region collapses as wel(% style="background:yellow; mso-highlight:yellow" %)l(%%). (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:.1pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.1pt; margin-left:0in;mso-para-margin-top:.01gd;mso-para-margin-right:0in;mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd;mso-para-margin-left:0in" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)Soft power is key to effective coalitions that solve conflicts and global problems (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10pt; background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow" %)Reiss(% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %), (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10pt; background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow" %)William and Mary Vice Provost of IA(% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %), (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10pt; background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow" %)8 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (Mitchell B., From 2003 to 2005, he was Director of Policy Planning at the State Department, “Restoring America's Image: What the Next President Can Do”, Survival, October, 50(5), pages 107, 108, ebsco, accessed 10-1-11, CMM) (% class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:.1pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.1pt; margin-left:0in;mso-para-margin-top:.01gd;mso-para-margin-right:0in;mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd;mso-para-margin-left:0in" %) (% style="font-family:~"Times~",~"serif~"; mso-bidi-font-family:~"Times New Roman~"" %) (% class="card" %) But first, there is another AND (% class="underline" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)more to enhance peace and security(% class="underline" %). (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px; " %)**Contention 2 is Egypt** (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Corruption makes instability inevitable. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)Young, BBC (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)World Service business reporter, 9-15-(% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10pt; background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow" %)11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (Rob, “Egyptians still await economic change,” http:~/~/www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-14907631, accessed 9-19-11, CMM) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) 'Further uprising' (% class="underline" style="background: aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %)January's protesters(%%) also (% class="underline" style="background:aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %)demanded AND be (% class="Emphasis2" style="background:aqua;mso-highlight: aqua" %)further(% class="underline" style="background:aqua; mso-highlight:aqua" %) uprising,(% class="underline" %)"(%%) she says. (% class="MsoNormal" %) *Yasmine El Rashidi, a former Middle East correspondent for //The Wall Street Journal//, has written for// The Washington Post// etc. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) Corruption kills Egyptian small business – that’s key to growth. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)Hubbard, Columbia Finance and Economics professor, 11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; " %)(Glenn, worked as an economic advisor under Bush, Chairman of Economic Policy on the OECD’s Economic Policy Committee, “A Marshall Plan for the Middle East,” 2-28-11, [[(% class="cite cite cite cite cite cite cite cite cite cite cite cite cite" style="font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 10pt" %)http:~~/~~/glennhubbard.net/commentary-and-op-eds/322-a-marshall-plan-for-the-middle-east.html>>http://glennhubbard.net/commentary-and-op-eds/322-a-marshall-plan-for-the-middle-east.html]](%%), accessed 9-10-11) PM (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; " %) (% class="card" %) The recent and current upheavals in AND (% class="underline" style="background:aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %)stability(% class="underline" %) (%%)the world has ever known. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Transparency is key to the democratic transition – prevents cooption (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)Hanna, fellow (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)and program officer (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10pt; background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow" %)at The Century Foundation(% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %), 7-14-(% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10pt; background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow" %)11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (Michael Wahid, he focuses on issues of international security, human rights, post-conflict justice and U.S. foreign policy in the broader Middle East, *No Date included on webpage – the date of 7-14-11 was taken from when this article was posted on the Huffington Post, “Why The Past Is Crucial To Egypt's Future,” http:~/~/www.aucegypt.edu/gapp/cairoreview/Pages/articleDetails.aspx?aid=78, accessed 9-25-11, CMM) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" %)As Egypt’s post-revolutionary politics AND (% class="Emphasis2" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)the intentions of the transitional authorities(% class="Emphasis2" %). (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)A successful Egyptian democratic transition is key to the success and future promotion of the US model of democracy. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;background:aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %)Mitchell(% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %), (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10pt; background: aqua; mso-highlight: aqua" %)former Chief of Party for the NDI in Georgia(% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %), 10-4-(% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10pt; background: aqua; mso-highlight: aqua" %)11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (Lincoln, National Democratic Institute Mitchell worked on political development issues in the former Soviet Union, Eastern Europe, the Caribbean, the Middle East, Africa and Asia, “Arab Spring tests ‘relevance and impact’ of democracy assistance,” http:~/~/www.demdigest.net/blog/2011/10/arab-spring-tests-relevance-and-impact-of-democracy-assistance/, accessed 10-6-11, CMM) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) It is difficult to believe that AND in this work and its value. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Egyptian democratization is key to reverse a rise global authoritarianism (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;background:aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %)Puddington, director of research at Freedom House(% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %), 10-7-(% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10pt; background: aqua; mso-highlight: aqua" %)11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (Arch, Democracy Digest, “Can Arab Spring check new authoritarians’ momentum?,” http:~/~/www.demdigest.net/blog/2011/10/can-arab-spring-check-new-authoritarians-momentum/, accessed 10-9-11, CMM) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" style="background:aqua;mso-highlight: aqua" %)The role of the West in AND the cause of freedom everywhere else(%%). (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) Democracy is key to solve nuclear war and extinction (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Larry (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10pt; background: aqua; mso-highlight: aqua" %)Diamond(% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %), Hoover Institution Senior Fellow, (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10pt; background: aqua; mso-highlight: aqua" %)'95 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size:9.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)[Stanford Univ. Political Science and Sociology professor, former Baghdad CPA senior adviser, (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size:9.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)"Promoting Democracy in the 1990s," [[http:~~/~~/wwics.si.edu/subsites/ccpdc/pubs/di/fr.htm>>http://wwics.si.edu/subsites/ccpdc/pubs/di/fr.htm]]] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size:9.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight: yellow" %)Nuclear(%%), chemical, (% class="underline" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)and biological AND (%%)security and prosperity can be built. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) Democratic peace theory is empirically proven (% class="tag" %) (% style="background:aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %)Dafoe(%%), UCal (% style="background:aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %)Berkeley political science Ph.D candidate(%%), (% style="background:aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %)11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Allan, Midwest Political Science Association, American Journal of Political Science, Vol 55 No 2 April 2011, “Statistical Critiques of the Democratic Peace: Caveat Emptor” [[http:~~/~~/onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00487.x/pdf>>http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00487.x/pdf]], p.247-8, accessed 10-27-11, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) The “democratic peace”—(% class="underline" %)the AND (%%)and Bennett 2004; Ray 1995). (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)That’s key to check China’s pushes for authoritarianism in Asia, collapsing the effectiveness of multilateral institutions and US influence, causing conflict (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;background:aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %)Kurlantzick, CFR Southeast Asia fellow(% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %), 9-24-(% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10pt; background: aqua; mso-highlight: aqua" %)11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (Joshua, “Long Arm of China,” http:~/~/www.cfr.org/china/long-arm-china/p26075, accessed 10-15-11, CMM) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" %)For decades, foreign observers and AND (%%)to promote democracy in their neighborhoods. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)US presence is key to check South China Sea conflicts from escalating (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)Denmark, CNAS Fellow(% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %), and Kliman, CNAS Visiting Fellow, (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10pt; background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow" %)11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (Abraham M., Daniel M., Center for a New American Security, “How to Get Southeast Asia Right,” http:~/~/the-diplomat.com/2011/02/02/how-to-get-southeast-asia-right/?all=true, accessed 10-9-11, CMM) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) And (% class="underline" style="background:yellow; mso-highlight:yellow" %)there’s another reason the U(%%)nited (% class="underline" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)AND coordination and(%%) therefore (% class="underline" style="background:yellow; mso-highlight:yellow" %)promote confidence building(%%). (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Impact is Armageddon (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)Blumenthal et al,(% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %) current (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10pt; background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow" %)commissioner(% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %) and former vice chairman (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10pt; background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow" %)of the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission,(% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %) 9-6-(% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10pt; background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow" %)11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (Dan, member of the Project 2049 Institute’s Board of Advisors, was senior director for China, Taiwan, and Mongolia in the Secretary of Defense's Office of International Security Affairs; Mark Stokes is executive director of the Project 2049 Institute; Michael Mazza is a senior research associate in foreign and defense policy studies at AEI; Foreign Policy, “Avoiding Armageddon with China,” http:~/~/shadow.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2011/09/06/avoiding_armageddon_with_china, accessed 9-7-11, CMM) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) The paper argues that it (% class="underline" %)is AND (%%)fear, (% class="Emphasis2" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)would lead to Armageddon(%%). (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %) (% style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:~"Times New Roman~",~"serif~"; mso-fareast-font-family:~"Times New Roman~";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-font-kerning:16.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US; mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" %)**__ __**(% class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px; " %)**Contention 3 is Solvency** (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Expanding transparency efforts are key to solve institutional change in Egypt. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;background:aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %)Sullivan(% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %), Ph.D., the (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10pt; background: aqua; mso-highlight: aqua" %)Executive Director of(% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %) the Center for International Private Enterprise ((% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10pt; background: aqua; mso-highlight: aqua" %)CIPE(% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)), (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10pt; background: aqua; mso-highlight: aqua" %)11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (John D, 2-23-11, Project on Middle East Democracy, “Rethinking Development Assistance in the Middle East,” pages3-4, http:~/~/pomed.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/policy-brief-series_sullivan.pdf, accessed 9-25-11, CMM) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) In a section highlighting the need AND (% class="underline" style="background:aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %)business, (%%)especially in public procurement. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) Egypt would accept aid. (% class="tag" %) (% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)Terrill(%%), Strategic Studies Institute Middle East specialist, 8-2-(% style="background: yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Andrew, phd, “The Arab Spring and the Future of U.S. Interests and Cooperative Security in the Arab World” [[http:~~/~~/www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/index.cfm/articles/The-Arab-Spring-and-the-Future-of-US-Interests/2011/8/2#bahrain>>http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/index.cfm/articles/The-Arab-Spring-and-the-Future-of-US-Interests/2011/8/2#bahrain]], accessed 8-8-11, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" %)If Egypt does seek an enhanced AND (%%)already experiencing disunity and splintering.14 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) The US has key anti corruption infrastructure (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;background:aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %)Diamond(% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %), Senior fellow at the Hoover Institute, ‘(% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10pt; background: aqua; mso-highlight: aqua" %)8 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; " %)(Larry, “End Foreign Aid As We Know It,” //Democracy Journal//, No 8, Spring 2008, [[(% class="cite cite cite cite cite cite cite cite cite cite cite cite cite" style="font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 10pt" %)http:~~/~~/www.democracyjournal.org/8/6584.php>>http://www.democracyjournal.org/8/6584.php]](%%), accessed 9-1-11) PM (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) But these new principles still govern AND and thus slow to send money. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Egypt will accept the aid out of economic interests (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;background:aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %)Terrill(% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %), joined the Strategic Studies Institute in October 2001, and is (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10pt; background: aqua; mso-highlight: aqua" %)SSI's Middle East specialist,(% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %) 8-2-(% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10pt; background: aqua; mso-highlight: aqua" %)11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (Dr. Andrew, served as a Middle East nonproliferation analyst for the International Assessments Division of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, “The Arab Spring and the Future of U.S. Interests and Cooperative Security in the Arab World,” http:~/~/www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/index.cfm/articles/The-Arab-Spring-and-the-Future-of-US-Interests/2011/8/2, accessed 8-22-11, CMM) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) The Arab Spring has sometimes brought AND (% class="underline" %)that is vital to both countries(%%).

  
  
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Round Reports

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• == Mary Washington PS Neg == === Round # 1 === === Vs Team: Wake BC === === Judge: Pat Waldinger === (% class="MsoNormal" %) === Case Args: === (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) Alt Causes to Credibility/Relations (% class="MsoNormal" %) Say No (% class="MsoNormal" %) Backlash (% class="MsoNormal" %) === Off Case Args: === (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) Saudi Deficit Spending DA (% class="MsoNormal" %) China Bashing DA (% class="MsoNormal" %) CP to Fund Aerospace Industry (% class="MsoNormal" %) === Block Strategy: === (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) CP (% class="MsoNormal" %) China Bashing (% class="MsoNormal" %) Case (% class="MsoNormal" %) === 2nr Strategy: === (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) CP (% class="MsoNormal" %) China Bashing (% class="MsoNormal" %) Case

  
  
• 
  
  

USC 1ac-Round 4-Tunisia Transparency

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• (% class="BlockTitle" %) Plan Text (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)**The United States Federal Government should provide necessary support and training for transparency and accountability of government institutions, including active public and government internal monitoring, for Tunisia.** (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; " %)__ __(% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial" %)Credibility (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)**Contention 1 – Credibility** (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Credibility is declining because of inaction on the Arab Spring – the plan is key to reverse perceptions of US failures and boost soft power (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;background:aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %)Hamid, Brookings Doha Center Research Director, 11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (Shadi, 10-1-11, “What Obama and American Liberals Don’t Understand About the Arab Spring,” http:~/~/www.brookings.edu/opinions/2011/1001_obama_hamid.aspx, accessed 10-11-11, CMM) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" %)Throughout the Arab spring, analysts AND (%%)ones who need to do it.” (% class="tag" %) (% style="font-size: 10pt; " %) (% class="tag" %) No alt causes – Tunisia is key, it is the bellwether for Middle East democracy. (% class="tag" %) (% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)Carpenter(%%), Washington Institute Keston family fellow, 20(% style="background:yellow; mso-highlight:yellow" %)11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [J. Scott, “Help Tunisia First” [[http:~~/~~/www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/02/24/help_tunisia_first?page=full>>http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/02/24/help_tunisia_first?page=full]], accessed 12-24-11, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" %)Tunisians took back their country(%%) on AND (% class="underline" %)their Tunisian counterparts of American support(%%). (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) Credibility deters Iranian aggression. (% class="tag" %) (% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)Alterman, CSIS senior fellow, 11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Jon, former Department of State Policy planning staff, CSIS Middle East program director and senior fellow “Fierce or Feeble: Persian Gulf assessments of U.S. power” section within Capacity and Resolve: Foreign Assessments of U.S. Power, [[http:~~/~~/csis.org/files/publication/110613_Cohen_CapacityResolve_Web.pdf>>http://csis.org/files/publication/110613_Cohen_CapacityResolve_Web.pdf]], p.69-70, accessed 9-30-11, T(% style="text-transform:uppercase" %)AP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) Whatever the actual cost, and AND (% class="underline" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)discrete set of actions and statements(%%). (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) Containment fails – only credibility can counter Iranian influence (% class="tag" %) (% style="background:aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %)Lynch, CNAS(%%) non-resident senior (% style="background:aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %)fellow, 11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Mark, Center for New American Security, George Washington University associate political science professor and Middle East studies program director, Foreign Policy Middle East Channel editor, June 2011, “Upheaval U.S. Policy Toward Iran in a Changing Middle East” [[http:~~/~~/www.cnas.org/files/documents/publications/CNAS_Upheaval_Lynch_2.pdf>>http://www.cnas.org/files/documents/publications/CNAS_Upheaval_Lynch_2.pdf]], p.5-6, accessed 9-26-11, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" %)America’s interest in preventing Iran from AND (% style="background:aqua; mso-highlight:aqua" %)effort to contain Iran ever did(%%). (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) Otherwise Iran miscalculates (% class="tag" %) (% style="background:aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %)Lynch, CNAS(%%) non-resident senior (% style="background:aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %)fellow, 11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (Mark, Center for New American Security, George Washington University associate political science professor and Middle East studies program director, Foreign Policy Middle East Channel editor, June 2011, “Upheaval U.S. Policy Toward Iran in a Changing Middle East” [[http:~~/~~/www.cnas.org/files/documents/publications/CNAS_Upheaval_Lynch_2.pdf>>http://www.cnas.org/files/documents/publications/CNAS_Upheaval_Lynch_2.pdf]], accessed 11-11-11) PM (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) As it struggles to recalibrate its AND (% class="underline" style="background:aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %)sudden and game-changing war(%%). (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Middle East war draws in great powers – no checks on escalation. (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10pt; background: aqua; mso-highlight: aqua" %)RUSSELL, Department of National Security Affairs senior lecturer(% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %) at NPS, (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10pt; background: aqua; mso-highlight: aqua" %)9 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [James A., , focused on Middle East security affairs, terrorism, and national security strategy. “Strategic Stability Reconsidered: Prospects for Nuclear War and Escalation in the Middle East” Spring http:~/~/www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&cd=1&sqi=2&ved=0CBMQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.edu%2FAcademics%2Fcenters%2FCCC%2Ffaculty%2Fbiolinks%2Frussell%2FPP26_Russell_2009.pdf&rct=j&q=Strategic%20Stability%20Reconsidered%3A%20Prospects%20for%20Nuclear%20War%20and%20Escalation%20in%20the%20Middle%20East%22&ei=y_dbTcmfD4K0lQeY7cTkCQ&usg=AFQjCNGBgAt5-o6WwVPg7b503iUYltj2nw&sig2=9rGfIq5oVZNvgR8pn8vhvA, page 41, accessed 2-16-11, CMM] \\ (% class="card" %) Strategic (% class="underline" style="background:aqua; mso-highlight:aqua" %)stability (% class="underline" %)in the region (% style="background: aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %)is(% style="background:aqua; mso-highlight:aqua" %) (%%)AND (% class="underline" %)substantial (% style="background:aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %)risk for the entire world(%%). (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Their defense is outdated – high risk of escalation (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;background:aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %)London, President of the Hudson Institute, ‘10 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; " %)(Herbert, “The Coming Crisis in the Middle East,” 6-23-10, [[(% class="cite cite cite cite cite cite cite cite cite" style="font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 10pt" %)http:~~/~~/www.hudson.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=publication_details&id=7101&pubType=HI_Opeds>>http://www.hudson.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=publication_details&id=7101&pubType=HI_Opeds]](%%), accessed 11-11-11) PM (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; " %) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" style="background:aqua;mso-highlight: aqua" %)The(% class="underline" %) gathering (% style="background:aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %)storm in the Middle AND That is a(%%) truly (% style="background:aqua; mso-highlight:aqua" %)bad sign(%%). (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:~"Times New Roman~",~"serif~"; mso-fareast-font-family:~"Times New Roman~";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-font-kerning:16.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US; mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" %)**__ __**(%%)Tunisia (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Contention 2 is Tunisia (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) Corruption now makes backsliding inevitable. (% class="tag" %) Paciello, Istituto Affari Internazionali Rome research assistant, 2011 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Maria, La Sapienza University of Rome economic and political geography of development lecturer, MEDPRO technical report 3, May 2011, “Tunisia: Changes and Challenges of Political Transition” [[http:~~/~~/www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&ved=0CCkQFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ceps.be%2Fceps%2Fdownload%2F5632&ei=Ycn6TueuMoru0gGijenHAg&usg=AFQjCNHauKqRRmdTSINJrWxApzWBRTifmg&sig2=eqnddkqX7JVbupmToE5FWQ>>http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&ved=0CCkQFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ceps.be%2Fceps%2Fdownload%2F5632&ei=Ycn6TueuMoru0gGijenHAg&usg=AFQjCNHauKqRRmdTSINJrWxApzWBRTifmg&sig2=eqnddkqX7JVbupmToE5FWQ]], p.21, accessed 12-27-11, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) As seen above, (% class="underline" style="background: yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)Tunisia is AND , particularly in the interior regions(%%). (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) Transparency assistance in Tunisia would solve democracy. (% class="tag" %) (% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)Cordesman(%%), CSIS Burke Strategy chair, 8-22-(% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight: yellow" %)11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Anthony, DOD distinguished service medal recipient, “Next Steps in Libya (Egypt, Tunisia, and Other States with New Regimes)” [[http:~~/~~/csis.org/publication/next-steps-libya-egypt-tunisia-and-other-states-new-regimes>>http://csis.org/publication/next-steps-libya-egypt-tunisia-and-other-states-new-regimes]], accessed 12-23-11, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) A Decisive Case for US Aid AND eyes without sacrificing real security concerns. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)A successful Tunisian democratic transition is key to the success and future promotion of the US model of democracy. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;background:aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %)Mitchell(% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %), (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10pt; background: aqua; mso-highlight: aqua" %)former Chief of Party for the NDI in Georgia(% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %), 10-4-(% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10pt; background: aqua; mso-highlight: aqua" %)11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (Lincoln, National Democratic Institute Mitchell worked on political development issues in the former Soviet Union, Eastern Europe, the Caribbean, the Middle East, Africa and Asia, “Arab Spring tests ‘relevance and impact’ of democracy assistance,” http:~/~/www.demdigest.net/blog/2011/10/arab-spring-tests-relevance-and-impact-of-democracy-assistance/, accessed 10-6-11, CMM) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) It is difficult to believe that AND in this work and its value. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Tunisian democratization is key to reverse a rise global authoritarianism (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;background:aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %)Puddington, director of research at Freedom House(% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %), 10-7-(% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10pt; background: aqua; mso-highlight: aqua" %)11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (Arch, Democracy Digest, “Can Arab Spring check new authoritarians’ momentum?,” http:~/~/www.demdigest.net/blog/2011/10/can-arab-spring-check-new-authoritarians-momentum/, accessed 10-9-11, CMM) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" style="background:aqua;mso-highlight: aqua" %)The role of the West in AND the cause of freedom everywhere else(%%). (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) Democracy is key to solve nuclear war and extinction (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Larry (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10pt; background: aqua; mso-highlight: aqua" %)Diamond(% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %), Hoover Institution Senior Fellow, (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10pt; background: aqua; mso-highlight: aqua" %)'95 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size:9.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)[Stanford Univ. Political Science and Sociology professor, former Baghdad CPA senior adviser, (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size:9.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)"Promoting Democracy in the 1990s," [[http:~~/~~/wwics.si.edu/subsites/ccpdc/pubs/di/fr.htm>>http://wwics.si.edu/subsites/ccpdc/pubs/di/fr.htm]]] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size:9.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight: yellow" %)Nuclear(%%), chemical, (% class="underline" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)and biological AND (%%)security and prosperity can be built. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)That’s key to check China’s pushes for authoritarianism in Asia, collapsing the effectiveness of multilateral institutions and US influence, causing conflict (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;background:aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %)Kurlantzick, CFR Southeast Asia fellow(% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %), 9-24-(% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10pt; background: aqua; mso-highlight: aqua" %)11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (Joshua, “Long Arm of China,” http:~/~/www.cfr.org/china/long-arm-china/p26075, accessed 10-15-11, CMM) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" %)For decades, foreign observers and AND (%%)to promote democracy in their neighborhoods. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)US presence is key to check South China Sea conflicts from escalating (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)Denmark, CNAS Fellow(% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %), and Kliman, CNAS Visiting Fellow, (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10pt; background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow" %)11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (Abraham M., Daniel M., Center for a New American Security, “How to Get Southeast Asia Right,” http:~/~/the-diplomat.com/2011/02/02/how-to-get-southeast-asia-right/?all=true, accessed 10-9-11, CMM) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) And (% class="underline" style="background:yellow; mso-highlight:yellow" %)there’s another reason the U(%%)nited (% class="underline" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)AND coordination and(%%) therefore (% class="underline" style="background:yellow; mso-highlight:yellow" %)promote confidence building(%%). (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Impact is extinction. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)Blumenthal et al,(% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %) current (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10pt; background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow" %)commissioner(% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %) and former vice chairman (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10pt; background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow" %)of the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission,(% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %) 9-6-(% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10pt; background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow" %)11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (Dan, member of the Project 2049 Institute’s Board of Advisors, was senior director for China, Taiwan, and Mongolia in the Secretary of Defense's Office of International Security Affairs; Mark Stokes is executive director of the Project 2049 Institute; Michael Mazza is a senior research associate in foreign and defense policy studies at AEI; Foreign Policy, “Avoiding Armageddon with China,” http:~/~/shadow.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2011/09/06/avoiding_armageddon_with_china, accessed 9-7-11, CMM) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) The paper argues that it (% class="underline" %)is AND (%%)fear, (% class="Emphasis2" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)would lead to Armageddon(%%). (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %) (% style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:~"Times New Roman~",~"serif~"; mso-fareast-font-family:~"Times New Roman~";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-font-kerning:16.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US; mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" %)**__ __**(%%)Solvency (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Contention 3 is Solvency (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Expanding transparency efforts are key to solve institutional change in Tunisia. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;background:aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %)Sullivan(% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %), Ph.D., the (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10pt; background: aqua; mso-highlight: aqua" %)Executive Director of(% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %) the Center for International Private Enterprise ((% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10pt; background: aqua; mso-highlight: aqua" %)CIPE(% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)), (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10pt; background: aqua; mso-highlight: aqua" %)11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (John D, 2-23-11, Project on Middle East Democracy, “Rethinking Development Assistance in the Middle East,” pages3-4, http:~/~/pomed.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/policy-brief-series_sullivan.pdf, accessed 9-25-11, CMM) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) In a section highlighting the need AND (% class="underline" style="background:aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %)business, (%%)especially in public procurement. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) Tunisians will accept anti-corruption assistance. (% class="tag" %) (% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)Uwimana(%%), Transparency International Africa and Middle East regional director, 20(% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Chantal, 4-8-11, “Transparency International in Tunisia” [[http:~~/~~/blog.transparency.org/2011/04/08/transparency-international-in-tunisia/>>http://blog.transparency.org/2011/04/08/transparency-international-in-tunisia/]], accessed 12-19-11, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) Now that the dictatorship is overAND (% class="underline" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)even worse than under Ben Ali(%%). (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) The US has key anti corruption infrastructure (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;background:aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %)Diamond(% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %), Senior fellow at the Hoover Institute, ‘(% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10pt; background: aqua; mso-highlight: aqua" %)8 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; " %)(Larry, “End Foreign Aid As We Know It,” //Democracy Journal//, No 8, Spring 2008, [[(% class="cite cite cite cite cite cite cite cite cite" style="font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 10pt" %)http:~~/~~/www.democracyjournal.org/8/6584.php>>http://www.democracyjournal.org/8/6584.php]](%%), accessed 9-1-11) PM (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) But these new principles still govern AND and thus slow to send money.

  
  
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Tunisia Aff - Disad Answers

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• (% class="BlockTitle" %) 2ac – Diplomatic Capital – DRC (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)4. Non-unique – the deadline for assistance passed (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)AFP, 12-29-11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (“Fresh DRC election crisis looms,” http:~/~/www.news24.com/Africa/News/Fresh-DRC-election-crisis-looms-20111229, accessed 1-12-12, CMM) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) Faced with the European Union's threat AND (% class="underline" %)500 seats between 19 000 candidates. (% class="MsoNormal" %) ~* Kabila – incumbent president Joseph Kabila (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)5. Non-unique – US assistance is failing and no focus (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Colombant, VOA, 12-27-11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (Nico, Voice of America News, “Activists, Analysts Express Frustration at US Congo Policy,” http:~/~/www.voanews.com/english/news/africa/Activists-Analysts-Express-Frustration-at-US-Congo-Policy-136283298.html, accessed 1-12-12, CMM) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" %)Activists and (% style="background:aqua; mso-highlight:aqua" %)analysts who (%%)closely (% style="background:aqua; mso-highlight:aqua" %)follow AND (%%)of the lucrative Congolese mining sector. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)6. Obama can multitask (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Brown, Politico Staff Writer, 11-11(%%), 2011, (% class="MsoNormal" %) (Carrie Budoff, "Obama spurns Congress for overseas", Politico, PAS) [[www.politico.com/news/stories/1111/68168.html>>http://www.politico.com/news/stories/1111/68168.html]] 11-11-11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" style="background:aqua;mso-highlight: aqua" %)Obama won’t struggle to keep up AND (% class="underline" %)four days here in Asian countries(%%).” (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)7. Impact empirically denied – there’s been massive instability in the Congo for decades, as well as the Sudan, Rwanda, and Uganda – disproves escalation. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) No risk of nuclear war – the only African nuclear weapons state gave them up. (% class="tag" %) Allison, Harvard Belfer Center director, and Dillon, Harvard government professor, 2010 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Graham and Douglas, January/February Foreign Affairs, vol 89 issue 1 p.74-85, “Nuclear Disorder: Surveying Atomic Threats” [[http:~~/~~/belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/19819/nuclear_disorder.html>>http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/19819/nuclear_disorder.html]], accessed 10-23-11, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) The George Marshall Question After listening AND (% class="underline" %)the postapartheid government, dismantled them(%%). (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) 2ac – Oil (% class="tag" %) They’re not Libya (% class="tag" %) Silver, NYT, ‘11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (Nate, genius, “Egypt, Oil, and Democracy,” 1-31-11, [[http:~~/~~/fivethirtyeight.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/01/31/egypt-oil-and-democracy/>>http://fivethirtyeight.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/01/31/egypt-oil-and-democracy/]], accessed 1-13-12) PM (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight: yellow" %)One thing that links Egypt and AND (%%)oil and democracy do not mix. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) Seriously though… (% class="tag" %) Angrist, Associate Professor of Political Science at Union College, ‘11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (Michele Penner, “Morning In Tunisia,” Foreign Affairs, 1-16-11, [[http:~~/~~/www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/67321/michele-penner-angrist/morning-in-tunisia?page=show>>http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/67321/michele-penner-angrist/morning-in-tunisia?page=show]], accessed 1-13-12) PM (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) True, (% class="underline" %)Ben Ali's Western backers AND (%%)quo might well be more vigorous. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Corruption dooms Russian growth (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Zaks, AFP, 12-23-11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (Dmitry, “(% style="font-family:~"Times~",~"serif~"; mso-bidi-font-family:~"Times New Roman~"" %)Soviet economic legacy haunts Russia 20 years on,” http:~/~/www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5h87z0ehkzGWEH4gWBmXxf76W2XrQ?docId=CNG.1c87b5e9be895eb4be7fffda21026457.351, accessed 1-13-12, CMM) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-family:~"Times~",~"serif~";mso-bidi-font-family: ~"Times New Roman~"" %) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight: yellow" %)The country that now stands in AND (% class="underline" %)Relations concluded in a scathing report. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Oil prices will remain constant – reduced consumption is offsetting instability (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)AFP, 1-13-12 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (“(% style="font-family:~"Times~",~"serif~";mso-bidi-font-family: ~"Times New Roman~"" %)Oil prices steady amid supply-demand tensions,” http:~/~/www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jsfgevBD_kSyqAor3BRrTXHS95Sg?docId=CNG.eb0c9a90bb5d26a18870cd550d5f5dc0.201, accessed 1-13-12, CMM) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight: yellow" %)Oil prices steadied on Friday(% style="background: yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %) (% class="underline" %)at AND (%%)~-~- Italy, Greece and Spain. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) 8. Won’t escalate to war (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Shoumikhin(%%), Ph.D., National Institute for Public Policy, 200(% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)5 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Andrei, "Russian Probes on Arms Control Regimes ," http:~/~/www.nipp.org/Publication/Downloads/Publication%20Archive%20PDF/July%2005%20web%20article.pdf, 3/2] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) At the current stage, Russia AND (% class="underline" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %), irredentism, terrorism, etc. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="BlockTitle" %) 2ac – Lat Am Tradeoff (% class="tag" %) 17 percent reduction in foreign aid. (% class="tag" %) Runnigen, Bloomberg, 12-23-11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Roger, “Obama Signs $1 Trillion Bill to Fund Government Through Sept. 30” [[http:~~/~~/www.businessweek.com/news/2012-01-03/obama-signs-1-trillion-bill-to-fund-government-through-sept-30.html>>http://www.businessweek.com/news/2012-01-03/obama-signs-1-trillion-bill-to-fund-government-through-sept-30.html]], accessed 1-13-12, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) President Barack (% class="underline" style="background: yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)Obama signed into law AND (%%)is H.R. 2055. (% class="tag" %) (% class="tag" %) Foreign aid down and more cuts coming. (% class="tag" %) Cornwell, Reuters, 12-19-11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Susan, “U.S. foreign aid escapes slashing cuts in fiscal 2012” [[http:~~/~~/www.reuters.com/article/2011/12/19/us-usa-aid-idUSTRE7BI1KO20111219>>http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/12/19/us-usa-aid-idUSTRE7BI1KO20111219]], accessed 12-27-11, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" %)The(%%) U.S. State AND (% class="underline" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)U.S. foreign aid(%%). (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) 3. No link – if their internal link is true, the plan will gut other, less important funding (% class="tag" %) (% class="tag" %) 4. Money’s already been allocated and doesn’t need Congressional approval (% class="tag" %) (% class="cite" %)Sheridan, Washington Post, ‘11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (Mary Beth, “US to give $20 million to help Tunisia’s fledgling democracy,” 3-23-11, [[http:~~/~~/www.washingtonpost.com/world/us-to-give-20-million-to-help-tunisias-fledgling-democracy/2011/03/22/AB3VpxEB_story.html>>http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/us-to-give-20-million-to-help-tunisias-fledgling-democracy/2011/03/22/AB3VpxEB_story.html]], accessed 12-31-11) PM (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" style="background:aqua;mso-highlight: aqua" %)The State Department announced (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; " %)Tuesday that it will give (% class="underline" style="background: aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %)$20 million to Tunisia (% class="underline" %)to help build its new democracy(% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; " %), boosting to more than $170 million the total in assistance for Arab countries that recently overthrew authoritarian leaders. (% class="underline" style="background:aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %)The money will provide training (% class="underline" %)and expertise (% style="background:aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %)on (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; " %)how to operate a free (% class="underline" %)press(% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; " %), create (% class="underline" style="background: aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %)political parties(% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; " %), set up fair (% class="underline" style="background:aqua; mso-highlight:aqua" %)and open elections (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; " %)and the like, officials said. Some of it will also go toward helping Tunisia’s battered economy. The funds are from unspent money appropriated by Congress for other purposes, officials said. (% class="underline" style="background:aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %)The money (% class="underline" %)for Tunisia (% style="background:aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %)will be distributed through (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; " %)the (% class="underline" style="background:aqua; mso-highlight:aqua" %)M(% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; " %)iddle (% class="underline" style="background:aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %)E(% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; " %)ast (% class="underline" style="background:aqua; mso-highlight:aqua" %)P(% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; " %)artnership (% class="underline" style="background:aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %)I(% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; " %)nitiative, a program begun by the George W. Bush administration that works with local nongovernmental groups to encourage democracy in the region. “It’s a focused commitment of attention and resources, in order to . . . respond to the needs and aspirations voiced by the Tunisian people,” said Tamara Wittes, deputy assistant secretary of state for Near Eastern affairs, who oversees the program. (% class="tag" %) (% class="tag" %) 7. No internal link or inevitable – USAID violates spending caps regularly (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Management Sciences for Health 05 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (“Expediting the Transfer of Funds for HIV/AIDS Services,” Occasional Papers, 6 January 2005, http:~/~/www.msh.org/resources/publications/pdf/funds_transfer_HIV_AIDS.pdf, 7 July 2006) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" style="background:aqua;mso-highlight: aqua" %)USAID incurred multiple potential funds control AND (% class="underline" %)the (% style="background:aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %)implementation of federal fiscal policy. (% class="tag" %) (% class="tag" %) Double-bind – Their uniqueness evidence proves – either funding is so important it is protected taking out the internal link, or it is always on the chopping block, making the internal link inevitable (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Sen. Menendez & Shah, USAID Administrator, 11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Bob (D-NJ) & Rajiv, 4-13-11, Federal News Service, “Hearing of the International Development and Foreign Assistance, Economic Affairs, and International Environmental Protection Subcommittee of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee,”, Lexis, AFB] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) So explain to me in our AND acceptable. That is not acceptable. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) No funding now – their 1NC evidence says it is a 5-year program, and it started in 2005 – no evidence says it is still funded now (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)USAID STRATEGIC PLAN FOR THE AMAZON BASIN CONSERVATION INITIATIVE, 5 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [6-1-5, CONSERVING BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY IN THE AMAZON BASIN, Strategy Document for Public Discussion, [[http:~~/~~/www.usaid.gov/locations/latin_america_caribbean/pdf/amazonbasin_strategyeng.pdf>>http://www.usaid.gov/locations/latin_america_caribbean/pdf/amazonbasin_strategyeng.pdf]], accessed 9-19-11, AFB] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) VI. PROGRAM MANAGEMENT (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight: yellow" %)USAID will manage the overall program AND with other Amazon-wide programs(% class="underline" %). (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) No impact – Amazon protections inevitably solve or the internal link isn’t significant enough to cause extinction. (% class="tag" %) Greenpeace, 2006 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [2-14-06, “Large area of the Amazon rainforest protected from deforestation” [[http:~~/~~/www.greenpeace.org/international/en/press/releases/amazon-protection/>>http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/press/releases/amazon-protection/]], accessed 10-24-11, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) Greenpeace has welcomed the news that (% class="underline" %)AND (% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)biodiversity (%%)and contributed to climate change. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="BlockTitle" %) 2ac – Disease Tradeoff (% class="tag" %) Disease funding down. (% class="tag" %) Bing, George W. Bush Institute Global Health senior fellow and director, 1-11-12 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Eric, “Next Step in fighting disease in the developing world” [[http:~~/~~/www.thevindicator.com/opinion/article_2ed67998-3c65-11e1-8bee-001871e3ce6c.html>>http://www.thevindicator.com/opinion/article_2ed67998-3c65-11e1-8bee-001871e3ce6c.html]], accessed 1-13-12, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" %)One of the world's largest foreign AND countries (% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)are provided by the Fund(%%). (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) Uniqueness and internal link takeout (% class="tag" %) 17 percent reduction in foreign aid. (% class="tag" %) Runnigen, Bloomberg, 12-23-11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Roger, “Obama Signs $1 Trillion Bill to Fund Government Through Sept. 30” [[http:~~/~~/www.businessweek.com/news/2012-01-03/obama-signs-1-trillion-bill-to-fund-government-through-sept-30.html>>http://www.businessweek.com/news/2012-01-03/obama-signs-1-trillion-bill-to-fund-government-through-sept-30.html]], accessed 1-13-12, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) President Barack (% class="underline" style="background: yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)Obama signed into law AND (%%)is H.R. 2055. (% class="tag" %) (% class="tag" %) Foreign aid down and more cuts coming. (% class="tag" %) Cornwell, Reuters, 12-19-11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Susan, “U.S. foreign aid escapes slashing cuts in fiscal 2012” [[http:~~/~~/www.reuters.com/article/2011/12/19/us-usa-aid-idUSTRE7BI1KO20111219>>http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/12/19/us-usa-aid-idUSTRE7BI1KO20111219]], accessed 12-27-11, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" %)The(%%) U.S. State AND (% class="underline" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)U.S. foreign aid(%%). (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) (% class="tag" %) 4. Money’s already been allocated and doesn’t need Congressional approval (% class="tag" %) (% class="cite" %)Sheridan, Washington Post, ‘11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (Mary Beth, “US to give $20 million to help Tunisia’s fledgling democracy,” 3-23-11, [[http:~~/~~/www.washingtonpost.com/world/us-to-give-20-million-to-help-tunisias-fledgling-democracy/2011/03/22/AB3VpxEB_story.html>>http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/us-to-give-20-million-to-help-tunisias-fledgling-democracy/2011/03/22/AB3VpxEB_story.html]], accessed 12-31-11) PM (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" style="background:aqua;mso-highlight: aqua" %)The State Department announced (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; " %)Tuesday that AND affairs, who oversees the program. (% class="tag" %) (% class="tag" %) 7. No internal link or inevitable – USAID violates spending caps regularly (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Management Sciences for Health 05 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (“Expediting the Transfer of Funds for HIV/AIDS Services,” Occasional Papers, 6 January 2005, http:~/~/www.msh.org/resources/publications/pdf/funds_transfer_HIV_AIDS.pdf, 7 July 2006) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" style="background:aqua;mso-highlight: aqua" %)USAID incurred multiple potential funds control AND (% class="underline" %)the (% style="background:aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %)implementation of federal fiscal policy. (% class="tag" %) (% class="tag" %) 8. Double bind – either foreign aid is a soft target for budget hawks, ensuring cuts, regardless of the plan (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Worthington, president and CEO of InterAction, the largest alliance of U.S.-based international non-governmental organizations, 8-1-11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Samuel, Guardian “Poverty Matters” blog, “US must learn from Britain and not cut foreign aid”, [[http:~~/~~/www.guardian.co.uk/global-development/poverty-matters/2011/aug/01/us-foreign-aid-cuts>>http://www.guardian.co.uk/global-development/poverty-matters/2011/aug/01/us-foreign-aid-cuts]], accessed 10-6-11, AFB] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" %)While the US debt talks are AND (%%)fails to meet its own commitments? (% class="tag" %) (% class="tag" %) OR Advocates save programs. (% class="tag" %) Dervis and Kharas, Brookings Institution, 1-6-12 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Kemal, Global Economy and development vice president and director, and Homi, Global Economy and development, development assistance and governance initiative senior fellow and deputy director, “Better than Expected U.S. Support for Global Development” [[https:~~/~~/www.brookings.edu/opinions/2012/0106_us_global_development_dervis_kharas.aspx>>https://www.brookings.edu/opinions/2012/0106_us_global_development_dervis_kharas.aspx]], accessed 1-12-12, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight: yellow" %)A full-court press of AND (%%)his untimely passing at age 92. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) **Super-diseases can’t happen – virulence trades off with transmissibility** (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;background: yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)**__Orent__**(%%)**, science journalist and author, **October 23** __200(% style="background: yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)5(%%)__** (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size:9.0pt" %)[Wendy, doctorate in anthropology (specializing in evolutionary epidemiology), Interview with AJC, l/n] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 9pt; text-decoration: none" %)**__ __** (% class="card" %) Transmissibility is the ability of the AND (% class="underline" style="background:yellow; mso-highlight:yellow" %)disease, it dies with you(% class="underline" %). (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) Disease won’t cause extinction – empirics prove (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Posner, senior lecturer at U Chicago Law School, ‘5 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; " %)(Richard, judge on the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals, “Catastrophe: the dozen most significant catastrophic risks and what we can do about them,” 1-1-05, [[http:~~/~~/goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-4150331/Catastrophe-the-dozen-most-significant.html>>http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-4150331/Catastrophe-the-dozen-most-significant.html]](%%), accessed 11-15-10) PM (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; " %) (% class="card" %) Yet the fact that (% class="underline" style="background: yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)Homo sapiens (%%)AND lethal pathogen than smallpox ever was. (% class="BlockTitle" %) 2ac – China Relations (% class="tag" %) ~1. Case outweighs and makes the DA inevitable – (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)A. Credibility is key to soft power – that allows for a cooperative international framework that prevents conflict escalation – [faster timeframe] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)B. Lack of democracy makes all their impacts inevitable – statistically, democracy is the key internal link to solve war – [probability] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)C. Asian institution collapse guarantees nuclear world war III that leads to extinction (% class="tag" %) (% class="tag" %) 2. Non-unique – arms sale talks with Gadhafi. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)AP, 11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (9/7/11, “US not satisfied with China statement on Libya” http:~/~/www.huffingtonpost.com/huff-wires/20110907/un-un-libya-china-weapons/, accessed 9/13/11, ES) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" style="background:aqua;mso-highlight: aqua" %)The U(% class="underline" %)nited (% style="background:aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %)St(%%)ates says it (% style="background:aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %)is AND (%%)report on discarded Libyan government documents. (% align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" %) (% class="tag" %) 3. Non-unique – military competition (% class="tag" %) Swaine, Senior associate at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (Michael, 2/16/11, “Avoiding US-China Military Rivalry” [[(% style="color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none" %)http:~~/~~/the-diplomat.com/whats-next-china/avoiding-us-china-military-rivalry/2/>>http://the-diplomat.com/whats-next-china/avoiding-us-china-military-rivalry/2/]](%%), accessed 9/14/11, ES) (% align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" %) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" style="background:aqua;mso-highlight: aqua" %)A combination of deepening strategic distrust(% style="background:aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %) (%%)AND (% class="underline" %)is the biggest threat to stability(%%). (% class="tag" %) (% class="tag" %) 4. China doesn’t care (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Weitz, director of the Center for Political-Military Analysis, 11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (Richard, 9/6/11, “How China Sees Middle East” http:~/~/the-diplomat.com/china-power/2011/09/06/how-china-sees-middle-east/, accessed 9/15/11, ES) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) But when it comes to recent AND (% class="underline" style="background:aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %)Beijing’s instruments of influence remain weak. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) 5. China doesn’t care about Tunisia – they want US action (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Pardo, Al-Majalla, ‘11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; " %)[Ramon Pacheco, “The Dragon Eyes the Arab Spring,” 5-31-11, [[(% class="cite cite cite cite cite cite cite cite" style="font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 10pt" %)http:~~/~~/www.al-majalla.com/en/ideas/article359548.ece>>http://www.al-majalla.com/en/ideas/article359548.ece]](%%), accessed 10-21-11, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) However, (% class="underline" %)economic relations between China AND (% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)them take the most difficult decisions(%%). (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) 6. Plan boosts relations – China wants stability (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Wenping, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Institute of West Asian and African Studies researcher, 7 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (He, 4/7/7, “Sino-US Cooperation Can Benefit Africa Even More” http:~/~/www.china.org.cn/english/international/206672.htm, accessed 9/14/11, ES) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) It indicated that African development has AND (% class="underline" %)countries have many areas for cooperation. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) 7. No threshold – plan would’t collapse all relations – coop on major issues is inevitable (% class="tag" %) (% class="tag" %) Relations are resilient and ups and downs are inevitable but a total collapse will not happen. (% class="tag" %) Xinhua, 12-13-11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [“Yearender: China-U.S. relations witness gains, obstacles in 2011” [[http:~~/~~/news.xinhuanet.com/english/china/2011-12/13/c_131304574.htm>>http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/china/2011-12/13/c_131304574.htm]], accessed 12-31-11, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" %)Despite the setbacks in the second AND (% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)rising great power(%%)," he said. (% class="BlockTitle" %) 2ac – Morocco Dip Cap (% class="tag" %) 2. Uniqueness and internal link takeout – (% class="tag" %) Aid got gutted – only the OCO increased over Obama’s request – that means the plan doesn’t tank it (% class="tag" %) The International, 12-17-11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [“U.S.: Foreign Aid Spared Drastic Cuts for 2012” [[http:~~/~~/www.international.to/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4013:us-foreign-aid-spared-drastic-cuts-for-2012&catid=80:politics&Itemid=120>>http://www.international.to/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4013:us-foreign-aid-spared-drastic-cuts-for-2012&catid=80:politics&Itemid=120]], accessed 12-27-11, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" %)Despite the budget cutting and antiAND (%%)N. and its peacekeeping budget. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) Iraq got a ton of funding – Obama not key. (% class="tag" %) Cornwell, Reuters, 12-19-11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Susan, “U.S. foreign aid escapes slashing cuts in fiscal 2012” [[http:~~/~~/www.reuters.com/article/2011/12/19/us-usa-aid-idUSTRE7BI1KO20111219>>http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/12/19/us-usa-aid-idUSTRE7BI1KO20111219]], accessed 12-27-11, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" %)The(%%) U.S. State AND (% class="underline" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)U.S. foreign aid(%%). (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) 3. AND, more evidence – plan solves dip cap (% class="tag" %) Friedman, Stratfor, 5-24-11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [George, “Obama and the Arab Spring” [[http:~~/~~/www.stratfor.com/weekly/20110523-obama-and-arab-spring?utm_source=GWeekly&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=110524&utm_content=readmore&elq=7e0acbd6805046c1bc30e3380f807968>>http://www.stratfor.com/weekly/20110523-obama-and-arab-spring?utm_source=GWeekly&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=110524&utm_content=readmore&elq=7e0acbd6805046c1bc30e3380f807968]], accessed 6-7-11, TP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) This coalition appears to be frayingAND Arabia’s oil-rich Eastern Province. (% class="MsoNormal" %)

  
  
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Tunisia Aff - Politics Answers

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• (% class="BlockTitle" %) 2ac – Payroll - Navy (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Appointments trigger the link (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Steinhauer, NYT, 1-5-12 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (Jennifer, “Recent Fights in Congress Could Be Just Warm-Ups,” http:~/~/www.nytimes.com/2012/01/06/us/politics/recent-fights-in-congress-could-be-just-warm-ups.html, accessed 1-12-12, CMM) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) Still, (% class="underline" style="background:yellow; mso-highlight:yellow" %)many Republicans, frosty AND has decided to politic full time.(% class="underline" %)” (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Immigration law triggers the link (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Gorman, LAT, 1-9-12 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (Anna, “Obama's immigration proposal gives hope to some in limbo,” articles.latimes.com/2012/jan/09/local/la-me-immigration-rule-20120109, accessed 1-12-12, CMM) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) President (% class="underline" style="background:yellow; mso-highlight:yellow" %)Obama proposed a new rule AND (% class="underline" %)through this and other recent changes. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) Obama won’t be able to push keystone passed the elections – payroll provision forces vote on keystone before payroll (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)Bogardus(%%), The Hill Staff Writer, (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)1-12(%%), 2012, (% class="MsoNormal" %) (Kevin, "US Chamber: Obama should give green light to Keystone oil pipeline now", The Hill, PAS) thehill.com/blogs/e2-wire/e2-wire/203787-us-chamber-obama-should-authorize-keystone-now 1-12-12 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" %)Obama had sought to delay a AND final verdict by Feb. 21(%%). (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) Keystone debate triggers the link – Republicans will force Obama to act on the keystone pipeline (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Reuters, 1-12(%%), 2012, (% class="MsoNormal" %) ("Keystone XL Pipeline: Republicans Working On Contingency Plan Should Obama Say No", Huffington Post, PAS) [[www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/01/12/keystone-xl-pipeline-house-gop-obama_n_1201504.html>>http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/01/12/keystone-xl-pipeline-house-gop-obama_n_1201504.html]] 1-12-12 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight: yellow" %)The Keystone pipeline has put Obama AND (%%)was not in the national interest. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Won’t pass – disagreements on the merits, funding, and elections (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Pear, NYT, 12-26-11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (Robert, “Political Struggle in Congress Delayed, Not Resolved,” http:~/~/www.nytimes.com/2011/12/27/us/politics/congress-delays-political-struggle.html?pagewanted=print, accessed 12-30-11, CMM) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" %)When Congress(%%) handily (% class="underline" %)passed a bill AND (%%)000 federal workers live in Maryland. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Won’t get out of conference - that dooms it (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Benen, contributing writer to the Washington Monthly, 12-31-11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (Steve, “Enjoy the payroll tax break while it lasts,” http:~/~/www.washingtonmonthly.com/political-animal/2011_12/enjoy_the_payroll_tax_break_wh034436.php#, accessed 1-2-12, CMM) \\ (% class="card" %) Last week, after a needlesslyAND (% class="underline" %)” failed to reach an agreement. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Payroll won’t pass – Housing Lobby is gearing up to block (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Joseph, National Journal, 1-12-12 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (Andrew, “Housing Lobby Rousing Grassroots As Payroll Tax Fight Looms,” http:~/~/influencealley.nationaljournal.com/2012/01/housing-lobby-rousing-grassroo.php, accessed 1-14-12, CMM) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" %)After suffering a blow(%%) in December (% class="underline" %)AND least not repeated in the future(%%). (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) Tunisia is popular – best opportunity for democracy. (% class="tag" %) Middle East Online, 12-30-11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [“US 'encouraged' by Tunisia's governing party” [[http:~~/~~/www.middle-east-online.com/english/?id=49723>>http://www.middle-east-online.com/english/?id=49723]], accessed 1-2-12, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) TUNIS - Visiting US Senator Joe (% class="underline" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)AND (%%)investment in the north African country. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) Plan has massive bipartisan backing (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Democracy Digest, 9-8-11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [“9/11 restored bipartisan consensus on strategic value of democracy assistance”, [[http:~~/~~/www.demdigest.net/blog/2011/09/911-restored-bipartisan-consensus-on-strategic-value-of-democracy-assistance/>>http://www.demdigest.net/blog/2011/09/911-restored-bipartisan-consensus-on-strategic-value-of-democracy-assistance/]], accessed 9-14-11, AFB] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) “The terrorist attack of AND (% class="underline" style="background:aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %)at home is worthy of note.” (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Foreign policy wins boost domestic capital (% class="tag" %) (% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)Marshall(%%), Miami University political science associate professor, (% style="background: yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)and Prins(%%), University of Tennessee Knoxville political science associate professor, (% style="background:yellow; mso-highlight:yellow" %)2011 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Bryan and Brandon, 9-2011, Presidential Studies Quarterly, Vol 41 Issue 3, “Power or Posturing? Policy Availability and Congressional Influence on U.S. Presidential Decisions to Use Force” Wiley-Blackwell, p.525, accessed 7-30-11, TAP] (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" style="text-decoration:none" %) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" style="background:aqua;mso-highlight: aqua" %)Presidents rely(% class="underline" %) heavily (% style="background:aqua;mso-highlight: aqua" %)on Congress in AND capital at home(% style="background: aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %) (%%)(Fordham 2002). (% class="BlockTitle" %) 2ac – China Bashing - Navy (% class="tag" %) No legislation – debate inevitable, all rhetoric, structural barriers block (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Inside US-China Trade, 1-11-12 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [“NFTC CHIEF SEES ACTIVE CHINA DEBATE NEXT YEAR, PREDICTS MORE WTO CASES”, SECTION: Vol. 12 No. 2, Lexis, AFB] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" %)National Foreign Trade Council President(%%) William (% class="underline" %)AND a vehicle for trade remedy measures.(%%) (% class="underline" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Boehner weak now and will spend capital on payroll. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Collender, Wall Street Pit, 1-2-12 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (Stan, “Wall Street Beware: Boehner May Need to Tank Payroll Tax Extension to Keep His Job,” http:~/~/wallstreetpit.com/88248-wall-street-beware-boehner-may-need-to-tank-payroll-tax-extension-to-keep-his-job, accessed 1-2-12, CMM) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) But (% class="underline" style="background:yellow; mso-highlight:yellow" %)to avoid what (%%)in essence (% class="underline" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)AND (% class="underline" %)meets the specific criteria he sets(%%). (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Boehner will use capital on key stone and conference committee because of low cred now. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Benen, contributing writer to the Washington Monthly, 12-23-11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (Steve, “What to expect in Round Two,” http:~/~/www.washingtonmonthly.com/political-animal/2011_12/what_to_expect_in_round_two034279.php, accessed 1-2-12, CMM) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" %)This week was Round One of AND will be an even heavier lift. (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" %)I’m inclined to expect the latter(%%). In fact, (% class="underline" %)it’s practically a mortal lock(%%). (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) Money’s already been allocated and doesn’t need Congressional approval (% class="tag" %) (% class="cite" %)Sheridan, Washington Post, ‘11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (Mary Beth, “US to give $20 million to help Tunisia’s fledgling democracy,” 3-23-11, [[http:~~/~~/www.washingtonpost.com/world/us-to-give-20-million-to-help-tunisias-fledgling-democracy/2011/03/22/AB3VpxEB_story.html>>http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/us-to-give-20-million-to-help-tunisias-fledgling-democracy/2011/03/22/AB3VpxEB_story.html]], accessed 12-31-11) PM (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" style="background:aqua;mso-highlight: aqua" %)The State Department announced (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; " %)Tuesday that AND affairs, who oversees the program. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %) (% class="tag" %) Tunisia is popular – best opportunity for democracy. (% class="tag" %) Middle East Online, 12-30-11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [“US 'encouraged' by Tunisia's governing party” [[http:~~/~~/www.middle-east-online.com/english/?id=49723>>http://www.middle-east-online.com/english/?id=49723]], accessed 1-2-12, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) TUNIS - Visiting US Senator Joe (% class="underline" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)AND (%%)investment in the north African country. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) Plan has massive bipartisan backing (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Democracy Digest, 9-8-11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [“9/11 restored bipartisan consensus on strategic value of democracy assistance”, [[http:~~/~~/www.demdigest.net/blog/2011/09/911-restored-bipartisan-consensus-on-strategic-value-of-democracy-assistance/>>http://www.demdigest.net/blog/2011/09/911-restored-bipartisan-consensus-on-strategic-value-of-democracy-assistance/]], accessed 9-14-11, AFB] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) “The terrorist attack of AND (% class="underline" style="background:aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %)at home is worthy of note.” (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Foreign policy wins boost domestic capital (% class="tag" %) (% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)Marshall(%%), Miami University political science associate professor, (% style="background: yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)and Prins(%%), University of Tennessee Knoxville political science associate professor, (% style="background:yellow; mso-highlight:yellow" %)2011 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Bryan and Brandon, 9-2011, Presidential Studies Quarterly, Vol 41 Issue 3, “Power or Posturing? Policy Availability and Congressional Influence on U.S. Presidential Decisions to Use Force” Wiley-Blackwell, p.525, accessed 7-30-11, TAP] (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" style="text-decoration:none" %) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" style="background:aqua;mso-highlight: aqua" %)Presidents rely(% class="underline" %) heavily (% style="background:aqua;mso-highlight: aqua" %)on Congress in AND capital at home(% style="background: aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %) (%%)(Fordham 2002). (% class="MsoNormal" %)

  
  
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Tunisia Aff - Counterplan Answers

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• (% class="BlockTitle" %) {{id name="_Toc313368567"/}}{{id name="_Toc313125984"/}}{{id name="_Toc314252460"/}}{{id name="_Toc313368591"/}}{{id name="_Toc313126007"/}}{{id name="_Toc313126000"/}}2ac – Canada (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)5. China is pushing for authoritarianism – they would backlash to the CP – only the plan solves – takes out sopo (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)Grygiel, Senior Fellow at the Center for European Policy Analysis, 10-6-11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (Jakub, and the George H.W. Bush Associate Professor of International Relations at Johns Hopkins-SAIS, “Democracy promotion – a geostrategic contest,” http:~/~/www.demdigest.net/blog/2011/10/democracy-promotion-a-geostrategic-contest/, accessed 10-6-11, CMM) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) Finally, (% class="underline" style="background:aqua; mso-highlight:aqua" %)we cannot outsource democracy AND (%%)dangerous (% class="underline" %)geopolitical consequences of their actions(%%). (% class="tag" %) (% class="tag" %) 8. Canada fails – (% class="tag" %) Sundstrom, assistant political science professor at British Columbia, ‘5 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (Lisa McIntosh, “Hard Choices, Good Causes: Exploring Options for Canada’s Overseas Democracy Assistance,” September 2005, [[http:~~/~~/www.irpp.org/pm/archive/pmvol6no4.pdf>>http://www.irpp.org/pm/archive/pmvol6no4.pdf]], accessed 10-23-11) PM (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) Thus, we do have something AND (% class="underline" style="background:aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %)evolving democracies(%%). Context is everything. (% style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:~"Times New Roman~",~"serif~"; mso-fareast-font-family:~"Times New Roman~";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-font-kerning:16.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US; mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" %)**__ __**(% style="text-decoration:none" %) (% class="BlockTitle" %) {{id name="_Toc313368571"/}}{{id name="_Toc313125986"/}}2ac – Courts (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)3. CP tanks credibility (% class="tag" %) Wilkinson, Fourt Circuit Appeals Judge, 2004 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Harvie, “The Use of International Law in Judicial Decisions”, 27 Harv. J.L. & Pub. Pol'y 423, Spring Lexis] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="text-decoration:none" %)__ __ (% class="card" %) So judges must not wade, AND (% class="underline" %)repudiated and (% style="background:aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %)contradicted by judicial decree(%%). (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)4. Links to politics (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)Campbell, Government Professor, 2K (% class="MsoNormal" %) (Colton, CONGRESS CONFRONTS THE COURTS, p. 22) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight: yellow" %)The(% class="underline" %) final (% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)situation in which the AND (%%)touch is unlikely to be respected. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)6. No test case means no CP (% class="MsoNormal" %) Neomi(% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %) Rao(%%), (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)GMU Assistant Law Professor,(%%) Spring 200(% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)9(%%), "PRESIDENTIAL POWER IN THE 21ST CENTURY SYMPOSIUM: ARTICLE: THE PRESIDENT'S SPHERE OF ACTION," 45 Willamette L. Rev. 527, lexis (% class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.25in" %) (% class="card" %) By contrast, as discussed aboveAND energy" belongs with the executive. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %) (% class="BlockTitle" %) 2ac – EU (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)Perm – do both (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)China is pushing for authoritarianism – they would backlash to the CP – only the plan solves (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)Grygiel, Senior Fellow at the Center for European Policy Analysis, 10-6-11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (Jakub, and the George H.W. Bush Associate Professor of International Relations at Johns Hopkins-SAIS, “Democracy promotion – a geostrategic contest,” http:~/~/www.demdigest.net/blog/2011/10/democracy-promotion-a-geostrategic-contest/, accessed 10-6-11, CMM) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) Finally, (% class="underline" style="background:aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %)we cannot outsource democracy AND (%%)dangerous (% class="underline" %)geopolitical consequences of their actions(%%). (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %) (% class="tag" %) Say no – bitter about Ben Ali support. (% class="tag" %) Dennison, European Council on Foreign Relations policy fellow, et al, 2011 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Susi, Anthony Dworkin, ECFR senior policy fellow and Crimes of War Project executive director, Nicu Popescu, PHD in IR from Central European University, and Nick Witney, European Defense Agency Chief Executive, March 2011, “After the Revolution: Europe and the Transition in Tunisia” [[http:~~/~~/www.ecfr.eu/page/-/ECFR28_TUNISIA_AW.pdf>>http://www.ecfr.eu/page/-/ECFR28_TUNISIA_AW.pdf]], p.6, accessed 12-27-11, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) The Association of Democratic Women is AND (% class="underline" %)unequivocal support for those demanding change(%%). (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %) (% class="tag" %) 9. EU’s disjointed strategy makes aid ineffective (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)Scimia, The Jerusalem Post, ‘11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; " %)(Emanuele, “The Arab Spring and the EU,” 2-5-11, [[http:~~/~~/www.jpost.com/Magazine/Features/Article.aspx?id=216561>>http://www.jpost.com/Magazine/Features/Article.aspx?id=216561]], accessed 8-23-11) PM (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; " %) (% class="card" %) But (% class="underline" style="background:aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %)disagreements are emerging from within(%%) AND the Arabian Peninsula in its charge. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="BlockTitle" %) 2ac – FTA (% class="tag" %) Delays and links to politics (% class="tag" %) Dadush, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace international economics program director, and Dunne, Atlantic Coucil Rafik Hariri Center for the Middle East director, 2011 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Dudush and Michele, Fall 2011, CSIS Washington Quarterly, 34:4, “American and European Responses to the Arab Spring: What’s the Big Idea” [[http:~~/~~/www.twq.com/11autumn/docs/11autumn_Dadush_Dunne.pdf>>http://www.twq.com/11autumn/docs/11autumn_Dadush_Dunne.pdf]], p.142, accessed 10-29-11, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) U.S. and European AND (% class="underline" %)perhaps in an improved economic climate(%%). (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %) (% class="BlockTitle" %) 2ac – SPP Counterplan (AKA States CP) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)2. Perm do the counterplan – the CP is a way the aff could be implemented – Tunisia is already a part of the SPP (% class="tag" %) (% class="cite" %)Snyder, Staff Sergeant Illinois National Guard, ‘10 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (Kassidy, “Illinois National Guard Soldiers Participate In Medical Exercise In Tunisia,” 5-17-10, [[http:~~/~~/www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=443901838311&comments&ref=mf>>http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=443901838311&comments&ref=mf]], accessed 1-13-12) PM (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; " %)The (% class="underline" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)Wyoming(% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " %) (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; " %)National Guard (% class="underline" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)has a AND (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; " %)are very similar,” said Bohm. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %) (% class="tag" %) 5. USAID key to cred. (% class="tag" %) Dobransky, Cleveland State University government adjunct professor, 2011 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Steve, 3-7-11, “The Coming Crisis in US Foreign Aid: Policy Options for the 21^^st^^ Century” [[http:~~/~~/www.unc.edu/depts/diplomat/item/2011/0104/comm/dobransky_coming.html>>http://www.unc.edu/depts/diplomat/item/2011/0104/comm/dobransky_coming.html]], accessed 10-24-11, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) The argument against eliminating USAID includes AND (% class="underline" %)without compelling reasons to do so(%%). (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) 6. Lack of funding, insufficient ability to meet all demand, and links to politics. (% class="tag" %) Owens, Republican Governors Association, 2002 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Bill, The Washington Quarterly, “Strategic Democracy Building: How U.S. States Can Help” [[http:~~/~~/www.twq.com/02autumn/owens.pdf>>http://www.twq.com/02autumn/owens.pdf]], p.160, accessed 1-7-12, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) SPP guidelines therefore call for gradually AND (% class="underline" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)countries how to have a government(%%). (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)8. Links to politics (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)Goldsmith, law professor at Harvard, 97 (% class="card" style="margin-left:0in" %) (Jack Goldsmith, Prof @ Chicago, November 1997, Virg. L. Rev., ln) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) Much more significant than the President's AND of the hostages in Iran. 278 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %) (% class="BlockTitle" %) 2ac – Consult Saudi Arabia (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)3. Should means desirability (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)American Heritage(%%), 200(% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)9(%%), “should,” [[(% style="color:windowtext; text-decoration:none;text-underline:none" %)http:~~/~~/dictionary.reference.com/browse/should>>http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/should]] (% class="card" %) (% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)Like the rules governing the use AND at [[(% style="font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10pt; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10pt; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10pt; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10pt; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10pt; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10pt; color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none" %)if>>http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/+if]](%%), [[(% style="font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10pt; color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none" %)rather>>http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/+rather]](%%), [[(% style="font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10pt; color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none" %)shall>>http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/+shall]](%%). (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)This is especially true with democracy promotion (% class="tag" %) Lappin, University of Leuven (Belgium) Centre for Peace Research and Strategic Studies PhD candidate, 10 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Richard, participant in democracy assistance missions with the UN, EU, OSCE, and Carter Center, University of Belgrade political sciences visiting scholar, Central European Journal of International & Security Studies, Volume 4 Issue 1, “What we talk about when we talk about democracy assistance: the problem of definition in post-conflict approaches to democratization” [[http:~~/~~/www.cejiss.org/issue/2010-volume-4-issue-1/lappin>>http://www.cejiss.org/issue/2010-volume-4-issue-1/lappin]], p.184, accessed 5-16-11, TP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) The period of decolonisation during (% class="underline" %)the AND (%%)global democratic revolution’ (Reagan 1988). (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Justifies perm do the CP – we’ll defend it (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %) (% class="tag" %) 4. They’d say no (% class="tag" %) (% style="background:lime;mso-highlight:lime" %)Boucek(%%), Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Middle East associate, 6-8-(% style="background:lime;mso-highlight:lime" %)11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Christopher, Diane Rehm, Guests included: Robin Wright, US Institute of Peace and the Woodrow Wilson International Center policy analyst, Ali al-Ahmed, Gulf Institute director, Aaron David Miller, Woodrow Wilson International Center public policy scholar, NPR, “The U.S., Saudi Arabia, and the Arab Spring” [[http:~~/~~/thedianerehmshow.org/shows/2011-06-08/us-saudi-arabia-and-arab-spring>>http://thedianerehmshow.org/shows/2011-06-08/us-saudi-arabia-and-arab-spring]], accessed 6-10-11, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) BOUCEK10:11:54 WellAND (% class="underline" %)out and do its own thing(%%). (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) (% class="cite" %)8. (%%)Doesn’t solve cred – continues to send mixed signals – perceived the same as the sqo. (% class="tag" %) Snider and Faris, Middle East Policy Council, 2011 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Erin and David, “The Arab Spring: U.S. Democracy Promotion in Egypt” [[http:~~/~~/www.mepc.org/journal/middle-east-policy-archives/arab-spring-us-democracy-promotion-egypt?print>>http://www.mepc.org/journal/middle-east-policy-archives/arab-spring-us-democracy-promotion-egypt?print]], accessed 9-27-11, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight: yellow" %)Democracy promotion (% class="underline" %)in the Middle East(% style="background: yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %) AND (%%)to $20 million in 2009. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) 9. Doesn’t solve Tunisia – constrains NGOs and makes democracy assistance fail – that triggers backsliding. (% class="tag" %) Hamzawy, Democracy Digest, 2011 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Amr, “The Jasmine Revolution’s Democratic Prospect: Too Early To Say?” [[http:~~/~~/carnegieendowment.org/2011/01/19/jasmine-revolution-s-democratic-prospect-too-early-to-say/1miu>>http://carnegieendowment.org/2011/01/19/jasmine-revolution-s-democratic-prospect-too-early-to-say/1miu]], accessed 12-31-11, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) However, (% class="underline" %)there is still a AND (% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)reform (%%)and oversight in the future. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) Other issues outweigh the plan and relations are resilient (% class="tag" %) Lobe, Inter Press Service, 9-15-11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Jim, “U.S.-Saudi Arabia Agreeing on Less and Less” [[http:~~/~~/www.nationofchange.org/us-saudi-arabia-agreeing-less-and-less-1316099237>>http://www.nationofchange.org/us-saudi-arabia-agreeing-less-and-less-1316099237]], accessed 10-22-11, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) But (% class="underline" style="background:aqua; mso-highlight:aqua" %)the relationship suffered a number AND (% class="underline" %)S. soldiers from the kingdom(%%). (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="BlockTitle" %) 2ac – Condition (Generic) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)1. Perm – do plan and provide technical assistance for the creation of the institutions (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)2. Perm – do the plan and request the condition – there’s no reason the condition has to be an explicit bargaining chip (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Power(%%), World Policy Institute, 3/20/200(% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)9 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Jonathan, "On How Not to Press the Reset Button," http:~/~/worldpolicy.org/wordpress/2009/03/20/jonathan-power-on-how-not-to-press-the-reset-button/, 11/14] (% class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.25in" %) (% class="underline" style="background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow; text-decoration: none" %) (% class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.25in" %) (% class="underline" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)Precise quid pro quos are not AND the hand of friendship without preconditions(% class="underline" %). (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)This is especially true with democracy promotion (% class="tag" %) Lappin, University of Leuven (Belgium) Centre for Peace Research and Strategic Studies PhD candidate, 10 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Richard, participant in democracy assistance missions with the UN, EU, OSCE, and Carter Center, University of Belgrade political sciences visiting scholar, Central European Journal of International & Security Studies, Volume 4 Issue 1, “What we talk about when we talk about democracy assistance: the problem of definition in post-conflict approaches to democratization” [[http:~~/~~/www.cejiss.org/issue/2010-volume-4-issue-1/lappin>>http://www.cejiss.org/issue/2010-volume-4-issue-1/lappin]], p.184, accessed 5-16-11, TP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) The period of decolonisation during (% class="underline" %)the AND (%%)global democratic revolution’ (Reagan 1988). (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %) (% class="tag" %) (% class="cite" %)6. (%%)Doesn’t solve cred – continues to send mixed signals – perceived the same as the sqo. (% class="tag" %) Snider and Faris, Middle East Policy Council, 2011 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Erin and David, “The Arab Spring: U.S. Democracy Promotion in Egypt” [[http:~~/~~/www.mepc.org/journal/middle-east-policy-archives/arab-spring-us-democracy-promotion-egypt?print>>http://www.mepc.org/journal/middle-east-policy-archives/arab-spring-us-democracy-promotion-egypt?print]], accessed 9-27-11, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight: yellow" %)Democracy promotion (% class="underline" %)in the Middle East(% style="background: yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %) AND (%%)to $20 million in 2009. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) 7. Doesn’t solve Tunisia – constrains NGOs and makes democracy assistance fail – that triggers backsliding. (% class="tag" %) Hamzawy, Democracy Digest, 2011 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Amr, “The Jasmine Revolution’s Democratic Prospect: Too Early To Say?” [[http:~~/~~/carnegieendowment.org/2011/01/19/jasmine-revolution-s-democratic-prospect-too-early-to-say/1miu>>http://carnegieendowment.org/2011/01/19/jasmine-revolution-s-democratic-prospect-too-early-to-say/1miu]], accessed 12-31-11, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) However, (% class="underline" %)there is still a AND (% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)reform (%%)and oversight in the future. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="BlockTitle" %) 2ac – Philanthropy CP (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)5. No solvency – funding high now and failing – their evidence (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)McInerny, advocacy director at POMED, ‘11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; " %)(Stephen, “The Logic of the Donor Community: American Donors,” April 2011, [[(% class="cite cite cite cite cite cite" style="font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 10pt" %)http:~~/~~/pomed.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/EMHRF-paper-the-logic-of-the-donor-community-American-donors.pdf>>http://pomed.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/EMHRF-paper-the-logic-of-the-donor-community-American-donors.pdf]](%%), accessed 10-23-11) PM (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; " %) (% class="card" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; " %)Nonetheless, in many cases, AND (% class="underline" style="background:aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %)support(% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; background- initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " %) (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; " %)during the period of transition. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) Good governance is a prereq to corporate aid – it would never go to Tunisia. (% class="tag" %) Roberts, Heritage Center for international trade and economics Economic Freedom and Growth research fellow, 2011 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [James, 3-1-11, “Not All Foreign Aid Is Equal” [[http:~~/~~/www.heritage.org/research/reports/2011/03/not-all-foreign-aid-is-equal>>http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2011/03/not-all-foreign-aid-is-equal]], accessed 10-24-11, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) Traditional development assistance is based on AND (% class="underline" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)-term economic growth and development(%%). (% class="tag" %) (% class="tag" %) philanthropy doesn’t access our internal links. (% class="tag" %) Carothers, Carnegie Endowment for peace vice president, 2009 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Thomas, “Revitalizing U.S. democracy assistance: the challenge of USAID” [[http:~~/~~/carnegieendowment.org/files/revitalizing_democracy_assistance.pdf>>http://carnegieendowment.org/files/revitalizing_democracy_assistance.pdf]], accessed 10-24-11, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) Over the past 25 years, (% class="underline" %)AND (% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)player in the democracy aid domain(%%). (% class="tag" %) (% class="tag" %) Privatized aid fails and kills US cred. (% class="tag" %) Dobransky, Cleveland State University government adjunct professor, 2011 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Steve, 3-7-11, “The Coming Crisis in US Foreign Aid: Policy Options for the 21^^st^^ Century” [[http:~~/~~/www.unc.edu/depts/diplomat/item/2011/0104/comm/dobransky_coming.html>>http://www.unc.edu/depts/diplomat/item/2011/0104/comm/dobransky_coming.html]], accessed 10-24-11, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight: yellow" %)The argument against privatized foreign aid AND (%%)contractor Blackwater (now, Xe). (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %)

  
  
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Impact Defense

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• (% class="BlockTitle" %) AT: Peace Process (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Peace process will fails – Israeli security demands and the Arab Spring (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Byman, Professor in the Security Studies Program at Georgetown University and the Research Director of the Saban Center for Middle East Policy at Brookings, 11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (Daniel, Summer, The Washington Quarterly, “Israel’s Pessimistic View of the Arab Spring,” p133, accessed 8-11-11, CMM) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) Beyond the usual reasons that peace AND (% class="underline" %)go into their cities without interference. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="BlockTitle" %) AT: Heg (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Heg is unsustainable – the economy, the dollar, and fatigue prove (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;background:lime;mso-highlight:lime" %)Layne(% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %), Professor and Robert M. Gates Chair in National Security at Texas A&M’s George H.W. Bush School of Government & Public Service, (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10pt; background: lime; mso-highlight: lime" %)10 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (Christopher, 5-1-10, “Graceful Decline,” http:~/~/www.amconmag.com/article/2010/may/01/00030/, accessed 3-4-11, CMM) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) (% style="font-family:~"Times~",~"serif~";mso-bidi-font-family: ~"Times New Roman~"" %)But (% class="underline" style="background: lime;mso-highlight:lime" %)America is(% class="underline" %) increasingly (% style="background: lime;mso-highlight:lime" %)unable to AND find themselves afflicted with hegemony fatigue. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) Heg decline doesn’t lead to war- today’s international order ensures peaceful incorporation of rivals- it’s easy to join and hard to overturn (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tagChar" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)Ikenberry(%%), (% class="tagChar" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)Princeton (%%)University (% class="tagChar" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)International Affairs professor(%%), Jan/Feb (% class="tagChar" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)8(%%), (% class="MsoNormal" %) (G. John, "The Rise of China and the Future of the West ," Foreign Affairs, [[http:~~/~~/www.foreignaffairs.org/20080101faessay87102/g-john-ikenberry/the-rise-of-china-and-the-future-of-the-west.html?mode=print>>http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20080101faessay87102/g-john-ikenberry/the-rise-of-china-and-the-future-of-the-west.html?mode=print]], accessed 9-15-9) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) (% style="font-size:6.0pt" %)But (% class="underline" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)not all (% class="underline" %)power (% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)transitions generate AND to overturn and easy to join. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %) (% class="BlockTitle" %) AT: Warming (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)No impact for decades – allows for adaptation which solves the impact (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)de Mesquita(%%), NYU Political Science Professor, Hoover Institute Senior Fellow, Nov/Dec. 200(% class="cite" style="font-size: 12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)9 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Bruce, "Recipe for Failure," http:~/~/www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2009/10/16/recipe_for_failure?page=full, 119] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) So how might we solve global AND galaxy, and beyond with abandon. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="background:aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %) (% class="BlockTitle" %) AT: Terrorism (% class="tag" %) No risk of nuclear terrorism (% class="tag" %) A. No organizational capacity (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)van den Bergh(%%), Eramus University IR Professor, Hague Social Studies Institute, Harvard Harkness Fellow, Neterlands Association for International Affairs Chairman, Dutch Ministries Foreign Affairs and Defense IR Advisory Council Member, May 200(% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)9 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Godfried van Benthem, "The Taming of the Great Nuclear Powers," http:~/~/www.carnegieendowment.org/npp/publications/index.cfm?fa=view&id=23152] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) (% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)Recently, a new fear has AND (% class="underline" style="background:yellow; mso-highlight:yellow" %)small(% style="font-size:8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %), relatively autonomous “(% class="underline" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)cells(% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %).” (% class="tag" %) (% class="tag" %) B. Probability of success is so low that there is also no motive (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)DeGroot(%%), St. Andrews University History Professor, November 200(% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)9 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Gerard, "Dismissing Doomsday," http:~/~/www.armscontrol.org/act/2009_11/BookReview, 11/9] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) Mueller sees nuclear weapons as a AND and expense—contradicts that ethic. (% class="card" %) In examining the terrorist scenario, (% class="underline" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)Mueller(%%) (% class="underline" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)analyzes (% class="underline" %)the process of (% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)funding, designing, building, transporting, and detonating a weapon and breaks(%%) the process (% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)down(%%) into (% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)20(%%) clearly identified (% class="underline" style="background:yellow; mso-highlight:yellow" %)tasks(%%). As he stresses, (% class="underline" %)the (% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)terrorist needs to succeed at each(%%) task, while (% style="background:yellow; mso-highlight:yellow" %)those who wish to stop(%%) him (% style="background: yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)require only one(%%) success. (% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)Even(%%) the very (% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)generous 50-50 odds(%%) that he gives for each stage in the process (% class="underline" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)mean the(% class="underline" %) accumulated (% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)likelihood of success(%%) (% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)is less than one in a million(%%). Examined through that lens, (% class="underline" %)a (% style="background: yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)decision to pursue nuclear weapons seems ludicrous(%%). (% class="underline" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)It makes no sense for a terrorist organization to invest huge sums of(% class="underline" %) money, time, and (% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)effort in such a risky enterprise(%%) because its purpose can be served much more easily by strapping a few pounds of gelignite to the body of a fanatic and sending him into a crowded train. For these reasons, Mueller is not greatly concerned by reports that al Qaeda has been seeking nuclear material and information for bomb-making. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="background:aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %)

  
  
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Tunisia Aff - K Answers

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• (% class="BlockTitle" %) 2ac – Anti-Blackness (% class="tag" %) Ethical policymaking must be grounded in consequences (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Isaac(%%), Indiana University James H. Rudy Professor of Political Science and Center for the Study of Democracy and Public Life director, Spring 200(% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)2 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (Jeffrey C. “Ends, Means, and Politics,” Dissent Magazine Vol. 49 Issue 2, p32) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) Power is not a dirty word AND (% style="background:yellow; mso-highlight:yellow" %). And(%%) (% class="underline" %)it (% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)undermines political effectiveness(%%). (% class="tag" %) (% class="tag" %) Utilitarianism precludes any other framework for evaluations, life comes first. (% class="card" style="margin-left:0in" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)Schell, 2000(%%) (policy analyst and proliferation expert, Jonathan, “The Fate of the Earth”, p. 94-5 *This card has been gender-modified) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" style="mso-fareast-font-family: ~"Times New Roman~"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow; text-decoration: none" %) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" %)To say that human extinction is AND (%%). We are in deep ignorance. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) Future oriented politics are critical to end oppressive policies and create a better future (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Kurasawa(%%), York University Assistant Sociology Professor and Yale University Cultural Sociology Center Associate Faculty, December 200(% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)4(%%), (% class="MsoNormal" %) (Fuyuki, “Cautionary Tales: The Global Culture of Prevention and the Work of Foresight,” Volume 11 Issue 4 Page 453-475) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) None of this is to disavow (% class="underline" style="mso-fareast-font-family:~"Times New Roman~";mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast; background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)AND (% class="underline" %), in the here and now(%%). (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) Engaging in theoretical philosophy only meant to persuade those in the room without any call to action outside of it creates a spectator mentality – it undermines all action to end human misery and change political structures – prefer policy discourse. (% class="MsoNormal" %) David E. (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)McClean(%%), New School University Professor, and Society for the Study of Africana Philosophy President, 20(% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)01(%%), “The Cultural Left and the Limits of Social Hope,” http:~/~/www.american-philosophy.org/archives/past_conference_programs/pc2001/Discussion%20papers/david_mcclean.htm (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:~"Lucida Grande~";color:black" %) (% class="card" %) (% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)Yet for some reason, at AND so-called "managerial class." (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) State action to end structures that perpetuate injustice are critical to end white supremacy – individual action and dialogue is insufficient (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Jensen(%%), Texas University Journalism Professor, Nowar Collective Founder, 200(% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)5 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Robert, (% class="underline" %)The Heart of Whiteness(%%), p.78-87] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) (% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)I'm all for diversity and its AND has been true in my life. (% class="tag" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Focusing on method is bad – it leads to political paralysis – we get stuck on focusing on how to implement instead implementing (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Fearon(%%), Stanford Political Science Professor, (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)and Wendt(%%), Ohio State IR Professor, 200(% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)2 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [James and Alexander, Handbook of International Relations, p. 68] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) It should be stressed that in AND should continue on all three levels. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) Epistemology doesn’t come first – it doesn’t disprove anything and decisions are still possible. (% class="tag" %) Wight, University of Exeter School of Humanities and social sciences politics department, 2007 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Colin, “Inside the epistemological cave all bets are off” [[http:~~/~~/www.ciaonet.org/olj/jird/jird_200703_v10n1_d.pdf>>http://www.ciaonet.org/olj/jird/jird_200703_v10n1_d.pdf]], p.43-46, accessed 10-22-11, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) In some respects, this might AND of our descriptions of them. 19 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) Case is a prerequisite to the alt – war sustains oppression, and peace is a prerequisite to justice (% class="MsoNormal" %) Joshua (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)Goldstein(%%), American University International Relations Professor, 20(% class="cite" style="font-size: 12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)01(%%), “War and Gender: How Gender Shapes the War System and Vice Versa,” p.411-412 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) (% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family:~"MS Mincho~"" %)I began this book hoping to AND (% class="underline" %)war (% style="background:yellow; mso-highlight:yellow" %)seems(% style="font-size:8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:~"MS Mincho~"" %) to be (% class="underline" style="mso-fareast-font-family:~"Times New Roman~"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)empirically inadequate(% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family:~"MS Mincho~"" %). (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) Their Omelade impact evidence is awful – perm solves masking but we don’t mask structural violence, their author also would conclude nuclear war is bad (% class="tag" %) (% class="tag" %) Their impact doesn’t escalate – systems of violence are not causal to international war (% style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt" %) (% class="cite" %)Hinde and Pulkkinnen, Cambridge psychology professor(% style="font-size:11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold" %) (% style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold" %)and University of Jyväskylä psychology professor(% style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold" %), (% class="cite" %)2000 (% style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt" %) (% style="font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold" %)[Robert and Lea, [[(% style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none" %) DRAFT Background Paper for Working Group 1: HUMAN AGGRESSIVENESS AND WAR, 50th Pugwash Conference On Science and World Affairs: "Eliminating the Causes of War" Queens' College, Cambridge , UK, 3-8 August (% style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none; color: blue" %)__http:~~/~~/www.pugwash.org/reports/pac/pac256/WG1draft1.htm__>>http://www.pugwash.org/reports/pac/pac256/WG1draft1.htm]](%%)] (% style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt" %) (% style="font-size:10.0pt" %)** ** (% class="card" %) **__People are capable of perpetrating __**the AND (% class="underline" %)the causal factors remain largely unexplored(%%). (% class="MsoNormal" %) **~ ** (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Tech key to warming – they don’t solve. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Atkisson, President and CEO of environmental sustainability group, ‘1 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; " %)(Alan, The Atkisson Group, international sustainability group that advises governments and corporations, “Sustainability is Dead – Long Live Sustainability,” 10-18-01, [[http:~~/~~/www.rrcap.unep.org/uneptg06/course/Robert/SustainabilityManifesto2001.pdf>>http://www.rrcap.unep.org/uneptg06/course/Robert/SustainabilityManifesto2001.pdf]](%%), accessed 9-10-10) PM (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; " %) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" style="mso-fareast-font-family:~"Times New Roman~"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)Our economies and technologies are changing (% class="underline" %)AND (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; " %)whole associated with their inevitable collapse. (% class="MsoNormal" %) **~ ** (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)**Our use of nuclear fear and discourse is necessary to check extinction- it provides the consciousness to ensure peace in the face of nuclear war and worse** (% class="MsoNormal" %) JAH (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)Futterman(%%), former US Nuclear Weapons Scientist, 19(% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)94 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [“Obscenity and Peace: Meditations on the Morality of Nuclear Weapons Work,” [[http:~~/~~/www.dogchurch.org/scriptorium/nuke.html>>http://www.dogchurch.org/scriptorium/nuke.html]] ] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) But the inhibitory effect of reliable AND (% class="underline" style="mso-fareast-font-family: ~"Times New Roman~";mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;background:yellow; mso-highlight:yellow" %)urgency that it might otherwise lack. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) Their alt fails – their Wilderson evidence is not reverse causal – anti-blackness my structure civil society but their evidence does not describe how to change that or why the ballot is relevant to that (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) (% class="cite" %)Their blanket rejection of democracy assistance which is distinct from the democracy promotion interventionism of Bush makes interaction with the East impossible, dooming solvency. (% class="tag" %) (% class="cite" %)Youngs(%%), (% class="cite" %)FRIDE Director General(%%), ‘(% class="cite" %)11(%%), (% class="MsoNormal" %) (Richard, “Misunderstanding the maladies of liberal democracy promotion”, FRIDE is A European Think Tank for Global Action, 1-25-11, [[http:~~/~~/fride.org/download/WP106_Liberal_Democracy2_jan11.pdf>>http://fride.org/download/WP106_Liberal_Democracy2_jan11.pdf]], accessed 9-12-11) PM (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" %)Two commonly-made (% style="background: aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %)assumptions rest AND (%%)needed are more subtle in nature. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) Alt fails – links prove they aren’t an international approach – that’s key. (% class="tag" %) Bush, St. John’s University sociology associate professor, No Date (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Roderick, At least written by 2004 if not later, “Reflections on Black Internationalism As Strategy” [[http:~~/~~/sdonline.org/38/reflections-on-black-internationalism-as-strategy/>>http://sdonline.org/38/reflections-on-black-internationalism-as-strategy/]], accessed 1-2-12, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) This contribution by Patricia Hill CollinsAND civil rights but of human rights. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) Wrong starting point – the aff erases the history of Africa and creates the notion of a passive African in the face of oppression by their focus on slavery. (% class="tag" %) (% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)Kaplan(%%), University of Southampton professor emeritus of English, and Oldfield, University of Southampton modern history professor, 20(% style="background: yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)10 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Cora and John, “Imagining transatlantic slavery” p.162-3, accessed from a book on 1-21-11, TP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="underline" style="text-decoration:none" %) (% class="card" %) One of the high points in AND (% class="underline" style="mso-fareast-font-family:~"Times New Roman~";mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast; background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)outfall of the slave trade now(%%). (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %) (% class="tag" %) Exclusion individualizes the oppressed from the universal we – taking empowerment from identity only ensures the perpetuity of exclusion or identity breakdown. (% class="tag" %) (% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)Brown(%%), University of California Santa Cruz political science professor, (% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)1993 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Wendy, Sage Publications, Political Theory vol. 21 no 3, “Wounded Attachments” Jstor, p.398, accessed12-20-10, TP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) Contemporary (% class="underline" style="mso-fareast-font-family: ~"Times New Roman~";mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;background:yellow; mso-highlight:yellow" %)politicized identity(% style="background: yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %) (%%)contests the terms AND (% class="underline" style="mso-fareast-font-family:~"Times New Roman~"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)their own perpetuity as identities(% class="underline" %).(%%)13 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) Turn—White Dehumanization—Criticisms of “whiteness” demonize all white people rather than just social domination- guarantees failure (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Newitz(%%), journalist, former U.S. Berkeley professor, (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)97 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Annalee, //White Trash: Race and Class in America//, "White Savagary and Humiliation, or a New Racial Consciousness in the Media," edited by, Matt Wray and Annalee Newitz, 1997, pg 149-150] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" %)Rather than offering a way of AND love necessary to abolish racist practice(%%). (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) Criticizing institutions or systems does nothing for creating a more just world. (% class="tag" %) Best, University of Texas El Paso Philosophy and Humanities associate professor, and Kellner, University of California Los Angeles Philosophy of Education George Kneller Chair, 2004 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Steven and Douglas, “Richard Rorty and Postmodern Theory” [[http:~~/~~/pages.gseis.ucla.edu/faculty/kellner/essays/richardrortypostmoderntheory.pdf>>http://pages.gseis.ucla.edu/faculty/kellner/essays/richardrortypostmoderntheory.pdf]], accessed 1-2-11, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) From this step follows the third AND gestures, however vague or problematic. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) {{id name="_Toc313116121"/}}2ac – Capitalism Bad (% class="tag" %) AND case turns the k, not the other way around (% class="MsoNormal" %) Joshua (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)Goldstein(%%), American University International Relations Professor, 20(% class="cite" style="font-size: 12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)01(%%), “War and Gender: How Gender Shapes the War System and Vice Versa,” p.411-412 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) (% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family:~"MS Mincho~"" %)I began this book hoping to AND (% class="underline" %)war (% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)seems(% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:~"MS Mincho~"" %) to be (% class="underline" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight: yellow" %)empirically inadequate(% style="font-size:8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:~"MS Mincho~"" %). (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %) (% class="tag" %) (% class="cite" %)The plan isn’t inherently tied to capitalism – rejection of democracy is a worse form of imperialism (% class="tag" %) (% class="cite" %)Youngs(%%), (% class="cite" %)FRIDE Director General(%%), ‘(% class="cite" %)11(%%), (% class="MsoNormal" %) (Richard, “Misunderstanding the maladies of liberal democracy promotion”, FRIDE is A European Think Tank for Global Action, 1-25-11, [[http:~~/~~/fride.org/download/WP106_Liberal_Democracy2_jan11.pdf>>http://fride.org/download/WP106_Liberal_Democracy2_jan11.pdf]], accessed 9-12-11) PM (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) Third, (% class="underline" style="background:yellow; mso-highlight:yellow" %)central to critical perspectives AND (% class="underline" %)particular conceptual model of democratic reform. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) No link – stopping corruption ends neoliberal policy toward Tunisia (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Mihalakas, Associate Professor of International Economic Law and Business at the Univeristy of New York Tirana, ‘11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; " %)(Athanasios, “Trade Agenda for the Arab Spring,” 9-12-11, [[(% class="cite cite cite" style="font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 10pt" %)http:~~/~~/www.isn.ethz.ch/isn/Current-Affairs/ISN-Insights/Detail?lng=en&id=132809&contextid734=132809&contextid735=132807&tabid=132807&dynrel=4888caa0-b3db-1461-98b9-e20e7b9c13d4,0c54e3b3-1e9c-be1e-2c24-a6a8c7060233>>http://www.isn.ethz.ch/isn/Current-Affairs/ISN-Insights/Detail?lng=en&id=132809&contextid734=132809&contextid735=132807&tabid=132807&dynrel=4888caa0-b3db-1461-98b9-e20e7b9c13d4,0c54e3b3-1e9c-be1e-2c24-a6a8c7060233]](%%), accessed 9-14-11) PM (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt; " %) (% class="card" %) As many analysts have pointed outAND (% class="underline" %)and more "business as usual." (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-style:italic" %)**4. Double bind – either they need a clear roadmap that proposes a gradual withdraw or their movement creates radical transitions wars that replace capitalism anyway** (% class="MsoNormal" %) Lee (% class="tagChar" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)Harris, Atlanta Writer(%%), 20(% class="tagChar" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)02(%%), Two, (Policy Review, December, p3(13) The intellectual origins of America-Bashing) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) This is the immiserization thesis of AND would be reduced to pipe dreams. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %) (% class="tag" %) ~11. Ethical policymaking must be grounded in consequences (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Isaac(%%), Indiana University James H. Rudy Professor of Political Science and Center for the Study of Democracy and Public Life director, Spring 200(% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)2 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (Jeffrey C. “Ends, Means, and Politics,” Dissent Magazine Vol. 49 Issue 2, p32) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) Power is not a dirty word AND (% style="background:yellow; mso-highlight:yellow" %). And(%%) (% class="underline" %)it (% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)undermines political effectiveness(%%). (% class="tag" %) (% class="tag" %) Epistemology doesn’t come first – doesn’t preclude accurate judgments even if we don’t know the world perfectly. (% class="tag" %) Wight, University of Exeter School of Humanities and social sciences politics department, 2007 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Colin, “Inside the epistemological cave all bets are off” [[http:~~/~~/www.ciaonet.org/olj/jird/jird_200703_v10n1_d.pdf>>http://www.ciaonet.org/olj/jird/jird_200703_v10n1_d.pdf]], p.43-46, accessed 10-22-11, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) In some respects, this might AND of our descriptions of them. 19 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:~"Times New Roman~",~"serif~"; mso-fareast-font-family:~"Times New Roman~";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-font-kerning:16.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US; mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" %)**__ __**(%%)2ac – Seduction (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)AND, combination with politics is key to cope with life at the borderline –rational abstraction overcomes their obsession with rupture. (% class="citenon-bold" %) Douglas (% class="tagChar" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)Kellner(%%), (% style="font-size:8.0pt" %)George F. Kneller Chair in the Philosophy of Education at UCLA(%%), (% class="tagChar" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)1989(%%) (% style="font-size:8.0pt" %)["Boundaries and Borderlines: Reflections on Jean Baudrillard and Critical Theory," Current Perspectives in Social Theory, Volume 9, Reposted via the Illuminations Project at the University of Texas at Arlington, Available Online at http:~/~/www.uta.edu/huma/illuminations/kell2.htm, Accessed 09-04-2003] (% class="citenon-bold" %) (% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %) (% class="card" %) (% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)Yet (% class="underline" %)against a radical implosive postmodernism AND political problems which confront us today(% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %). (% class="citenon-bold" style="margin-top:.1pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: .1pt;margin-left:0in" %) (% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %) (% class="tag" %) 5. Their alternative is nihilistic. (% class="citenon-bold" %) Chris (% class="tagChar" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)Rojek(%%), professor of sociology, Nottingham Trent University, FORGET BUADRILLARD?, 19(% class="tagChar" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)93(%%), p. 109 (% class="TagCite" %) (% lang="X-NONE" style="font-size:10.5pt;color:black" %) (% class="card" %) (% class="UnunderlinedChar" lang="X-NONE" style="font-size: 6.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt" %)What end is this strategy designed AND of the present-day metropolis? (% class="TagCite" %) (% class="UnunderlinedChar" lang="X-NONE" style="font-size: 6pt; " %) (% class="tag" %) A. Genocide (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size:8.0pt" %)Steven E.(%%) (% class="tagChar" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)Aschheim, 1996(%%) (% style="font-size:8.0pt" %)CULTURE AND CATASTROPHE: GERMAN AND JEWISH CONFRONTATIONS WITH NATIONAL SOCIALISM AND OTHER CRISES, p. 112-113 (% class="Paste" style="text-align:justify" %) (% style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12pt; font-family: ~"Times New Roman~" ~"serif~"; text-decoration: none" %)__ __ (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight: yellow" %)Nazism (% class="underline" %)was part of a wider AND (% class="UnunderlinedChar" lang="X-NONE" style="font-size:6.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt" %)it as possible to your­self.' (% class="TagCite" %) (% lang="X-NONE" %) (% class="tag" %) B. Turns alt solvency (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size:11.5pt;color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold" %)Paul **Mann**, Professor of (% style="color:black; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold" %)English, (% style="font-size:11.5pt;color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold" %)Pomona, POSTMODERN CULTURE, May **1995**, p. 156 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="color:black" %) (% class="card" %) (% class="UnunderlinedChar" lang="X-NONE" style="font-size: 6.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt" %)One might find it amusing to AND advanced the same favor to us? (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) 6. Criticisms of reality ignore oppression, perpetuating it. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size:11.5pt;color:black" %)**Christopher Norris, **(% style="color:black" %)philosophy professor, University of Wales, UNCRITICAL THEORY: POSTMODERNISM, INTELLECTUALS, AND THE GULF WAR, (% class="TagCiteChar" lang="X-NONE" style="font-size:12.0pt" %)1992(% style="color:black" %), p. 29 (% class="citenon-bold" %) (% class="card" %) One could still TRY to clear AND (% class="underline" %)subject to thc tightest 'security' restrictions. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) 2ac – Gender K (% class="tag" %) Epistemology doesn’t determine reality – we can have a flawed epistemology but still prescribe good actions. (% class="tag" %) Wight, University of Exeter School of Humanities and social sciences politics department, 2007 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Colin, “Inside the epistemological cave all bets are off” [[http:~~/~~/www.ciaonet.org/olj/jird/jird_200703_v10n1_d.pdf>>http://www.ciaonet.org/olj/jird/jird_200703_v10n1_d.pdf]], p.43-46, accessed 10-22-11, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) In some respects, this might AND of our descriptions of them. 19 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)B. Evaluate existential threats first (% class="card" style="margin-left:0in" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)Schell, 2000(%%) (policy analyst and proliferation expert, Jonathan, “The Fate of the Earth”, p. 94-5 *This card has been gender-modified) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" style="background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow; text-decoration: none" %) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" %)To say that human extinction is AND (%%). We are in deep ignorance. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %) (% class="tag" %) C. That’s key to their ethics impacts (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Isaac(%%), Indiana University James H. Rudy Professor of Political Science and Center for the Study of Democracy and Public Life director, Spring 200(% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)2 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (Jeffrey C. “Ends, Means, and Politics,” Dissent Magazine Vol. 49 Issue 2, p32) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) Power is not a dirty word AND (% style="background:yellow; mso-highlight:yellow" %). And(%%) (% class="underline" %)it (% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)undermines political effectiveness(%%). (% class="tag" %) (% class="tag" %) (% class="cite" %) (% class="tag" %) (% class="cite" %)9. Their links generalize democracy assistance – their blanket approach makes interaction with the East impossible, dooming solvency. (% class="tag" %) (% class="cite" %)Youngs(%%), (% class="cite" %)FRIDE Director General(%%), ‘(% class="cite" %)11(%%), (% class="MsoNormal" %) (Richard, “Misunderstanding the maladies of liberal democracy promotion”, FRIDE is A European Think Tank for Global Action, 1-25-11, [[http:~~/~~/fride.org/download/WP106_Liberal_Democracy2_jan11.pdf>>http://fride.org/download/WP106_Liberal_Democracy2_jan11.pdf]], accessed 9-12-11) PM (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" %)Two commonly-made (% style="background: aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %)assumptions rest AND (%%)needed are more subtle in nature. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)AND, their root cause claims are wrong (% class="citenon-bold" %) Brian (% class="tagChar" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)Martin(%%), Professor of Science, Technology and Society at the University of Wollongong, ‘(% class="tagChar" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)90(%%) ([[http:~~/~~/www.uow.edu.au/arts/sts/bmartin/pubs/90uw/uw13.html>>http://www.uow.edu.au/arts/sts/bmartin/pubs/90uw/uw13.html||title="http://www.uow.edu.au/arts/sts/bmartin/pubs/90uw/uw13.html"]]) (% class="citenon-bold" %) (% class="card" %) In this chapter and in the AND (% class="underline" %)for grassroots movements to uproot them(%%). (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) **Democracy is a precondition to the struggle for rights and value** (% class="MsoNormal" %) Chantal (% style="font-size:10.5pt" %)**__Mouffe__**(%%), College International de Philosophie, //Dimensions of Radical Democracy,//** (% style="font-size:10.5pt" %)’__92__(%%)**, pg 2 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size:9.5pt" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) Radical democracy must acknowledge that (% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)__the AND equal society has to be waged__(%%)__.__ (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) Democracy gives women a voice, reduces gender bias, and spreads equal human dignity (% class="MsoNormal" %) Johan **__Norberg, Timbro__** (Swedish think tank) **__fellow, 03__**, //In Defense of Global Capitalism//, p. 45 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)**__Democratization gives women a voice in AND dignity spreads__**(% style="background:yellow; mso-highlight:yellow" %), **__knocking out discrimination__**(%%). (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) **Embracing democracy is an essential jumping board for any criticism** (% class="MsoNormal" %) Chantal (% style="font-size:10.5pt" %)**__Mouffe__**(%%), College International de Philosophie, //Dimensions of Radical Democracy,//** (% style="font-size:10.5pt" %)’__92__(%%)**, pg 1 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size:9.5pt" %) (% class="card" %) On the eve of the twentyAND (% style="background:yellow; mso-highlight:yellow" %)**__more radical principles for organizing society__**(%%). (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Ceding the political means the alt gets coopted and worse forms of gendered practices emerge (% class="MsoNormal" %) Catherine (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)MacKinnon(%%), University of Michigan Law School Elizabeth A. Long Law Professor, 20(% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)05(%%), “Women’s Lives, Men’s Laws, p. 42-3 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) There is a legitimate question, AND . Every day of our lives. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) {{id name="_Toc313114949"/}}{{id name="_Toc313115125"/}}{{id name="_Toc313115301"/}} (% class="BlockTitle" %) (% style="text-decoration:none" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:~"Times New Roman~",~"serif~"; mso-fareast-font-family:~"Times New Roman~";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-font-kerning:16.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US; mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" %)**__ __**(%%)2ac – Orientalism (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)B. Evaluate existential threats first (% class="card" style="margin-left:0in" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size: 12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)Schell, 2000(%%) (policy analyst and proliferation expert, Jonathan, “The Fate of the Earth”, p. 94-5 *This card has been gender-modified) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" style="background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow; text-decoration: none" %) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" %)To say that human extinction is AND (%%). We are in deep ignorance. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %) (% class="tag" %) That’s key to their ethics impacts (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Isaac(%%), Indiana University James H. Rudy Professor of Political Science and Center for the Study of Democracy and Public Life director, Spring 200(% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)2 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (Jeffrey C. “Ends, Means, and Politics,” Dissent Magazine Vol. 49 Issue 2, p32) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) Power is not a dirty word AND (% style="background:yellow; mso-highlight:yellow" %). And(%%) (% class="underline" %)it (% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)undermines political effectiveness(%%). (% class="tag" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)4. Their links are about generic democracy promotion. Means perm – do the plan and non contradictory parts of the alt. If the alt can solve things like humanitarian aid and US military intervention, then the perm can solve the residual link to the aff (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) (% class="cite" %)They generalize democracy assistance – their links are empirically disproven and make alt solvency impossible (% class="tag" %) (% class="cite" %)Youngs(%%), (% class="cite" %)FRIDE Director General(%%), ‘(% class="cite" %)11(%%), (% class="MsoNormal" %) (Richard, “Misunderstanding the maladies of liberal democracy promotion”, FRIDE is A European Think Tank for Global Action, 1-25-11, [[http:~~/~~/fride.org/download/WP106_Liberal_Democracy2_jan11.pdf>>http://fride.org/download/WP106_Liberal_Democracy2_jan11.pdf]], accessed 9-12-11) PM (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" %)Two commonly-made (% style="background: aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %)assumptions rest AND (%%)needed are more subtle in nature. (% class="tag" %) (% class="cite" %) (% class="tag" %) That generalization allows the perm to solve – the critique papers over historical developments and creates policy paralysis – they just recreate a new dominant discourse. (% class="tag" %) Teitelbaum and Litvak, , Tel Aviv Univeristy Moshe Dayan Center for Middle East and African Studies senior fellows, 2006 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Joshua, Bar Ilan University Middle Eastern History adjunct senior lecturer, and Meir, Middle East Review of international affairs, Volume 10, No. 1, Article 2, “Students, Teachers, and Edward Said: Taking Stock of Orientalism” [[http:~~/~~/meria.idc.ac.il/journal/2006/issue1/jv10no1a2.html>>http://meria.idc.ac.il/journal/2006/issue1/jv10no1a2.html]], accessed 11-11-11, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) In the final analysis, thenAND (% class="underline" %)myths or preconceptions which insiders share(%%). (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) Hands off our spring ignores the ethical components of complicity and necessary action – it recreates orientalism and doesn’t assume the conditionality of the plan – the populations have a choice and the plan can empower grassroots movements. (% class="tag" %) Sadiki, University of Exeter Middle East Politics senior lecturer, 2011 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Larbi, “The mathematics of the Arab Spring” [[http:~~/~~/www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2011/05/2011531132934920499.html>>http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2011/05/2011531132934920499.html]], accessed 1-2-12, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) Two fundamental principles must be understood AND Arab populace. This must change. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="BlockTitle" %) 2ac – Process (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)**Debates about threats in the academic world result in better policy-making—real threats can be confronted and risks can be weighed.** (% class="tag" %) Walt, IR professor at Harvard, 91 (% class="MsoNormal" %) Professor of Political Science, University of Chicago – 1991 (Stephen, INTERNATIONAL STUDIES QUARTERLY, p. 229-30) (% class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.25in" %) (% class="card" %) A recurring theme of this essay AND academics an additional avenue of influence. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %) (% class="tag" %) (% class="cite" %)9. Don’t let them get away with their generic K – (%%)The neg needs to disprove the factual claims of the 1AC (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Yudowsky, Singularity Institute for AI Research Fellow and Director, 06 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Eliezer, 8/31/2006, Cognitive Biases Potentially Affecting Judgment of Global Risk, http:~/~/www.singinst.org/ourresearch/publications/cognitive-biases.pdf] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Times-Roman;mso-bidi-language: EN-US;mso-bidi-font-style:italic" %)** ** (% class="card" %) Every true idea which discomforts you will seem to match the pattern of at least one psychological error. (% class="card" %) Robert Pirsig said: (% class="underline" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)"The AND (%%)take your eye off the ball. (% class="card" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Our empirics overwhelm their links - acting on the truth claims of the 1ac is key to prevent destructive ideologies like Nazism (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Norris, University Wales-Cardiff Philosophy Professor, 1996 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (Christopher, Prof. Phil. – U. Wales-Cardiff, “Reclaiming Truth: Contributions to a Critique of Cultural Relativism”, p. 60-62) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) Hence-most recently-his AND (% class="underline" %)sphere of reasoned and principled debate(%%). (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)That leads to genocide (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Matas, Former Con Law Professor, McGill Univeristy, 2005 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (David, Formerly taught Constitutional Law @ McGill, "Aftershock: Anti-Zionism and Anti-Semitism", p. 177-178, Google Print) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" %)Facing the obliteration of the Holocaust AND (%%)=wing extremists in our midst. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Fear of war is good – allows understanding of IR that prevents conflict (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)J.A.H Futterman, US National Lab employee, theorist in general relativity, 1994 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (“Meditations on the Bomb”) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) But the inhibitory effect of reliable AND (% class="underline" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)urgency that it might otherwise lack(% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %). (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) Epistemology doesn’t determine reality – we can have a flawed epistemology but still prescribe good actions. (% class="tag" %) Wight, University of Exeter School of Humanities and social sciences politics department, 2007 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Colin, “Inside the epistemological cave all bets are off” [[http:~~/~~/www.ciaonet.org/olj/jird/jird_200703_v10n1_d.pdf>>http://www.ciaonet.org/olj/jird/jird_200703_v10n1_d.pdf]], p.43-46, accessed 10-22-11, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) In some respects, this might AND of our descriptions of them. 19 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Focusing on method is bad – it leads to political paralysis (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Fearon(%%), Stanford Political Science Professor, (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)and Wendt(%%), Ohio State IR Professor, 200(% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)2 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [James and Alexander, Handbook of International Relations, p. 68] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) It should be stressed that in AND should continue on all three levels. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="BlockTitle" %) 2ac – Grammar of Encounter K (% class="tag" %) The alt fails – it is impossible to determine whether the world of the k is better than the world of the aff – the alt doesn’t and can’t do anything. (% class="tag" %) Best, University of Texas El Paso Philosophy and Humanities associate professor, and Kellner, University of California Los Angeles Philosophy of Education George Kneller Chair, 2004 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Steven and Douglas, “Richard Rorty and Postmodern Theory” [[http:~~/~~/pages.gseis.ucla.edu/faculty/kellner/essays/richardrortypostmoderntheory.pdf>>http://pages.gseis.ucla.edu/faculty/kellner/essays/richardrortypostmoderntheory.pdf]], accessed 1-2-11, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) Thus, the first plank in (% class="underline" %)AND (%%)himself still writing philosophy not fiction. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) Future oriented politics are critical to end oppressive policies and create a better future (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Kurasawa(%%), York University Assistant Sociology Professor and Yale University Cultural Sociology Center Associate Faculty, December 200(% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)4(%%), (% class="MsoNormal" %) (Fuyuki, “Cautionary Tales: The Global Culture of Prevention and the Work of Foresight,” Volume 11 Issue 4 Page 453-475) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) None of this is to disavow (% class="underline" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)AND (% class="underline" %)practice, and a public responsibility(%%). (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight: yellow" %)To believe otherwise(% style="background:yellow; mso-highlight:yellow" %) (% class="underline" %)is(%%), I AND (% class="underline" %), in the here and now(%%). (% class="card" %) (% class="tag" %) All discourse is contingent – it can be reframed – that means that the k doesn’t disprove the plan, just its justifications – not a reason to vote neg. (% class="tag" %) Marston, University of Queensland School of social work and social policy, 2002 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Greg, “Fashion, Fiction, Fertile Inquiry? Struggling With the Postmodern Challenge and Social Policy Analysis” [[http:~~/~~/www.sprc.unsw.edu.au/media/File/NSPC01_Marston.pdf>>http://www.sprc.unsw.edu.au/media/File/NSPC01_Marston.pdf]], p.307, accessed 11-13-11, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) Positivist conceptions of language as an AND (% class="underline" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)they are also contestable and contingent(%%). (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) It is necessary to learn the language of the state- their form of opposition will always be transitory, getting co-opted by the government or society. It may be necessary but is not sufficient (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Sullivan, the New Republic – editor, 1995(% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %) (Andrew, Virtually Normal, pg. 91-93) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %) (% class="card" %) (% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)Moreover, (% class="underline" %)mere cultural redeployment(% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %) in AND something more like a human home.” (% class="tag" %) (% class="tag" %) Ethical policymaking must be grounded in consequences (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Isaac(%%), Indiana University James H. Rudy Professor of Political Science and Center for the Study of Democracy and Public Life director, Spring 200(% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)2 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (Jeffrey C. “Ends, Means, and Politics,” Dissent Magazine Vol. 49 Issue 2, p32) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) Power is not a dirty word AND (% style="background:yellow; mso-highlight:yellow" %). And(%%) (% class="underline" %)it (% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)undermines political effectiveness(%%). (% class="tag" %)

  
  
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Tunisia Aff - 2ac Case Cards

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• 2ac - AT: DPT False (% class="tag" %) Democratic peace theory is true – statistically proven (% class="tag" %) Dafoe, UCal Berkeley political science Ph.D candidate, 2011 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Allan, Midwest Political Science Association, American Journal of Political Science, Vol 55 No 2 April 2011, “Statistical Critiques of the Democratic Peace: Caveat Emptor” [[http:~~/~~/onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00487.x/pdf>>http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00487.x/pdf]], p.247-8, accessed 10-27-11, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) The “democratic peace”—(% class="underline" %)the AND (%%)and Bennett 2004; Ray 1995). (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="BlockTitle" %) 2ac – Tunisia Key (% class="tag" %) Post-election assistance provides a window of opportunity. (% class="tag" %) Lieberman, Connecticut Senator, 10-20-11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Joseph, “The Arab Spring's First Democratic Election” [[http:~~/~~/online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970204346104576637291577418566.html>>http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970204346104576637291577418566.html]], accessed 12-30-11, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) On Sunday, the Arab Spring's AND (% class="underline" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)story. (% class="underline" %)We should seize it(%%). (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) Tunisia is the litmus test for US cred. (% class="tag" %) Khatib, Center for Democracy, Development, and the Rule of Law Arab reform and democracy program manager, 2011 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Lina, “Tunisia: the house of cards” [[http:~~/~~/cddrl.stanford.edu/news/tunisia_the_house_of_cards_20110117/>>http://cddrl.stanford.edu/news/tunisia_the_house_of_cards_20110117/]], accessed 12-30-11, T(% style="text-transform:uppercase" %)AP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="text-transform:uppercase" %) (% class="card" %) On the foreign policy front, (% class="underline" %)AND (%%)be a mere house of cards. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) The plan is key to fulfill Obama’s Cairo promises (% class="tag" %) (% style="background:aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %)Hamid, Brookings(%%) (% style="background:aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %)research director(%%), (% style="background:aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %)11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Shadi, Brookings Doha Center research director, 4-26-11, “The Struggle for Middle East Democracy” [[http:~~/~~/www.brookings.edu/articles/2011/0426_middle_east_hamid.aspx>>http://www.brookings.edu/articles/2011/0426_middle_east_hamid.aspx]], accessed 9-24-11, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) The revolutions are far from completeAND (% class="underline" style="background:aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %)address (% class="underline" %)but failed to deliver on. (% class="MsoNormal" %)

  
  
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Tunisia Aff - Add-Ons

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• (% class="BlockTitle" %) 2ac – Warming (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Plan solves renewables (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Komendantova et al, the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, 5-19-11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (Nadejda, Anthony Patt and Stefan Pfenninger, “Corruption Blocks Solar Sahara Project,” http:~/~/blog.transparency.org/2011/05/19/corruption-blocks-solar-sahara-project/, accessed 9-22-11, CMM) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) (% class="Emphasis2" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight: yellow" %)Renewable energy sources in North Africa AND (% class="underline" %)necessary to fight climate change unrealized(%%). (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) Africa is key to combatting global warming. (% class="tag" %) Kaberuku, African Development Bank president, 12-26-11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Donald, “Let Africa show the way on climate change” [[http:~~/~~/gulfnews.com/opinions/columnists/let-africa-show-the-way-on-climate-change-1.956807>>http://gulfnews.com/opinions/columnists/let-africa-show-the-way-on-climate-change-1.956807]], accessed 1-1-12, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) Arguably, (% class="underline" %)the greatest calamities facing AND (% style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)that have an impact (%%)on development(%%). (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tagChar" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)Warming leads to extinction (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" %)Tickell, Climate Researcher, 8 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (Oliver,The Guardian, 11 Aug, “On a planet 4C hotter, all we can prepare for is extinction,”. http:~/~/www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2008/aug/11/climatechange, accessed 9-4-10, CMM) (% class="card" %) (% class="card" %) We need to get prepared for AND (% class="underline" style="mso-fareast-font-family:~"Times New Roman~";mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast; background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)us towards a similar hothouse Earth(% class="underline" %). (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="BlockTitle" %) 2ac – Israel Add-On (% class="tag" %) Iranian heg isolates Israel – nuclearization causes pre-emptive strike. (% class="tag" %) Corsi, PHD Harvard political science degree, 2006 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Jerome, “Condi, stay home” [[http:~~/~~/www.wnd.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=51135>>http://www.wnd.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=51135]], accessed 12-28-11, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) This time Israel is playing for AND President Bush, (% class="underline" %)thinks(%%) or says. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) Global nuclear war. (% class="tag" %) Adams, Gold Eagle, 1997 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [J, “THE SHOCK!: War In The Middle East?” [[http:~~/~~/www.gold-eagle.com/gold_digest/anon504.html>>http://www.gold-eagle.com/gold_digest/anon504.html]], accessed 12-28-11, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" style="mso-fareast-font-family:~"Times New Roman~"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)Israel is increasingly concerned by Iran's AND (%%)preparing to unleash on the West. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="BlockTitle" %) 2ac – Iran – Israel and Strait of Hormuz Add-On (% class="tag" %) Iranian heg isolates Israel – nuclearization causes pre-emptive strike. (% class="tag" %) Corsi, PHD Harvard political science degree, 2006 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Jerome, “Condi, stay home” [[http:~~/~~/www.wnd.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=51135>>http://www.wnd.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=51135]], accessed 12-28-11, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) This time Israel is playing for AND President Bush, (% class="underline" %)thinks(%%) or says. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) Global nuclear war. (% class="tag" %) Adams, Gold Eagle, 1997 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [J, “THE SHOCK!: War In The Middle East?” [[http:~~/~~/www.gold-eagle.com/gold_digest/anon504.html>>http://www.gold-eagle.com/gold_digest/anon504.html]], accessed 12-28-11, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" style="mso-fareast-font-family:~"Times New Roman~"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)Israel is increasingly concerned by Iran's AND (%%)preparing to unleash on the West. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) Strike is likely – Iran would close the Strait of Hormuz. (% class="tag" %) Katzman, Congressional Research Service Middle Eastern affairs specialist, 12-15-11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Kenneth, “Iran: U.S. concerns and policy responses” [[http:~~/~~/www.fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RL32048.pdf>>http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RL32048.pdf]], p.62-3, accessed 12-28-11, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" style="mso-fareast-font-family:~"Times New Roman~"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)Some experts express greater concern over AND (% class="underline" %)NPT(%%) and refuse any IAEA inspections. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="tag" %) Strategic calculations are irrelevant – Iran would close the stait – collapses the global economy. (% class="tag" %) Omidi, University of Isfahan assistant international relations professor, 12-28-11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) [Ali, “Iran Viewpoint: Strait Of Hormuz As Iran’s Trump Card – OpEd” [[http:~~/~~/www.eurasiareview.com/28122011-iran-viewpoint-strait-of-hormuz-as-iran%E2%80%99s-trump-card-oped/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+eurasiareview%2FVsnE+%28Eurasia+Review%29>>http://www.eurasiareview.com/28122011-iran-viewpoint-strait-of-hormuz-as-iran%E2%80%99s-trump-card-oped/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+eurasiareview%2FVsnE+%28Eurasia+Review%29]], accessed 12-31-11, TAP] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) On the other hand, (% class="underline" style="mso-fareast-font-family: ~"Times New Roman~";mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;background:yellow; mso-highlight:yellow" %)senior AND (% class="underline" %)million barrels per day by 2020(%%). (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %)

  
  
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Tunisia Aff - Orientalism Adv - Navy Quarters

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• Orientalism Adv

  Corruption thwarts civil society in Tunisia – stunts the democratic movements on the ground.

  Paciello, Istituto Affari Internazionali Rome research assistant, 2011

  [Maria, La Sapienza University of Rome economic and political geography of development lecturer, MEDPRO technical report 3, May 2011, “Tunisia: Changes and Challenges of Political Transition” http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&ved=0CCkQFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ceps.be%2Fceps%2Fdownload%2F5632&ei=Ycn6TueuMoru0gGijenHAg&usg=AFQjCNHauKqRRmdTSINJrWxApzWBRTifmg&sig2=eqnddkqX7JVbupmToE5FWQ, p.21, accessed 12-27-11, TAP]

   

  As seen above, Tunisia is AND , particularly in the interior regions.

   

  Indigenous reformers desire to protect the Tunisian revolution AND they have requested US democracy assistance.

  Allen, Democracy Digest, 2011

  [Michael, “Tunisia: home-grown revolution needs foreign support” http://www.demdigest.net/blog/2011/01/home-grown-revolution-needs-foreign-support-say-tunisians/, accessed 12-27-11, TAP]

   

  There are promising signs that the AND of democracy abroad,” he contends.

   

  Tunisians requests democracy assistance to combat corruption.

  Uwimana, Transparency International Africa and Middle East regional director, 2011

  [Chantal, 4-8-11, “Transparency International in Tunisia” http://blog.transparency.org/2011/04/08/transparency-international-in-tunisia/, accessed 12-19-11, TAP]

   

  Now that the dictatorship is overAND even worse than under Ben Ali.

   

  Democracy assistance doesn’t propose a static idea of democracy – it is the mere realization of the desires of groups in the ground in Tunisia.

  Youngs, FRIDE Director General, 2011,

  (Richard, “Misunderstanding the maladies of liberal democracy promotion”, FRIDE is A European Think Tank for Global Action, 1-25, Pg. 9, PAS) http://fride.org/download/WP106_Liberal_Democracy2_jan11.pdf 7-23-11

   

  A sixth point: the associated AND mediation, not replicating Western institutions.

   

  The revolution in Tunisia is overwriting the current narrative of Orientalism – by fulfilling the request for democracy assistance, the plan aligns itself with the ethics of the movements and allows Tunisians to speak for themselves.

  Sadiki, University of Exeter Middle East Politics senior lecturer, 2011

  [Larbi, “The mathematics of the Arab Spring” http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2011/05/2011531132934920499.html, accessed  1-2-12, TAP]

   

  Two fundamental principles must be understood AND Arab populace. This must change.

   

  Orientalism is rooted in a racialized logic that results in extinction.

  Batur, Vassar College Sociology Professor, 2007,

  (Pinar, "Heart of Violence: Global Racism, War, and Genocide", Handbooks of the Sociology of Racial and Ethnic Relations, Pg. 447-449, PAS) http://www.springerlink.com/content/l80u6w5832n313nu/fulltext.pdf 10-16-11

   

  At the turn of the 20th AND up with  genocide, in Darfur.

   

  
  
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Tunisia Aff - Warming Adv - Navy Quarters

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• Warming Adv

  Warming is real and anthropogenic and feedbacks are positive – outweighs any cooling effect.

  Eurasia Review, 1-8-12

  [“Global Warming Caused By Greenhouse Gases Delays Natural Patterns Of Glaciation” http://www.eurasiareview.com/08012012-global-warming-caused-by-greenhouse-gases-delays-natural-patterns-of-glaciation/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+eurasiareview%2FVsnE+%28Eurasia+Review%29, accessed 1-13-12, TAP]

   

  Unprecedented levels of greenhouse gases in AND . “All bets are off.”

   

  Corruption prevents renewable energy development in Tunisia.

  Komendantova et al, the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, 5-19-11

  (Nadejda, Anthony Patt and Stefan Pfenninger, “Corruption Blocks Solar Sahara Project,” http://blog.transparency.org/2011/05/19/corruption-blocks-solar-sahara-project/, accessed 9-22-11, CMM)

   

  Renewable energy sources in North Africa AND necessary to fight climate change unrealized.

   

  African leadership on warming is key to combat climate change.

  Kaberuku, African Development Bank president, 12-26-11

  [Donald, “Let Africa show the way on climate change” http://gulfnews.com/opinions/columnists/let-africa-show-the-way-on-climate-change-1.956807, accessed 1-1-12, TAP]

   

  Arguably, the greatest calamities facing AND that have an impact on development.

   

  Warming makes the planet uninhabitable – planetary extinction.

  Tickell, Climate Researcher, 8

  (Oliver,The Guardian, 11 Aug, “On a planet 4C hotter, all we can prepare for is extinction,”. http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2008/aug/11/climatechange, accessed 9-4-10, CMM)

   

  We need to get prepared for AND us towards a similar hothouse Earth. 

   

  Destruction of the coral reefs results in extinction from collapse of marine biodiversity.

  Inter Press Service, 2006

  [IPS is a non-profit climate news network, “Climate Change Shattering Marine Food Chain” http://www.climateark.org/shared/reader/welcome.aspx?linkid=55070&keybold=coral%20reef%20dying%20Pacific, accessed 1-16-12, TAP]

   

  "Twenty percent of Earth's reefs AND ," Doney said in an interview.

   

  The harms of CO2 outweigh CO2 fert- independently it causes 5.5 billion people to starve.

  Strom, University of Arizona planetary science emeritus professor, 2007

  [Robert, studied climate change for 15 years, the former Director of the Space Imagery Center, a NASA Regional Planetary Image Facility, “Hot House”, SpringerLink, p.<211-216>, TAP]

   

  We are certainly beginning to see AND with all their ramifications for civilization.

   

  Resource wars over food lead to World War 3.

  Calvin, University of Washington theoretical neurophysiology, 1998

  [William H, "The great climate flip-flop," The Atlantic Monthly 281(1):47-64, http://williamcalvin.com/1990s/1998AtlanticClimate.htm, ACC: 6.28.07, accessed 1-16-12, TAP]

   

  The population-crash scenario is AND vulnerability is particularly easy to analyze.

   

  Transparency assistance in Tunisia would solve democracy.

  Cordesman, CSIS Burke Strategy chair, 8-22-11

  [Anthony, DOD distinguished service medal recipient, “Next Steps in Libya (Egypt, Tunisia, and Other States with New Regimes)” http://csis.org/publication/next-steps-libya-egypt-tunisia-and-other-states-new-regimes, accessed 12-23-11, TAP]

   

  A Decisive Case for US Aid AND eyes without sacrificing real security concerns.

   

  Expanding transparency efforts are key to solve institutional change in Tunisia.

  Sullivan, Ph.D., the Executive Director of the Center for International Private Enterprise (CIPE), 11

  (John D, 2-23-11, Project on Middle East Democracy, “Rethinking Development Assistance in the Middle East,” pages3-4, http://pomed.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/policy-brief-series_sullivan.pdf, accessed 9-25-11, CMM)

   

  In a section highlighting the need AND business, especially in public procurement.

   

  Tunisian persons have requested assistance with consolidating democracy.

  Ouakaa, Tunisian man writing in NPR, 2011

  [Zouhair, “The Root: What Tunisia Needs Now Is Outside Support” http://www.npr.org/2011/01/27/133267064/the-root-what-tunisia-needs-now-is-outside-support, accessed 12-27-11, TAP]

   

  After living abroad for 20 yearsAND , rightfully so, as heroes.

   

  
  
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