FYI

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• If you want cites bug Drew:

  bonnetdrew[at]gmail[dot]com

  
  
• 
  
  

Case Debate V Syria Civil Society (Minn CE)

• Tournament: GSU | Round: 1 | Opponent: Minn CE | Judge: ERob
  
  
• 1NC

  Advantage One:

   

  Syria democracy leads to fundamentalist takeover

  McConnell 11--Director, Stanford Constitutional Law Center; Senior Fellow, Hoover Institution

  Michael, Would Regime Change Bring Civil and Religious Freedom to Syrians?, 8/10/11, http://www.advancingafreesociety.org/2011/08/10/syrian-christians/

  Like most Americans, I have been cheering

  AND

  regime which would endanger your freedom to worship?

  Picking political winners and losers undercuts US credibility and damages the targeted groups

  Carothers, ’11 – [director of the Democracy and Rule of Law Project at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace]

  Thomas, Author or editor on 8 books on democracy promotion and advisor for Center for Global Development and Project on Middle East Democracy, “How not to promote democracy in Egypt,” The Washington Post, 2/24/11, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/02/24/AR2011022406530.html, AD 7/5/11

  As the U.S. government assesses the

  political Islamists and Americans.

  Aid undermines the legitimacy of recipients

  Khakee ’08 – PhD in IR

  Anna, currently working on projects for FRIDE, a Madrid-based policy think tank and the Euro-Mediterranean Study Commission (EuroMeSCo), focussing on democracy promotion, “Pragmatism Rather than Backlash: Moroccan Perceptions of Western Democracy Promotion,” November 2008, EuroMesco, http://malta.academia.edu/AnnaKhakee/Papers/303352/Pragmatism_Rather_Than_Backlash_Moroccan_Perceptions_of_Western_Democracy_Promotion, 7/15/11

  This report examines a different,

  AND

  report thus seeks to answer questions such as:

  Dozens regional conflicts disprove escalation.

  Drum ‘7

  Kevin Drum, political bloger. September 9, 2007. “The Choas Hawk...”. The Washington Monthly’s Political Animal Blog. http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/archives/individual/2007_09/012029.php

  Having admitted, however, that the

  AND

  No regional conflagration.

  No risk of great power wars- economics, democracy, and nuclear weapons all make it impossible

  Deudney and Ikenberry 9—Pols professor @ John Hopkins and International Affairs professor @Princeton

  (Daniel and John, Foreign Affairs, January/February)

  This bleak outlook is based on an exaggeration

  AND

  primed for peace than the autocratic revivalists acknowledge.

  Terrorism is not an existential threat – at most it will kill a few hundred people a year – the fear of WMD terrorism is overblown

  Mueller ‘11

  John Mueller is Professor of Political Science at Ohio State University. He is the author of Atomic Obsession. “The truth about al Qaeda”. August 5, 2011. CNN’s Global Public Square. http://globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2011/08/05/the-truth-about-al-qaeda/

  Outside of war zones,

  AND

  elephants there, either

  Advantage Two:

  The Obama administration is not promoting democracy.

  Dem Digest 8/5

  Democracy Digest. “Promoting democracy – the means shape the ends”. August 5, 2011. http://www.demdigest.net/blog/2011/08/promoting-democracy-the-means-shape-the-ends/

  Most US presidents since Woodrow

  AND

  as a trans-Atlantic project, and more generally.)

  Fails—

  Local key 

  Salem 11

  Paul Salem, 7/21/11, director of the Carnegie Middle East Center in Beirut, “Consolidating Egyptian Democracy”, <http://carnegie-mec.org/publications/?fa=45146&lang=en>

  A second very important level of

  AND

  sustainable democracy in Egypt.

  US agencies—prefer stability

  Carothers ‘11

  Thomas Carothers, he vice president for studies at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. He is the founder and director of the Democracy and Rule of Law Program, which analyzes the state of democracy in the world. Think Again: Arab Democracy. March 10, 2011. http://carnegieendowment.org/2011/03/10/think-again-arab-democracy/2ba

  Not so fast. In his most recent

  AND

  Middle East is easy to imagine.

  Target governments-smother democracy

  Youngs 10 –(Richard, director general of FRIDE and assistant professor at the University of Warwick, June, “How to Revitalise Democracy Assistance: Recipients’ Views” http://www.fride.org/publication/777/how-to-revitalise-democracy-assistance:-recipients%27views)gw

  One related lesson learnt in previous years

  AND

  being done tilts the balance too far away from the latter.  

  2NC

  An existential threat to Assad would cause him to use chemical weapons.
  Spector ‘11
  Leonard Spector is executive director of the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies Washington, DC, office and formerly served as assistant deputy administrator for arms control and nonproliferation at the National Nuclear Security Administration. “Assad's Chemical Romance”. Foreign Policy. August 23, 2011. http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/08/23/assads_chemical_romance
  Syria is one ... within an hour.
  
  Resistance is to weak
  Pillar 11—professor of security studies @ Georgetown
  8/10/11, Paul, Assad's Uncertain Departure Path, http://nationalinterest.org/blog/paul-pillar/assads-uncertain-departure-path-5749
  The popular uprising in Syria ... be the one to do it.
  
  There is no coherent opposition movement causing the plan to increase Assad’s credibility
  Hassan 8/28 Hassan, “Syria’s Opposition has failed to Provide a Viable Alternative” The National Online August 28th, 2011 http://www.thenational.ae/thenationalconversation/comment/syrias-opposition-has-failed-to-offer-a-viable-alternative
  Although the opposition ... of their armed campaign.
  
  The Generals won’t split from Assad – fear of reprisal
  Doran and Shaikh ‘11
  Michael S. Doran, is a visiting professor at the Robert F. Wagner Graduate School for Public Service at New York University, Ph.D. in History, Princeton University, An expert on the international politics of the Middle East, and Salman Shaikh, director of the Brookings Doha Center and fellow at the Saban Center for Middle East Policy. “Getting Serious in Syria”. American Interest Online. June 22, 2011. http://www.the-american-interest.com/article.cfm?piece=1001
  Situated around the ruling family ... out in a post-Asad Syria.
  
  Assad is not on the brink of collapse – majority of Syrians still support Assad – your authors exaggerate the opposition.
  Landis 8/5
  Joshua Landis is the director of the Center for Middle East Studies and associate professor at the University of Oklahoma. “As quiet returns, Syrians ponder the future”. April 5, 2011. The Middle East Channel at Foreign Policy. http://mideast.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2011/04/05/as_quiet_returns_Syrians_ponder_the_future
  Syria experienced its first ... sizable numbers to support the government.
  
  Plan angers Turkey—they favor engaging with Assad than supporting the opposition
  Badran 11
  8/16/11, Tony, Obama’s Options in Damascus, http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/68129/tony-badran/obamas-options-in-damascus?page=3&cid=rss-rss_xml-obamas_options_in_damascus-000000
  Turkey and the United States ... is to preserve this status.
  
  
  Collapse of relations causes Nuclear war
  MacWillie 2—Lt. Colonel
  Donald, The Increasing Importance of Turkey for U.S. Security, http://stinet.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA401681&Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf
  Since the collapse of the Soviet ...world's most sensitive regions is critical.

  
  
• 
  
  

Case Debate v Bahrain TRC (Emory)

• Tournament: GSU | Round: 3 | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  
• 1NC

  Realism and the self-help theory are rooted in human nature –  anarchic worlds from the dawn of time to today created an impetus for realist thought.

  Thayer ‘4

  Thayer has been a Fellow at the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University and has taught at Dartmouth College and the University of Minnesota [Darwin and International Relations: On the Evolutionary Origins of War and Ethnic Conflict, University of Kentucky Press, 2004, pg. 75-76

  The central issue here is what causes states to

  AND

  tribes need for food, shelter, or other resources).

  Realism subverts neoconservative politics – constraints rampant ideology by focusing on national (instead of individual) interest

  Schuett 11 – PhD in the philosophy of political realism in international relations, Research Fellow in the School of Government and International Affairs, University of Durham

  Robert, “Peace Through Transformation? Political Realism and the Progressivism of National Security,”  International Relations, 25.2, SAGE Pub

  The positivisation of the concept of interest

  AND

  and positive human agency.

  Their moral tunnel vision is complicit with the evil they criticize.

  Isaac ‘2—Professor of Political Science at Indiana-Bloomington

  Jeffery C., Director of the Center for the Study of Democracy and Public Life, PhD from Yale Dissent Magazine, Vol. 49, Iss. 2, “Ends, Means, and Politics,” p. Proquest.

  As a result, the most important political

  AND

  undermines political effectiveness.

  Knowledge about the future is possible. The difficulties of careful foresight only make it more necessary

  Kurasawa ‘4

  (Fuyuki, Assistant Professor of Sociology at York University, “Cautionary Tales: The Global Culture of Prevention and the Work of Foresight,” Constellations, 11:4, p. 458-459)

  When engaging in the labor of preventive

  AND

  avoidable sources of harm to our successors.

  Claims of Root Cause are Silly Oversimplifications That Explain Nothing

  May ‘2

  Collin May 12-18-2002

  http://innocentsabroad.blogspot.com/2002_12_15_innocentsabroad_archive.html#90069170

  Unfortunately for our scholarly friends,

  AND

  the gullible and justify the foolish.

  Self-fulfilling prophecy is backwards – failure to express our fears causes them to occur.

  Macy ‘95

  Joanna Macy, General Systems Scholar and Deep Ecologist, 1995, Ecopsychology.

  There is also the superstition

  AND

  l guilty of contributing to that very fate.

  US fence-straddling has killed its credibility with both the regime and the protestors

  Dorsey ‘11

  James M. Dorsey, formerly of The Wall Street Journal, is a senior fellow at Nanyang Technological University’s S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, “US fence straddling fuels anti-Americanism in Syria and Bahrain”28 July 2011 al-Arabiya News http://www.alarabiya.net/articles/2011/07/28/159828.html, AD 8/26/11

  The US effort in Bahrain to, on

  AND

  Friday in front of its embassy in Manama.

  The Bahraini government views democracy assistance as a Western tool to undermine Sunni rule

  Gengler ’11 – former Fulbright fellow in Bahrain

  Justin, PhD candidate at U of Michigan, Foreign Policy, “The other side of radicalization in Bahrain,” 7/15/11, http://mideast.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2011/07/15/the_other_side_of_radicalization_in_bahrain, AD 7/18/11

  Around the same time, Bahrain's most

  AND

  an official protest by the U.S. embassy.

  
  
• 
  
  

Resolutionality

• Tournament: GSU | Round: 6 | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• == 1NC == ((( ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Resolved means to enact by law ))) ((( ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Words and Phrases 64 ))) ((( ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Permanent Edition ))) ((( ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Definition of the word ))) ((( ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)AND ))) ((( ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)establish by law”. ))) ((( ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)The United States federal government refers to the actual government ))) ((( ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Black’s Law Dictionary 90 ))) ((( ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)6th Ed., p. 695 ))) ((( ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)In the United States, ))) ((( ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)AND ))) ((( ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)township governments. ))) ((( ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Should implies obligation to action ))) ((( ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Merriam-Webster 2 ))) ((( ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Merriam-Webster, Incorporated, 2002, 10th Edition, http:~/~/www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/should ))) ((( ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Used in auxiliary function to express obligation, propriety, or expediency. ))) ((( ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)1) Without Limits debate becomes impossible—T is a jurisdictional voting issue ))) ((( ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Shively 2k—Professor of Political Science, Texas A & M ))) ((( ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Ruth, Political Theory and Partisan Politics, p. 181-2 ))) ((( ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)The requirements thus far are primarily ))) ((( ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)AND ))) ((( ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)on some basic agreement or harmony. ))) ((( ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)b) Without critical thinking skills developed through clash and competition we can’t effectively act on content-specific knowledge ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)English et al 7 ))) ((( ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Eric English, Stephen Llano, Gordon R. Mitchell, Catherine E. Morrison, John Rief & Carly Woods, all former debate coaches, “Debate as a Weapon of Mass Destruction” http:~/~/www.pitt.edu/~~gordonm/JPubs/EnglishDAWG.pdf ))) ((( ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)It is our position, however, that rather ))) ((( ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)AND ))) ((( ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)brand the activity as a ‘‘weapon of mass destruction.’’ ))) ((( ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)5) Switch-side debating on the topic is uniquely important. It allows debaters to become better advocates and increases critical thinking ))) ((( ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Dybvig and Iverson 99 ))) ((( ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Kristin Chisholm Dybvig, and Joel O. Iverson, Can Cutting Cards Carve into Our Personal Lives: An Analysis of Debate Research on Personal Advocacy, http:~/~/www.uvm.edu/~~debate/dybvigiverson1000.html ))) ((( ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Not all debate research ))) ((( ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)AND ))) ((( ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)their own stance on issues. ))) ((( ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %) ))) == 2NC == ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %) Fairness is key to justice—we have an obligation to obey the rules Rawls 58—Prof of Philosophy @ Cornell John, Philosophical Review, “Justice as Fairness”, 67:2, April, p. 178-181, JSTOR Gender Modified 5. That the principles of justice ... form of paying dues, and so on. \\Only by accepting the duty of fair play can we perceive the dignity of the other. Cheating reduces the other to a mere obstacle to personal success. Rawls 58—Prof of Philosophy @ Cornell John, Philosophical Review, “Justice as Fairness”, 67:2, April, p. 178-181, JSTOR Similarly, the acceptance ... duty of fair play. \\Limits are an a priori reason to vote negative—without a fixed set of rules debate becomes impossible Shively 2k—Professor of Political Science, Texas A & M Ruth, Political Theory and Partisan Politics, p. 179 To put this point another... support we can give them. \\Limits challenge conservative politics. They enable political contestation and true revolutionary advocacies. Their fear of exclusion makes their framework self-defeating Shively 2k—Professor of Political Science, Texas A & M [gender modified] Ruth, Political Theory and Partisan Politics, p. 180-1 Thus far, I have argued ... who reject civility and democracy. \\We must posit ourselves as the government in order to make participatory democracy possible and generate understanding among peoples Rawls 99 John, The Law of Peoples, 1999, p. 56-57 How is the ideal of public reason ... understanding among peoples. \\All acts of deliberation require exclusion—otherwise debate becomes impossible Ehniger ’70 –Professor of Speech @ Iowa Douglas, Speech Monographs, “Argument as Method: Its Nature, Its Limitation and Its Uses”, Volume 37, p. 108 If two friends differ on whether ... to the position of the other. )))

  
  
• 
  
  

EU CP

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• ((( sSometimes we read this without the internal net benefit. If we do that, the 1NC is just the Tocci and Cassarino card. == 1NC == (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)The EU has pre-existing channels for effective, equal-partner democracy aid ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Tocci and Cassarino ‘11 ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Nathalie Tocci is Deputy Director of the Istituto Affari Internazionali, Rome. Jean-Pierre Cassarino is parttime professor at the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, European University Institute, Florence, and scientific advisor at the Istituto Affari Internazionali, Rome “Rethinking the EU’s Mediterranean Policies Post-1/11” IAI WORKING PAPERS 11 | 06 – March 2011 www.iai.it/pdf/DocIAI/iaiwp1106.pdf, AD 9/13/11 ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)The Arab revolts do not call for Europe to reinvent ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)AND ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)private sectors and the civil societies of the neighbouring countries too. ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)The EU must alter its policy towards to the Arab world regain credibility – the EU’s reaction will be the litmus test for its credibility as an international actor – must increase democracy assistance not bilateral engagement. ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Lecha and Viilup ‘11 ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Eduard Soler i Lecha, is a Research Fellow in Barcelona Centre for International Affairs, and Elina Viilup, is a Research Fellow in Barcelona Centre for International Affairs. “European Neighbourhood Policy Review: the forgotten East”. June 26, 2011. http:~/~/www.easternpartnership.org/community/debate/european-neighbourhood-policy-review-forgotten-east ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)The Joint Communication from the ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)AND ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)among the plethora of the new and old instruments. ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)The EU-US influence is zero-sum– America’s void is critical to the EU’s power. ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Smith ‘11 ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Michael E. Smith, Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Georgia State University. “A liberal grand strategy in a realist world? Power, purpose and the EU's changing global role”. Journal of European Public Policy Volume 18, Issue 2, 2011. Taylor & Francis Online. ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)The major external consideration ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)AND ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)to its various member states (interviews, 2007–2010). ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)EU soft power is key to solve warming ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Ischinger ‘7 ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Wolfgang Ischinger, German ambassador to Britain. “Can the EU Fill Leadership Void Left by US?”. The Guardian. March 22, 2007. http:~/~/www.china.org.cn/english/international/203945.htm ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)In 2007, most will agree that the unipolar moment, ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)AND ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)carbon dioxide emissions and energy saving. ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Warming leads to extinction ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Burkett 8 – Professor of Law ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Maxine Burkett, Associate Professor, University of Colorado Law School, 2008, “Just Solutions to Climate Change: A Climate Justice Proposal for a Domestic Clean Development Mechanism,” 56 Buffalo L. Rev. 169, Lexis ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)The unparalleled scale of ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)AND ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)and cope with its consequences. == (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)2NC(%%) == (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)The format of multilateralism encourages buck-passing – means the perm solves worse – not a solvency takeout, EU works as a unitary body Crocker et al 11 – Professor of Strategic Studies @ Georgetown Chester, “Collective conflict management: a new formula for global peace and security cooperation?,” International Affairs, 87.1, Wiley Online Of course, there is ... into no CM [conflict management] at all. \\The perm will not reinvigorate the transatlantic alliance with Europe. Helgesen ‘11 Vidar Helgesen, Secretary-General of International IDEA. “Reinvigorating the Infrastructure for Democracy Support: Strengthening multilateral mechanisms for coordinating and implementing democracy policy – what role for the EU and US”. March 3, 2011. http:~/~/www.idea.int/resources/analysis/upload/2011-03-03-International-IDEA-NDI-paper-final.pdf Reviewing the transatlantic ... proven to be utterly misguided. \\U.S. and EU influence are zero-sum – the EU must act alone. Larive ‘11 Maxime Larivé, a PhD Candidate in International Relations at the University of Miami. “The European Union, Tunisia and Egypt: Norms versus Interests Thoughts and Recommendations”. Miami-Florida European Union Center of Excellence Vol 8 No 2. February 2011. aei.pitt.edu/29774/2/LariveEgyptEUMA2011edi.pdf The two revolutions underline ... become disruptive for the future of the region. )))

  
  
• 
  
  

Saudi Relations DA

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• ((( = **R1NC** = (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Saudi Relations on the brink now - U.S. action on Arab spring can make or break the relationship ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Lobe 9/14 ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Jim, BA History magna cum lade, JD Berkley, served as Washington D.C. correspondent and chief of the Washington , bureau of Inter Press Service (IPS), an international news agency In addition to IPS, Jim has written for a number of internet publications, including Al Jazeera English, Alternet, TomPaine.com, Foreign Policy in Focus, RightWeb, The American Prospect, the Asia Times, and the Daily Star of Beirut IPS news 9/14/11 Agreeing on Less and Less http:~/~/www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=105103 ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Accumulating strains between the United ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)AND ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)relations with the Muslim world, empower Iran and threaten regional security". ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Interference in the Arab spring crushes US-Saudi relations, overwhelms oil ties ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Bloomberg 11 ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)(July 17, "Arab Spring Pits Saudi Security Against U.S. Support for Change" http:~/~/www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-07-17/arab-spring-pits-saudi-security-concern-against-u-s-support-for-uprisings.html; SRM) ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)A day before Mubarak ceded ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)AND ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)while North America got 22 percent. ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Causes China fill-in ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Luft, 2006 (Gal, executive director of the Institute for the Analysis of Global Security (IAGS) a Washington based think tank focused on energy security, specializes in strategy, geopolitics, terrorism, Middle East and energy security. “Fueling the dragon: China's race into the oil market”, http:~/~/www.iags.org/china.htm) ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)A key component of ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)AND ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)and offer China an expanded role. ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)War between the US and China ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Luft 2004 (Gal, executive director of the Institute for the Analysis of Global Security (IAGS) a Washington based think tank focused on energy security, specializes in strategy, geopolitics, terrorism, Middle East and energy security, Los Angeles Times, “US, China Are on Collision Course Over Oil” http:~/~/www.globalpolicy.org/security/natres/oil/2004/0202collision.htm) ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Optimists claim that the world oil market ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)And ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)China's slide into total dependency ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)US-China war goes nuclear ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Johnson 1 ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Chalmers, The Nation, May 14, Wilson OmniFile: Full Text Select )))

  
  
• 
  
  

(R.I.P.) SKFTA

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• ((( Impact Scenarios varied, but this was the 1NC. == 1NC == (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Capital is key ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Reuters 9/2 ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Obama's trade legacy in a crucible this fall, http:~/~/www.reuters.com/article/2011/09/02/us-usa-obama-trade-idUSTRE7814CZ20110902 ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)In addition to the challenge from ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)AND ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Peterson Institute for International Economics. ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Plan drains capital ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Lennon 9—Senior Fellow @ CSIS ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Alexander T.J., Democracy in U.S. Security Strategy, March 2009, http:~/~/csis.org/files/media/csis/pubs/090310_lennon_democracy_web.pdf ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Initially, momentum seemed to be ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)AND ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)way of life, our way of government”19 ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Failure to ratify SKFTA kills the US-ROK Alliance ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Yonhap News 8/30 ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Severe damage to alliance expected if FTA fails: CRS, http:~/~/english.yonhapnews.co.kr/national/2011/08/30/52/0301000000AEN20110830000400315F.HTML ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)A collapse in the United ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)AND ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)of whom would likely see it as a betrayal." ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Alliance key to stop South Korean proliferation ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Hughes 2007 ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Christopher W., PhD University of Sheffield, 1997, Reader/Associate Professor, University of Warwick. “North Korea’s Nuclear Weapons: Implications for the Nuclear Ambitions of Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan,” January, Asia Policy No 3, http:~/~/www.nbr.org/publications/asia_policy/AP3/AP3Hughes.pdf ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)South Korea’s history of ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)AND ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)of its own deterrent, thus enabling the reaffirmation of U.S. security guarantees.54 ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Escalates to global nuclear war ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Cirincione 2000 ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Joseph, Director of the Non-Proliferation Project at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Foreign Policy, “The Asian Nuclear Reaction Chain”, JStor ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)The blocks would fall quickest and hardest ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)AND ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)combat use of a nuclear weapon since 1945. ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Asian instability triggers massive impacts – nuclear escalation, climate chaos, global agriculture, the economy, & causes prolif ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Hamel-Green, Victory University Executive Dean, & Hayes, Nautilus Institute Executive Director, 10 ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)[Peter & Michael, 1-5-10, “The Path Not Taken, the Way Still Open: Denuclearizing the Korean Peninsula and Northeast Asia”, 1-5-10, http:~/~/www.nautilus.org/publications/essays/napsnet/reports/10001HayesHamalGreen.pdf/view, accessed 7-1-11] ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)The consequences of failing to address ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)AND ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)air-transported materials could similarly be intercepted. )))

  
  
• 
  
  

Marxism

• Tournament: GSU | Round: 6 | Opponent: L'Ville | Judge: Jarman
  
  

• ((( == (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)1NC(%%) == ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)RACE AND CLASS ARE DIALECTICALLY CONJOINED IN THE REPRODUCTION OF CAPITALIST RELATIONS—CAPITALISM RACIALIZES SUBJECTS TO ENTRENCH COMPETITION AND DESTROY UNIVERSAL CONSCIOUSNESS AS WELL AS SUSTAINS WHITE RACISM AS A METHOD OF PAPERING OVER CONTRADICTIONS. ALL OF THIS IS USED TO MAINTAIN THE SYSTEM OF CAPITAL ACCUMULATION ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %) ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)san juan 2003 ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)[E., Fulbright Lecturer at Univ of Leuven, “Marxism and the Race/Class Problematic: A Re-Articulation”, p. online] ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)It seems obvious that racism ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)AND ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)structures and retooled practices of domination and subordination. ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)THE ABSENCE OF STRUCTURAL HISTORICISM IS NO MERE OVERSIGHT, NOR IS IT ENOUGH TO SIMPLY MENTION ECONOMICS IN A FEW OF YOUR CARDS~-~- THE RELIANCE OF INDENTY-BASED POLITICS IS NOT AN ACCIDENTAL INSTANCE OF IGNORING CLASS. THE DEMAND ARISES OUT OF THE CRISIS OF LIBERALISM—SUCH POLITICS PARTICULARIZES THE OPPRESSIONS OF CAPITALISM TO THE POINT THAT THE UNIVERSAL SYSTEM IS NATURALIZED. ATTAINING WHITE, MALE BOURGEOISSE PRIVILEGE BECOMES THE BENCH-MARK OF POLITICAL SUCCESS, RE-ENTRENCHING THE VERY FOUNDATION OF THE SYSTEM ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %) ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)BROWN 93 ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)[Wendy, Professor and Genius, “Wounded Attachments”, Political Theory, Aug] ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Although this détente between ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)AND ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)bound to the explicitly politicized marking. ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)THE REDUCTION OF CLASS TO A NEUTRAL LEVEL AMONG A LONG LIST OF OTHER OPPRESSIONS SUCH AS RACE AND GENDER, DESTROYS THE EMANCIPATORY POTENTIAL OF CLASS TO REACH ACROSS ALL LINES OF INDENTITY AND FORGE POLITICAL ACTION. CLASS MUST BE RECOGNIZED AS QUALITATIVELY MORE IMPORTANT—OTHERWISE THE SYSTEM IS ABLE TO SATISFY DEMANDS ON GROUNDS OF FORMAL EQUALITY, DESTROYING ATTEMPTS TO OVERCOME CAPITALIST OPPRESSION~*~** ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %) ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)gimenez 2001 ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)[Martha, Prof. Of Sociology at CU Boulder, “Marxism and Class, Gender and Race”, Race Gender and Class, Vol. 8, p. online] ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)There are many competing theories ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)AND ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)grounded in "intersectionality" is class power. ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %) ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)MODERN RACISM IS FUNDAMENTALLY ECONOMIC—LOOKING FOR GREATER SOURCES OF PROFIT AND CHEAP LABOR, CAPITALISTS INSTITUTIONALIZED SLAVE-LABOR AND JUSTIFIED THIS ATROCITY THROUGH MANUFACTURING IDEOLOGICAL NARRATIVES OF ‘INFERIORITY’ AND THE CONCEPT OF RACE ITSELF ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %) ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)cloud 2003 ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)[Dana, Prof at UT Austin, Talk for Regional Socialist Conference, “Marxism and Oppression”, 4.19] ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Many people coming to radical motives and the capitalist system. ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Vote Negative to validate and adopt the method of structural/historical criticism that is the 1NC. ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)THIS IS NOT THE ALTERNATIVE, BUT IN TRUTH THE ONLY OPTION— METHOD IS THE FOREMOST POLITICAL QUESTION BECAUSE ONE MUST UNDERSTAND THE EXISTING SOCIAL TOTALITY BEFORE ONE CAN ACT ON IT—GROUNDING THE SITES OF POLITICAL CONTESTATION OR KNOWLEDGE OUTSIDE OF LABOR AND SURPLUS VALUE MERELY SERVE TO HUMANIZE CAPITAL AND PREVENT A TRANSITION TO A SOCIETY BEYOND OPPRESSION ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %) ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)tumino 2001 ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)[Stephen, Prof English at Pitt, ““What is Orthodox Marxism and Why it Matters Now More than Ever”, Red Critique, p. online] ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Any effective political theory ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)AND ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)masquerades as social theory. ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)METHODOLOGY IS THE FOREMOST POINT OF DEPARTURE TO ANY POLITICAL QUERY. YOU SHOULD EVALUATE EPISTEMOLOGY FIRST BECAUSE THE WAY YOU THINK ABOUT PROBLEMS DETERMINES HOW YOU RESPOND TO THEM AND THE CONSEQUENCES THEY ENGENDER ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %) ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Smith ‘96 ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)[Steve, Professor of International Politics at the University of Wales, Aberystwyth, “Positivism and Beyond,” International theory: Positivism and beyond, New York: Cambridge University Press, 12-1 3] ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)But the stakes are also high ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)AND ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)at first sight seem to be the case ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %) )))

  
  
• 
  
  

T- Regime Change

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• ((( == 1NC == (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Democracy assistance is about reforming government structures – not regime change ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Craner & Wollack ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Lorne Craner was Assistant Secretary for Democracy, Human Rights and Labor for Secretary of State Colin ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Powell. Upon his departure from the State Department, Secretary Powell presented Craner with the Distinguished Service Award, Kenneth Wollack President, National Democratic Institute ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)New Directions for Democracy Promotion http:~/~/www.ndi.org/files/2344_newdirections_engpdf_07242008.pdf ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)“Regime change” is not ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)AND ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)democracy is about choice. ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Democracy assistance definitionally requires consent of the existing government authorities ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Berdiyev ‘10 ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Larissa Ogertschning-Berdiyev. Office for the Promotion of Parliamentary Democracy. “Getting Acquainted: Setting the Stage for Democracy Assistance”. August 2010. http:~/~/www.europarl.europa.eu/pdf/oppd/Page_8/getting_acquainted_web.pdf ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Democracy assistance – one of the ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)AND ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)particular socio-economic assistance. ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)People who call oppositional support democracy assistance are using the term incorrectly for political purposes ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)NED ‘6 ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)A Report prepared by the National Endowment for Democracy for Senator Richard G. Lugar, Chairman Committee on Foreign Relations United States Senate. “The Backlash against Democracy Assistance”. June 8, 2006. www.ned.org/docs/backlash06.pdf ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)The association of democracy ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)AND ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)secure genuine, sustainable change. )))

  
  
• 
  
  

T- Funds/Materials/Expertise

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• ((( == 1NC == (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Democracy assistance is the non-profit transfer of funds, expertise and material to foster democratic groups and institutions already working towards democracy. ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Lappin ‘10 ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Richard Lappin, a PhD candidate at the Centre for Peace Research and Strategic Studies at the University of Leuven in Belgium, He has participated in over a dozen democracy assistance missions with the UN, EU, OSCE and Carter Center, visiting Scholar at the Faculty of Political Sciences at the University of Belgrade under the JoinEU-SEE programme. “What We Talk About When We Talk About Democracy Assistance: The Problem of Definition in Post-Conflict Approaches to Democratisation”. Central European Journal of International and Security Studies. Vol.4, No.1, May (2010). http:~/~/www.cejiss.org/sites/default/files/8.pdf ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Democracy assistance can be most ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)AND ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)media groups and political parties. == (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)2NC(%%) == Democracy assistance excludes transitional democracies- it is only for countries already in the process of democratizing Burnell ‘2k Peter J. Burnell, Professor of Politics and International Studies @ the University of Warwick, an invited member of the founding Executive Committee of the journal Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft and on the editorial boards of Democratization and Government and Opposition. “Democracy Assistance: The State of the Discourse” in Democracy assistance: international co-operation for democratization. 2000. p.10 A different view maintains ... different forms of democracy assistance. \\Defining democracy assistance as anything that helps democracy in some manner direct or indirect undermines the value of the term – defining it as a positive measure that directly helps democracies political variables resolves the problems of definitional uncertainty. Burnell ‘2k Peter J. Burnell, Professor of Politics and International Studies @ the University of Warwick, an invited member of the founding Executive Committee of the journal Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft and on the editorial boards of Democratization and Government and Opposition. “Democracy Assistance: The State of the Discourse” in Democracy assistance: international co-operation for democratization. 2000. p.12-13 All things considered, it follows that if democracy ... answers to questions such as these. \\Creating a new initiative is democracy promotion, which is distinct and explodes the topic. Lappin ‘10 Richard Lappin, a PhD candidate at the Centre for PeaMce Research and Strategic Studies at the University of Leuven in Belgium, He has participated in over a dozen democracy assistance missions with the UN, EU, OSCE and Carter Center, visiting Scholar at the Faculty of Political Sciences at the University of Belgrade under the JoinEU-SEE programme. “What We Talk About When We Talk About Democracy Assistance: The Problem of Definition in Post-Conflict Approaches to Democratisation”. Central European Journal of International and Security Studies. Vol.4, No.1, May (2010). http:~/~/www.cejiss.org/sites/default/files/8.pdf In defining democracy assistance... economic sanctions applied, and embargoes enforced. \\\\ )))

  
  
• 
  
  

Cap K

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Cap K ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Arab Spring is based on capitalism and consumption, resulting in anti-democratic attempts to show market-based requirements ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Hanieh 11 ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Adam, Department of Development Studies @ School of Orientation and African Studies, Center for development policy and research, Egypt’s “Orderly Economic Transition:” Accelerated Structural adjustment under a Democratic Veneer?, Online 11 ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)This is a new form of the so-called ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)AND ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)instead of its normal functioning. ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Resisting this reliance on economic evaluation is the ultimate ethical responsibility – the current social order guarantees social exclusion on a global scale ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Zizek and Daly 2k4 ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)(Slavoj and Glyn, Conversations with Zizek page 14-16) ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)For Zizek it is imperative that we cut ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)AND ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)‘glitch’ in an otherwise sound matrix. ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Capitalism led by the United States creates the economic difference and defiance of US initiatives in the Middle East culminating in colonialism, imperialism, war and authoritarianism– only a rejection of these forms can allow for a Universal ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Kraidy 8 ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Marwan, U of Penn Prof, 1/1, Arab Media and US Policy: A public Diplomacy reset, U of Penn Scholarly Commons, Scholar ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)US policy assumes that the main reasons for ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)AND ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)does not care about the weak and the poor. ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Alternative: Completely withdraw from the ideology of capital ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)This is essential to destroying the fetish which allows capital to survive ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Johnston 4 ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Johnston, interdisciplinary research fellow in psychoanalysis at Emory, 2K4 ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)(Adrian, The Cynics Fetish: Slavoj Zizek and the Dynamics of Belief Psychoanalysis, Culture & Society Dec. Vol 9 Iss 3) ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)Perhaps the absence of a detailed ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)AND ))) ((( (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;" %)commodity fetishism or the truth? I choose fetishism"). )))

  
  
• 
  
  

Democracy Bad Turns

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• ~/~/ \\\\~/~/~/~/ \\\\~/~/ == 1NC == Democratic peace theory is wrong- democracies do go to war (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size: 11pt;" %)Layne 7 (% class="MsoNormal" %) Christopher, Professor @ TX A&M, American Empire: A Debate, pg. 94 (% class="card" %) (% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="font-size: 11pt;" %)Wilsonian ideology drives the American Empire (% class="card" %) (% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="font-size: 11pt;" %)AND (% class="card" %) (% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="font-size: 11pt;" %)in fact, (% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="font-size: 11pt; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% lime;" %)democracies have gone to war with other democracies(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="font-size: 11pt;" %). Democracies start more wars- statistical analysis proves (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size: 11pt;" %)Henderson 2 (% class="MsoNormal" %) Errol Henderson, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Political Science at the University of Florida, 2002, Democracy and War The End of an Illusion?, p. 146 (% class="card" %) Are Democracies More Peaceful than Nondemocracies (% class="card" %) AND (% class="card" %) more likely to become involved in—and to ini­tiate—interstate wars. Transitions to democracy lead to war (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size: 11pt;" %)Manfield and Snyder 2 (% class="MsoNormal" %) Edward D. Mansfield, Hum Rosen Professor of Political Science and Co-Director of the Christopher H. Browne Center for International Politics at the University of Pennsylvania, and Jack Snyder, Robert and Renee Belfer Professor of International Relations at Columbia University, Spring 2002, International Organization (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="card" %) In previous research, we reported that(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="font-size: 11pt;" %) (% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="font-size: 11pt; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% lime;" %)states (% class="card" %) (% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="font-size: 11pt;" %)AND (% class="card" %) (% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="font-size: 11pt;" %)hostilities than transitions toward autocracy(%%). Assuming democracy limits violence justifies violence against backsliders (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size: 11pt;" %)Little ‘5 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (Adrian Lecturer in Political Theory, University of Melbourne, September, http:~/~/auspsa.anu.edu.au/proceedings/publications/Littlepaper.pdf) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 6pt;" %)The point at which democratic states decide to exercise violence (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 6pt;" %)AND (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 6pt;" %)that democracy is an ‘unfinished project’ (Miller 2002). (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 6pt;" %) Democracy doesn’t solve war – liberal regimes fight to spread democracy and proselytize by war (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size: 11pt;" %)Spiro 94 (% class="MsoNormal" %) David, Professor of Political Science @ Arizona, The Insignificance of Liberal Peace, International Security Vol 19 No 2 (% class="card" %) Democratic alliances are not a reason for liberal and realist theorists to end their debate; indeed, they are an interesting new ground for the debate to continue. (% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="font-size: 11pt;" %)There is (% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="font-size: 11pt; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% lime;" %)little about democracy (% class="card" %) (% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="font-size: 11pt;" %)AND (% class="card" %) interests, subjectively conceived. Democracy in china would cause a rise of nationalism and conflict, and increases emissions and warming. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size: 11pt;" %)Bell ‘11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) Daniel A. Bell, is professor of political theory at Tsinghua University in Beijing and of the arts and humanities at Jiaotong University in Shanghai. His latest book is China’s New Confucianism. “Why China Won’t Follow Arab Revolt”. New Perspectives Quarterly. Spring 2011. Wiley Online. (% class="card" %) So should outside forces turn to democracy- (% class="card" %) AND (% class="card" %) (% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="font-size: 11pt; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% lime;" %) revoked by a popularly elected government(%%). Democracy leads to anti-Americanism (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size: 11pt;" %)Bensahel 4 (% class="MsoNormal" %) Prepared for the Air Force, Fellow @ the Rand Corporation, Professor of Political Science, The Future Security Environment in the Middle East (% class="card" %) (% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="font-size: 11pt; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% lime;" %)New leaders may be weaker (% class="card" %) (% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="font-size: 11pt; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% lime;" %)AND (% class="card" %) (% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="font-size: 11pt; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% lime;" %)ncreased tensions between states. (% class="MsoNormal" %)

  
  
• 
  
  

Yemen Threaten CP

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• ~~/~~/ ~\~\~\~\~~/~~/~~/~~/ ~\~\~\~\~~/~~/ == 1NC == The United States federal government should threaten to remove all security assistance unless Saleh grants Shayks and political opposition parties formal representation in political reform processes. Solves ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) ~(% class="cite" style="font-size: 11pt;" %)The Atlantic – next paragraph of their solvency card – 11 ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) march 3, “how the us can best help yemen,” http:~~/~~/www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2011/03/how-the-us-can-best-help-yemen/71960/ ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) The U.S. can't determine who rules Yemen but ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) AND ~(% style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: ~~"Times New Roman~~";" %)just a nice idea ~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="font-size: 11pt;" %)but an urgent security priority~(% style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: ~~"Times New Roman~~";" %).

  
  
• 
  
  

China DA

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• ~~/~~/ ~\~\~\~\~~/~~/~~/~~/ ~\~\~\~\~~/~~/ == 1NC == China highly involved and interested in Yemeni affairs now ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) ~(% class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size: 11pt;" %)Qatar News Agency 9/4 ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) 2011, “Yemeni FM Meets Foreign Diplomats for Talks” lexis da: 9/6 ~(% class="card" %) ~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="font-size: 11pt;" %)Foreign Minister Abu Bakr al-Qirbi met ~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="font-size: 11pt;" %)AND ~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="font-size: 11pt;" %)and ~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="font-size: 11pt; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% lime;" %)ways to resolve the political crisis~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="font-size: 11pt;" %). US-China influence are zero sum, US fears improves trade partnership ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) ~(% class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size: 11pt;" %)Janardhan 11 ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) N. 6/3 (Dr. N. Janardhan is a UAE-based political analyst and author of "Boom Amid Gloom - The Spirit of Possibility in the 21st Century Gulf" (Ithaca Press, 2011).) AlArabiya.net, “News Analysis / N. Janardhan: Yemen and Libya: Mediation mess?” lexis ~(% class="card" %) ~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="font-size: 11pt;" %)There could be~(%%) yet ~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="font-size: 11pt;" %)another intricate AND the Iraq, Iran and Afghan fiascoes. Conflict over the control of oil leads to a Sino-US war- escalation likely ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) ~(% class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size: 11pt;" %)Klare 8 ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) Michael T. Klare, 5/1, Nation defense correspondent, is professor of peace and world security studies at Hampshire College, The Nation, “The New Geopolitics of Energy”, http:~~/~~/www.thenation.com/doc/20080519/klare/print ~(% class="card" %) These and other ~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="font-size: 11pt; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% lime;" %)efforts by~(%%) Russia and AND a much greater crisis. US-China war goes nuclear ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) ~(% class="cite" style="font-size: 11pt;" %)Johnson 1 ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) Chalmers, The Nation, May 14, Wilson OmniFile: Full Text Select ~(% class="card" %) China is another matter. No sane figure in AND borders have virtually no deterrent effect.

  
  
• 
  
  

Backstopping Turns

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• ~~/~~/ ~\~\~\~\~~/~~/~~/~~/ ~\~\~\~\~~/~~/ == 1NC == High oil price cause development of alternative energy solutions and sustainability. ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) ~(% class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size: 11pt;" %)Zupan ‘11 ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) Mark Zupan, Dean, University of Rochester’s Simon School of Management. “Oil Matters”. May 24, 2011. The Huffington Post. http:~~/~~/www.huffingtonpost.com/mark-zupan/oil-matters_b_866219.html ~(% class="card" %) ~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="font-size: 11pt;" %)In the long run~(%%), of course, ~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="font-size: 11pt;" %)the impact of ~(% class="card" %) ~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="font-size: 11pt;" %)AND ~(% class="card" %) oil price swings that precipitate economic downturns. ~{~{id name="_Toc202505907"/}}~{~{id name="_Toc202512001"/}}~{~{id name="_Toc202512611"/}}Renewables are key to avert a war with China ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) ~{~{id name="_Toc202505908"/}}~{~{id name="_Toc202512002"/}}~{~{id name="_Toc202512612"/}}~(% class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size: 11pt;" %)Broehl ‘4 ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) ~{~{id name="_Toc202505909"/}}~{~{id name="_Toc202512003"/}}~{~{id name="_Toc202512613"/}}Jesse, ‘National Security to Lead Renewable Energy Deployment,’ 12/14, http:~~/~~/www.energybulletin.net/3859.html ~(% class="card" %) All were keen to focus in on ~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="font-size: 11pt;" %)Middle ~(% class="card" %) ~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="font-size: 11pt;" %)AND ~(% class="card" %) ~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="font-size: 11pt; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% lime;" %)effectiveness of the military itself~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="font-size: 11pt;" %). US-China war goes nuclear ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) ~(% class="cite" style="font-size: 11pt;" %)Johnson 1 ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) Chalmers, The Nation, May 14, Wilson OmniFile: Full Text Select ~(% class="card" %) China is another matter. No sane figure in ~(% class="card" %) AND ~(% class="card" %) borders have virtually no deterrent effect. Renewables solve warming and oil dependence ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) ~{~{id name="_Toc202505894"/}}~{~{id name="_Toc202511988"/}}~{~{id name="_Toc202512598"/}}~(% class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size: 11pt;" %)Baker ‘4 ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) Mark, RadioFree Europe, ‘World: Rise In Oil Price Shifts Focus To Use of Renewable Resources,’ June 1, ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) http:~~/~~/www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2004/06/8a45b713-2c2e-4654-9579-e7cc4e081637.html ~(% class="card" %) Some 2,900 delegates, including ministers and ~(% class="card" %) AND ~(% class="card" %) ~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="font-size: 11pt; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% lime;" %)more on research and development~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="font-size: 11pt;" %). ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) Warming leads to extinction ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) ~(% class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size: 11pt;" %)Burkett 8 – Professor of Law ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) Maxine Burkett, Associate Professor, University of Colorado Law School, 2008, “Just Solutions to Climate Change: A Climate Justice Proposal for a Domestic Clean Development Mechanism,” 56 Buffalo L. Rev. 169, Lexis ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) ~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="font-size: 11pt; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% lime;" %)The unparalleled scale of impact ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) ~(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="font-size: 11pt;" %)AND ~(% class="MsoNormal" %) moderate and cope with its consequences. ~(% class="MsoNormal" %)

  
  
• 
  
  

2NRs

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• Team- Aff- 2NR - Tournament
  Minn CE- Syria- Saudi Relations and EU CP - GSU rd 1
  Emory CM - Bahrain TRC- Topicality- Democracy Assist- GSU rd 3
  Louisville BG- Whiteness- Topicality- USFG - GSU rd 6
  Baylor EW- EIMET- Backstopping and No GPW - Bear Shock rd 2
  MoSt BR- Rule of Law- Democracy Bad - Bear Shock rd 4 Texas DS- Yemen- Case and SKFTA - Bear Shock rd 6 MoSt CF- EIMET- Backstopping and SKFTA - Bear Shock rd 7 KCKCC GM- FGM - Mutua K and Case- ESU rd 1 SMU FM - Syria? - Mutua K and AT: Apoc Rhetoric - ESU rd 4 Minn CE - Syria - AT: 1AR Dedev - ESU rd 5 Minn FS - Tunisia - Link turn to psychoanalysis aff - ESU Octas Baylor BW - EIMET - Prolif good and Asia Focus DA - UCO rd 1 UTSA CI - ? - T-USFG/Should - UCO rd 3 WSU BM - Egypt Tech Assist - Case Defense and Moderate Muslims K - UCO rd 5 Texas FS - Yemen Disabilities - Zizek Cap and Subject Object Turns - UCO Octas T- USFG - UNT T- Increase - UNT T- For - UNT Death Bad- UNT Doubles T- USFG, Increase, Democracy Assist- UTD Round 2

  NJDDT-

  Resolutionality

  Politics and Case x 2

  Neolib K x 4

  
  
• 
  
  

Mutua K

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  
• 
  

• Feminist movements lead by the United States will inevitably be corrupted by a Western mentality leading to Eurocentric thought processes
  Abu-Lughod 2
  Lila, PhD, Professor of Anthro @ Columbia, Do Muslim Women Really Need Saving? Anthropological Reflections on Cultural Relativism and Its Others, American Anthropologist, New Series, vol 104, No 3, Sept 2002, pp. 783-790
  Let us return, finally, to my title... darkness by sacrifice and service" (Van Sommer and Zwe-mer 1907:5

  Eurocentric viewpoints of Foreign Policy leads to a subjugated populace lacking in voice incapable of dissent and relevance, creates a shifting definition of Human Rights in terms of International Relations to narrow and expand the scope, and allows the United States to create enemies arbitrarily or destroying
  Mutua 2
  Makau, SUNY Distinguished Professor @ Buffalo Law, TERRORISM AND HUMAN RIGHTS: POWER, CULTURE, AND SUBORDINATION, pg 1-12
  This paper argues that the reassertion ... legal order, including human rights.

  Eurocentic exclusionary model of rights is cast as the word of god – becomes the precursor to Annihilation – leads to the elimination of Middle Eastern leaders and creates a cultural hegemony resulting in extinction by destroying the radical other that was created
  Spanos 5
  (William V., Prof. of Comp. Lit. @ NYU-Binghamton, Humanism and the Studia Humanitatis After 9/11/01, symploke vol.13 Nos. 1-2, pgs. 219-262)     
  In 1991, following the disintegration ... called humanist studies, Studia Humanitatis. 

  The judge should vote negative to embrace an epistemology rooted in Islamic Feminism as part of the universal feminist movement
  Current feminist IR theory relies on High Science which replicates the Androcentric structures the affirmative tries to eliminate; overall viewpoints of epistemology ignore the cultural necessity of an Islamic Feminism – no frame of reference to allow the United States to ever create a legitimate movement
  Tickner 11
  J. Ann Tickner, Professor of International Relations @ USC,Feb 6, Retelling IRs foundational stories: some feminist and postcolonial perspectives, Global Change, Fteace & Security, 23:1, 5-13
  Drawing on these insights ... through con¬versations with texts and subjects.

  
  
  

NJDDT Politics

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• 1NC

  Cyber security pass now- both sides willing to compromise- already agree cybersecurity is at risk

  Corbin 3-2

  Kenneth, Washington, D.C.-based writer who covers government and regulatory issues for CIO.com, McCain, Computer World,GOP Leaders Intro Cybersecurity Bill Alternative, http://computerworld.co.nz/news.nsf/security/mccain-gop-leaders-intro-cybersecurity-bill-alternative

  The competing visions for cybersecurity reform both start

  AND

  asked by a reporter after the news conference.

   

  Political capital is key to compromise

  Levin 2-8

  Mintz Levin on 2/8/2012 “Legislative Update – Cybersecurity” http://www.jdsupra.com/post/documentViewer.aspx?fid=0a38a729-5e76-4261-8263-e371f4cbff87

  As the 112th Congress gets underway, many

  AND

  urgency of passing a cybersecurity bill this year.

  The plan generates a massive controversy

  Richter, LAT, ‘11

  (Correspondent, LA Times. “Debt worries stymieing U.S. financial aid to help Arab nations in transition,” http://articles.latimes.com/print/2011/apr/12/world/la-fg-mideast-aid-20110413, accessed 9-28-11, CMM)

  Reporting from Washington — The Obama administration's efforts

  AND

  administration has been blocked at almost every turn.

  Cyber security on brink now- number of attacks increased by 650 percent- a serious attack will devastate the economy- recent attacks prove

  Wilshusen 11

  Gregory, Director Information Security Issues, 3-16, Government Accountability Office, Testimony Before the Subcommittee on Cybersecurity, Infrastructure Protection, and Security Technologies, Committee on Homeland Security, House of Representatives, CYBERSECURITY Continued Attention Needed to Protect Our Nation's Critical Infrastructure and Federal Information Systems, Statement of Gregory C. Wilshusen

  Threats to systems supporting critical infrastructure and federal

  AND

  U.S. and European energy companies.

   

  This is vital to secure critical infrastructure --- impact is heg, the economy, food prices, energy shocks, nuclear melt downs, and chemical industry

  Sebastian 09

  (Rohan,- research for the office of Virginia Senator Mark Warner  CS Computer Science from UVA, 6-24 “The Federal Government’s Role in Preserving Cybersecurity for Critical Infrastructure”)

  The intersection of critical infrastructure and cyberspace has

  AND

  directly tied  to political feasibility and industry acceptance.

  Meltdowns cause extinction

  Lendman 11

  Research Associate of the Centre for Research on Globalization (Stephen, 03/ 13, “Nuclear Meltdown in Japan,” http://www.thepeoplesvoice.org/TPV3/Voices.php/2011/03/13/nuclear-meltdown-in-japan)

  Reuters said the 1995 Kobe quake caused $

  AND

  could be, literally, an apocalyptic event.

  a)      Food shortages lead to World War III

  Calvin 98

  William Calvin, theoretical neurophysiologist at the University of Washington, Atlantic Monthly, January, The Great Climate Flip-Flop, Vol 281, No. 1, 1998, p. 47-64)

  The population-crash scenario is surely the

  AND

  lost the extra warming from the North Atlantic.

   

  c) Water scarcity will be the source of all future conflicts

  Solomon ‘11

  Steven, writer for the NYT, Business Week, Forbes, Esquire, Commentator for NPR’s Marketplace, also author of “The Confidence Game” 1995, warning of the dangers of global financial instability, “Water: The Epic Struggle for Wealth, Power, and Civilization,” p. 4 google books

  Every era has been shaped by its response

  AND

  help relaunch its economic dynamism and world leadership.

  Water wars go nuclear

  Weiner 90

  Prof. Princeton, The Next 100 Years p.270

  If we do not destroy ourselves with the

  AND

  nuclear warheads the world has stockpiled since Trinity.

   

   Cyber attacks disrupt oil pipelines, ignite Middle East war, and trigger US/Russia retaliation- US not prepared for attack now 

  Clarke 2-16

  Richard, Faculty Affiliate, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, board of the Middle East Institute, "Cyber Attacks Can Spark Real Wars", Op-Ed, Wall Street Journal, Belfer Center Programs or Projects: Explorations in Cyber International Relations; Information and Communications Technology and Public Policy; Science, Technology, and Public Policy, http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/21741/cyber_attacks_can_spark_real_wars.html?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%253A+belfer%252Fpublications+%2528Belfer+Center+for+Science+and+International+Affairs+-+Latest+Publications%2529&utm_content=Google+Reader

  For most of this year, Arab-

  AND

  a sophisticated nation-state cyber attack either.

   

  
  
• 
  
  

UN CP

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• Text: The United States federal government shall advocate through the United Nations Democracy Fund Advisory Council that the United Nations Development Fund should

  The United States federal government should advise the head of the United Nations Development Fund mission to contact the United States for information concerning best practices in providing assistance generated through United States experience in the field. The United States will meet its ongoing commitments to provide non-earmarked funds and expertise to the United Nations Democracy Fund.

   

  The Counterplan is essential to reverse perceptions of U.S. false multilateralism and boost the legitimacy of the U.N.

  Deen ‘10

  Thalif Dean. “U.N. Faces Threat of Irrelevancy Amid Big Power Politics”. Inter Press Service. September 28, 2011. http://www.galdu.org/web/index.php?odas=4772&giella1=eng

  Judging by remarks on opening day, there

  AND

  S.-controlled false multilateralism, Bennis declared.

  The Arab Spring is a key test of sustained U.S. engagement with the U.N. – that’s key to multilateralism and solving multiple scenarios for extinction.

  Brimmer ‘11

  Esther Brimmer, assistant secretary of the Bureau of International Organization Affairs. “A Misguided Assault”. 9/15/2011. http://www.humanrights.gov/2011/09/15/a-misguided-assault-why-the-united-nations-matters/

  Glancing at the agenda of the upcoming General

  AND

  those who would not act in our interests.

  Governance/Institutions Solvency

  UN’s unique expertise solves governance and institutions.

  Golberg ‘11

  Mark Golberg. 8/22/2011. Does Libya need blue helmets. CNN. http://globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2011/08/22/does-libya-need-blue-helmets/

  The UN has a long history of helping

  AND

  not they will be asked to chip in.

  UNDEF can fund CSOs, constitutional bodies, electoral commissions, governance bodies, and UN agencies.

  Tihm ‘10

  Youness Tihm, Brandeis University, United States. “United Nations Democracy Fund: A New Model for Demand Based Democracy Assistance”. International Journal of Arts and Sciences. 3(8): 250 - 280 (2010). openaccesslibrary.org/images/RLN249_Youness_Tihm.pdf

  As its mandate focuses on democracy promotion and

  AND

  , and programmes can apply for UNDEF’s funding.

  
  
• 
  
  

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  
• 
  
•