KSU Ziegler - Kowalewski NEG

1NC'S USC

ASPEC-

A. The aff must specify which branch passes the plan – they only say USFG

B. Vote negative –

Ground – We lose branch-specific counterplans, disads, and case arguments

2. Conditionality – not specifying allows 2AC clarification to moot links.

Bostrom 2

(Nick Professor of Philosophy and Global Studies at Yale.. www.transhumanist.com/volume9/risks.html.)

Risks in this sixth category are a recent phenomenon

In order to do that, we need to know where to focus our efforts.

Material motivation creates conflict – not discursive framing.

Mearsheimer 95

(John J. Mearsheimer, [Political Science Professor at University of Chicago], “A Realist Reply,” International Security, 20.1, Summer 1995, p. 91.)

Realists believe that state behavior is

states to behave in more communitarian and peaceful ways.

Egotism makes a realist lens necessary.

Solomon 96

(Hussein, Senior Researcher, Human Security Project, “In Defense of Realism: Confessions of a Fallen Idealist,” African Security Review 5:2, http://www.iss.co.za/pubs/ASR/5No2/5No2/InDefense.html //shree)

The post-modern/critical theory challenge

Natal all bear testimony to the folly of such a view.

You have an ethical responsibility to prefer realism.

Mearsheimer 95

(John J. Mearsheimer, [Political Science Professor at University of Chicago], “A Realist Reply,” International Security, 20.1, Summer 1995, p. 91-92.)

The most revealing aspect of Wendt's

might very well be the more responsible policy choice.

Discursive orientation can’t be shifted – state behavior will remain the same.

Mearsheimer 95

John (International Relations professor at the University of Chicago), The False Promise of International Institutions in International Security Vol 19 Number 3 Winter, pp 43-44.

The main goal of critical theorists

, but which appear  to be compatible with the theory they are challenging.159  

Material conditions determine disposability – not discursive orientation.

TAFT – KAUFMAN  95     Speech prof @ CMU

Jill, Southern Comm. Journal, Spring, v. 60, Iss. 3, “Other Ways”, p pq

The postmodern passwords of

institutions, agencies, and the budgets that fuel them.

Imperialism does not lead to conquest and mass violence – checks and balances limit the excess of imperialism

Alvarez, Professor of Law and Diplomacy, 09

(60 Ala. L. Rev. 943, Empire: Contemporary Foreign Investment Law: An "Empire of Law" or the "Law of Empire"?)

Of course, calling the United States

its overt imperial exercises ended long ago. 26

No possibility of a precedent of mass imperialism from the Arab spring – political will, ability, and practical constraints all ensure that we intervene when necessary to help folks who need it – but not beyond that.

Cole, Nation contributor and esteemed scholar of the Middle East, 11 (3/29, An ORpen Letter to the Left on Libya, http://www.thenation.com/article/159517/open-letter-left-libya)

Many are crying hypocrisy, citing other places an intervention could be staged or worrying

whatever you think of some of their individual leaders.

THE ABSENCE OF IMPERIALISM IS WORSE AND YOU CANNOT GROUP ALL IMPERIALISM TOGETHER

Niall Ferguson, Laurence A. Tisch Professor of History at Harvard University and William Ziegler Professor at Harvard Business School, 2004 (Colossus: The Rise and Fall of the American Empire, CMH)

Who benefits from this empire? Some

– is its excessively short time horizon. Pg. 13

AMERICAN IMPERIALISM IS HERE TO STAY – IT’S FAILURES ARE DUE TO PREMATURELY WITHDRAWING

Max Boot, Jeane J. Kirkpatrick Senior Fellow for National Security Studies, May 13, 2003 (“U.S. Imperialism: A Force for Good,” http://www.cfr.org/publication/5959/us_imperialism.html, CMH)

The record of nation-building

It might as well be a successful empire.

Power contains wars and conflicts – prevents larger amount of violence – alternative world is more death and exploitation.

Max Boot, Jeane J. Kirkpatrick Senior Fellow for National Security Studies, 2002 (“NATIONAL SECURITY: Savage Wars of Peace,” http://www.hoover.org/publications/digest/4487451.html)

America’s strategic situation today presents

If the past is any indication of the future, we have a lot more savage wars ahead.

Global violence decreasing – civilization has become more moral

Pinker, Johnstone Family Professor at Harvard University, ‘7 (Steven, March 19, “A History of Violence” The New Republic, lexis)

In sixteenth-century Paris, a popular

And it would be nice to know what, exactly, it is.

Primacy is structurally sustainable

Thayer 7

Bradley Thayer, 2007, Professor of Defense and Strategic Studies – Missouri State, “American Empire: A Debate”, p. 24-25

Thus, the economy is well placed to be

the economic foundation of the American empire is sound for the projected future.

A collapse of U.S. hegemony would lead to an apolar world order with devastating consequences

Ferguson 4

Niall Ferguson, 2004, Senior Fellow – Stanford University’s Hoover Foundation and Herzog Professor of History – New York University’s Stern School of Business, “A World Without Power,” Foreign Policy, l/n

The defining characteristic

would benefit from such a not-so-new world disorder.

Maintaining the unipolar moment is vital to preventing global nuclear conflicts

Kagan 7

(Robert, Senior Associate – Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, “End of Dreams, Return of History,” 7/19, http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2007/07/end_of_dreams_return_of_histor.html) DMZ

The jostling for status and influence

withdraws from its positions of regional dominance

AMERICAN PRIMACY IS RESPONSIBLE FOR RESOLVING GREAT POWER WARS, SPREADING DEMOCRACY, AND ITS ALTERNATIVES WILL RESULT IN ANARCHY

Bradley A. Thayer, associate professor in the Department of Defense and Strategic Studies, Missouri State University, 2006 (November/December, “In Defense of Primacy,” The National Interest, ProQuest, CMH)

Everything we think of

well as for advancing the interests of the United States.

AMERICAN IMPERIALISM IS KEY TO SOLVE GENOCIDE – THE ALTERNATIVES HAVE FAILED

Michael E. O'Hanlon, Senior Fellow of Foreign Policy, Brookings Institution, May 7, 2006 (“Army Genocide Prevention Unit?” http://www.brookings.edu/opinions/2006/0507africa_ohanlon.aspx, CMH)

None of these thoughts are comfortable.

of pretending otherwise, and get on with a solution.

GENOCIDE MAKES LIFE AND DEATH MEANINGLESS

Claudia Card, philosophy professor at University of Wisconsin, Winter 2003 (“Genocide and Social Death,” Hypatia, vol. 18, issue 1, ProjectMuse)

Specific to genocide is the harm

and even of its termination. This view, however, is controversial.

AMERICAN IMPERIALISM IS KEY TO AFGHAN STABILITY

Michael Ignatieff, Carr Professor of Human Rights Policy and director of the Carr Center at the Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, July 28, 2002 (“Nation-Building Lite,” New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2002/07/28/magazine/nation-building-lite.html, CMH)

Imperial presence is the glue

watching from the reviewing stand, just behind the warlords' adjutants.

AFGHAN CONFLICT CAUSES PAKISATANI COLLAPSE

Synovitz ‘7 [Ron, October 20, http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/insight/articles/pp112007.shtml //nick]

To others, however, such links have become more complicated

and the headquarters of Al-Qaeda are in Pakistan."

THAT CAUSES NUCLEAR WAR

Washington Post ‘1 [October 2; l/n //nick]           

The prospect of Pakistan being

series of international incidents spun out of control and led to World War I.

DEMOCRACY IS BETTER IN THE LONG-RUN THAN ITS ALTERNATIVES AND ITS PROMOTION DEPENDS ON AMERICAN PRIMACY

Bradley A. Thayer, associate professor in the Department of Defense and Strategic Studies, Missouri State University, 2006 (November/December, “In Defense of Primacy,” The National Interest, ProQuest, CMH)

Critics have faulted the Bush Administration

By all accounts, the march of democracy has been impressive.

DEMOCRACY SOLVES MUTLIPLE SCENARIOS OF EXTINCTION

Larry Diamond, Hoover Institution senior fellow, co-editor of the Journal of Democracy, December 1995, A Report to the Carnegie Commission on Preventing Deadly Conflict, “Promoting Democracy in the 1990s: Actors and Instruments, Issues and Imperatives,” http://wwics.si.edu/subsites/ccpdc/pubs/di/1.htm

OTHER THREATS This hardly exhausts the

democracies are the only reliable foundation on which a new world order of international security and prosperity can be built.

Counterterrorism works and imperialism is key to it.

Niall Ferguson, Laurence A. Tisch Professor of History at Harvard University and William Ziegler Professor at Harvard Business School, 2004 (Colossus: The Rise and Fall of the American Empire, CMH)

Yet terrorism in the real world is about

– the government against which the terrorists are fighting – may well find themselves drawn into the conflict. Pg. 121-3

The impact is superterrorism and extinction.

Yonah Alexander, 2010 Director Maghreb & Sahel Terrorism: Addressing the Rising Threat from al-Qaeda & other Terrorists in North & West/Central Africa International Center for Terrorism Studies at the Potomac Institute for Policy Studies http://www.potomacinstitute.org/attachments/524_Maghreb%20Terrorism%20report.pdf

Perpetrators and Motivations Current and future perpetrators

to the degree in which they could forever alter our planet’s existence.

1NC'S CSUF

RD 2 VS ELAC AP

FRAMEWORK -

CAPITALISM KRITIK -

Race oppression is used by capital to ideologically justify economic exploitation—the eradication of racism requires a totalizing critique of capitalism. 

Young 2006 (Robert, Red Critique, Winter/Spring, “Putting Materialism back into Race Theory”, http://www.redcritique.org/WinterSpring2006/puttingmaterialismbackintoracetheory.htm)

This essay advances a materialist theory of race

ultimately, requires the transformation of capitalism.

Capitalism makes extinction inevitable.

Int’l Review ‘89

(The decomposition of capitalist society, 57:2 http://en.internationalism.org/node/3070)

Similarly, all the disasters that the ecologists blame

There is no limit to the horror of this bloody monster that is decadent capitalism.

Rendering life subject to economic calculation allows for the devaluation of life and the ZP of the HC

Dillon ’99

[Michael (Professor at the University of Lancaster); “Another Justice”; Political Theory; Vol. 27 Issue 2; p. 164-166 //nick]
 Quite the reverse. The subject was never a firm

invaluable may then lose its purchase on life..

You should, instead, use your ballot to endorse a withdrawal from capital by voting negative.

Herod ‘4

James Herod author of several books on capitalism and social activist since 1968 Getting Free 2004 http://site.www.umb.edu/faculty/salzman_g/Strate/GetFre/06.htm

It is time to try to describe

self-determine the shape of their social world.

UNIVERSITY DISCOURSE K -

The affirmative is an example of the university discourse—they believe in the fundamental truths about the self that can be determined by social location—this belief in the essential truth built into bodies only serves the psychological function of turning anxiety into guilt—caught up in affirmation of identity, they lose track of the discrimination inherent to fidelity to identity.

Copjec 6

Joan.  “May ’68:  The Emotional Month.”  Lacan:  The Silent Partners ed. Slavoj Zizek.  Verso, New York:  2006.  Pgs 90-111.

In Seminar XVII, Lacan claims that anxiety is the

stems from conceiving

ourselves as possessors of power.

Against the University discourse of the affirmative, we advocate the Analytic discourse—you should recognize that subjectivity is a void.

Recognizing this failure short-circuits the mechanisms that tie us to identity that are the transmission belts for oppression

Daly 4

Glyn Daly, 2004 (Slavoj Zizek: Risking the Impossible, www.lacan.com/zizek-primer.htm.

It is in these terms that Zizek insists on a Lacanian

possibility and impossibility for all forms of contingent subjectivation.

SOCIAL DEATH K -

The concept of social death allows us to paint ideal victims – it reduces people to their least common denominator

Victor Brown 2009, (AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW, December, Social Death and Political Life in the Study of Slavery)

Slavery and Social Death was widely

that produce historic transformations.7

This causes annihilation of the other.

Ciano Aydin lecturer in Phil @ Radbound U "Nietzsche on Reality as Will to Power: Towards and Organization-Struggle' Model." The Journal of Nietzsche Studies 33. Spring 2007.

Bush continues, “Great harm has been

by the state in response to national victimization.

Their strategy of acknowledgment compounds the problem—the visibility of the oppressed is complicit in the creation of the conditions of oppression.  Particular recognitions make others even more invisible.

Aless 9

(Ryan, http://massthink.wordpress.com/2009/10/11/zone-of-social-abandonment-constructed-invisible/)

This seems to be in the inmates’ interests:

even darker, even more obscure (those who do not pass the triage system)?

Speaking as if oppressed are socially dead ignores the radical communities that form in order to challenge oppression in the first place – we reject the descriptor and method of describing individuals as socially dead, while embracing a methodology that examines social location and structural oppression forces us to disclose stories of success – of how individuals embrace LIFE and affirmed their own dignity.

Victor brown uses the historical situation of slavery to explain this in 2009, (AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW, December, Social Death and Political Life in the Study of Slavery)

Specters of the Atlantic is self-consciously

enslaved actually made of their situation.

PRISON PIC -

Counterplan:  Abolish Corrections-Industrial Complex through abolitionist politics

The term prison industrial complex is a false analogy and ignores the role that probation plays

Frank 10

Last June, I sent a memo to participants in a PIC

form of supervision once they leave the walls of prisons

CASE -

Their aff doesn’t proscribe action – it just says to abolish the prison industrial complex through abolition – doesn’t describe what your role is in the abolition, or how you trigger it.

No root cause. Blaming systems of thought or action is pointless. Violence is always proximately caused.

Curtler ’97 (Hugh Mercer, Prof. Phil. – Southwest State U. “Rediscovering values: coming to terms with Postmodernism”, Netlibrary, p. 164-165)

At the same time, we must beware

There are additional problems with postmodernism, however.

Discourse doesn’t shape reality – material concerns do.

Mearsheimer 95

John (International Relations professor at the University of Chicago), The False Promise of International Institutions in International Security Vol 19 Number 3 Winter, pp 43-44.

The main goal of critical theorists

to be compatible with the theory they are challenging.159  

CRITICAL ALTERNATIVES TO DEMOCRACY UNDERMINE STRUCTURAL IMPEDIMENTS TO TOTALITARIANISM AND ARE PRONE TO ERROR REPLICATION

Chris Nineham June 30, 2011, “Don’t Knock Democracy: Review of ‘Democracy in What State’,” Counterfire, http://counterfire.org/index.php/articles/book-reviews/12748-dont-knock-democracy, ACC. 12-27-11, JT

Worse still, one-sided contempt

or even back to monolithic forms of rule. 

THEIR DEMOCRATIC EQUALITY IS A UTOPIAN IDEAL THAT WILL MORE LIKELY TURN INTO THE WORST TYRANNY IN HISTORY.  RADICAL DEMOCRACY CONDEMNS MILLIONS TO OPPRESSION

Anibal Romero, visiting scholar at the Center for Inst’l Affairs, Harvard Univ., Summer 1996, “Radical democracy: the new left-wing utopia for Latin America,” World Affairs, v. 159:1: pp. 29(8), JT

It would be absurd to deny

freedom, and the progress of many millions of human beings.

Liberal democracy is statistically more peaceful than any alternative AND IS KEY TO SOLVE MULTIPLE SCENARIOS OF EXTINCTION

Zakaria, Political Science – Harvard, editor – Newsweek, ‘97

(Fareed, http://www.fareedzakaria.com/ARTICLES/other/democracy.html)

Lang's embarrassment highlights two common

The democratic peace, it turns out, has little to do with democracy.

THE AFF’S attempt to displace the liberalism in democracy CAUSES paralysis

Youngs 11

[Richard Youngs, Director of FRIDE and Associate Professor at the University of Warwick, UK, “Misunderstanding the maladies of liberal democracy promotion”, Working Paper 106 FRIDE, 2011]

In practice, what many critics appear

and has not been systematised into common or comprehensive new approaches.21

RD 4 VS WAKE MM

TOPICALITY - USFG

CAP K SEE ABOVE

PTC POLITICS

CASE VS THEIR COURTS AFF

EU COUNTERPLAN

The counterplan boosts EU leadership.
 Seilor, 5/15

(Julia, 5/15/11, “Arab Spring: what think tanks say,” , JMP)
 Restoring Europe’s credibility
 Scholars agree that the developments

in helping its neighbors stabilize.

EU leadership key to preventing warming – ensures peace in the Middle East.

Ischinger 7

(Wolfgang, German ambassador to Britain, The Guardian, "Can the EU Fill Leadership Void Left by US?" March 22, http://www.china.org.cn/english/international/203945.htm)

In 1990, Charles Krauthammer published his famous essay on

embrace a European willingness to lead, and welcome the European moment.

Warming causes Extinction

Tickell 08

(Oliver Tickell, British journalist, author and campaigner on health and environment issues, and author of the Kyoto2 climate initiative “On a planet 4C hotter, all we can prepare for is extinction,” The Guardian, 8-11-08  http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2008/aug/11/climatechange)

We need to get prepared for four degrees

propel us towards a similar hothouse Earth.

RD 5 VS MARY WASHINGTON PS

ASPEC

EU CP

PTC

CAP K

CASE D