Unique link – the push for democracy undermines the special relationship with Saudi Arabia. That leads to oil spikes.
 Nasr, 5/23/2011(Vali, Will the Saudis Kill the Arab Spring?, Bloomberg News, p.

In his speech last week… of the Middle East.

Extinction
 Riddoch 4 (Dr. Malcolm, Faculty of Communications and Creative Industries – Edith Cowan University, Energy  Bulletin, 6-18,

There are lots of recent 2004 … famine and pestilence.

The topic is defined by the phrase following the colon – the USFG is the agent of the resolution, not the individual debaters

Webster’s Guide to Grammar and Writing – 2000  

Should denotes an expectation of enacting a plan

American Heritage Dictionary – 2000 [www.dictionary.com]

) Without critical thinking skills developed through clash and competition we can’t effectively act on content-specific knowledge  

English et al 7 Eric English, Stephen Llano, Gordon R. Mitchell, Catherine E. Morrison, John Rief & Carly Woods, all former debate coaches, “Debate as a Weapon of Mass Destruction”

http://www.pitt.edu/~gordonm/JPubs/EnglishDAWG.pdf

Turns the case – advocating USFG increase of democracy assistance is crucial to breaking down the clash of civilization discourse that causes Islamophobia and orientalism---empirics prove that effective democracy promotion disaggregated from hard-line Iraq-style invasion has a positive effect---and, even if it doesn’t succeed it’s productive to advocate

SHIBLEY TELHAMI 5, Anwar Sadat professor for peace and development, University of Maryland “Democracy: Rising Tide or Mirage” Middle East Policy Vol 12 Issue 2 May 23 2005 Wiley

Meaning impact – it’s only possible within an arbitrary system of rules – their criticism amounts to speaking from nowhere.

Rameakers 1 (Stefan, Centre for Philosophy of Education U of Leuven, “Teaching to lie and obey: Nietzsche and Education.” Journal of philosophy and education. 35.2, EBSCO) jl

Much as one values… particular point of view.

Also, this is a prerequisite to other arguments.

Ruth Lesl Shively, Professor of Politics at Texas A&M, 2000 [Partisan Politics and Political Theory, p. 181-2]

In most cases, however… agreement or harmony.

-------------------------------2nc --- ---------------------------------

There is a topical version of your affirmative. USAID sponsors  slam poetry readings in in the Middle East as Democracy Asssitance

USAID Website, 2011: [http://www.usaid.gov/wbg/2011Weekly/May172011.html]

Popular Form of Local… attending each event.

Even if we are - Divorcing ourselves from politics is not the answer – without implementation we can’t have effective political decisions

MacKenzie 8’ (Theory & Event Volume 11, Issue 3, 2008 What is a Political Event? - Lecturer in Political Theory in the Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Kent,  Project Muse)

Given this, it is intriguing… the perspective of the event.

The alt is worse – it’s more unethical by leading to vigilantism – using the state is key

Amy 2007

(Douglas J. AMY, Professor of Politics at Mount Holyoke College. "Government as the Champion of Justice, Equality, Freedom, and Security." 2007. Online.)

The most obvious manifestation… administered by the government.

Cede political

Boggs, Professor of Political Science, ‘97

(Carl, National University, Theory & Society 26, December, p. 760-1)

Grassroots politics, of course… of a depoliticized society.

Switch-side debate promotes tolerance.

Sirianni and Friedland, no date  (Carmen, editor in chief of Civic Practices Network, Lewis, research director of CPN, "Civic dictionary," online,)

Deliberative democracy rests… mutually acceptable solutions.

Their criticism is a form of asymmetrical warfare that seeks to undermine and collapse the United States.

J.R. Nyquist, 8/28/09, Financial Sense, "The Sequence," http://www.financialsense.com/stormwatch/geo/pastanalysis/2009/0828.html

In advance of any… what I call "the sequence."

The collapse of the U.S. flips back your criticism. War and terrorism would proliferate and extinction would be insured.

J.R. Nyquist, 5/27/2005, "Why the Bad Guys are Bad," http://www.financialsense.com/stormwatch/geo/pastanalysis/2005/0527.html

The politics of Hitler… that cannot be deterred.

The 1nc is a paradigmatic example of humanist cultural criticism – this perpetuates speciesism and dooms them to failure

Deckha 6 – Maneesha, UC Hastings College of the Law

http://www.animallaw.info/articles/arus17hstwlj1.htm

Cultural critics have… of non-human animals.

Anthropocentrism is used to justify domination non-humans and “inferior” humans.

Smith (Penelope Smith- Animal Communication Specialist   date NA)

Many humans have… become more whole.

The alternative is to vote aff to reject speciesism by critically reorienting ourselves against the 1nC. Our creation of a space for reflection is a key step in ending non-human oppression.

Williams 8 – Nancy, Philosopher at Wofford College

[“Affected Ignorance and Animal Suffering” Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics (2008) 21:371-384]

Epistemological and moral tensions… subsequent animal suffering).

----------------------block ev --------------------------------

Prior acceptance of speciesism is a necessary condition for racism (but not vice versa)

LaFollette & Shanks 96 – Hugh, Chair in Ethics, University of South Florida, Niall, Ph.D., Professor of History and Philosophy of Science

[“The Origin of Speciesism,” ]cn

Animal liberationists compare… dismissed as category mistakes.

Speciesism comes first – before analyzing human relations, we must first ask what it means to be human

Vancouver Sun 6 – Peter McKnight

[“A subject that teaches us a lot about ourselves: Speciesism,” Vancouver Sun, March 15, LEXIS]

Despite the skepticism, though… means to be human.

The perm reasons from the inside out, undermining our stance against speciesism

Rowe 96 – Stan, Professor Emeritus at the University of Saskatchewan and author of many books and articles

[The Trumpeter, Volume 13, Issue 1]cn

As heirs to several centuries… welfare of the non-self.

Intersectionality is not inclusive, rather it fractures groups into competing factions – still ignores the non-human - we should instead unify our opposition to oppression under the all-inclusive banner of anti-speciesism

Spelman 7 – Elizabeth, Professor of philosophy at Smith College

[Hypatia 22.3 (2007) 201-204, ]cn

Naomi Zack’s new book offers… anything all women have in common.

Cap is not the root cause – anthro is the root cause of cap

Pölling-Vocke ‘05. (Bernt, Master of International Relations. Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand, “’The End of Poverty’: The globalization of the unreal and the impoverishment of all,” )

Under capitalism, nature can.. Hardin to challenge “And then what?”

You have a moral obligation to vote negative to affirm a moral universe where nonhumans are treated with dignity and respect

Katz 96 – Eric, professor of philosophy and director of the Science, Technology, and Society Program at the New Jersey Institute of Technology; one of the founders of environmental ethics

[Nature as Subject, pp. 9-10]cn

This analysis of certain problems.. self-defeating trap of utilitarianism.

Util is inevitable – basis for all moral decisions.

Leonard G. Ratner, Legion Lex Professor of Law, University of Southern California Law Center, ‘84

Hofstra Law Review, SPRING, 12 Hofstra L. Rev. 723, ARTICLE: THE UTILITARIAN IMPERATIVE:

AUTONOMY, RECIPROCITY, AND EVOLUTION, JT/

In the context of the information… are social utilitarians.

WARS ARE DECREASING IN SIZE AND SCOPE

Ferguson in 5

Bailer... "Giving Peace A Chance." http://www.hoover.org/publications/digest/29t3271.html

Is the world becoming a… societal wars" as ongoing.

It is impossible to separate structural from direct violence, and nuclear war outweighs.

Hanna Newcombe, 2008, Founder of the Peace Research Institute Dundas, "On Violence," (first published online as of 2008, original date not given)  http://www.hannanewcombe.com/on-violence

Direct (intentional) violence and.. justice research, freedom research, etc.

They have their causality the wrong way. Systemic impacts are not the root cause of war—War causes those impacts

Goldstein, ‘1 [Joshua S. Goldstein, Prof of IR at American University, War and Gender: How Gender Shapes the War system and vice versa, 2001, p. 411-12]

I began this book hoping… to be empirically inadequate.

Utilitarian calculations in the context of extinction cause mindset shifts to more ethical forms of politics

Epstein and Zhao 2009 (Richard and Y., “The Threat That Dare Not Speak Its Name” Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, volume 52, number 1 (winter 2009):116–25 Muse)

Final ends for all species are the same… dismiss as “human nature” (Tudge 1989).

T must be transfer of resources
DA Saudia Arabia
CP do the plan covertly with the cia
K
read alt energy da with gw impact (high oil prices good) on case and read a chavez scenario in the block.

AT Cred 1NC

Our global hegemony and credibility in the middle east will inevitably collapse – there’s public support and the plan won’t influence the middle-east

Barari, 11/3/11 (Hassan, Arab News, http://arabnews.com/opinion/columns/article528137.ece)

U.S. will say no to Palestine UN request

MEO, 9/15 (http://www.middle-east-online.com/english/?id=48068F)

That crushes credibility

Reuters, 9/12 (http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/09/12/us-saudi-palestinians-idUSTRE78B3FB20110912)

Decline is inevitable- all indicators point to inevitable decline

McCoy ‘10 (Alfred, J.R.W. Smail Professor of History at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, “How America will collapse”, 12/6/10, http://www.salon.com/news/feature/2010/12/06/america_collapse_2025/index.html, JD)

Credibility can’t solve conflict

Hachigian 10 [Nina Hachigian, senior fellow at the Center for American Progress, January 21, 2010, “The False Promise of Primacy: Debunking Robert Kagan’s Nostalgia for Bush-Era Foreign Policy”]

One shot attempts don’t solve credibility and it takes decades
 Marina Ottaway, March 2003, Carnegie Endowment, "Promoting democracy i nthe middle east: the problem of US credibility,"\

NATO checks piracy impact

Lekic, 9 (Slobodan, Associated Press, June 29^th, 2009 “New NATO flotilla takes over anti-piracy patrols” date accessed: 07/10/09 http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5gB7YMEDuCwwY9ncDOtPAkEI4-H2wD994F6882

Mobro

No Egypt-Israel war – economics, deterrence, and credibility.

Sol Lachman, writing for the Jewish Reporter, “Why a new Israeli-Egyptian war isn’t likely,” 5/11/2011, http://thejewishreporter.com/2011/05/11/why-a-new-israeli-egyptian-war-isnt-likely/

Middle East conflict won’t escalate – local conflicts do not spillover

Steven A. Cook (fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations) Ray Takeyh (fellows at the Council on Foreign Relations) and Suzanne Maloney (senior fellow at Saban Center) June 28 2007 “Why the Iraq war won't engulf the Mideast”, International Herald Tribune

Middle East escalation empirically denied

Kevin Drum September 9 2007 The Washington Monthly, “The Chaos Hawks”

No risk of bioweapons use.

Washington Post 2006  (Washington Post July 2006 "Custom-Built Pathogens Raise Bioterror Fears" 07/31 /06.  Lexis.)

Bioweapons don’t have widespread impacts.

Newsweek 2001  (Sharon Begley, "Unmaking Bioterror.”  Online.) 

2NC

Cred

Arari, 1 – more ev Israel outweighs

WSJ, 11, ("Obama to Pledge New Mideast Aid," 5-18, online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704281504576329692899835726.html)

Foreign assistance doesn’t generate credibility or good will towards the US – if anything, its effect is negative.

Ken Adelman, former U.S. ambassador to the United Nations and arms control director in the Reagan Ronald's administration, “Not-So-Smart Power,” 4/18/2011, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/04/18/not_so_smart_power?page=full

US assistance strengthens radicals and guts our global credibility.

Fran Belisle, prof. of polisci at Coastal Carolina University, commenting on “W&M prof among 100 academics signing letter to Obama,” 1/31/2011, http://www.vagazette.com/articles/2011/02/02/news/doc4d46a9084013b376808385.txt

Too many routes to proliferation – makes weapons spread inevitable

Cleveland et al 8’

Allison, Graham, Robin Cleveland, Bob Graham, Steve Rademaker, Tim Roemer, Wendy Sherman, Henry Sokolski, Jim Talent, and Rich Verma. 2008. World at Risk: The Report on the Commission on the Prevention of WMD Proliferation and Terrorism. New York: Vintage Books.

Prolif doesn’t cause war

Tepperman ‘9 ( 9/7/2009 (John - journalist based in New York Cuty, Why obama should learn to love the bomb, Newsweek, p.lexis)

1NR

Aid now

Promises of foreign aid are just rhetoric – big gap between promise and delivery.

Raphaeli 9-15. [Dr. Nimrod, senior analyst @ MEMRI, “Egyptian Economy Under Revolutionary Stress” Middle East Media Research Institute -- http://www.memri.org/report/en/0/0/0/0/0/0/5646.htm]

No Egypt aid – not being delivered.

DemDigest, 9-7 (International support lacking for Tunisia and Egypt’s transitions, 9-7, http://www.demdigest.net/blog/2011/09/international-support-lacking-for-tunisia-and-egypts-transitions/)

We control uniqueness – we don’t support any political parties now.

Abdel-Baky, 11 (Mohamed Abdel-Baky, Reiterating the differences, http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2011/1061/eg1.htm)

Scaf

We control top-level uniqueness – recent violence solidified SCAF control – they’ll contain instability as long as they’re not challenged

El Amrani 10/19/11

http://www.arabist.net/blog/2011/10/19/one-more-thing-about-maspero.html

 ssandr El Amrani is a freelance journalist and commentator. An editor of the now defunct Cairo Times and founder of Cairo magazines, he has lived in Cairo since 2000, writing about Egypt and the Middle East for a wide range of UK and US publications.  Today Issandr spends his time between Cairo and Rabat, where he was born. After a stint as the International Crisis Group's North Africa analyst in 2007-2009 he has returned to journalism and political consulting. He was the Cairo correspondent for Middle East International and writes for the Economist, the Financial Times, the London Review of Books, Foreign Policy, The National, Bidoun and other publications.  He also writes a fortnightly column at Egypt's best-selling private newspaper, al-Masri al-Youm, and the Abu Dhabi-based The National.  Issandr also regularly appears as a commentator on Middle Eastern affairs on television, notably on al-Jazeera English, and conducts private consulting on the politics of the Middle East. He has contributed to several books on politics and culture in the Middle East. 

SCAF backlash wrecks regional cred

Martini, 11

(Rand Associate, 8/25, Foreign Affairs, http://www.rand.org/commentary/2011/08/25/FA.html)

AT say no

The SCAF will backlash against the Brotherhood - they hate the west and want a different form of governement

AP 3/31

Egypt: Muslim Brotherhood increases pressure on generals to fire military-appointed government, http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/egypts-muslim-brotherhood-push-no-confidence-motion-against-military-appointed-government/2012/03/29/gIQAEZbmiS_story.html

Tensions between the MB and the SCAF are brewing -- new technical assistance to civil society will cause the Brotherhood to mobilize millions to overthrow the gov’t of Egypt

--- Obviously turns case

Sabry 3/26

Miami Herald, Muslim Brotherhood clashes with Egypt's military rulers, http://www.miamiherald.com/2012/03/26/2715789/muslim-brotherhood-clashes-with.html

Terrorists suck

Threat is high

Chesney, JD candidate at Harvard Law, 1997

 (Robert, Loyola of Los Angeles International & Comparative Law Journal, November)  

At military aid

Military cares more about controling the transition than military ties

Schenker, 9/27

(Fellow-The Washington Institute, http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/templateC05.php?CID=3399)

Resiliency

They’ll break the relationship if the US meddles in internal affairs

Martini, 11

(Rand Associate, 8/25, Foreign Affairs, http://www.rand.org/commentary/2011/08/25/FA.html)

Perceived national security infringements ensure will cause Egypt to go back on commitments to the US

Jaffe, 11

http://www.copticsolidarity.org/en/news/136-unrest-tests-egyptian-military-and-its-crucial-relationship-with-us