PILOT IMPACT EVALUATIONS AFF – D3 DISTRICTS RD1 VS KSU ZK
Plan
Plan: The United States federal government should substantially increase its democracy assistance by expanding the U.S. Agency for International Developments democracy and governance programs to include pilot impact evaluations under a democracy and governance evaluation initiative for the topic countries.
Ob 1: SQ
USAID needs to create Pilot Impact Evaluations so we have constructive forms of data on the result of these programs
Goldstone et al, ’08
[ Committee on Evaluation of USAID Democracy Assistance Programs; Development, security, and cooperation policy and global affairs; National Research Council of the National Academies, the National Academies Press, Washington, D.C. www.nap.edu; Improving Democracy assistance - building knowledge through evaluations and research; 10:0-309-11736-4 ]
Nearly two decades after the U.S. government ….
and values around the world.
(USAID) alone has principal responsibility to provide democracy assistance within the federal government Goldstone et al, ’08
[ Committee on Evaluation of USAID Democracy Assistance Programs; Development, security, and cooperation policy and global affairs; National Research Council of the National Academies, the National Academies Press, Washington, D.C. www.nap.edu; Improving Democracy assistance - building knowledge through evaluations and research; 10:0-309-11736-4 ]
Within the U.S. government … in the U.S. Department of State.
2. Empirical indicators of overall democracy fail to distinguish between nondemocratic and transitional regimes - dooming Democracy and governance programs in the sq Goldstone et al, ’08
[ Committee on Evaluation of USAID Democracy Assistance Programs; Development, security, and cooperation policy and global affairs; National Research Council of the National Academies, the National Academies Press, Washington, D.C. www.nap.edu; Improving Democracy assistance - building knowledge through evaluations and research; 10:0-309-11736-4 ]
Existing empirical indicators of … USAID’s DG work.
3. Clear indicators of change in democratic behavior and institutions at the sectoral level are desperately needed Goldstone et al, ’08
[ Committee on Evaluation of USAID Democracy Assistance Programs; Development, security,
and cooperation policy and global affairs; National Research Council of the National Academies,
the National Academies Press, Washington, D.C. www.nap.edu; Improving Democracy
assistance - building knowledge through evaluations and research; 10:0-309-11736-4 ]
Recommendation 2: Developing more transparent, … levels of democracy. (See Chapter 3.)
4. Current program evaluations are terrible - there is no way to tell if dg programs have any impact whatsoever Goldstone et al, ’08
[ Committee on Evaluation of USAID Democracy Assistance Programs; Development, security, and cooperation policy and global affairs; National Research Council of the National Academies, the National Academies Press, Washington, D.C. www.nap.edu; Improving Democracy assistance - building knowledge through evaluations and research; 10:0-309-11736-4 ]
Most current evaluations of USAID DG projects, …contribute to desired outcomes.
5. Democracy has no clear definition - any interpretation is arbitrary Goldstone et al, ’08
[ Committee on Evaluation of USAID Democracy Assistance Programs; Development, security, and cooperation policy and global affairs; National Research Council of the National Academies, the National Academies Press, Washington, D.C. www.nap.edu; Improving Democracy assistance - building knowledge through evaluations and research; 10:0-309-11736-4 ]
The concept of democracy cannot, …are no longer considered reason- able today.
Ob 2: The Solution
1. USAID implementation of a Dg evaluation initiative would shed light on dg programs efficacy - providing valuable resources to mission directors Goldstone et al, ’08
[ Committee on Evaluation of USAID Democracy Assistance Programs; Development, security, and cooperation policy and global affairs; National Research Council of the National Academies, the National Academies Press, Washington, D.C. www.nap.edu; Improving Democracy assistance - building knowledge through evaluations and research; 10:0-309-11736-4 ]
The committee unanimously recommends … initiative is described in more detail below.
2. Sectoral level indicators would streamline usaid DG programs - 5 reasons Goldstone et al, ’08
[ Committee on Evaluation of USAID Democracy Assistance Programs; Development, security, and cooperation policy and global affairs; National Research Council of the National Academies, the National Academies Press, Washington, D.C. www.nap.edu; Improving Democracy assistance - building knowledge through evaluations and research; 10:0-309-11736-4 ]
By contrast, indicators focused on … of countries where USAID operates.
3. A coherent democracy database would allow assistance to be applied more strategically Goldstone et al, ’08
[ Committee on Evaluation of USAID Democracy Assistance Programs; Development, security, and cooperation policy and global affairs; National Research Council of the National Academies, the National Academies Press, Washington, D.C. www.nap.edu; Improving Democracy assistance - building knowledge through evaluations and research; 10:0-309-11736-4 ]
While the United States, other donor governments, and interna- tional …and the International Monetary Fund.
4. a DG Evaluation initiative would immediately demonstrate which programs should be expanded and which should be reformed Goldstone et al, ’08
[ Committee on Evaluation of USAID Democracy Assistance Programs; Development, security, and cooperation policy and global affairs; National Research Council of the National Academies, the National Academies Press, Washington, D.C. www.nap.edu; Improving Democracy assistance - building knowledge through evaluations and research; 10:0-309-11736-4 ]
Undertaking Pilot Impact Evaluations - … program impact.
Adv 1 Intelligence
There is a DATA Gap to address policy or recommendations for policies
Rosekind 09
[Mark R. Rosekind, Ph.D Kevin B. Gregory Alertness Solutions The Moebus Aviation Report on "Scientific and Medical Evaluationof Flight Time Limitations": Invalid, Insufficient, and Risky Alertness SolutionsJanuary 2009] [ct]
While the extensive scientific literature … should be the lead issue in addressing all of the questions posed.
Strong data is necessary for successful international relations policymaking
Starr 74
[Harvey Department of Political Science Indiana University Review: The Quantitative International Relations Scholar as Surfer: Riding the "Fourth Wave" Author(s): The Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol. 18, No. 2 (Jun., 1974), pp. 336-368] [ct]
The most outstanding methodological ties … frustration-aggression models, perception frameworks, and others.
We need a universal standard for what a successful democracy assistance is through data otherwise its impossible to know the rate of success or chances of failure or backlash
Zellner 07
[Arnold Graduate School of Business, University of Chicago Philosophy and objectives of econometrics Journal of Econometrics Volume 136, Issue 2, February 2007, Pages 331-339] [ct]
On the relation of science and econometrics, …“No effect unless shown otherwise.”
Judges empirically can't accurately assess low probability/big impact events
Viscusi 99
[W. Kip Harvard Law School “How Do Judges Think about Risk?” American Law and Economics Review VI N1/2 1999 (26-62)] [ct]
The standard economic prescription … even though the cost of the repair was below the expected benefits.
Strong data is necessary for standpoint epistemology to avoid stereotypes and dogmatism
Van Heertum 05
[Richard Van Heertum University of California, Los Angeles How Objective is Objectivity? A Critique of Current Trends in Educational Research UCLA Journal of Education and Information Studies
Volume 1, Issue 2 2005 Article 5] [ct]
Toward a New Vision of Educational Research
In critiquing positivism, … claims about the significance of their research at all costs.
Must have stronger data otherwise failiur is inevetable
Rabin 98
[Rabin, Matthew, University of California at Berkeley Psychology and economics. By: Journal of Economic Literature, 00220515, Mar98, Vol. 36, Issue 1 Database:Business Source Complete] [ct]
Do experience, expertise,… are consistent with this hypothesis
Decionsion without strong data creates a political supersense.
Fisher 99
[Harwood Fisher City College of the City University of New York Context and Category: The Post-Modern Power Politics of Expropriation Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psy. Vol. 15, No. 2, 1995] [ct]
In short, reducing human …certain facts can-not be logically denied, I hold that only the categories can be expropriated.
That causes genocide and sadistic violence
Fisher 99
[Harwood Fisher City College of the City University of New York Context and Category: The Post-Modern Power Politics of Expropriation Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psy. Vol. 15, No. 2, 1995] [ct]
The practical cost is the socio-political … events seems linguistic "supersense."
Political training aff
Also A Hard power heg adv
solves all conflict
Drug war adv
Solves mid east stability
and war
1AC Plan
The United States Federal Government should provide substantial political training for legally registered parties in Egypt.
Contention 1: Brotherhood
They're winning
Urban 11 (Mark, Diplomatic and Defence Editor – Newsnight (BBC), “Egypt's Islamists Mobilising Mass Support”, BBC News World, 8-3,http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-14396488)
They’re stronger than ever because of U.S. isolation and policy of picking winners
Duss 11 (Matthew, Policy Analyst and Director of Middle East Progress – Center for American Progress and MA in Middle East Studies – University of Washington, “Recognizing Reality in the Middle East”, Center for American Progress Report, 7-1,http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2011/07/middle_east_reality.html)
U.S. assistance gives parties the resources key to compete and prevent the MB
Ali 11 (Ayaan Hirsi, Fellow – American Enterprise Institute and Founder – AHA Foundation, “Get Ready for the Muslim Brotherhood”, New York Times, 2-3, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/04/opinion/04iht-edali04.html?pagewanted=all)
Strong demand exists for U.S. technical assistance including the MB
Slavin 11 (Barbara, Senior Fellow – Atlantic Council, Senior Diplomatic Correspondent – USA Today, and Assistant Managing Editor for World and National Security – Washington Times, “U.S. "Democracy" Advisors Suddenly in Demand”, Inter-Press Service, 4-14,http://ipsnews.net/wap/news.asp?idnews=55266)
Making it openly available without restriction enables an effective democratic transition
Strasser, 11
(Max, Cairo-Based News Editor, “Can USAID be a Force for Good in Egypt?” The Nation, http://www.thenation.com/article/162239/can-usaid-be-force-good-egypt)
Even if the Brotherhood takes control, assistance now gives the U.S. leverage to moderate its behavior
Duss 11 (Matthew, Policy Analyst and Director of Middle East Progress – Center for American Progress and MA in Middle East Studies – University of Washington, “Are We Serious About A Democratic Egypt?”, ThinkProgress Security, 2-4,http://thinkprogress.org/security/2011/02/04/176481/are-we-serious-about-a-democratic-egypt/)
Engagement undermines MB radicalism. Exclusion drives violent elements underground.
al-Anani 10 (Khalil, Visiting Fellow at the Saban Center for Middle East Policy – Brookings Institution and Assistant to the Managing Editor – al-Siyassa al Dawliya (Cairo Newspaper), “Egypt’s Muslim Brotherhood: Opposite Effects”, Ikkwan Web, 3-1,http://www.ikhwanweb.com/article.php?id=23446)
Un-moderated MB control causes global nuclear war
Rose 11 (Taylor, International Relations and Strategic Intelligence – Liberty University, “The Islamic Revolution Part II”, Youth for Western Civilization, 2-1, http://www.westernyouth.org/articles/the-islamic-revolution-part-ii/)
Exclusion fosters radicalism and violence that destabilizes the Middle East
Philpott 11 (Daniel, Associate Professor of Political Science and Peace Studies – University of Notre Dame, Timothy Shah, Associate Director of the Religious Freedom Project – Georgetown University's Berkley Center for Religion, Peace & World Affairs, and Monica Duffy Toft, Professor of Public Policy – Harvard University and Director – Initiative on Religion in International Affairs, “The Dangers of Secularism in the Middle East”, The Christian Science Monitor, 8-11, Lexis)
Middle East war goes Global
London 10 (Herbert I. London, President of the Hudson Institute, a New York University based political think tank, and professor of Humanities at New York University, Hudson New York, 6/28/10, http://www.hudson-ny.org/1387/coming-crisis-in-the-middle-east)
Contention 2: Credibility
It's declining throughout the middle east
Zogby 11 (Dr. James J., Founder and President – Arab American Institute, “America in Trouble in the Middle East: Obama Understands, But GOP Gloats”, Huffington Post, 7-16, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/james-zogby/ameri ca-in-trouble-in-the_b_900649.html?ir=World)
U.S. technical assistance secures credit and revives Arab relations
Hamid 11 (Shadi, Director of Research – Brookings Doha Center and Fellow – Saban Center for Middle East Policy at the Brookings Institution, “The Struggle for Middle East Democracy”, Ikhwan Web, 4-28,http://ikhwanmisr.net/article.php?id=28468&ref=search.php)
Tangible signals of U.S. support are critical - Egypt’s the test case
Elshinnawi 10 (Mohamed, Foreign Affairs Writer – VOA, “Egypt Key to Proving Obama's Commitment to Middle East Democracy”, Voice of America News, 6-30, http://www.voanews.com/english/news/special-reports/american-life/Egypt-Key-to-Proving-Obamas-Commitment-to-Middle-East-Democracy.html)
The impact’s nuclear and biological war in every global hotspot
Asali 9 (Ziad, President and Founder – American Task Force on Palestine, et al., “Changing Course: A New Direction for U.S. Relations with the Muslim World”, February, p. 9-16)
Egyptian aid boosts regional support necessary for reliable energy access
HRF 11 (Human Rights First – Nonprofit, Nonpartisan International Human Rights Organization, “How to Seize the Moment in Egypt”, April,http://www.humanrightsfirst.org/wp-content/uploads/pdf/Egypt-Blueprint-Seize-the-Moment.pdf)
That prevents shocks that go global
Cohen 5 (William, Cohen Group, Former U.S. Secretary of Defense, and Chair – CSIS Advisory Committee on U.S. Policy in the Arab World, et al., “From Conflict to Cooperation: Writing a New Chapter in U.S.-Arab Relations”, March,http://csis.org/files/media/csis/pubs/0503_conflictcooperation.pdf)
Extinction
Riddoch 4 (Dr. Malcolm, Faculty of Communications and Creative Industries – Edith Cowan University, Energy Bulletin, 6-18,http://www.energybulletin.net/node/729)
FGM AFF
I law adv
CRED
Plan: the United States federal government should substantially increase its democracy assistance for Egypt by increasing its positive deviance approach for female genital mutilation and cutting abandonment pilot programs to long-term and full-scale implementation.
Contention1: FGM
Female Genital Mutilation-reduction programs have been identified as democracy assistance for years; but are piecemeal and inadequately funded.
Blatchfield, [et al] July 26, 2011 [Luisa, International Relations Specialist, Congressional Research Service, International Violence Against Women: U.S. Response and Policy Issues; Rhoda Magesson, Specialist in International Humanitarian Policy, CRS, Tiaji Salaam-Blyther; Specialist in Global Health, Nina M. Serafino Specialist in International Security Affairs; AILA InfoNet Doc. No. 11081666. (Posted 08/16/11)]
U.S. policymakers have ....to combat violence against women.
Egypt has the highest rate of FGM in the world
Lucy Emmerson, July 27, 2011 [Promise of Arab Spring Failing to Deliver for Middle-Eastern Women; http://mideastposts.com/2011/07/27/promise-of-arab-spring-failing-to-deliver-for-middle-eastern-women/]
In Egypt, a general f......... is known to still be widely practiced.
USAID already has a pilot program in 24 communities in Egypt for FGM reduction and its proven to work.
McCloud and Aly, 2003 [Promoting FGM Abandonment in Egypt: Introduction of Positive Deviance, 2003; CEDPA.org]
Since 1998, CEPDA h....... its first three phases.
Empirical examples go affirmative
McCloud and Aly, 2003 [Promoting FGM Abandonment in Egypt: Introduction of Positive Deviance, 2003; CEDPA.org]
Over 73 percent of ........ people’s perceptions of the practice.
US has to do it – they’re modeled
Ignatief, Harvard’02, [Michael, Professor, Kennedy School] Is the Human Rights Era Ending?, February 5, http://www.alanalexandroff.com/ignatieffhr.pdf
Of course, just ....... stopping human rights abuses.
Egypt says yes
US Fed News, December 26, 2006
Although there is a growing........ Africa is not a museum," she added.
Contention 2: Patriarchy
FGM creates an unequal relationship between human and women - it’s a human rights violation and degrading torture
WHO, 8
World Health Organization, 2008 [Eliminating Female genital mutilation
An interagency statement OHCHR, UNAIDS, UNDP, UNECA, UNESCO; ISBN 978 92 4 159644 2 (NLM classification: WP 660)]
The term ‘female genital mutilation’ ........ the procedure results in death.
FGM is the source of patriarchal control – women are believed into thinking that FGM is “natural” and questioning it will result in exclusion – causes a psychological trauma and the devaluation of life
Hosken 89 (Fran, editor of Women’s International Network—coined the term “female genital mutilation,” March,http://www.nocirc.org/symposia/first/hosken.html)
Female genital mutilation - t.......... such educational programs have not been tried.
This dehumanization outweighs every other impact – attempting to “calculate” or quantify this devalue makes extermination possible
Berube 1997 [David Berube, Ph.D. in Communications, “Nanotechnological Prolongevity: The Down Side,” NanoTechnology Magazine, July 1997, p. 1-6]
While it may never be .......evil’s most powerful weapon.
These human rights violations eventually cause extinction
HR Web 94 (Human Rights Web, “An Introduction to the Human Rights Movement”, 7-20, http://www.hrweb.org/intro.html)
The United Nations Charter, U.......to preserve the human race.
Patriarchal thinking justifies environmental destruction, nuclear proliferation and culminates in extinction
Warren and Cady, 94 (Karen and Duane, Feminism and Peace: Seeing Connections, Hypatia, Vol. 9, No. 2, Spring, p4-20)
Operationalized, the evidence .......in regional, national and global contexts.
The aff is key – our focus on patriarchal violence can solve the root cause of warfare –giving priority to Flashpoints of violence creates a stop-gap which prevents engaging in productive politics
Zizek 2008 Slavoj Violence p 1-4
If there is a unifying ........of respect towards its victims.
FOURTH, Traditional understanding of warfare as great power conflict of nations over territory contributes to the invisibility of an ongoing systemic war against women
Ray 1997
Amy E. Ray, Law Clerk at U.S. Court of Appeals Fourth Circuit and JD at Florida State, “The Shame of It: Gender-Based Terrorism in the Former Yugoslavia and the Failure of International Human Rights Law to Comprehend the Injuries,” Pg. 46, Am. U.L. Rev. 793, February 1997]
The international community ........ women "in the by-ways of daily life."
Contention 3: No Disads
Democracy assistance to Egypt coming now but not enough to solve the aff
AP, 9/20 (11, Associated Press, http://www.siouxcityjournal.com/news/national/article_dc751da5-d846-5551-986f-2e510823edb6.html)
The world's major i........ Minister Alain Juppe.
Ignore short-term impact calc it’s based on a cognitive bias – long-term policy making as been empirically successful
Burrows (director of the Science, Health and Environmental Reporting Program at N.Y.U.) 9
(William, Using Space to Protect Earth, The Survival Imperative: Using Space to Protect Earth By Lifeboat Foundation Scientific Advisory Board member William E. Burrows, http://lifeboat.com/ex/using.space.to.protect.earth)
They are looming. .........e many more pressing concerns than saving civilization.
THIRD, The judge should make an ethical decision about violence against women – this requires setting aside issues of political expediency -Patriarchy produces knowledge is such a way that you should question all of their truth claims
Enloe, Professor of Women’s Studies at Clark University, 2004 Cynthia, The Curious Feminist, page 4-7
Patriarchy - patriarchy is the .........drawing them into complicity.
Imet - Egypt
Advantage 1: Relations
Plan increases relations with the military.
Impacts:
Terror
Egypt-Israel War
Advantage 2: Stability
Solves suez canal shut down
Impacts:
Food prices/Food wars
EU Econ
aDVANTAGE 3
CMR
heg
Police AFF
Plan: The United States Federal Government should increase its democracy assistance for Yemen by establishing an International Counter Narcotics and Law Enforcement program for Yemen in order to support the rule of law.
The US should permanently provide Yemen with INCLE funds to support the rule of law and establish a stable police force
Sharp, Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs, 2011
[Jeremy M., "Yemen: Background and U.S. Relations," Congressional Research Service, 6-8-11, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RL34170.pdf, accessed 7-31-11, mtf]
INCLE key to support rule of law in Yemen through police, justice, and prison development programs
INL, 2011
[BUREAU OF INTERNATIONAL NARCOTICS AND LAW ENFORCEMENT AFFAIRS, "FY 2011 Program and Budget Guide: Near East," http://www.state.gov/p/inl/rls/rpt/pbg/fy2011/149372.htm, accessed 8-3-11, mtf]
Police reform key to taking down Al-Qaeda
Knoetgen, CEJISS columnist, 2011
[Capt. Peter, Commanding Officer US Naval Forces Central Command, Central European Journal of International and Security Studies, "Chaos and Terrorism: How to Fight al-Qaeda in Yemen Amid Political Turmoil," 5-16-11, http://www.cejiss.org/columns/chaos-and-terrorism-how-fight-al-qaeda-yemen-amid-political-turmoil, accessed 8-6-11, mtf]
Effective policing key internal link to solving terrorism – wins hearts and minds of people and provide long-term solvency
Grono, Deputy President of International Crisis Group, 2011(Nick, Masters in Public Policy from Princeton, "Testimony to the Dutch Parliament on the Deployment of a Police Training Mission to Afghanistan," International Crisis Group is an NGO committed to preventing and resolving deadly conflict, 1-24-11, http://www.crisisgroup.org/en/publication-type/speeches/2011/testimony-to-dutch-parliament-afghanistan-police-mission.aspx, accessed 9-9-11, mtf)
AQAP will attack oil facilities in Saudi Arabia
Ulrichsen, research fellow at the London School of Economics and Political Science, 2011
(Kristian Coates, deputy director of the Kuwait Programme on Development, Governance and Globalisation in the Gulf States, "The Geopolitics of Insecurity in the Horn of Africa and the Arabian Peninsula," Middle East Policy Vol. 18.2, Summer, p. 120–135, Wiley Online Library, accessed 10-10-11, mtf)
Attacks on Saudi oil facilities collapse the global economy
Gartenstein-Ross, Foundation for Defense of Democracies, 2011
(Daveed, directs the Center for the Study of Terrorist Radicalization, "Osama's Oil Obsession," Foreign Policy, 5-23-11, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/05/23/osamas_oil_obsession, accessed 10-10-11, mtf)
Saudi oil production is irreplaceable – affects every indicator of the economy
Babej, Forbes marketing columnist, 2011
(Marc E., co-founder of Reason inc., "A Saudi Oil Supply Disruption-The Ultimate Marketing Crisis Scenario," Forbes, 3-29-11, http://www.forbes.com/sites/marcbabej/2011/03/29/a-saudi-oil-supply-disruption-the-ultimate-marketing-crisis-scenario/, accessed 10-12-11, mtf)
AQAP will strike the Bab Al-Mandeb strait, taking out oil transportation in the region
Watkins, Oil Diplomacy editor, 2010
(Eric, "Al-Qaeda's new oil strategy," Oil and Gas Journal, 2-15-10, Factiva, accessed 10-5-11, mtf)
No substitutes – the Bab el-Mandeb is a key oil chokepoint – instability causes oil shocks
Roman, Editorial Assistant The Encyclopedia of Earth, 2008
(Alejandra, former research assistant at BU Center for Energy and Environmental Studies; Cutler Cleveland Professor in the Department of Geography and Environment at Boston University; Tom Lawrence Public Service Associate with the University of Georgia and Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering at Purdue, "Bab el-Mandeb," Encyclopedia of Earth, 9-12-08, http://www.eoearth.org/article/Bab_el-Mandeb, accessed 10-5-11, mtf)
Oil shocks cause global economic collapse, great power wars, and intensified warming
King, Center for a New American Security, 2008
(Neil Jr., "Peak Oil: A Survey of Security Concerns," Center for a New American Security Energy Security Visionaries Series, July, http://www.aspousa.org/aspousa4/proceedings/_CNAS_King_Peak_Oil_WorkingPaper.pdf, accessed 10-12-11, mtf)
Economic decline makes every impact inevitable
US-Saudi relations down now – plan solves
Paikin, columnist for the Prince Arthur Herald, 2011
(Zach, "Paikin: W(h)ither Yemen?," Canadian student news source, 7-7-11, http://princearthurherald.com/archives/5783, accessed 8-14-11, mtf)
US action in Yemen key to solidify Saudi relations and counter Iran
Friedman, Chief Executive Officer and founder of Stratfor, 2011
(George, Ph.D. in government from Cornell, "Iraq, Iran and the Next Move," Real Clear World is a global news source, 4-26-11, http://www.realclearworld.com/articles/2011/04/26/iraq_iran_and_the_next_move_99494.html, accessed 8-14-11, mtf)
Iran is contending for preeminence and Saudi Arabia is the key roadblock
Spindle and Coker, WSJ writers, 2011
(Bill is the Middle East Bureau Chief at Dow Jones/WSJ; and Margaret is a Middle East Correspondent at WSJ, "The New Cold War," WSJ, 4-16-11, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704116404576262744106483816.html, accessed 8-19-11, mtf)
Relations key to check Iran prolif and regional instability
Global News Wire, 2011
Iran prolif leads to Middle East prolif and escalates into nuclear war
Uchino, Kyoto University science professor, 2011
(Yoshinari, "Iran’s Nuclear Program and U.S. Security Policy," Proceedings of The 1st International Symposium on Liberal Arts and General Education, 3-10-11, http://www.viz.media.kyoto-u.ac.jp/sympo2010/data/Paper_Collection.pdf#page=47, p. 42-53, accessed 8-14-11, mtf)
Best studies show that even a small scale nuclear war would lead to nuclear winter, cause massive climate change, and result in extinction
Robock, professor of climatology at Rutgers University, 2009
(Alan, Department of Environmental Sciences at Rutgers and associate director of its Center for Environmental Prediction, "Nuclear winter," The Encyclopedia of Earth, 1-6-09, http://www.eoearth.org/article/Nuclear_winter, accessed 9-9-11, mtf)
Eco gov Aff
1The United States federal government should substantially increase its EcoGov2 environmental governance for Egypt by providing all technical support necessary for full implementation.
Obs 1.) THE SQUO
Policymakers are ignoring the ecological dimensions of the Arab Spring.
Ahmed, 2011 [Dr. Mushtaque Ahmed is the Director of the Center for Environmental Studies and Research(CESAR) and Associate Professor of the Department of Soils, Water, and Agricultural Engineering, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University (SQU) of Oman.Middle East Institute Viewpoints: The Environment and the Middle East, Vol 1 February, 2011]:
Egypt enters the third ...multitude of challenges.
The Middle East and North Africa stand at a cross roads between environmental sustainability and total environmental collapse. But there is still time to prevent it.
Muawya Ahmed Hussein is a professor at Dhofar University, College of Commerce & Business Administration, Salalah,Oman, 2011[Middle East Institute Viewpoints: The Environment and the Middle East, Vol 1 February, 2011]:
Over the past century...for timely intervention.
A shift to environmental governance and civil society is necessary for planetary survival.
John Lash, President of the World Resources Institute writes in Opening the Door for Environmental Democracy, 2008:
As humanity strains...national and global levels.
ECOGOV2 SOLVES THE POTENTIAL FOR A MYRIAD OF ENVIRONEMNTAL PROBLEMS.
USAID 11.Phillipine Environmental Governance Phase 2 Project (EcoGov2) Midterm Evaluation Report. Online (http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PDACM501.pdf)
Using the experiences ...new DENR Secretary, Lito.
WE REDEFINE WHAT ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE MEANS CREATES AN EFFECTIVE WORLD WIDE MODEL
Florano, Ebinezer R. PhD. 2010. Definition of ‘Environmental Governance Revisited’. Online (http://www.ecogov2.blogspot.com/)
Other definitions of environmental ...proper design and strategy.
ADV 1.) THE TREES
The Pharonic Palm tree in Egypt is on the brink of extinction.
Cam McGrath, 2011 [http://www.globalissues.org/news/2011/01/07/8112]
Environmentalists have called ... Red List of Threatened Species.
EcoGov is a comprehensive governance project that works to protect biological diversity and create conditions for sustainable development from a bioregional perspective.
Development Alternatives, 2009 [Phillipine Ecogovernance Quarterly Report No. 18, May, 2009]:
The Philippine Environmental ... in priority eco-regions.
Loss of Biodiversity leads to extinction.
Diner 94 [David N., Military Law Review Winter 43 Mil. L. Rev. 161 THE ARMY AND THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT: WHO'S ENDANGERING WHOM? Judge Advocate General's Corps, United States Army.]
The main premise of species...edging closer to the abyss.
This outweighs all else-
Elliott`97 (Herschel, University of Florida Emeritus Philosophy, 1997 “A General Statement of the Tragedy of the Commons,” February 26,http://www.dieoff.org/page121.htm)
Third, all systems ...human societies and individuals.
THE PALM IS A CULTURAL ICON FOR THE EGYPTIANS
Pain 6 [Stephanie, June 6th, Contributing writer at newscientist.com, Egyptologists' palm nearly extinct.]
One mystery had now...It wasn't extinct - not quite.
Maintaining cultural diversity is essential for human survival.
Patrick Murphy, 1996 [http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G1-18730539.html]
Just as the ecology movement ...interdependence endangers us all.
ADV 1.) GLOBAL WARMING
GLOBAL WARMING IS COMING NOW, BUT IS REVERSABLE
Florano, Ebinezer R. PhD. 2010. 2010: Global Climate Hotter, Wetter. Online (http://ecogov2.blogspot.com/2011/01/global-climate-hotter-wettest.html)
The NASA and NOAA...needed, climate scientists said.
ECOGOV 2 ADDRESSES ISSUES OF GLOBAL WARMING IN COUNTRIES
USAID 11.Phillipine Environmental Governance Phase 2 Project (EcoGov2) Midterm Evaluation Report. Online (http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PDACM501.pdf)
Addressing climate change ...and to take action on.
Zinni ’07 [Tony, Retired Marine Corps General, “National Security and the Threat of Climate Change,” http://securityandclimate.cna.org/report/National%20Security%20and%20the%20Threat%20of%20Climate%20Change.pdf]
Climate change acts ...a conflict has begun.
Global warming will cause irreversible extinction.
Sydney Morning Herald ’03 [Jun 20, “Global Warming threatens Earth with mass extinction,” Lexis]
Global warming
over ...because of human activities.
Hanson et al ’07 [J (Goddard Institute for Space Studies), “Dangerous human-made interference with climate,” http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/7/2287/2007/acp-7-2287-2007.pdf]
These stark conclusions...evidence of the danger.
Daily Telegraph, April 23, 2008, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/main.jhtml?xml=/earth/2008/04/23/eaclimate123.xml
Climate change could ...water availability and crop yields."
German Advisory Council on Global Change, 2008, CLIMATE CHANGE AS A SECURITY RISK,http://www.wbgu.de/wbgu_jg2007_engl.pdf
A climate induced ...impending climate crises.
OB 2 NO DISADS
Democracy assistance to Egypt coming now but not enough to solve the aff
AP, 9/20 (11, Associated Press, http://www.siouxcityjournal.com/news/national/article_dc751da5-d846-5551-986f-2e510823edb6.html)
The world's major...Minister Alain Juppe
U.S. Democracy assistance to the middle east coming now
Jackson, 9/20 (David, 11, USA Today, http://content.usatoday.com/communities/theoval/post/2011/09/obama-pledges-us-help-for-libya/1?csp=34news)
President Obama ...development of the economy.