FW
A. Interpretation – The affirmative must affirm the resolution by defending the hypothetical implementation of a topical plan.
B. Definitional support:
1. Resolved proves the framework for the resolution is to enact a policy.
Words and Phrases 1964 Permanent Edition
2.The topic is defined by the phrase following the colon – the USFG is the agent of the resolution, not the individual debaters
Webster’s Guide to Grammar and Writing – 2000
http://ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/marks/colon.htm
3. The USFG is the three branched institution established by the us constitution
United States Law & Legal Definition 2010 Federal Government (http://definitions.uslegal.com/u/united-states-federal-government/)
4. Should denotes an expectation of enacting a plan
American Heritage Dictionary – 2000 [www.dictionary.com]
C. Violation- the affirmative advocates the recognition of the black body as the foundation of civil society on route to our discussion of the topic
1. Topicality before advocacy – the resolution is the only stable locus for predictable ground. Allowing the aff to pick ground and frameworks outside of this makes it impossible for the negative to predict and prepare – this is a voting issue for competitive equity and is a prior question to the affirmative
Shively, Assistant Professor of Political Science at Texas A&M, 2000
(Ruth Lessl, Partisan Politics and Political Theory, p. 181-2)
And analysis of implementation is best – it’s easy to advocate arguments and concepts in the abstract, but the problem lies in applying them – the aff can’t be evaluated otherwise
Ignatieff 2004, Professor of Human Rights at Harvard, (Michael, Lesser Evils, pages 18-19)
Day 1966 (Dennis, Professor of Speech at University of Wisconsin-Madison Central States Speech Journal,
February, page 7)
Roleplaying as policymakers generates productive education that overcomes our political exclusion – the affirmative re-entrenches passivity
Kulynych, Assistant Professor of Political Science at Winthrop, 1997
(Jessica, Winthrop University, Polity 32:2, Winter, p. 344-5)
Hegging our bets
The 1AC’s K of American policy is dangerous—it contributes to the collapse of US primacy
Kagan 98 (Robert, senior associate at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and PhD in American History from American U, “The Benevolent Empire,” Foreign Policy. Summer, http://www.carnegieendowment.org/publications/index.cfm?fa=view&id=275 //shree)
Hegging our bets
Their advocacy is code for wishful-thinking—their politics may be good in the abstract but suicidal in real life.
Sowell 6 (Thomas, senior fellow at Stanford University’s Hoover Institution, “Serious or Suicidal”, Jewish World Review, http://www.jewishworldreview.com/cols/sowell010306.asp //shree)
Results in wars around globe
Rosen 3 (Stephen Peter Rosen, Beton Michael Kaneb Professor of National Security and Military Affairs at Harvard University, The National Interest. “An Empire, if You Can Keep It.” March 22. http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G1-99377575.html //shree)
Hegging our bets
Vote negative to align yourself with American dominance—the unwavering rhetoric of support is critical to preserving international stability.
Kristol & Kagan 96 (William Kristol – visiting professor in government at Harvard University and Robert Kagan – senior associate at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and PhD in American History, “Toward a Neo-Reganite Foreign Policy,” Foreign Affairs. July/August, http://www.carnegieendowment.org/publications/index.cfm?fa=view&id=276 //shree)
TWENTY YEARS later, it --To achieve this goal, the United States needs a neo-Reaganite foreign policy of military supremacy and moral confidence.
Hegging our bets
De-operationalizing realism is undesirable—
(A) It’ll be even more violent
O'Callaghan 2 (Terry, lecturer in the school of International Relations at the University of South Australia, International Relations and the Third Debate, ed: Jarvis, p. 79-80//shree)
In fact, if we explore the depths --of the study of international politics.
(B) Best studies validate our alternative—if root causes are important, heg correlates way better than anything else for preventing political violence
Owen 11 (John, associate professor of politics – University of Virginia, 2/11, “Don’t Discount Hegemony,” http://www.cato-unbound.org/2011/02/11/john-owen/dont-discount-hegemony/ //shree)
Andrew Mack and his colleagues -- liberal democracy remains strong.
Role of the ballot is to maximize the lives saved. Attempts to preserve more lives gives equality to all beings—short-circuits any value to life claim
Cummisky 96 (David, professor of philosophy at Bates College, Kantian Consequentialism, pg. 145//shree)
We must not obscure -- sacrifice some to save many.
Death outweighs—you can’t come back from it and you can’t experience wonder when you’re dead.
Wapner 3 (Paul, associate professor and director of the Global Environmental Policy Program at American University. “Leftist Criticism of "Nature" Environmental Protection in a Postmodern Age,” Dissent Winter, http://www.dissentmagazine.org/menutest/archives/2003/wi03/wapner.htm)
All attempts to listen to -- intellectual insights and compromise
Case
Don’t let them get away with playing the “all your evidence is a product of racism” card—their epistemological account is reductionist and empiricism is valid. Personal insight is non-falsifiable and has no brightline—the rejection of all “Eurocentric” methods means they are too arbitrary to generate real discussion.
Niemonen 10 (Jack Niemonen, American Sociologist, 41(1), 48-81, “Public Sociology or Partisan Sociology? The Curious Case of Whiteness Studies” EBSCOhost)
Despite recognition that -- succeed in the absence of reification.
Afro-pessimism and defense of the apocalypse is bad. Imagining the black body as unable to generate an ontology, subjectivity or history is not only falsely essentialist, but precludes the possibility of any agency divorced from colonialist hierarchies.
Maty Ba 11 (Saer, Professor of Film Studies at Portsmouth University in the UK, researches race, postcolonialism, diaspora, the transnational and film ‘genre’, African and Carribean Cinemas and Film Festivals. “The US Decentred: From Black Social Death to Cultural Transformation,” Cultural Studies Review 17:2, September, p 386-390//shree. Sorry, template refused to cooperate.)
Red, White and Black is -- multiply outer‐ national.
Even if they make race visible, since it’s a debate and we have to give a 1NC/2AC, we are literally incapable of agreeing with them. Teams write blocks and cut strats to beat them, not to cooperate in changing the community. They actively trade-off with productive public non-competitive discourse outside of rounds—prefer our evidence because it’s specific to debate practice, not just academia
Atchison and Panetta ‘9 (Jarrod Atchison, Director of Debate @ Trinity University, and Edward Panetta, Director of Debate @ the University of Georgia, Intercollegiate Debate and Speech Communication: Issues for the Future, p. 317-34)
The larger problem with locating the -- problems requires a tremendous effort by a great number of people.
Violence is proximately caused – their root cause logic is poor scholarship and not empirically based.
Sharpe 10, lecturer, philosophy and psychoanalytic studies, and Goucher, senior lecturer, literary and psychoanalytic studies – Deakin University, (Matthew and Geoff, Žižek and Politics: An Introduction, p. 231 – 233)
We realise that this argument, -- it nor taking it seriously.
Liberalism can affirm cultural difference and contingency – their critique is a totalizing portrayal of liberalism that destroys progressive change
Arslan 99, professor of government – Polis Akademisi Güvenlik Bilimleri Fakültesi
(Zhutu, “Taking Rights Less Seriously,” Res Publica 5)
Incredulous of -- begin taking rights more seriously.
2nc
Must defend civil society in the debate space – as individuals we should align ourselves with polices that move civil society forward
Frost 2005 (Meryn, professor of international politics at Kings College, London, The Idea of Global Civil Society: Politics and ethics in a globalizing era, edited by Randall D. Germain and Michael Kenny, p. 132-3) PM
Thus, it seems that we civilians in --which they have control.
Civil society enables one to critique and re-order current relationships of ideology, identity and power.
Kenny and Garmain 2005 (Michael and Randall D., professor of politics at the University of Sheffield, The Idea of Global Civil Society: Politics and ethics in a globalizing era, edited by Randall D. Germain and Michael Kenny, p. 4-6) PM
For this reason in particular, -- geopolitical power relations.
Focus on macropolitics and policy formation is especially key to challenge structures of white supremacy
Themba-Nixon 2K (Makani, July 31, Colorlines, Changing the Rules: What Public Policy Means for Organizing, Vol 3.2) “This is all about policy," -- committed to making it so.
Their education results in far right fill in
Mouffe 2005 (Chantal, professor of at University of Westminister in United Kingdom, On the Political, p. 113-114) PM
Were the anti-globalization -- a serious mistake.
Muir, Department of Communications at George Mason, 1993 [Philosophy & Rhetoric, v.26, n.4]
The values of -- impressionable soul that we insist on their utility. <292-3>
1nr
(B) Hegemony is the defining proximate cause for peace and the decline in politically motivated deaths because it creates the economic and social conditions for openness and stability around the world—that’s Owen 11. Prefer our claim over assertions to the contrary—it’s the only evidence based on decades of empirical and quantifiable data—their evidence is more likely to be ideologically biased because their impact claims have no verifiable studies to back it up. Give their “prior question” arguments zero weight
Coyne 6 (Jerry A., reviewing FOLLIES OF THE WISE by Frederick Crews, September 6, 2006. http://tls.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,25347-2345445,00.html)
Crews includes three final essays on -- need to heed Crews’s plea for empiricism.
Human nature—realist interactions between sovereign states are coded in our psychology
Solomon 96 (Hussein, Senior Researcher, Human Security Project, “In Defense of Realism: Confessions of a Fallen Idealist,” African Security Review 5:2, http://www.iss.co.za/pubs/ASR/5No2/5No2/InDefense.html //shree)
The post-modern/critical theory challenge -- the folly of such a view.
No link- colonialism ended, your authors are forwarding an outdated kritik because they cant understand the new world, its just propaganda
Bruckner 2010(Pascal, award winning philosopher and author of eighteen books of fiction and non-fiction, The tyranny of guilt, 129-133)
in truth, the trial of colonialism -- discipline to the rank of simple propaganda.
Metabolism makes the generation of value to life inevitable—our status as beings inheres an affirmation of life in the face of nonbeing.
Bernstein 2 (Richard J., Vera List Prof. Phil. – New School for Social Research, “Radical Evil: A Philosophical Interrogation”, p. 188-192)
This is precisely what Jonas does -- the objects of your will." (IR 11)
(C) Value to Life is impossible without security.
Elshtain ‘2 (Jean Bethke, Prof. Social and Politics Ethics – U. Chicago, and Chair in Foundations of American Freedom – Georgetown U., Common Knowledge, “LUTHER’S LAMB: When and How to Fight a Just War”, 8:2, Highwire)
The ordinary civic peace that --during the later conflict.
