aspec
A. Interpretation: The USFG is either the legislative, executive or judicial branch. The affirmative must specify this in the plan
Dictionary of Politics 1973
(p 509)
The structure of the federal government, and of most inferior governments, is based on the doctrine of Separation of Powers; membership in any of the three co-ordinate branches of government – legislative, executive, judicial – is incompatible with membership in the other.
B. Violation – The plan fails to specify what agent enacts the plan.
C. Standards –
Education – Failure to specify reduces depth of education by forcing debates about generic evidence
Ground – Not specifying means we only get generic arguments and it allows them to rely on generic answers.
Fairness – Specification is key to pre-round prep and 1NC strategy formulation.
Topicality – Specification is critical to determining if AFFs are actually topical.
D. This argument is a voting issue for the reasons stated above
1NC – T – DA = Democracy is Primary Goal
A. Interpretation - Fostering democracy must be the primary focus of the plan
Carothers 2000 (Thomas vice president for studies at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, “Taking Stock of Democracy Assistance” American Democracy Promotion )
The term ‘democracy assistance’ is … into three general categories.
B. Violation - Fostering Democracy is a secondary purpose of the plan
C. Standards
1. Ground - The bulk of our offense stems from the idea that giving democracy assistance to the listed countries is a bad idea. Sidestepping this issue by drawing all their offense from elsewhere skews the debate in the affirmative’s favor.
2. Topic Specific Education - The primary focus of the resolution is the question of whether or not democracy assistance is a good idea. Their interpretation shifts the focus of the debate.
D. Topicality is a Voting Issue for fairness and education
XO CP
Executive orders are key to maintaining and projecting Presidential Powers
Mayer, 2001 (Kenneth R., Professor of political science at University of Wisconsin-Madison, With the Stroke of a Pen: Executive Orders and Presidential Power, Princeton University Press, p.28-29, 2001)
This theoretical perspective offered by the … which they have no control.
Politics
Ex Im will pass- Obama PC is key, delay triggers all the impacts
USA Today February 17th 2012 “Obama presses GOP on Ex-Im Bank reauthorization” http://content.usatoday.com/communities/theoval/post/2012/02/obama-presses-gop-on-ex-im-reauthorization/1#.T0GkdPEgd2B
President Obama stepped up pressure on … week urging they reauthorize the bank
EX-IM key to econ
Jeff Ostermayer January 27th 2012 “Ex-Im Reauthorization Would be a Jobs Bill” http://shopfloor.org/2012/01/ex-im-reauthorization-would-be-a-jobs-bill/23795
One of the big success stories … by our overseas competition.
Economic decline causes war – multiple warrants and the best research flows aff.
Royal, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, 2010
(Jedediah, “Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises,” in Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal, and Political Perspectives, ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p.213-215) JDB
Less intuitive is how periods of economic … considered ancillary to those views.
Audacity of Nope 1NC
What is world history but a minute in eternity? The affirmative dresses themselves in the garb of sages and point to their achievements to raise themselves above nature without realizing that intellect is the ultimate form of deception.
Kirkland 1 (Russell, prof of Asian religion @ UGA, “'Responsible Non-Action' in a Natural World: Perspectives from the Neiye, Zhuangzi, and Daode jing,” Daoism and Ecology, http://kirkland.myweb.uga.edu/rk/pdf/pubs/ECO.pdf //shree)
In the Taoist classic Huai-nan-tzu, one finds … accepting the new state of things.’
The good traveler has no fixed plans. The joy of life comes spontaneously in accepting things as they are—the 1AC’s social engineering destroys us spiritually.
Slabbert 1, (Jos, Taoist teacher, “Tao Te Ching: How to Deal With Suffering,” http://www.taoism.net/theway/suffer.htm //shree, ev under erasure)
If you open yourself to loss, you … with it, the more damage we will do.
Vote negative to forgo the 1AC’s intent to effect desired ends.
Kirkland 96 (Russel, prof of Asian religions at UGA, “The Book of the Way,” Great Literature of the Eastern World, http://kirkland.myweb.uga.edu/rk/pdf/pubs/DAODE.pdf //shree)
Specifically, the Tao is humble, yielding, … thwart its unceasing operation.
Stability Advantage
ME Stability Advantage Frontline (1/1)
( ) No risk of Middle East war
(A) No Regional Spillover
Maloney and Takeyh 7 – *senior fellow for Middle East Policy at the Saban Center for Middle East Studies at the Brookings Institution AND **senior fellow for Middle East Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations (Susan and Ray, International Herald Tribune, 6/28, “Why the Iraq War Won't Engulf the Mideast”, http://www.brookings.edu/opinions/2007/0628iraq_maloney.aspx)
Yet, the Saudis, Iranians, Jordanians, … enveloping the entire Middle East.
ME Stability Advantage—Renewables Turn 1NC (1/2)
Middle east instability and war will force a political shift to renewable development
Marvin Cetron (President of Forecasting International) and Owen Daniels (Former Senior Editor of Omni Magazine) 2007 “Worst-Case Scenario: the Middle East,” The Futurist
That leaves the matter of … from the Middle East.
Middle East instability directly causes transition to renewable energy
Newt Gingrich (former Speaker of the House) July 24 2006 “Winning the Argument About the Third World War,” Eagle Publishing
Moreover, I agree with you that … fact-finding mission in the Midwest.
High oil prices cause renewable shift that solves climate change
Steve Yetiv (professor of political science and international studies at Old Dominion University) February 6 2006
“America benefits from high oil prices,” San Diego Union-Tribune,
http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20060206/news_mz1e6yetiv.html
In particular, what can high oil prices do that … oil starts to dwindle in the future.
Warming causes extinction
Oliver Tickell (Climate Researcher) August 11 2008 “On a planet 4C hotter, all we can prepare for is extinction”, http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2008/aug/11/climatechange)
We need to get prepared for four …towards a similar hothouse Earth.
Cred Advantage
Impacts to hegemonic decline are myths – decline is good and causes retrenchment - solves great power wars, long term influence, and interventionism
MacDonald and Parent 11
(Paul K. MacDonald is Assistant Professor of Political Science at Williams College. Joseph M. Parent is Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of Miami, Graceful Decline? The Surprising Success of Great Power Retrenchment,” International Security 35:4, Spring 2011, accessed 1-9-12) JDB
Other observers advocate retrenchment … retrench recovered their relative position.
Hegemony is unsustainable – challengers, overstretch, and domestic financial concerns
Layne 10
(Christopher Layne, Professor and Robert M. Gates Chair in National Security at Texas A&M's George H.W. Bush School of Government & Public Service. "Graceful decline: the end of Pax Americana". The American Conservative. May 2010. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_7060/is_5_9/ai_n54223596/) AK
China's economy has been growing … afflicted with hegemony fatigue.