1NC

Jackson Vanik will pass now, but Obama’s capital is key. 

Inside US Trade 1/6/12 http://insidetrade.com/Inside-US-Trade/Inside-U.S.-Trade-01/06/2012/2012-trade-legislation-may-be-limited-to-lifting-jackson-vanik-for-russia/menu-id-172.html

The terms of the Jackson-Vanik vote 

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indication of his interest in advancing that cause.

Democracy assistance to Yemen is broadly unpopular

Omar Karmi 8-2, 2011 US argues over foreign aid policy along with its debt problem http://www.thenational.ae/news/worldwide/middle-east/us-argues-over-foreign-aid-policy-along-with-its-debt-problem

With the same acrimony it has debated the 

AND 

terrorist organisation participate in government in any way.

Political capital is key to pass PNTR. 

Graham Allison and Robert D. Blackwill October 2011 Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs Harvard University Russia and U.S. National Interests: Why Should Americans Care? A Report of the Task Force on Russia and U.S. National Interest Graham Allison Director of Harvard Kennedy School’s Belfer Assistant Secretary of Defense in the first Clinton Administration Robert D. Blackwill is the Henry A. Kissinger senior fellow for U.S. foreign policy at the Council on Foreign Relations. Deputy national security adviser for strategic planning under President George W. Bush, presidential envoy to Iraq and was the administration’s coordinator for U.S. policies regarding Afghanistan and Iran.

Finally, given the disparities between U.

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a controversial topic like American policy toward Russia.

Russian accession to the WTO without repeal of Jackson-Vanik would tank US Russian relations. 

ANDERS ASLUND and C. FRED BERGSTEN June 21, 2010 Foreign Policy: Let Russia Join the WTO http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=127981016

The United States still maintains the Jackson-

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Iran, needs Russian cooperation more than ever. 

US-Russian relations are critical for global security, preventing proliferation, sustaining US leadership and averting nuclear war. 

Allison and Blackwill 10-30-11 Graham Allison, Director, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs; Douglas Dillon Professor of Government; Faculty Chair, Dubai Initiative, Harvard Kennedy School, Robert D. Blackwill, International Council Member, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs "10 Reasons Why Russia Still Matters"http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/21469/10_reasons_why_russia_still_matters.html

That central point is that Russia matters a 

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or failure, in advancing our national interests.

The impact is extinction

Bostrom 2 (Nick, Dir. Future of Humanity Institute and Prof. Philosophy – Oxford U., Journal of Evolution and Technology, “Analyzing Human Extinction Scenarios and Related Hazards”, 9, March, http://www.nickbostrom.com/existential/risks.html)

The first manmade existential risk was the inaugural 

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that we will encounter in the 21st century.

Impact Overview

Risk of miscalculation and conflict is high now – Russia fears US nuclear re-arm

Lendman ‘9 (Research Associate – Centre for Research on Globalization, 6-24, http://www.atlanticfreepress.com/reviews/10253-reviewing-f-william-engdahls-qfull-spectrum-dominance-totalitarian-democracy-in-the-new-world-orderq-part-i.html)

A nuclear-armed Russia with intercontinental missile 

AND 

survival considerations," not a desire for confrontation. 

Relations are critical to secure loose stockpiles – solves the root cause of terror 

Graham Allison and Robert D. Blackwill October 2011 Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs Harvard University Russia and U.S. National Interests: Why Should Americans Care? A Report of the Task Force on Russia and U.S. National Interest Graham Allison Director of Harvard Kennedy School’s Belfer Assistant Secretary of Defense in the first Clinton Administration Robert D. Blackwill is the Henry A. Kissinger senior fellow for U.S. foreign policy at the Council on Foreign Relations. Deputy national security adviser for strategic planning under President George W. Bush, presidential envoy to Iraq and was the administration’s coordinator for U.S. policies regarding Afghanistan and Iran.

In assisting Russia to secure its own arsenal

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but also addresses equivalent challenges in other countries.

Cooperation between the US and Russia is critical to resolving differences over Middle East Peace and positions on the Arab Spring. 

Aigerim Zikibayeva September 2011 a report of the csis russia and eurasia program What Does the Arab Spring Mean for Russia, Central Asia, and the Caucasus? Editor Rapporteurs Serge Korepin Shalini Sharan http://csis.org/files/publication/110912_Zikibayeva_ArabSpring_Web.pdf

The future of cooperation between the United States 

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establish a cooperative relationship between Washington and Moscow.

A2 Thumpers

Obama won’t push payroll

LA Times 1-1-12 “Obama's resolution? To limit dealings with Congress” http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-na-obama-plans-20120101,0,2595075.story

His jobs plan includes money to keep public 

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point is that that's no longer a requirement."

JV Obama’s #1 priority

Inside US Trade 12/16/11 “Administration Presses For Russia MFN Vote No Later Than Duma Action” Lexis

At the meeting, administration officials also communicated 

AND 

passage of the three FTAs, sources said.

Appointment fight is a bigger win than loss for Obama. 

The Hill 1/6/12 “For Obama, an actual good week” http://thehill.com/blogs/pundits-blog/the-administration/202775-for-obama-an-actual-good-week

Meanwhile, with all eyes on a split 

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with other independents who don't like recess appointments.

Relations Debate

JV repeal is part of the overall reset. Now is a key time to reassure both sides of a positive relationship. If Congress refuses to grant PNTR it will make relations worse on every other issue. 

Jacqueline McLaren Miller 8/15/11  The Reset: Down - but not Out

senior associate at the EastWest Institute http://www.ewi.info/reset-down-not-out

This is far from the only issue bedeviling 

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, both sides are likely to lose out. 

Relations are sustainable but that can collapse easily – maintaining cooperation is critical. 

Graham Allison and Robert D. Blackwill October 2011 Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs Harvard University Russia and U.S. National Interests: Why Should Americans Care? A Report of the Task Force on Russia and U.S. National Interest Graham Allison Director of Harvard Kennedy School’s Belfer Assistant Secretary of Defense in the first Clinton Administration Robert D. Blackwill is the Henry A. Kissinger senior fellow for U.S. foreign policy at the Council on Foreign Relations. Deputy national security adviser for strategic planning under President George W. Bush, presidential envoy to Iraq and was the administration’s coordinator for U.S. policies regarding Afghanistan and Iran.

Just as the United States should expect Russia 

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or the pace of democratic change in Russia.

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Use the second box for cites formatted with wiki syntax or plain text, such as that exported from Verbatim 4.

Democracy assistance has 4 subsectors Civil Society, Governance, Rule of Law, and Elections

Azpuru, Finkel, Perez-Linan,

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Vandy, Pitt, Pitt, Vandy, ’08

(“What has the United States Been Doing

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, April 2008 pp. 150-159)

It is often said that Western donors are

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the increasing attention to decentralization and local government. 

Democracy assistance is distinct from diplomacy method

Adesnik and McFaul, 6 [David & Michael, Spring 2006, Washington Quarterly, “Engaging Autocratic Allies to Promote Democracy”, (29:2), p. 7.

The democracy-promotion toolbox has been filled

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the course of political liberalization in autocratic regimes.

Violation: the aff is diplomacy which is distinct from democracy assistance and it goes through Turkey

This is best

1.    Ground - The aff fiats out of solvency questions of democracy assistance through what is functionally conditionality, the issuance of diplomatic efforts to come to an agreement. The neg cannot possibly predict all of the vote no possibilities if the aff can engage any of the topical countries through transformative diplomacy

Turkey magnifies this – can be diplomatic through any country

2.    Extra topical – Going beyond the 4 areas makes the aff a moving target because anything can be a part of a diplomatic effort or resolution and should be rejected to protect the 2NR from requiring a 2NR to go for T and another strat in order to win. Obviously I’m not that fast so that almost never works.

3.    Best limits on the topic – avoids QPQ and diplomacy but allows all of the core of the topic affs.

The aff’s invocation of an evil other against whose threats the United States must respond activates a cultural code of exceptionalism that scapegoats and converts their secular quest for security into a prayer for redemptive violence that seeks to violently annihilate any and all threats

Robert Ivie 2007 (Professor of Communication and Culture at Indiana University, Bloomington, “Fighting Terror by Rite of Redemption and Reconciliation” Rhetoric and Public Affairs 10, No. 2 221-248)

The stubborn question of security, which always

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cultural predispositions to render any enemy essentially diabolical.

That results in mass dehumanization—the very rhetoric we use not only devalues targeted threats, but also deifies ourselves in the process.

Robert Ivie 2007 (Professor of Communication and Culture at Indiana University, Bloomington. "Dissent From War" Chapter 1)

The nagging conscience of the nation, though

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, dehumanizing us no less than our enemies.

Treating security as an a priori and allowing for dehumanization legitimizes the WMD suicide pact and billions of deaths

Der Derian 1998 [James, prof of political science at Brown, “The Value of Security: Hobbes, Marx, Nietzsche, and Baudrillard On Security,” ed. Ronnie Lipschutz, http://www.ciaonet.org/book/lipschutz/index.html]

No other concept in international relations packs the

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bomb-site for a permanently electioneering elite.

Vote negative to refuse their discourse—refusing to constitute a rhetoric of demonization and threat by voting negative defetishizes security and makes imagining a new rhetoric possible

Neocleous, prof. of critique of political economy @ Brunei University, 2008 p. 185-186

(Mark, Critique of Security)

The only way out of such a dilemma

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be brave enough to return the gift.143

Jackson Vanik will be repealed now – Russian concessions and Obama’s support will get Russia PNTR.

Economics Week 12/30  Coalition for U.S.-Russia Trade; Coalition for U.S.-Russia Trade Welcomes Russia's Invitation to Join WTO Proquest

For now, the Obama Administration has invoked

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advantage of Russia's accession in a timely fashion."

Assistance in Syria is unpopular –seen as wasteful intervention in the Middle East.

Joshua Landis 8/24/11 Director: Center for Middle East Studies and Associate Professor, University of Oklahoma Washington's battle over Syria http://globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2011/08/24/washingtons-battle-over-syria/

The realists argue that the U.S

AND

. should not be trying to decide it.

Political capital is key to pass PNTR.

Graham Allison and Robert D. Blackwill October 2011 Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs Harvard University Russia and U.S. National Interests: Why Should Americans Care? A Report of the Task Force on Russia and U.S. National Interest Graham Allison Director of Harvard Kennedy School’s Belfer Assistant Secretary of Defense in the first Clinton Administration Robert D. Blackwill is the Henry A. Kissinger senior fellow for U.S. foreign policy at the Council on Foreign Relations. Deputy national security adviser for strategic planning under President George W. Bush, presidential envoy to Iraq and was the administration’s coordinator for U.S. policies regarding Afghanistan and Iran.

Finally, given the disparities between U.

AND

a controversial topic like American policy toward Russia.

Russian accession to the WTO without repeal of Jackson-Vanik would tank US Russian relations.

ANDERS ASLUND and C. FRED BERGSTEN June 21, 2010 Foreign Policy: Let Russia Join the WTO http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=127981016

The United States still maintains the Jackson-

AND

Iran, needs Russian cooperation more than ever.

US-Russian relations are critical for global security, preventing proliferation, sustaining US leadership and averting nuclear war.

Allison and Blackwill 10-30-11 Graham Allison, Director, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs; Douglas Dillon Professor of Government; Faculty Chair, Dubai Initiative, Harvard Kennedy School, Robert D. Blackwill, International Council Member, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs "10 Reasons Why Russia Still Matters"http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/21469/10_reasons_why_russia_still_matters.html

That central point is that Russia matters a

AND

or failure, in advancing our national interests.

The impact is extinction

Bostrom 2 (Nick, Dir. Future of Humanity Institute and Prof. Philosophy – Oxford U., Journal of Evolution and Technology, “Analyzing Human Extinction Scenarios and Related Hazards”, 9, March, http://www.nickbostrom.com/existential/risks.html)

The first manmade existential risk was the inaugural

AND

that we will encounter in the 21st century.

Postmodern criticism designates the form of subjectivity that capitalism feeds upon – capitalism will commodify dissent and not allow it to truly transgress the system.

Zizek, ’92 (Institute of Social Studies at Ljubljana Researcher, New German Critique, Issue 57)

The fear of "excessive" identification is

AND

" in the passage from socialism into capitalism.

Capitalism causes extinction.

Brown ‘05 (Charles [Professor of Economics and Research Scientist at the University of Michigan] May 13th 2005 (http://archives.econ.utah.edu/archives/pen-l/2005w15/msg00062.htm)

The capitalist class owns the factories, the

AND

fact of life in the U.S.

The alternative is to vote neg to embrace a revolutionary struggle against capitalism.

A radical socialist re-imagination of politics is the only solution to the crisis of capital – Institutional political action is the road to nowhere as capitalist inertia will destroy any radical component.

Meszaros ‘95 (Prof. Emeritus @ Univ. Sussex, Istavan, “Beyond Capital: Towards a Theory of Transition” pg. 451)

Given the existing social division of labour,

AND

socialist economic aims first becomes feasible at all.

Class-conscious revolution is key – The oppression and violence of capital will sustain themselves until we identify with the universal of class and rise up as one

Avakian ‘99 (Chairman of Revolutionary Communist Party, Bob, “We Have a New Millenium—What we Need is a New World”, Revolutionary Worker #1036, Dec. 26, p. online: http://rwor.org/a/v21/1030-039/1036/millenium.htm)

BUT the BIG QUESTION is: WHAT WILL

AND

the core of this world-changing struggle.

Obama will not approve the Keystone pipeline now despite GOP pressure.

AP 1/2/12 “Obama, Congress Begin New Year Locked in Keystone Pipeline Dispute http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2012/01/02/obama-congress-begin-new-year-locked-in-keystone-pipeline-dispute/

President Obama and Congress are starting the election

AND

than rush a decision in an election year.

Democracy assistance to MENA is broadly unpopular – generates the same acrimony as the debt limit debate.

Omar Karmi 8-2, 2011 US argues over foreign aid policy along with its debt problem http://www.thenational.ae/news/worldwide/middle-east/us-argues-over-foreign-aid-policy-along-with-its-debt-problem

With the same acrimony it has debated the

AND

terrorist organisation participate in government in any way.

Obama’s capital is critical to push back against the GOP and block the Keystone pipeline.

NY Times 1-2-12 http://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/02/opinion/where-the-real-jobs-are.html

The Republicans believe they have President Obama in

AND

polluting an aquifer critical to Midwestern water supplies.

Keystone violates Native Rights.

AP 1/2/12 “Obama, Congress Begin New Year Locked in Keystone Pipeline Dispute http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2012/01/02/obama-congress-begin-new-year-locked-in-keystone-pipeline-dispute/

Opponents call the West Coast option farfetched,

AND

them to block or significantly delay both pipelines.

Checking imperialism over indigenous people is critical to reversing international colonial trends which terminate in extinction

Ward Churchill, former Professor of Ethnic Studies at CU Boulder, OREGON LAW REVIEW, “The Law Stood Squarely on Its Head: U.S. Legal Doctrine, Indigenous Self-Determination and the Question of World Order”, Fall 2002, p. lexis

Actually, the roots of the current U

AND

question is how best to go about it.

The United States Federal Government should propose to the Republic of Turkey the establishment of an ongoing high-level diplomatic commission to coordinate policy towards [COUNTRY]. The United States Federal Government should inform the Republic of Turkey of its intention to take a secondary support role. The United States Secretary of State should implement the commission’s recommendations.

This solves – Joint cooperation between Turkey and US maximizes the benefits of each other’s democracy assistance policies and promotes US strategic interests regionally.

Kemal Kirisci, Professor, Boğaziçi University, Department of Political Science and International Relations, ’10 (APSA 2010 Annual Meeting Paper, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1644657)

One striking aspect of Turkey’s transformed external relations

AND

for the elite of the Middle East.116

Net Benefit – Relations

US-Turkey collaboration over the Arab Spring ensures a strong strategic relationship – only viewing Turkey as a partner solves.

Nuh Yilmaz and Kilic Bugra Kanat  6/21/2011 (Director of SETA Foundation, Doctoral candidate in Political Science at Syracuse University. “Turkish Foreign Policy After the Elections” http://mideast.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2011/06/21/turkish_foreign_policy_after_the_elections)

In terms of relations between Turkey and the

AND

the existing relationship, even when disagreements arise.

Strategic cooperation over the Middle East spills-over to Afghanistan – solves instability.

Kılıç Buğra Kanat, Research fellow with the SETA Foundation, 12/25/11 (http://www.todayszaman.com/newsDetail_getNewsById.action?newsId=266628)

After eight years of periodic crises in Turkish

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and cooperation in the region and economic integration.

Nuclear war and turns Mid East impacts.

Morgan ‘7 (Stephen J. Morgan 06/03/2007 "Better another Taliban Afghanistan, than a Taliban NUCLEAR Pakistan!?" http://www.yoursdaily.com/different_views/better_another_taliban_afghanistan_than_a_taliban_nuclear_pakistan)

However events may prove him sorely wrong.

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with China and Russia pitted against the US.

Truth and Reconciliation isn’t true justice – the refusal involved in voting negative is the only way to challenge the distribution of the sensible and politics of confession that we critique

De Boever 11 Arne De Boever, did his doctoral studies at Columbia University in New York and teaches American Studies in the School of Critical Studies and the MA Program in Aesthetics and Politics at the California Institute of the Arts. “Feminism After Rancière: Women in J.M. Coetzee and Jeff Wall,” Transformations, Issue No. 19   2011 — Rancière: Politics, Art & Sense

One way to read Lucy’s position, as

AND

makes some profit for her- or himself.

The political order of including and excluding people is part of the larger system that designates whole populations as disposable – this underlies violence globally.

Balibar, ‘4 (Professor of Philosophy, Etienne, We, The People of Europe?, p.125-30)

In such conditions, we can incline toward

AND

of equality, the horizon of political action.

Our alternative is the subjectivization of the streets - Vote negative to continue the refusal of representation  – only anger and indignation can provide the starting point for genuine democratization

Wall 11 (Dr Illan Rua Wall is a senior lecturer of Law at the University of Oxford Brookes, “Anger and Indignation in Ireland, Greece and Tunisia,” 7/4/11 http://greekleftreview.wordpress.com/2011/07/04/anger-and-indignation-in-ireland-greece-and-tunisia/

In conclusion, anger and indignation provide the

AND

the subjectivisation of the streets that has effect.

Text: The Kingdom of Norway should provide technical assistance to the National Transition Council to implement a policy that distributes oil profit directly to the Libyan people and provide support for transparent democratic governance in Libya.

Oil revenue undermines democratic transition

CNN, 9/6/11 (Voigt, Kevin, "The 'resource curse': An Alaskan solution for Libya?" http://edition.cnn.com/2011/BUSINESS/09/05/libya.oil.resource.curse/)

Libya is a textbook example, Moss said

AND

democratic demands from the population," Torvik said.

Norway solves – they have the best leverage.

Gøril Havro and Javier Santiso 2011 Benefiting the Resource Rich: How Can International Development Policy Help Tame the Resource Curse? Gøril Havro is an Economist at Norges Bank. While working on this paper she was an Economist at the OECD Development Centre. She took part in setting up and developing the OECD Emerging Markets Network (EmNet) and worked on the OECD Development Centre’s Latin American desk. Javier Santiso is Professor of Economics at ESADE Business School and Director of ESADE Centre for Global Economy and Geopolitics (ESADEgeo). He is also Chair and Founder of the OECD Emerging Markets Network (EmNet). In 2009 he was awarded as Young Global Leader (YGL) by the World Economic Forum (Davos). Previously he was Director and Chief Economist of the OECD Development Centre and Chief Economist for Emerging Markets at BBVA where he coordinated a team of 50 economists spread in 9 different countries. January 2011 Institute of Development Studies http://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/bitstream/handle/123456789/893/Wp355.pdf?sequence=1

Norway, as seen above, has a

AND

payments and attracting foreign investment into the sector. 

Text: The United States federal government should increase its rule of law assistance to the muhafazah of  'Adan, 'Amran, 'Amran Abyan, Ad Dali, Al Bayda', Al Hudaydah, Al Jawf, Al Mahrah, Al Mahwit Amanat Al Asimah, Dhamar, Hadramaut, Hajjah, Ibb, Lahij, Ma'rib, Raymah Sa'dah, Shabwah, and Ta'izz.

Local and provincal diplomacy key to stability

Boone, former editor, Yemen times, 10/18/11 (Jeb, freelance journalist, "US must engage Yemen's real power-brokers," http://www.csmonitor.com/Commentary/Opinion/2011/1018/US-must-engage-Yemen-s-real-power-brokers," http://www.csmonitor.com/Commentary/Opinion/2011/1018/US-must-engage-Yemen-s-real-power-brokers)

As has become self-evident in Afghanistan

AND

as hard as it’s made out to be.