A. Our interpretation is that “democracy assistance” is just assistance to political parties, elections and institution building –
Committee on Foreign Affairs 10 (Discussion Paper #3: Human Rights and Democracy, 5-28-10) http://www.hcfa.house.gov/111/dis04.pdf

 “Democracy assistance” tends … with government and policy discussions. 

b. democracy assistance is exclusively positive measures and incentives to promote democracy
 Santiso 1 (Carlos, Political economist at the Paul H Nitze School of Advanced International Studies of Johns Hopkins University “International Co-Operation for Democracy and Good Governance: Moving Toward a Second Generation?” European Journal of Development Research, Vol 13. No 1. (June 2001) p. 154-180)

Aid donors use three general … which lack resources or expertise.

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Critique must engage the state.  Failure to do so guarantees that the alternative will fail, no coalitions will be formed, and politics will be ceded to authoritarian Right-wing groups.  Only engaging the institutions of the state can transform them
 Mouffe 2009 (Chantal Mouffe is Professor of Political Theory at the Centre for the Study of Democracy, University of Westminster, “The Importance of Engaging the State”, What is Radical Politics Today?, Edited by Jonathan Pugh, pp. 233-7)

           In both Hardt and Negri, and …, is how we should conceive the nature of radical politics.

The shallow K of democracy assistance as imperialism is leading to authoritarianism.  We need to advocate democracy assistance to prevent the harms of Bush era democracy promotion.
 Youngs 11 (Richard Youngs is the Director of FRIDE and Associate Professor at the University of Warwick, “Misunderstanding the maladies of liberal democracy promotion”, FRIDE Working Paper #106, January)

Current international political trends are … day-to-day agenda of democracy support.

Critical Theory destroys your ability to engage in productive debates and political solutions.  It is wishful thinking that produces only “me-search” and not “research”.
 Chandler 2009 (David Chandler is Professor of International Relations at the University of Westminster, “Questioning Global Political Activism”, What is Radical Politics Today?, Edited by Jonathan Pugh,  pp. 81-2)

Today more and more people are ‘doing … of political or intellectual debate and organisation.

Policy debate is good for education, the development of empathy, and producing real world engagement from participants.  Clear rules, a stable topic, and institutional role playing and simulation are integral to the process.  The things you criticize about debate make it a unique exercise in active learning.
Lantis 8 (Jeffrey S. Lantis is Professor in the Department of Political Science and Chair of the

International Relations Program at The College of Wooster, “The State of the Active Teaching and Learning Literature”, http://www.isacompss.com/info/samples/thestateoftheactiveteachingandlearningliterature_sample.pdf)

Simulations, games, and role-play represent a … and acquisition and retention of  knowledge.

Merely being reactive to US policy lets the war-mongers set the agenda—our strategy must directly fight the state and capitalism, not merely get the government to change its policy.
 Herod 2001 (James, “A Stake, Not a Mistake: On Not Seeing the Enemy”, October, http://www.jamesherod.info/index.php?sec=paper&id=9&print=y&PHPSESSID=4387a9147ad42723ea101944dd538914)

      The 'peace now' protesters strike a similar …survive as an imperial power that is.

The affirmative’s focus on immaterial relations rather than class conflict continues capitalism’s hegemony.  This prevents a revolutionary mode of consciousness.
 Mas’ud Zavarzadeh, Dept English @ Syracuse, 1994, “The Stupidity that Consumption is Just as Productive as Production,” The Alternative Orange, V 4, Fall/Winter, http://www.etext.org/Politics/AlternativeOrange/4/v4nl_cpp.html

The task of this text [1] is to lay …violence is made more tolerable, justifiable and naturalized.

We have an a priori ethical responsibility to resist it.
 Zizek and Daly, 4 (Slavoj and Glyn, Conversations with Zizek page 14-16)

For Zizek it is imperative that we … ‘glitch’ in an otherwise sound matrix.

EU is best suited to solve Egyptian transition to democracy -

Álvaro de Vasconcelos has been Director of the EU Institute for Security Studies since May 2007, “The Arab democratic wave: How the EU can seize the moment”, European Union Institute for Security Studies, March 2011

How ca n the EU supp ort transi tion to democrac y in Egypt?.its traditional policy of supporting the status quo.

US-Israeli security relationship is stable – no real difference on core issues and Obama wont pressure Netanyahu because he needs Jewish voters
Al-Jazeera 11 (TV, Al-Jazeera highlights reactions to Obama's speech, termed "disappointing", s. BBC Monitoring Middle East. London: May 21, 2011)

At 1620 GMT, the channel carried a three-minute live interview with Wajd Waqfi, its channel in Washington. Asked on the expected outcome of the meeting . than Bush supported them in the past, if I may use the term here."

Israeli fears of democratization and instability will guide their decision-making – US democracy assistance will upset the current US-Israeli security paradigm
 Byman 11 (Daniel, is a Professor in the Security Studies Program at Georgetown University and the Research Director of the Saban Center for Middle East Policy at Brookings “Israel’s Pessimistic View Of The Arab Spring”, The Washington Quarterly, Summer 2011)

Americans took heart as they watched Egyptian . . peaceful and that democratization succeeds.

Breaking Israeli confidence in US security support eliminates the key constraint on Israeli decision making forcing a new war with Lebanon
 White 10 (Jeffrey, is a defense fellow at The Washington Institute, specializing in the military and security affairs of the Levant, Iraq, and Iran. A thirty-four-year veteran of the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA). “If War Comes: Israel vs. Hizballah and Its Allies”, Washington Institute, Policy Focus #106 | September 2010)

The broad political context for the .. of affairs is under continuous strain.

Israeli-Lebanon war would destablize the Middle East
 Jeffrey White, is a defense fellow at The Washington Institute, specializing in the military and security affairs of the Levant, Iraq, and Iran. A thirty-four-year veteran of the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA). “If War Comes: Israel vs. Hizballah and Its Allies”, Washington Institute, Policy Focus #106 | September 2010

Uncertainties aside, the broad outlines discussed ..to demonstrably achieve its core objectives.

Middle East war causes WWIII
Reuters 7 (quoting Khalilzad -- "Middle East turmoil could cause world war: U.S. envoy."

8/27. http://www.reuters.com/article/politicsNews/idUSL2719552620070827)

Upheaval in the Middle East  and Islamic . he was quoted as saying.

New democracy assistance funding will trade off with climate assistance—caps mean there will be no new spending
 Lefton 9/13(Rebecca, Researcher for Progressive Media at American Progress, 2011, "The Debt Deal and Budget Process Threaten Critical Climate Aid Funding", http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2011/09/climate_aid.html)jn

The debt ceiling legislation also …homeland security and defense.

International climate assistance is critical to stabilize carbon emissions
 Lefton and Light 2011(Rebecca, Policy Analyst at the Center for American Progress, and Andrew, Senior Fellow and Coordinator of International Climate Policy at the Center for American Progress, April 7, "The Fight Over International Climate Investments", http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2011/04/intl_climate_investments.html)jn

At this stage in the international … chance of holding emissions at two degrees.

Global warming leads to extinction
 David Stein, Science editor for The Guardian, 7-14-2008, “Global Warming Xtra: Scientists warn about Antarctic melting,” http://www.agoracosmopolitan.com/home/Frontpage/2008/07/14/02463.html

Global Warming continues to be … to man in the world we share.

(% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt;" %)**South Korea Free Trade Agreement will pass now – momentum because of the GSP expansion Abrams 9-7-11** (Jim, “House Votes Could Move Stalled Trade Agenda” Forbes Online) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt;" %)WASHINGTON - A House vote Wednesday to extend AND but still need to be approved by Congress. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt;" %)**Changes to Middle East policy sap Obama’s capital Khouri 10** (Rami G., Editor of the Daily Star, “The Primacy of Domestic Politics”) , 4/28/11) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt;" %)EW YORK - At the end of an extended stay of two months AND political cost-benefit analyses. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt;" %)**And, political capital is key to the agenda – especially in election season Terigopula 11** (Rajiv. Writer for the Harvard Political Review. “President Obama’s Political Capital,” , 7-6) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt;" %)Much hullabaloo has been made AND determine the outcome of the 2012 presidential race. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt;" %)Failure to pass SKFTA collapses the alliance YonHap News Agency 8-30-11 (Severe Damage to Alliance Expected if FTA Fails. A collapse in the United States … in East Asia," it added. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt;" %)Alliance solves warming – key to pushing climate initiatives Campbell, John F. Kennedy School of Government public policy and international relations professor 09 (Kurt M., associate prof of public policy and IR @ John F. Kennedy School of Gov, now Assistant Secretary of State for E. Asian and Pacific Affairs, February, "Going Global: The Future of the U.S.-South Korea Alliance," February, www.cnas.org/files/documents/publications/CampbellPatel_Going%20Global_February09_0.pdf) Another potentially fruitful avenue …. and health cost on other countries in the region. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt;" %)Extinction Tickell 8 (Oliver. The Guardian.

(% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt;" %)Emboldened Arab Spring sparks reignites revolution in Iran (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt;" %)Tisdal 11 (Simon. Correspondent. The Guardian. Iran has been isolated by the Arab spring May17. ) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt;" %)Nerves are fraying in Tehran …a US-Israeli "plot" to topple Assad. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt;" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt;" %)That leads to civil war (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt;" %)CNN World 2-18-11 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt;" %)An Iranian supporter of the country's opposition …the system and will refuse to support them. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt;" %)Fragmented Iran causes a Yugoslavia like breakup of Iran that spills over to the rest of the region (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt;" %)Bradley 7 (Joh, a Cairo-based columnist on Middle East issues for The Straits Times and au­thor of Saudi Arabia Exposed: Inside a Kingdom in Crisis, Winter. The Washington Quarterly “Iran’s Ethnic Tinderbox”) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt;" %)Western policymakers have historically paid …even decades, of bloody crises.”35 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt;" %)That goes nuclear either intentionally or by miscalculation (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt;" %)Russell 9 (James. senior lecturer in the Department of National Security Affairs at NPS. Strategic Stability Reconsidered: Prospects for Escalation and Nuclear War in the Middle East. Proliferation Papers.) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt;" %)Strategic stability in the region …risk for the entire world.

(% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt;" %)Iranian hegemony on the downswing and they are losing influence throughout the region (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt;" %)Lynch 11 (Marc. Senior Fellow at the Center for a New American Security, an Associate Professor of Political Science and Director of the Middle East Studies Program at George Washington University, and an editor for the Middle East Channel for ForeignPolicy.com. Upheaval, U.S. Policy Toward Iran in a Changing Middle East. Center for a New American Security. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt;" %) (% class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt;" %)Equally informed observers disagree, noting …Iran or its broader foreign policy agenda. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt;" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt;" %)US democracy assistance creates opportunity for Iran to reignite expansion throughout the Middle East (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt;" %)White 11 (Gregory. Correspondent. Business Insider. March 16. What's Really Happening In Bahrain And Why It Matters. http:~/~/www.businessinsider.com/whats-happening-in-bahrain) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt;" %)It appears Saudi Arabia and Bahrain …opening for Iran in the region. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt;" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt;" %)Expanded Iranian hegemony destabilizes the region, give Iran control over the ME oil supply and spur conventional, nuclear, chemical, and biological arms race across the region (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt;" %)Khaitous 9 (Tariq. Postdoctoral fellow at the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies. Policy Focus 94. June 2009. Arab Reactions to a Nuclear-Armed Iran Tariq Khaitous. ) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 9pt;" %)It is worth spelling out_(% style="font-size: 12pt;" %) why …serve their interests well if they got more involved. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt;" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt;" %)Nuclear war (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt;" %)ANI 2-3-11 (http:~/~/news.oneindia.in/2011/02/03/usbelieves-atomic-arms-race-in-middle-east-asia-canlead-aid0121.html) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt;" %)The United States believes that …to produce chemical weapons from India.

(% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt;" %)** EU solves better than US – stronger economic cooperation gives EU the most leverage **Wolfgang **Zank**, Associate Professor in the European Studies Programme at the University of Aalborg, Denmark “Cooperation or Silent Rivalry? The EU and the USA in the Mediterranean – The Case of Egypt”, Perspectives on Federalism, Vol. 2, issue 3,** 2010** (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt;" %)When comparing US and EU relations with Egypt…EU’s neighbourhood view the Union as an anchor for democracy.

(% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt;" %)**The United States federal government should create an independent agency to develop and implement a comprehensive communication strategy as per our Shanks evidence.** (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt;" %)**solves the root cause of lost US credibility in the middle east Shanks 6** (Wayne, Lt Colonel United States Army, “Strategy to increase US credibility”, March 15th, [[(% style="font-size: 12pt; color: blue" %)http:~~/~~/www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf&AD=ADA449854%29>>http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf&AD=ADA449854%29]] (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 12pt;" %)Information, as an element of national power, AND understanding of those policies and actions. (% class="MsoNormal" %)

A. Obama will continue to push GOP members on individual components of the jobs bill that have enough bipart support to pass

Good 10-13-11 (Chris. associate editor at The Atlantic. A Million Little Pieces: Obama's Jobs Bill Is on Hold in the Senate. )

President Obama's jobs bill failed in …significant concessions from his own party.

B. The plan will be a huge fight -- Congress has shut the door on funding for Arab Spring – even reprogrammed funding is facing stiff resistance

Richter 4-12-11 (Correspondent, LA Times. Debt worries stymieing U.S. financial aid to help Arab nations in transition 

Reporting from Washington — The Obama administration's efforts …has been blocked at almost every

And, political capital is key to the agenda – especially in election season

Terigopula 11 (Rajiv. Writer for the Harvard Political Review.  “President Obama’s Political Capital,” , 7-6)

Much  has been made …outcome of the 2012 presidential race

C. Key components of the jobs bill are key to economic recovery

Boushey 9-13-11 (Heather. CAP Senior Economist Heather Boushey. Testimony Before the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. )

The American Jobs Act will …jobs bill to restart the economy.

Double dip would lead to extended stagnation and a depression
 Isidore 8-10-11 (Chris, writer at CNNMoney, “Recession 2.0 would hurt worse,” 2011,

The risk of double dip …likely feel like a depression."

Impact is nuclear war

Broward 9 ((Member of Triond)

Now its time to look at …issue facing us in the 21st century.

Obama wins a tight race in 2012

Weeks and Elving 10-7-11 (Journalists. NPR. One Term, Or Two? Obama Faces Season Of Doubt

http://www.npr.org/2011/10/07/141078659/one-term-or-two-obama-faces-season-of-doubt)

Not so fast. "Presidential approval …Doubt will be consigned to the history books.

Middle east policy will swing the pro Israel vote in 2012 – that’s key to Obama’s relection 

Senor 9-14-11 (Dan. Wall Street Journal. Why Obama Is Losing the Jewish Vote

He doesn't have a 'messaging' problem. He has a record of bad policies and anti-Israel rhetoric. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424053111904353504576568710341742174.html?mod=WSJ_Opinion_LEADTop

New York's special congressional …community will return to the fold in 2012.

GOP victory ensures repeal of Obamacare

Kuhn 11 (Daniel.Chief Political Correspondent for RealClearPolitics and the author of The Neglected Voter. He covered the 2008 campaign for Politico and the 2004 campaign for CBSnews.com. Kuhn got his start in national politics as the domestic news intern for Time magazine during the 2000 campaign;    ; “Health Care Law Could Fall, and With It Obama's Legacy”; http://www.realclearpolitics.com/printpage/?url=http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2011/06/17/health_care_reform_repeal_could_fall_obama_legacy_democrats_2012_court_senate_reconciliation-full.html;

It was the first minutes of Monday's Republican …And simply said, "We are done." We'll see.

Obamacare is key to bioterrorist readiness and checks a smallpox outbreak

Sklar 02 (Holly, Coauthor of “Raise the Floor”, Knight Ridder/Tribune News Service, “Rolling the Dice on Our Nations’ Health”, December 19, http://www.commondreams.org/views02/1219-07.htm)

Imagine if the first people infected in …our readiness for any bioterror attack.

Extinction

Ochs 02 former president of the Aberdeen Proving Ground Superfund Citizens Coalition, member of the Depleted Uranium Task force of the Military Toxics Project, member of the Chemical Weapons Working Group

 “Biological Weapons Must Be Abolished Immediately,” http://www.freefromterror.net/other_articles/abolish.html)

Of all the weapons of mass destruction…of US bioweapons? How slippery is this slope?