Egypt – 1AC

The United States Federal Government should substantially increase its assistance in legal education and civil society building for the Arab Republic of Egypt.

Contention 1 is Credibility

Obama’s ambiguity over Egyptian assistance guts US credibility – a consistent and credible push for judicial training restores our perception abroad
Guirguis 9 (Dina, Fellow for Near East Policy – Washington Institute and Executive Director – Voices for a Democratic Egypt, “Promoting Democracy in Egypt,” Eurasia Critic, July, http://www.eurasiacritic.com/articles/promoting-democracy-egypt)

In the aftermath of President Obama's historic speech
AND
and enduring ramifications for the entire Middle East.

US credibility is already taking a hit – Obama needs to fulfill the goals laid out in his Cairo speech to reverse this perception
Zeitvogel 7-13 (Karin, Correspondent  Agence France-Presse, “Arab world's ratings of Obama, US plummet: poll,” 7-13, Online)

Two years after US President Barack Obama called
AND
came from Egypt  a mere five percent.

The plan immediately reverses negative perceptions of Obama – it gives him a major foreign policy win that restores his credibility
Lane 11 (Charles, Economic Policy Specialist and Editorial Writer – Washington Post, “Obama's Egypt opportunity,” Washington Post, 2-13, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/02/11/AR2011021106636.html)

From its beginning, the crisis in Egypt
AND
in Egypt over the rest of his term.

Egypt is a testing ground for Obama’s credibility – a strong push for democracy is critical
Hamid 10 (Shadi, Deputy Director and Middle East Policy Fellow – Brookings Center, “The Cairo Conundrum,” Democracy Journal, Issue 15, Winter, http://www.democracyjournal.org/pdf/15/Hamid.pdf)

In his June 4, 2009 speech at
AND
least to consider the prospect of meeting them.

Outweighs all alt causes
Young, 8/25/2011 (Michael – opinion page editor for the Daily Star and author of The Ghosts of Martyrs Square, Arab Spring gives US a new chance in the Middle East, The National, p. http://www.thenational.ae/thenationalconversation/comment/arab-spring-gives-us-a-new-chance-in-the-middle-east?pageCount=0)

Barack Obama has not faced the continuing revolutions
AND
interaction with an Arab world in thrilling flux.

Two impacts –

First, Obama’s credibility  presidential consistency is key to reverse the perception of indecisiveness and combat global aggression
Bolton 9 (John R., Senior Fellow – American Enterprise Institute and Former U.S. Ambassador – United Nations, “The Danger of Obama’s Dithering”, Los Angeles Times, 10-18,
http://articles.latimes.com/2009/oct/18/opinion/oe-bolton18)

Weakness in American foreign policy in one region
AND
adversity, engagement simply embodies weakness and indecision.

Obama’s weakness causes global instability – Iran, North Korea, Pakistan and India, Russia, China all lash out
Hanson 9 (Victor Davis, Senior Fellow in Classics and Military History – Hoover Institution, “Change, Weakness, Disaster, Obama: Answers from Victor Davis Hanson,” Pajamas Media, 12-7, http://pajamasmedia.com/blog/change-weakness-disaster-obama-answers-from-victor-davis-hanson/)

BC: Are we currently sending a message
AND
quite knows whom it will bite or when.

[iran aggression instead of prolif?] 

Indo/Pak conflict can quickly erupt - the ensuing nuclear conflict ensures nuclear winter
Robock 10 (Alan, Professor of Climatology – Rutgers University and Associate Director – Center for Environmental Prediction “Local War, Global Suffering,” Scientific American, January, http://climate.envsci.rutgers.edu/pdf/RobockToonSciAmJan2010.pdf)

Abolition: The Only Policy
People have several incorrect impressions about nuclear winter
AND
of conflict have the potential to erupt suddenly.

China/India conflict escalates into global great power conflict
Darling 10 (Daniel, International Military Markets Analyst – Forecast International Inc., “Will the Indian Ocean Become the Next Arena of Great Power Conflict?”, The Faster Times, 5-4, http://thefastertimes.com/defensespen ding/2010/03/24/will-the-indian-ocean-become-the-next-arena-of-great-power-conflict/)

As the global balance of power continues to
AND
as good a place to start as any.

Second, US Credibility – loss of credibility permanently crushes overall soft power – unconditional assistance is key
Byron 11 (“Soft Power in the Middle East: Reforming American Foreign Policy,” Press Storm, 3-11, http://www.presstorm.com/2011/03/soft-power-in-the-middle-east-reforming-american-foreign-policy/)

The lack of a consistently supportive stance on
AND
the power of citizen diplomacy and international friendship.

Soft power builds effective coalitions that solves terrorism, disease, environment, and WMD war
Reiss 8 (Mitchell B., Vice Provost of International Affairs – College of William & Mary, “Restoring America's Image: What the Next President Can Do”, Survival, October, 50(5))

But first, there is another question to
AND
or do more to enhance peace and security.

Also, soft power is key to US hegemony
Sen 5 (Sankar, Former Director – Indian National Police Academy, The Statesman, 4-5, Lexis)

Indeed anti-American sentiment is sweeping the
AND
and may gradually affect American pre-eminence.

Collapse of leadership causes global nuclear war
Kagan 11 (Robert, Senior Associate – Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, “The Price of Power”, The Weekly Standard, 1-24, http://www.weeklystandard.com/articles/price-power_533695.html?nopager=1)

Today the international situation is also one of
AND
table and the table will not fall over. 

Contention 2 is Independent Judiciary, or IJ

Egypt’s judiciary is incomplete – legal practices damages its independence
El Chazli 10 (Foutouh, Lecturer in Law – University of Alexandria, “Egypt: The Independence of the Judiciary,” Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Network, June, Online)

It is true that things are better for
AND
state security courts, are not being respected.

Providing legal education to Egyptian NGOs creates a bottom-up approach that promotes accountability within the system – top-down approaches are doomed to failure
Mednicoff 5 (David M., Assistant Professor in the Department of Legal Studies and the Center for Public Policy and Administration – University of Massachusetts–Amherst “Legalism Sans Frontières? U.S. Rule-of-Law Aid in the Arab World,” Carnegie Papers, 61, September, http://carnegieendowment.org/files/CP61.Mednicoff.FINAL.pdf)

Nonetheless, Arab lawyers and U.S
AND
be central to  informing and shaping Washington’s efforts.

NGOs promote effective judicial training – they are separate from military control
Aftandilian 9 (Gregory L., Former Middle East Analyst – US State Department, Former Research Fellow – Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, and International Affairs Fellow – Council on Foreign Relations, “Looking Forward: An Integrated Strategy for Supporting Democracy and Human Rights in Egypt,” Project on Middle East Democracy, May, http://pomed.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/looking-forward.pdf)

Despite the restricted political atmosphere, many independent
AND
, will help build democracy over the longterm.

Legal assistance generates on-the-ground expertise that boosts the cultural reception of the plan and makes future reform successful – US expertise is key
Mednicoff 5 (David M., Assistant Professor in the Department of Legal Studies and the Center for Public Policy and Administration – University of Massachusetts–Amherst “Legalism Sans Frontières? U.S. Rule-of-Law Aid in the Arab World,” Carnegie Papers, 61, September, http://carnegieendowment.org/files/CP61.Mednicoff.FINAL.pdf)

REFORMING WHAT THE REFORMERS DO
One response to the formidable challenges to U
AND
over a sustained period of time if possible.

IJ is critical to democracy – it ensures free elections, social order, and respect of rights
Palmer 6 (Dr. Tom, Senior Fellow – Cato Institute and a Doctorate in Political Science – Oxford University, “The Egyptian Judiciary Blazing the Path to Democracy and Economic Development,” Cato Institute, 5-31, http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=6411)

The world is watching Egypt. It holds
AND
promises of an autocrat are never completely credible."

Egyptian instability is high – democracy creates stability that challenges theocracy
Brown 9-12 (Stephen, Contributing Editor, “Goodbye Egypt, Hello Iran,” Front Page Magazine, 2011, http://frontpagemag.com/2011/09/12/goodbye-egypt-hello-iran/) 

While the elections meant to turn Egypt into
AND
opening burqa-renting businesses on resort beaches.

Egyptian instability causes conflict in the Mediterranean, Africa, and Middle East - collapsing the Suez Canal
Copley 11 (Gregory O., Editor – Global Information System and Defense & Foreign Affairs Strategic Policy, “Strategic Ramifications of the Egyptian Crisis”, World Tribune, 2-1, http://www.worldtribune.com/worldtribune/ WTARC/2011/me_egypt0088_02_01.asp)

In the preface to the Defense & Foreign
AND
the re-emergence of a charismatic leader.

Middle East war causes global nuclear war
Primakov 9 (Yevgeny, President of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry – Russian Federation, Member – Russian Academy of Science, “The Middle East Problem in the Context of International Relations”, Russia in Global Affairs, 3, July/September, http://eng.globalaffairs.ru/number/n_13593)

The Middle East conflict is unparalleled in terms
AND
does not completely rule out such a possibility.

Egypt gets modeled – promotes global democracy
Salem 11 (Mohamed Anis, Director – Development Works and Coordinator – UN Working Group in the Egyptian Council for Foreign Affairs, “Return of the Egyptian model?”, 3/10, http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2011/1038/op201.htm)

Taken together, there was not much left
AND
more integration. Meanwhile, expert predictions abound. 

Economic and military aid will be increased – Obama is pushing – triggers the link
Sharp 11 (Jeremy – Specialist in ME Affairs – Congressional Research Service, “Egypt in Transition”, 8/23, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RL33003.pdf)

This report provides a brief overview of the
AND
United States Government unless authorized for such purposes.”

Democratic Aid to Egypt Now- assumes allocated budget for the rest of the year.
Project on Middle East Democracy, 4-12-11 (“New FY2011 Budget Bill Released” http://pomed.org/blog/2011/04/new-fy2011-budget-bill-released.html/)

On Tuesday,  Congress released
AND
transitions in the Middle East and North Africa. 

1AC

The United States Federal Government should provide technical support in the areas of rule of law, political dialogue, constitution-making and the electoral process for Libya through the United Nations Support Mission in Libya.

Advantage One – Stability

The conditions are right for a stable transition. Libya is rich, diverse, and accessible.

Dobbins and Wehrey, 8/23/2011 (James – director of the International Security and Defense Policy Center at RAND, and Frederic – senior policy analyst at RAND, Libyan nation building after Qaddafi, Foreign Affairs, p. http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/68227/james-dobbins-and-frederic-wehrey/libyan-nation-building-after-qaddafi?page=show)

Nation building is resource-intensive, and

AND

the complex and demanding tasks of peace building.

Libya needs technical assistance to transition to democracy. That prevents a collapse.

Democracy Digest, 9/13/2011 (Libya’s maneuver ahead of ‘complex’ transition, p. http://www.demdigest.net/blog/2011/09/libya%E2%80%99s-factions-maneuver-ahead-of-complex-transition/)

“Transition is complex, open-ended

AND

will turn bad very soon and very quickly.”

Libyan collapse destabilizes the region and undermines stability in Iraq.

Pack, 3/18/2011 (Jason – researcher of Libya at Oxford University’s St. Antony’s College, Libya is too big to fail, Foreign Policy, p. http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/03/18/libya_is_too_big_to_fail?page=full)

Today we face a familiar dilemma. Libya

AND

simply too big to be allowed to fail.

Iraq instability escalates to world war three.

Corsi 7 (Jerome, "War with Iran is imminent," Phd in Poly Sci @ Harvard, author, + staff reporter @ World Net Daily, 1-8, http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=53669)

If a broader war breaks out in Iraq

AND

much as World Wars I and II began.

African conflicts escalate to great power wars.

Glick, 12/12/2007 (Caroline – senior Middle East fellow at the Center for Security Policy, Condi’s African holiday, p. http://www.centerforsecuritypolicy.org/home.aspx?sid=56&categoryid=56&subcategoryid=90&newsid=11568)

The Horn of Africa is a dangerous and

AND

which flows through all countries of the region.

That goes nuclear.

Deutsch 2001 (Dr. Jeffery – founder at Rabid Tiger Project, Rabid Tiger Newsletter, Vol. 2, No. 7, 11-18, p. http://www.rabidtigers.com/rtn/newsletterv2n9.html)

The Rabid Tiger Project believes that a nuclear

AND

, and some people love to go fishing.

U.S. democracy assistance is critical to prevent transitional violence. Only the United States has the expertise establish the foundations of stability.

Margon, 8/22/2011 (Sarah - associate director for Sustainable Security at American Progress, Libya Will Still Need Help After Qaddafi’s Departure, Center for American Progress, p. http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2011/08/libya_next_stage.html)

Ensuring political unity in the TNC is crucial

AND

strong commitment to doing so on all fronts.

U.S. expertise and political knowledge is critical to prevent democratic backsliding.

Vandewalle, 4/6/2011 (Dirk – teaches in the department of government at Dartmouth, The Reconstruction of Libya – Local and International Constraints and Opportunities, Testimony before the Senate Foreign Affairs Committee, p. http://foreign.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Vandewalle%20Testimony.pdf)

As the United States continues to find its

AND

the foundations of a future, democratic Libya.

Advantage Two – Multilateralism

Advantage Two – Multilateralism

Sustained UN engagement on Libya is key to U.S. leadership and overall multilateralism. The alternative is counterbalancing.

Brimmer, 9/15/2011 (Esther - assistant secretary of the Bureau of International Organization Affairs, A Misguided Assault, p. http://www.humanrights.gov/2011/09/15/a-misguided-assault-why-the-united-nations-matters/)

Glancing at the agenda of the upcoming General

AND

those who would not act in our interests.

Solves proliferation and terrorism.

Wirth, 3/22/2011 (Timothy – former senator from Colorado, served as the Undersecretary for Global Affairs in the Clinton Administration, president of the United Nations Foundation, The US-UN partnership: greater engagement will bring a greater institution, Harvard International Review, p. EBSCO Host)

The greatest challenges to US national security today

AND

nuclear program and prospered from its illicit activities.

Terrorists have the means.

Bunn, November 2008 (Matthew – associate professor of public policy at the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at the John F. Kennedy School of Government, Securing the Bomb 2008, p. v)

Terrorists are still seeking nuclear weapons— and

AND

do to ensure that they are effectively secured.

And they can deliver.

Allison and Kokoshin, Fall 2002 (Graham – professor of government and former director of the Belfer Center at Harvard University, and Andrei – member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, The New Containment, The National Interest, p. lexis)

As Robert Walpole, a National Intelligence Officer

AND

be able to smuggle in a nuclear bomb."

Terrorism causes retaliation that sparks global nuclear war and extinction.

Ayson 2010 (Robert, Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand –  Victoria University of Wellington, “After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects”, Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 33(7), July)

A terrorist nuclear attack, and even the

AND

might not help the chances of nuclear restraint.

Prolif escalates to global nuclear war.

Utgoff, Summer 2002 (Victor – deputy director for strategy, forces and resources division at the Institute for Defense Analysis, Survival, p. OUP Journals)

Widespread proliferation is likely to lead to an

AND

bodies of dead cities or even whole nations.

Global human rights prevents extinction.

Copelon 1998/1999 (Rhonda - professor of law and director of the International Women’s Human Rights Law Clinic, 3 N.Y. City L. Rev. 59, p. lexis)

The indivisible human rights framework survived the Cold

AND

to bear on both domestic and foreign policy.

Climate leadership is critical to solve warming – prevents extinction.

Moon 10/25/2009 (Ban Ki – secretary general of the United Nations, We Can Do It, New York Times, p. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/26/opinion/26iht-edban.html)

Every day, the critical December summit in

AND

are implanting programs to curb emissions as well. 

Only multilateral cooperation prevents great power wars that make extinction inevitable.

Dyer, 12/30/2004 (Gwynne – former senior lecturer in war studies at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurt, The End of War, The Toronto Star, p. lexis)

The "firebreak" against nuclear weapons use

AND

then history will repeat itself and everybody loses.

The US needs to take action in Libya through the UN – key to avoid backlash and diminished US credibility

Bauer, 11 (William, “America Must Be A Back Seat Driver”, Polymic, August, http://www.policymic.com/article/show?id=1470&op=no)

So, what is next for Libya?

AND

the U.S. has to offer.

Libya is the test case for the future of Obama’s multilateral approach.

Rothkopf, 3/18/2011 (David - visiting scholar at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Why the U.N. vote on Libya means almost as much for Obama as for Qaddafi, Foreign Policy, p. http://rothkopf.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2011/03/18/why_the_un_vote_on_libya_means_almost_as_much_for_obama_as_for_qaddafi)

This is not because Libya is such a

AND

to be able to take credit for leading.

Advantage Three – Burden Sharing

A grand strategy of burden sharing is critical to prevent counterbalancing and getting sustained cooperation on global issues.

Ikenberry, January-February 2010 (G. John – Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University and Global Eminence scholar at Kyung Hee University, The Right Grand Strategy, The American Interest, p. http://www.the-american-interest.com/article.cfm?piece=760)

President Obama inherited the most daunting and intractable

AND

is beginning the process of gaining it back.

A shift to burden sharing is critical to maintain effective leadership.

Beauchamp, 8/22/2011 (Zack - former research associate at the Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics at the University of Oxford, Daily Dish apprentice at Newsweek and the Daily Beast, Libya, "Leading From Behind," And Global Policemen, The Daily Beast, p. http://andrewsullivan.thedailybeast.com/2011/08/libya-leading-from-behind-and-global-policemen.html)

Police forces aren't made up of one member

AND

have to conduct every patrol on their own.

US leadership prevents great powers wars.

Khalilzad, 2/8/2011 (Zalmay – former United States ambassador to Afghanistan, Iraq and the United Nations, The Economy and National Security, National Review, p. http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/259024/economy-and-national-security-zalmay-khalilzad?page=3%29)

We face this domestic challenge while other major

AND

most significant barrier facing Chinese hegemony and aggression. 

Nuclear war.

Khalilzad 1995 (Zalmay – sixteen years younger than the above card, Losing The Moment? Washington Quarterly, Vol 18, No 2, p. 84)

Under the third option, the United States

AND

bipolar or a multipolar balance of power system.

The plan locks-in the strategy of burden sharing and multilateralism.

Brady, August 2011 (Kyle - author of Modern America: The End of Political Discourse, Libya shows multilateralism is new U.S. strategy, Policymic, p. http://www.policymic.com/articles/libya-shows-multilateralism-is-new-u-s-strategy)

The involvement of the United States in the

AND

to be tested, refined and fully institutionalized.

Aid Now

Military aid now.

USA Today, 9/20/2011 (Obama pledges U.S. help for Libya, USA Today, p. http://tucsoncitizen.com/usa-today-news/2011/09/20/obama-pledges-u-s-help-for-libya/)

President Obama said today that the United States

AND

continue to provide security assistance, Obama said.

Unfrozen assets.

New York Times, 9/1/2011 (Libya’s supporters gather in Paris to help ease new government’s transition, p. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/02/world/europe/02paris.html?pagewanted=all)

The Libyans have been pressing for the release

AND

from $50 billion to $150 billion.

-- We meet – plan eventually could make in to the government

-- Counter-interpretation –

“For” means recipient

MW 11 (Merriam-Webster, http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/for)

Definition of FOR

a —used as a function word to indicate purpose <a grant for studying medicine>

b —used as a function word to indicate an intended goal <left for home> <acted for the best>

c —used as a function word to

AND

life> <an eye for a bargain>

It also means you just have to give aid IN Libya

MW 11 (Merriam-Webster, http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/for)

used as a function word to indicate duration

AND

extent of space <gone for two days>

“For” means within

Black 10 (Henry Campbell Black, M.A., “A Law Dictionary,” Second Edition, St. Paul Minn. West Publishing Co. 1910, http://blackslawdictionaryonline.com/blacks-law-dictionary-read-online/)

For: Belonging to, exercising authority or

AND

notary public in and for the said country.”

Belonging to or associated with

Oxford Dictionary 10 (“Of”, http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/its?view=uk)

Pronunciation:/ɪts/

possessive determiner

belonging to or associated with a thing previously

AND

its side he chose the area for its atmosphere 

----Our role of the ballot is that the evaluation of government policies must focus on consequences.

Harries, Spring 1993/1994 (Owen – editor and founder of the National Interest, senior fellow at the Centre for Independent Studies, Power and Civilization, The National Interest, p. lexis)

Performance is the test. Asked directly by

AND

promoting them will always have to be considered.

-- Evaluate consequences

Harries 94 (Owen, Editor and Founder – National Interest and Senior Fellow – Centre for Independent Studies, “Power and Civilization”, The National Interest, Spring, Lexis)

Performance is the test. Asked directly by

AND

promoting them will always have to be considered.

-- Case outweighs and turns their impact

Rothbard 73 (Murray, Dean of Austrian School, Head of Mises Institute, For A New Liberty: The Libertarian Manifesto, http://www.mises.org/rothbard/newlibertywhole.asp#p263)

Many libertarians are uncomfortable with foreign policy matters

AND

war contracts, and loans to Western nations.

-- No impact: no slippery slope, checks exist, there’s always value to life, and Petro is warrantless trash

-- Property rights aren’t absolute

Paul 81 (Jeffrey, Professor of Philosophy, Bowling Green State University, Reading Nozick, p. 9-10)

Like Scanlon, Judith Jarvis T'homson is skeptical

AND

deontological conception of them leads him to believe.

-- Right to life comes first

Paul 81 (Ellen Frankel, Professor of Political Science – University of Colorado, Reading Nozick, Ed. Jeffrey Paul, p. 283-284)

1. Life is the ultimate value for

AND

it is wrong to attempt to sustain it.)?

-- Comparatively outweighs property rights

Nagel 81 (Thomas, Professor of Philosophy – New York University, Reading Nozick, Ed. Paul, p. 199)

There is no reason to think that either

AND

less ecerious and therefore provide less powerful constraints.

-- Total freedom is immoral – collapses all social bonds

Nisbet 84 (Robert, Professor of Sociology – Columbia University, Freedom and Virtue, Ed. Carey, p. 20)

For the conservative, individual freedom lies in

AND

correctly wrote, cannot endure a moral vacuum.

1. Minibus appropriations regarding State, financial services, and Energy are at the top of the Congressional agenda—makes huge fights between Obama and Republicans inevitable

Wasson 10/31/11 (Eric, The Hill, "Senate plans second 'minibus' this week," http://thehill.com/blogs/on-the-money/appropriations/190783-senate-plans-second-spending-minibus-this-week?tmpl=component&print=1&page=)

Senate Democrats are ready to package another group

AND

moving the measures and avoiding a government shutdown.

2. The recent bankruptcy of Beacon Power will tank Obama’s capital and ensure Republican backlash

German and Restuccia 10/31/11 (Ben and Andrew, The Hill, "Second green flop stokes controversy," http://thehill.com/blogs/e2-wire/e2-wire/190915-second-green-flop-stokes-controversy?tmpl=component&print=1&page=)

The White House is facing fresh political headaches

AND

handling of the Energy Department’s loan guarantee portfolio.

3.       No PC – Low Approval ratings

Agence France Presse, 10/21/2011 (Obama approval rating falls to new low: poll, p. http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gIukL7f9sT86en5shwU2pD28VzLQ?docId=CNG.372358000fff8eb3e0bd8527f1e55dc5.71)

US President Barack Obama's job approval rating has

AND

percent, before he lost re-election.

4.       Not top of docket and won’t pass because of GOP obstructionivism

Beutler 11/1 (Brian – TPMDC, “Senate Dems Face Major Challenge On Key Part Of Obama Jobs Bill”, 2011, http://tpmdc.talkingpointsmemo.com/2011/11/senate-dems-face-major-challenge-on-key-part-of-obama-jobs-bill.php)

Senate Democrats will continue to force Republicans to

AND

willing to deal on must-pass measures.

Winners win.

Halloran 10 (Liz, Reporter – NPR, “For Obama, What A Difference A Week Made”, National Public Radio, 4-6, http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=125594396)

Amazing what a win in a major legislative

AND

now suggest is a losing issue for them.

Multilateral democracy promotion generates political support.

Carothers, 7 (Thomas, vice president for studies—international politics and governance at the

Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, “U.S. Democracy Promotion During and After Bush”, http://carnegieendowment.org/files/democracy_promotion_after_bush_final.pdf)

The negative effects of Bush policy on democracy

AND

, decisiveness, and creativity necessary for success.

Graham –

A. Wants the plan.

Millard, 8/22/2011 (Hal, As Gaddafi falls, Graham hails opportunity to spread democracy, Spring Valley Patch, p. http://springvalley.patch.com/articles/as-gaddafi-falls-graham-hails-opportunity-to-spread-democracy)

With Muammar Gaddafi's 42-year dictatorship of

AND

the United States' best interest, he said.

B. Key to the agenda.

Shapiro, 3/24/2010 (Ari, Sen. Lindsey Graham: Spotlight On A Deal Maker, National Public Radio, p. http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=125063664&ft=3&f=1014,1017,1128)

In the past year, political controversies as

AND

Senate's foremost Republican deal maker is Lindsey Graham.

Lieberman –

A. Wants the plan.

Christian Science Monitor, 8/26/2011 (What happens next in Libya?, p. http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/2011/0826/What-happens-next-in-Libya-America-s-five-greatest-concerns/US-ground-forces)

Most members of Congress are still out of

AND

coordination with the Transitional Council,” he added.

B. Key swing vote.

Litvan, 1/19/2011 (Laura, Lieberman won’t seek re-election to u.s. senate after serving four terms, Bloomberg, p. http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-01-19/lieberman-is-said-to-decide-against-seeking-re-election-to-senate-in-2012.html)

U.S. Senator Joe Lieberman of

AND

vote in the Senate who caucuses with Democrats.

Congress likes the plan.

Emery, 8/23/2011 (Theo, Congress could resist additional aid to Libya, The Boston Globe, p. http://www.boston.com/Boston/politicalintelligence/2011/08/congress-could-resist-additional-aid-libya/DMmIHbENjJ0A6QBAednf0M/index.html)

In addition to Kerry, numerous members of

AND

called on to fund it,” he said.

Democracy assistance is bipartisan.

Democracy Digest, 9/8/2011 (9/11 restored bipartisan consensus on strategic value of democracy assistance, p. http://www.demdigest.net/blog/2011/09/911-restored-bipartisan-consensus-on-strategic-value-of-democracy-assistance/)

9/11 restored bipartisan consensus on strategic

AND

division here at home is worthy of note.”

The Amazon can recover despite deforestation, fires, or soil erosion.

Morana and Washburn 2k, 6-26-2000 Worldnet Daily, http://www.worldnetdaily.com/index.php?fa=PAGE.printable&pageId=4162

Moore counters: "To say that half

AND

carried out in a profitable and sustainable manner."

Plan does not spend much.

Emery, 8/23/2011 (Theo, Congress could resist additional aid to Libya, The Boston Globe, p. http://www.boston.com/Boston/politicalintelligence/2011/08/congress-could-resist-additional-aid-libya/DMmIHbENjJ0A6QBAednf0M/index.html)

In addition to Kerry, numerous members of

AND

called on to fund it,” he said.

The plan would not be expensive.

Anderson, 3/13/2011 (Lisa – president of the American University in Cairo, Obama’s Libya Inaction Risks Missing Opening for Democracy: Lisa Anderson, Bloomberg, p. http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-03-13/obama-s-libya-inaction-risks-missing-an-opening-lisa-anderson.html)

The appointment of a UN commissioner may not

AND

expensive, in either financial or political terms.

No trade-off – regional response fund.

McInerney, July 2011 (Stephen – executive director of the Project on Middle East Democracy, The Federal Budget and Appropriations for Fiscal Year 2012 Democracy, Governance, and Human Rights in the Middle East, p. http://pomed.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/FY2012-Budget-Report-web.pdf)

The administration has wisely budgeted for further unexpected

AND

Syria, Libya, Yemen, or elsewhere.

Aff:Georgia DV

Round #  7 Tournament: Shirley

vs:Georgetown DE

Judge:Calum Matheson

Plan Text

Wiki Libya aff

1ac Advantages

Human Rights

Multilateralism

Burden Sharing

stability

2ac Offense

Kicked HR conceded stability flow to answer CP

1ar Strategy

Libya unique model =

CP-

Multilat strat with UN outweighs = UN reject bc not see Qatar as credible

UN needs to be international leadership

Perm solves bc NB

Solves link to ptx bc done quietly

Not solve link turns = solvency deficit to the counterplans = quietly not solve perception

Strategically conceded args on stability takes out their impacts solve back for Bostrum = no cooperation w/out Japan

Case solves impact to economy

2ar Strategy

Current confidence = not real must have REAL multilat = plan

Cooperation = legitimizes US/UN coop

Libya is test case

Aff: Georgia DV

Round #5  Tournament: Shirley

vs: Oklahoma BC

Judge: Sarah Lundeen

Plan Text

The United States Federal Government should substantially increase its assistance in legal education and civil society building for the Arab Republic of Egypt.

1ac Advantages

Credibility

Independent Judiciary

Empiricism Good Underview

2ac Offense

Case

            Plan allows for democracy

            Disease Add-On

K

            Framework

            Plan gives a voice to Egyptian people

            Empiricism good

            Consequences before ontology

            Plan key to challenge dominant structures

            They reinforce whiteness

1AR Strategy

Case

            Moral obligation to solve disease

            Consequences outweigh ontology

            Empiricism good

K

            Framework

            Alt doesn’t solve

            Perm

            No Link

            We solve authoritarianism

            Racial violence inevitable

            They reinforce whiteness – oversimplification

            Boggs card

2ar Strategy

See 1AR strategy

Aff:UGA DV

Round # 1  Tournament: Shirley

vs: Emory AM

Judge: Aaron Hardy

Plan Text

The USFG should provide technical support in areas of rule of law, political dialogue, constitution-making, and electoral process for Libya through the United Nations support mission in Libya.

1ac Advantages

Stability

Burdensharing

Credibility

2ac Offense

Politics: graham link turn, winners win; straight turned politics

1ar Strategy

Straight-turned politics

2ar Strategy

Straight turned politics and went for warming impact

The United States Federal Government should provide democratic political transition support for Libya through the United Nations Support Mission in Libya.

Advantage One- Stability

Libyan instability is rampant -- guarantees civil war

DJ 12-29 (Digital Journal,

AND

.digitaljournal.com/pr/535072)

The coming year could create a lot of

AND

that Libya “is a conflict without boundaries.”

Technical assistance through the UN boosts NTC legitimacy and establishes the foundations for a democratic transition.

El Kasm, 11/10/2011

AND

)

In order to restore law and order,

AND

requests and keep the Libyan transition on track.

Instability undermines efforts to prevent nuclear and chemical theft in Libya.

Morris, 8/24/2011 (

AND

/8/24/16437/1300)

On August 21, the Libyan opposition forces

AND

materials and chemical weapons at this crucial time.

U.S. support for the UN democracy mission prevents weapon transfers.

Carmichael, 9/1/2011 (

AND

-fight-extremism-174626222.html)

US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton urged Libya's

AND

and promotes tolerance and pluralism," she said.

CBW use cause extinction.

Steinbruner, 12/22/1997 (

AND

Houses, Foreign Policy, p. lexis)

Although human pathogens are often lumped with nuclear

AND

this sort but not necessarily its outer limit.

Libyan instability causes massive refugee flows

Serwer 11 (Daniel, “Post-

AND

, No. 12, August, Online)

A failed transition leading to chaos, breakup

AND

the rebellion would be inclined in that direction.

Libyan refugees crush EU cohesion

Economist 11 (“The Next European Crisis:

AND

/04/north_african_migration)

For the past year excessive sovereign debt has

AND

to question another of Europe's great integration projects.

Causes global depression and runaway warming

Strahan 11 (David, Former Business Correspondent

AND

.html%3Cbr%20/%3E)

The climate always takes a back seat when

AND

could condemn the planet to uncontrollable global warming.

And, global warming leads to extinction
 Tickell, environmental researcher, 08

(Oliver, environmental researcher, 2008,

AND

/2008/aug/11/climatechange)

We need to get prepared for four degrees

AND

could propel us towards a similar hothouse Earth.

U.S. democracy assistance is critical to prevent transitional violence. Only the United States has the expertise establish the foundations of stability.

Margon, 8/22/2011 (

AND

/libya_next_stage.html)

Ensuring political unity in the TNC is crucial

AND

strong commitment to doing so on all fronts.

U.S. expertise and political knowledge is critical to prevent democratic backsliding.

Vandewalle, 4/6/2011 (

AND

/doc/Vandewalle%20Testimony.pdf)

As the United States continues to find its

AND

the foundations of a future, democratic Libya.

Advantage Two – Multilateralism

Sustained UN engagement on Libya is critical to maintain U.S. leadership, garner cooperation on multiple issues and overall multilateralism. The alternative is counterbalancing.

Brimmer, 9/15/2011 (

AND

-the-united-nations-matters/)

Glancing at the agenda of the upcoming General

AND

those who would not act in our interests.

Solves proliferation and terrorism.

Wirth, 3/22/2011 (

AND

Harvard International Review, p. EBSCO Host)

The greatest challenges to US national security today

AND

nuclear program and prospered from its illicit activities.

Terrorists have the means.

Bunn, November 2008 (Matthew – associate

AND

Securing the Bomb 2008, p. v)

Terrorists are still seeking nuclear weapons— and

AND

do to ensure that they are effectively secured.

And they can deliver.

Allison and Kokoshin, Fall 2002 (Graham

AND

, The National Interest, p. lexis)

As Robert Walpole, a National Intelligence Officer

AND

be able to smuggle in a nuclear bomb."

Terrorism causes retaliation that sparks global nuclear war and extinction.

Ayson 2010 (Robert, Professor of Strategic

AND

& Terrorism, 33(7), July)

A terrorist nuclear attack, and even the

AND

might not help the chances of nuclear restraint.

Global human rights prevents extinction.

Copelon 1998/1999 (Rhonda - professor

AND

. Rev. 59, p. lexis)

The indivisible human rights framework survived the Cold

AND

to bear on both domestic and foreign policy.

Only multilateral cooperation prevents great power wars that make extinction inevitable.

Dyer, 12/30/2004 (

AND

, The Toronto Star, p. lexis)

The "firebreak" against nuclear weapons use

AND

then history will repeat itself and everybody loses.

The US needs to take action in Libya through the UN – key to avoid backlash and diminished US credibility

Bauer, 11 (William, “America

AND

?id=1470&op=no)

So, what is next for Libya?

AND

the U.S. has to offer.

Libya is the test case for the future of Obama’s multilateral approach.

Rothkopf, 3/18/2011 (

AND

_obama_as_for_qaddafi)

This is not because Libya is such a

AND

to be able to take credit for leading.

Advantage Three – Burden Sharing

A grand strategy of burden sharing is critical to prevent counterbalancing and getting sustained cooperation on global issues.

Ikenberry, January-February 2010 (G

AND

/article.cfm?piece=760)

President Obama inherited the most daunting and intractable

AND

is beginning the process of gaining it back.

A shift to burden sharing is critical to maintain effective leadership.

Beauchamp, 8/22/2011 (

AND

-and-global-policemen.html)

Police forces aren't made up of one member

AND

have to conduct every patrol on their own.

US leadership prevents great powers wars.

Khalilzad, 2/8/2011 (

AND

-khalilzad?page=3%29)

We face this domestic challenge while other major

AND

most significant barrier facing Chinese hegemony and aggression. 

Nuclear war.

Khalilzad 1995 (Zalmay – sixteen years younger

AND

18, No 2, p. 84)

Under the third option, the United States

AND

bipolar or a multipolar balance of power system.

The plan locks-in the strategy of burden sharing and multilateralism.

Brady, August 2011 (Kyle - author

AND

-new-u-s-strategy)

The involvement of the United States in the

AND

to be tested, refined and fully institutionalized.