Georgetown » Georgetown Day-Engler Aff

Georgetown Day-Engler Aff

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  • Round Reports

    • Tournament: Sample Tournament | Round: 1 | Opponent: Sample Team | Judge: Sample Judge

    • Aff: Georgetown DE
      Round # 6 Tournament: Shirley
      vs: Kansas KK
      Judge: Doowon

       

       

      Plan Text

      Same as Wiki

       

      1ac Advantages

      Stability (oil impact)

      Terrorism (nuclear & biological)

      Iranian expansionism (Heg, Middle East war)

       

      Same as wiki

       

      2ac Offense

       

       

      1ar Strategy

       

       

      2ar Strategy
       

      Aff: Georgetown DE

      Round # 1  Tournament: Shirley

      vs: Liberty LS

      Judge: David Strauss

       

       

      Plan Text

      The USFG should substantially increase support for democratic governance for the Libyan National Transitional Council.

       

      1ac Advantages

      Stability-oil shocks

      Terrorism0-nuke terror, bio terror

      Iran-Israel strikes, hegemony

       

      2ac Offense

      Impacts turn politics

      Solvency deficit 2CPs

       

      1ar Strategy

      Perm on SSP CP

      Case –oil and Iran arguments

      Impact turn politics

       

       

      2ar Strategy

      Perm do CP

      Impacts turn politics


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11/09/11
1

  • 1AC GSU

    • Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:


    • The United States federal government should substantially increase its governance assistance to the Libyan National Transitional Council

      Advantage 1 – Stability 

      Lack of institutions and tribal infighting guarantee instability
      Quarterman 11 (Mark, Senior adviser and director of the Program on Crisis, Conflict, and Cooperation at the Center for Strategic and International Studies. He worked for more than a decade at the United Nations, including on international tribunals and investigations. He most recently served as chief of staff of the U.N. commission of inquiry into the assassination of former Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto, 8/22, “Tricky road ahead for post-Gadhafi regime”, http://edition.cnn.com/2011/OPINION/08/22/quarterman.libya.future/index.html?hpt=op_t1) 

      The TNC has reportedly…….. as soon as possible, with appropriate safeguards. 

      U.S. governance assistance solves instability – supports key institutions
      Serwer 11 (Daniel, professorial lecturer and senior fellow at the Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies and a scholar at the Middle East Institute, “ Post-Qaddafi Instability in Libya CPA Contingency Planning Memorandum No. 12,” August 2011, http://www.cfr.org/libya/post-qaddafi-instability-libya/p25612)

      The United States could play a supportive role….. military equipment and training, for example, rather than police. 

      Only U.S. expertise solves – institutional knowledge
      Vandewalle 11 (Dirk, Dartmouth College, “The Reconstruction of Libya Local and International Constraints and Opportunities,” Testimony before the Senate Foreign Affairs Committee, 6 April, 2011, http://foreign.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Vandewalle%20Testimony.pdf)

      Assuming the outcome of the ongoing….. the foundations of a future, democratic Libya.

      Instability triggers massive oil shocks – that collapse the global economy
      Stelzer 11 (Irwin M., Contributing editor to The Weekly Standard, director of economic policy studies at the Hudson Institute, and a columnist for the Sunday Times (London), 3/7, “A Libyan Oil Shock?”, http://www.weeklystandard.com/articles/libyan-oil-shock_552544.html?page=2)

      But there is oil and there is oil,…. nation’s continuing need for oil. 

      Decline means regional instability escalates and goes nuclear
      Michael Auslin and Desmond Lachman 9, resident scholars at the American Enterprise Institute, The Global Economy Unravels, March 6, http://www.aei.org/article/100187

      What do these trends mean in….. small explosions that coalesce into a big bang.

      High oil prices collapse the CCP
      Liz Peek 11, The Fiscal Times, “Oil Price Surge: How Libya Threatens China Growth”, April 13, http://www.thefiscaltimes.com/Columns/2011/04/13/Oil-Price-Surge-How-Libya-Threatens-China-Growth.aspx

      For China, though, the Libyan engagement…. the “inflation tiger” back in its cage.

      Triggers civil war and lashout
      Friedberg, Professor of Politics and International Affairs – Princeton, Asia Expert – CFR, ‘10
      (Aaron, “Implications of the Financial Crisis for the US-China Rivalry,” Survival, Volume 52, Issue 4, August, p. 31 – 54)

      Despite its magnitude, Beijing's stimulus…. perhaps unexpectedly aggressive, ways.

      Extinction
      Yee, Associate Professor of Government @ Hong Kong Baptist University, and Storey, Asian-Pacific Center for Security Studies, ‘2
      (Herbert and Ian, China Threat: Perception, Myths, and Reality, p. 5)

      The fourth factor contributing to…. neighbours and the world.

      Advantage 2 – Iran
      U.S. public diplomacy is faltering – plan is key to U.S. support with the Arab Public
      Hamid 11 (Director of Research-Brookings Policy Center, http://globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2011/08/26/libya-may-be-in-americas-vital-interest-after-all/)

      Libya is perhaps the first of…. vital” interests. Not yet, at least.

      Iran is expanding its regional power – public opinion is the crucial battleground
      Lynch 11 (Marc, Non-Resident Senior Fellow at the Center for a New American Security, an Associate Professor of Political Science and Director of the Middle East Studies Program at George Washington University, and an editor for the Middle East Channel for ForeignPolicy.com, “ Upheaval U.S. Policy Toward Iran in a Changing Middle East,” Center for a New American Security, http://www.cnas.org/files/documents/publications/CNAS_Upheaval_Lynch_1.pdf)

      How much Iran will benefit from….. U.S. policy options toward Iran. 

      Supporting Libyan democratization sends a unique signal – reinvigorates Arab public support for U.S.
      Yousef 11 (Tarik, A former World Bank and IMF economist, Tarik Yousef researches economic development, political economy and policy reform in the Middle East. A Georgetown University professor, he also is dean of the Dubai School of Government, “ @ Brookings Podcast: The U.S. Role in Supporting the Libyan Rebels,” 1:07-6:11 (Transcribed) http://www.brookings.edu/multimedia/video/2011/0422_at_brookings_podcast.aspx)

      It would not be the first time in the history…. own national aspirations as they see them fit.

      Libya is the vital test case
      Ghitis 11 (World Politics Review Contributing Editor, 8/25, http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/9882/world-citizen-libya-emerges-as-major-test-of-western-u-s-influence)

      The future of Libya was never terribly….. and democracy, not to mention friendly to the West.

      The US must transition to an ideational model of Mid East engagement or risk total irrelevance
      Fettner 11 (Peter, prof and PhD candidate in philosophy at Temple, published writer and researcher on US foreign policy, (writing under the pseudonym Byron), “Investigative Analysis: Soft Power in the Middle East – Reforming American Foreign Policy”, August 26, http://www.presstorm.com/2011/08/soft-power-in-the-middle-east-reforming-american-foreign-policy/)

      It’s easy to read the…. that has forced the United States to respond.

      Perception of US weakness emboldens Iran and causes other countries to bandwagon
      Jon Alterman 11, director and senior fellow of the Middle East Program at CSIS, Former member of the Policy Planning Staff at the U.S. Department of State and as a special assistant to the assistant secretary of state for Near Eastern affairs, June 2011, “Capacity and Resolve: Foreign Assessments of U.S. Power,” http://csis.org/files/publication/110613_Cohen_CapacityResolve_Web.pdf 

      Whatever the actual cost,…. discrete set of actions and statements.

      That solves Iranian expansionism
      Lynch 11 (Marc, Non-Resident Senior Fellow at the Center for a New American Security, an Associate Professor of Political Science and Director of the Middle East Studies Program at George Washington University, and an editor for the Middle East Channel for ForeignPolicy.com, “ Upheaval U.S. Policy Toward Iran in a Changing Middle East,” Center for a New American Security, http://www.cnas.org/files/documents/publications/CNAS_Upheaval_Lynch_1.pdf)

      The Arab uprisings have…. its domestic and foreign policies. 

      That triggers Middle East war, collapse of hegemony and nuclear breakout
      Lindsay and Takeyh 10 (James M. Lindsay, Senior Vice President, Director of Studies, and Maurice R. Greenberg Chair at the Council on Foreign Relations, former Director for Global Issues and Multilateral Affairs at the National Security Council, Ph.D., M.Phil, M.A. Yale University, B.A. Economics and Political Science, University of Michigan; Ray Takeyh, Senior Fellow for Middle Eastern Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations, Adjunct Professor, Center for Peace and Security Studies, Georgetown University, Ph.D., Oxford University; “After Iran Gets the Bomb: Containment and its Complications,” Foreign Affairs, March/April 2010, http://theglobalconnectnetwork.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=187:after-iran-gets-the-bomb-containment-and-its-complications&catid=48:global-governanceforeign-policy)

      THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC of Iran is determined…. maximize its leverage in the region.

      Middle East war goes nuclear
      Russell 9 (James A. Russell, Senior Lecturer, National Security Affairs, Naval Postgraduate School, ‘9 (Spring) “Strategic Stability Reconsidered: Prospects for Escalation and Nuclear War in the Middle East” IFRI, Proliferation Papers, #26, http://www.ifri.org/downloads/PP26_Russell_2009.pdf) 

      Strategic stability in the region is….. substantial risk for the entire world. 

      Heg solves conflicts
      Zhang and Shi 11– *Yuhan Zhang is a researcher at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Washington, D.C.; Lin Shi is from Columbia University. She also serves as an independent consultant for the Eurasia Group and a consultant for the World Bank in Washington, D.C. (1/22, America’s decline: A harbinger of conflict and rivalry, http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2011/01/22/americas-decline-a-harbinger-of-conflict-and-rivalry/)

      This does not necessarily mean that the US is in….. be devoid of unrivalled US primacy.

      Prolif guarantees nuclear war
      Allison 10 – Graham, “Nuclear Disorder: Surveying Atomic Threats.” Foreign Affairs, 89 no. 1, Jan/Feb, http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/19819/nuclear_disorder.html)

      In 2004, the secretary-general…… everything feasible to prevent it.

      Advantage 3 – Terrorism

      Failure to follow through collapses Libyan goodwill – US action is key
      Lamen 11 (Fadel, President, American-Libyan Council, 7/14, “LIBYA: THINKING AHEAD TO THE TRANSITION”, http://carnegieendowment.org/files/071411_transcript_LibyaTransition.pdf) 

      And so while the TNC, with all…… who cannot lead so he can lead them.

      That triggers massive terrorism spread in Libya
      Pelham 11 (Nicolas, author of A New Muslim Order: Iraq and the Revival of Shia Islam. He has reported on the Arab world for twenty years and currently writes for The Economist, “ Bogged Down in Libya,” April 14, 2011, http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2011/may/12/bogged-down-libya/?page=3)

      For much of the twentieth century…… the Libyan Islamic Fighting Group on its terrorist blacklist. 

      Ensures bioterror attack on the U.S.
      Maginnis 9 (Robert, retired Army lieutenant colonel, and a national security and foreign affairs analyst for radio and television, “Al-Qaeda and The Plague,” http://www.humanevents.com/article.php?id=30382)

      The report that some forty al-Qaeda terrorists……. eliminate threats before they mature

      Extinction
      De Rugy and Pena 2, *policy analyst, *senior defense policy analyst at the Cato Institute, (Veronique and Charles, “ Responding to the Threat of Smallpox Bioterrorism An Ounce of Prevention Is Best Approach” April 18, Policy Analysis No. 432 http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/pa434.pdf)  

      There is evidence that al-Qaeda members….. need to be examined and evaluated. 

      And causes US nuclear lashout
      Conley 3 (Chief of the Systems Analysis Branch, Directorate of Requirements, http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/apj/apj03/spr03/conley.html)

      The number of American casualties….. whatever promises had been made.”



10/12/11
2

  • 1AC West Georgia - GSU

    • Tournament: GSU | Round: | Opponent: West Georgia | Judge:


    • PLAN 

      The United States federal government should prioritize political freedom over authoritarian relationships by substantially increasing support of governance programs for the Libyan National Transitional Council.

      ADVANTAGE 1 – STABILITY
      Advantage 1 – Revolutions Bad  

      Libya will collapse absent international support
      Margon 11 (Sarah Margon is the Associate Director for Sustainable Security at American Progress., 8/22, “Libya Will Still Need Help After Qaddafi’s Departure”, http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2011/08/libya_next_stage.html)

      The situation in Tripoli … as it was during. 

      Material resources solve instability – supports key institutions
      Serwer 11 (Daniel, professorial lecturer and senior fellow at the Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies and a scholar at the Middle East Institute, “ Post-Qaddafi Instability in Libya CPA Contingency Planning Memorandum No. 12,” August 2011, http://www.cfr.org/libya/post-qaddafi-instability-libya/p25612)

      The United States could …, rather than police. 

      Specific empirical evidence proves our model decreases violence
      Savun and Tirone 11 (Burcu Savun is Assistant Professor of Political Science, University of Pittsburgh,  Daniel C. Tirone is a Ph.D. Candidate in the Department of Political Science, University of Pittsburgh, “ Foreign Aid, Democratization, and Civil Conflict: How Does Democracy Aid Affect Civil Conflict,” American Journal of Political Science,” Volume 55, Issue 2, pages 233–246, April 2011)

      Scholars of intrastate conflict … phases of democratization. 

      Instability triggers massive oil shocks – that collapse the global economy
      Stelzer 11 (Irwin M., Contributing editor to The Weekly Standard, director of economic policy studies at the Hudson Institute, and a columnist for the Sunday Times (London), 3/7, “A Libyan Oil Shock?”, http://www.weeklystandard.com/articles/libyan-oil-shock_552544.html?page=2)

      But there is oil and … continuing need for oil. 

      Decline means regional instability escalates
      Michael Auslin and Desmond Lachman 9, resident scholars at the American Enterprise Institute, The Global Economy Unravels, March 6, http://www.aei.org/article/100187

      What do these … coalesce into a big bang.

      Economic cooperation and trade make life better and solve conflict – best consensus of falsifiable data
      Griswold 5
      – director of the Center for Trade Policy Studies at the Cato Institute (Daniel, “Peace on earth? Try free trade among men,” 12-29-2005, http://www.freetrade.org/node/282)  JMP

      Buried beneath the … its own peace dividend.

      The alternative leaves the Libyans hung out to dry – helping them into war without any way out – walking away is as politically interviontionist as sending aid
      Pelham 11 (Nicolas, author of A New Muslim Order: Iraq and the Revival of Shia Islam. He has reported on the Arab world for twenty years and currently writes for The Economist, “ Bogged Down in Libya,” April 14, 2011, http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2011/may/12/bogged-down-libya/?page=3)

      For much of the twentieth … on its terrorist blacklist. 

      ADVANTAGE 2 – IRAN

      Advantage 2 – Iranian Imperial Domination 

      U.S. public diplomacy is faltering – plan is key to U.S. support with the Arab Public – state structure is inevitable – it’s a question of which kind
      Hamid 11 (Director of Research-Brookings Policy Center, http://globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2011/08/26/libya-may-be-in-americas-vital-interest-after-all/)

      Libya is perhaps the …” interests. Not yet, at least.

      US withdrawal results in substitution by another empire – public opinion is the crucial battleground
      Lynch 11 (Marc, Non-Resident Senior Fellow at the Center for a New American Security, an Associate Professor of Political Science and Director of the Middle East Studies Program at George Washington University, and an editor for the Middle East Channel for ForeignPolicy.com, “ Upheaval U.S. Policy Toward Iran in a Changing Middle East,” Center for a New American Security, http://www.cnas.org/files/documents/publications/CNAS_Upheaval_Lynch_1.pdf)

      How much Iran … options toward Iran. 

      Supporting Libyan democratization sends a unique signal – reinvigorates Arab public support for U.S.
      Yousef 11 (Tarik, A former World Bank and IMF economist, Tarik Yousef researches economic development, political economy and policy reform in the Middle East. A Georgetown University professor, he also is dean of the Dubai School of Government, “ @ Brookings Podcast: The U.S. Role in Supporting the Libyan Rebels,” 1:07-6:11 (Transcribed) http://www.brookings.edu/multimedia/video/2011/0422_at_brookings_podcast.aspx)

      It would not be the … as they see them fit.

      The US must transition to an ideational model of Mid East engagement or risk total irrelevance
      Fettner 11 (Peter, prof and PhD candidate in philosophy at Temple, published writer and researcher on US foreign policy, (writing under the pseudonym Byron), “Investigative Analysis: Soft Power in the Middle East – Reforming American Foreign Policy”, August 26, http://www.presstorm.com/2011/08/soft-power-in-the-middle-east-reforming-american-foreign-policy/)

      It’s easy to read the … the United States to respond.

      Perception of US weakness emboldens Iran and causes other countries to bandwagon
      Jon Alterman 11, director and senior fellow of the Middle East Program at CSIS, Former member of the Policy Planning Staff at the U.S. Department of State and as a special assistant to the assistant secretary of state for Near Eastern affairs, June 2011, “Capacity and Resolve: Foreign Assessments of U.S. Power,” http://csis.org/files/publication/110613_Cohen_CapacityResolve_Web.pdf 

      Whatever the actual cost, …actions and statements.

      That solves Iranian expansionism
      Lynch 11 (Marc, Non-Resident Senior Fellow at the Center for a New American Security, an Associate Professor of Political Science and Director of the Middle East Studies Program at George Washington University, and an editor for the Middle East Channel for ForeignPolicy.com, “ Upheaval U.S. Policy Toward Iran in a Changing Middle East,” Center for a New American Security, http://www.cnas.org/files/documents/publications/CNAS_Upheaval_Lynch_1.pdf)

      The Arab uprisings … and foreign policies. 

      That triggers Middle East war, collapse of hegemony and nuclear breakout
      Lindsay and Takeyh 10 (James M. Lindsay, Senior Vice President, Director of Studies, and Maurice R. Greenberg Chair at the Council on Foreign Relations, former Director for Global Issues and Multilateral Affairs at the National Security Council, Ph.D., M.Phil, M.A. Yale University, B.A. Economics and Political Science, University of Michigan; Ray Takeyh, Senior Fellow for Middle Eastern Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations, Adjunct Professor, Center for Peace and Security Studies, Georgetown University, Ph.D., Oxford University; “After Iran Gets the Bomb: Containment and its Complications,” Foreign Affairs, March/April 2010, http://theglobalconnectnetwork.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=187:after-iran-gets-the-bomb-containment-and-its-complications&catid=48:global-governanceforeign-policy)

      THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC of … its leverage in the region.

      Heg solves conflicts
      Zhang and Shi 11– *Yuhan Zhang is a researcher at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Washington, D.C.; Lin Shi is from Columbia University. She also serves as an independent consultant for the Eurasia Group and a consultant for the World Bank in Washington, D.C. (1/22, America’s decline: A harbinger of conflict and rivalry, http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2011/01/22/americas-decline-a-harbinger-of-conflict-and-rivalry/)

      This does not necessarily mean …of unrivalled US primacy.

      Prolif guarantees nuclear war
      Allison 10 – Graham, “Nuclear Disorder: Surveying Atomic Threats.” Foreign Affairs, 89 no. 1, Jan/Feb, http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/19819/nuclear_disorder.html)

      In 2004, the secretary-… feasible to prevent it.

      Middle East war goes nuclear
      Russell 9 (James A. Russell, Senior Lecturer, National Security Affairs, Naval Postgraduate School, ‘9 (Spring) “Strategic Stability Reconsidered: Prospects for Escalation and Nuclear War in the Middle East” IFRI, Proliferation Papers, #26, http://www.ifri.org/downloads/PP26_Russell_2009.pdf) 

      Strategic stability in the … the entire world. 

      Their defense is out-dated and overly optimistic
      Herbert I. London 10, President Emeritus of Hudson Institute, “The Coming Crisis in the Middle East”, June 23, http://www.hudson.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=publication_details&id=7101&pubType=HI_Opeds

      The gathering storm in the …a truly bad sign.

      Social Constructivism is bankrupt – default to the best, most rigorous empirical and scientific methodology
      Sokal 97 (Alan, professor of physics at New York University, “A Plea for Reason, Evidence and Logic”, New Politics 6(2), pp. 126-129 (Winter 1997)



10/12/11
3

  • 1AC Kentucky

    • Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:



    • PLAN 

      The United States federal government should substantially increase support of governance programs for the Libyan National Transitional Council
      ADVANTAGE 1 – STABILITY
      Advantage 1 – Stability
      Libya will collapse absent international support
      Margon 11 (Sarah Margon is the Associate Director for Sustainable Security at American Progress., 8/22, “Libya Will Still Need Help After Qaddafi’s Departure”, http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2011/08/libya_next_stage.html)

      The situation in Tripoli … as it was during. 

      Material resources solve instability – supports key institutions
      Serwer 11 (Daniel, professorial lecturer and senior fellow at the Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies and a scholar at the Middle East Institute, “ Post-Qaddafi Instability in Libya CPA Contingency Planning Memorandum No. 12,” August 2011, http://www.cfr.org/libya/post-qaddafi-instability-libya/p25612)

      The United States could …, rather than police. 

      Only U.S. expertise solves – institutional knowledge
      Vandewalle 11 (Dirk, Dartmouth College, “The Reconstruction of Libya Local and International Constraints and Opportunities,” Testimony before the Senate Foreign Affairs Committee, 6 April, 2011, http://foreign.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Vandewalle%20Testimony.pdf)

      Assuming the outcome …future, democratic Libya.

      Instability triggers massive oil shocks – that collapse the global economy
      Stelzer 11 (Irwin M., Contributing editor to The Weekly Standard, director of economic policy studies at the Hudson Institute, and a columnist for the Sunday Times (London), 3/7, “A Libyan Oil Shock?”, http://www.weeklystandard.com/articles/libyan-oil-shock_552544.html?page=2)

      But there is oil and … continuing need for oil. 

      Decline means regional instability escalates
      Michael Auslin and Desmond Lachman 9, resident scholars at the American Enterprise Institute, The Global Economy Unravels, March 6, http://www.aei.org/article/100187

      What do these … coalesce into a big bang.

      Growth solves their impacts
      Royal 10 (Jedidiah, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, “Economic Integration, Economic Signalling And The Problem Of Economic Crises”, in Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-215

      Second, on a dyadic … the use of force.

      Oil wars independently cause extinction
      Klare 8 (Michael, professor of peace and world security studies at Hampshire College, “The rise of the new energy world order,” http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Global_Economy/JD17Dj04.html)

      A growing risk of … control its global distribution.  

      High oil prices collapse the CCP
      Liz Peek 11, The Fiscal Times, “Oil Price Surge: How Libya Threatens China Growth”, April 13, http://www.thefiscaltimes.com/Columns/2011/04/13/Oil-Price-Surge-How-Libya-Threatens-China-Growth.aspx

      For China, though, … back in its cage.

      Triggers civil war and lashout
      Friedberg, Professor of Politics and International Affairs – Princeton, Asia Expert – CFR, ‘10
      (Aaron, “Implications of the Financial Crisis for the US-China Rivalry,” Survival, Volume 52, Issue 4, August, p. 31 – 54)

      Despite its magnitude, …unexpectedly aggressive, ways.

      Extinction
      Yee, Associate Professor of Government @ Hong Kong Baptist University, and Storey, Asian-Pacific Center for Security Studies, ‘2
      (Herbert and Ian, China Threat: Perception, Myths, and Reality, p. 5)

      The fourth factor ..neighbours and the world.

      ADVANTAGE 2 – TERRORISM
      Advantage 2 – Terrorism

      Failure to follow through collapses Libyan goodwill – US action is key
      Lamen 11 (Fadel, President, American-Libyan Council, 7/14, “LIBYA: THINKING AHEAD TO THE TRANSITION”, http://carnegieendowment.org/files/071411_transcript_LibyaTransition.pdf) 

      And so while the TNC, … so he can lead them.

      That triggers massive terrorism spread in Libya
      Pelham 11 (Nicolas, author of A New Muslim Order: Iraq and the Revival of Shia Islam. He has reported on the Arab world for twenty years and currently writes for The Economist, “ Bogged Down in Libya,” April 14, 2011, http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2011/may/12/bogged-down-libya/?page=3)

      For much of the … Group on its terrorist blacklist. 

      Ensures bioterror attack on the U.S.
      Maginnis 9 (Robert, retired Army lieutenant colonel, and a national security and foreign affairs analyst for radio and television, “Al-Qaeda and The Plague,” http://www.humanevents.com/article.php?id=30382)

      The report that some … before they mature. 

      Extinction
      De Rugy and Pena 2, *policy analyst, *senior defense policy analyst at the Cato Institute, (Veronique and Charles, “ Responding to the Threat of Smallpox Bioterrorism An Ounce of Prevention Is Best Approach” April 18, Policy Analysis No. 432 http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/pa434.pdf)  

      There is evidence … examined and evaluated. 

      And causes US nuclear lashout
      Conley 3 (Chief of the Systems Analysis Branch, Directorate of Requirements, http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/apj/apj03/spr03/conley.html)

      The number of … had been made.”

      Bioterrorism’s uniquely deadly
      Danzig 9,  senior advisor at the Center for New American Security, the Center for Naval Analyses, and the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington DC, consultant to the Departments of Defense and Homeland Security on terrorism, (Richard, “ A Policymaker’s Guide to Bioterrorism and What to Do About It,” Center for Technology and National Security Policy National Defense University December, http://www.ndu.edu/CTNSP/docUploaded/A%20Policymaker's%20Guide.pdf) 

      1. Pathogenic material and … than supplying assistance. 

      ADVANTAGE 3 – IRAN
      Advantage 3 – Iran
      U.S. public diplomacy is faltering – plan is key to U.S. support with the Arab Public
      Hamid 11 (Director of Research-Brookings Policy Center, http://globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2011/08/26/libya-may-be-in-americas-vital-interest-after-all/)

      Libya is perhaps the …. Not yet, at least.

      Iran is expanding its regional power – public opinion is the crucial battleground
      Lynch 11 (Marc, Non-Resident Senior Fellow at the Center for a New American Security, an Associate Professor of Political Science and Director of the Middle East Studies Program at George Washington University, and an editor for the Middle East Channel for ForeignPolicy.com, “ Upheaval U.S. Policy Toward Iran in a Changing Middle East,” Center for a New American Security, http://www.cnas.org/files/documents/publications/CNAS_Upheaval_Lynch_1.pdf)

      How much Iran … Israeli foreign policy. 

      Libya is the vital test case
      Ghitis 11 (World Politics Review Contributing Editor, 8/25, http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/9882/world-citizen-libya-emerges-as-major-test-of-western-u-s-influence)

      The future of Libya … friendly to the West.

      The US must transition to an ideational model of Mid East engagement or risk total irrelevance
      Fettner 11 (Peter, prof and PhD candidate in philosophy at Temple, published writer and researcher on US foreign policy, (writing under the pseudonym Byron), “Investigative Analysis: Soft Power in the Middle East – Reforming American Foreign Policy”, August 26, http://www.presstorm.com/2011/08/soft-power-in-the-middle-east-reforming-american-foreign-policy/)

      It’s easy to … United States to respond.

      Perception of US weakness emboldens Iran and causes other countries to bandwagon
      Jon Alterman 11, director and senior fellow of the Middle East Program at CSIS, Former member of the Policy Planning Staff at the U.S. Department of State and as a special assistant to the assistant secretary of state for Near Eastern affairs, June 2011, “Capacity and Resolve: Foreign Assessments of U.S. Power,” http://csis.org/files/publication/110613_Cohen_CapacityResolve_Web.pdf 

      Whatever the actual …actions and statements.

      That solves Iranian expansionism
      Lynch 11 (Marc, Non-Resident Senior Fellow at the Center for a New American Security, an Associate Professor of Political Science and Director of the Middle East Studies Program at George Washington University, and an editor for the Middle East Channel for ForeignPolicy.com, “ Upheaval U.S. Policy Toward Iran in a Changing Middle East,” Center for a New American Security, http://www.cnas.org/files/documents/publications/CNAS_Upheaval_Lynch_1.pdf)

      The Arab uprisings have … domestic and foreign policies. 

      That eviscerates US hegemony
      Cohen, 11
      Craig Cohen, vice president for Research and Programs at CSIS and editor of this volume, serves as principal adviser to CSIS president, June 2011, “Capacity and Resolve: Foreign Assessments of U.S. Power,” http://csis.org/files/publication/110613_Cohen_CapacityResolve_Web.pdf 

      This study finds that …decades to come.

      Nuclear War
      Zhang and Shi 11– *Yuhan Zhang is a researcher at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Washington, D.C.; Lin Shi is from Columbia University. She also serves as an independent consultant for the Eurasia Group and a consultant for the World Bank in Washington, D.C. (1/22, America’s decline: A harbinger of conflict and rivalry, http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2011/01/22/americas-decline-a-harbinger-of-conflict-and-rivalry/)

      This does not necessarily ….unrivalled US primacy

      Causes regional war and miscalc
      Marc Lynch 11, associate professor of political science and international affairs at George Washington University, “Upheaval: U.S. Policy Toward Iran in a Changing Middle East”, June, http://www.cnas.org/files/documents/publications/CNAS_Upheaval_Lynch_2.pdf

      As it struggles to …sudden and game-changing war.

      Extinction
      Russell 9 (James A. Russell, Senior Lecturer, National Security Affairs, Naval Postgraduate School, ‘9 (Spring) “Strategic Stability Reconsidered: Prospects for Escalation and Nuclear War in the Middle East” IFRI, Proliferation Papers, #26, http://www.ifri.org/downloads/PP26_Russell_2009.pdf) 

      Strategic stability in the …the entire world.

      Their defense is out-dated and overly optimistic
      Herbert I. London 10, President Emeritus of Hudson Institute, “The Coming Crisis in the Middle East”, June 23, http://www.hudson.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=publication_details&id=7101&pubType=HI_Opeds

      The gathering storm ….That is a truly bad sign.



10/12/11
4

  • 1AC Kentucky - Towson

    • Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:


    • PLAN 

      The United States federal government should prioritize political freedom over authoritarian relationships by substantially increasing support of governance programs for the Libyan National Transitional Council.

      ADVANTAGE 1 – TRANSITION
      Advantage 1 – Transition   
      Libya will collapse absent international support
      Margon 11 (Sarah Margon is the Associate Director for Sustainable Security at American Progress., 8/22, “Libya Will Still Need Help After Qaddafi’s Departure”, http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2011/08/libya_next_stage.html)

      The situation in Tripoli … as it was during. 

      Material resources solve instability – supports key institutions
      Serwer 11 (Daniel, professorial lecturer and senior fellow at the Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies and a scholar at the Middle East Institute, “ Post-Qaddafi Instability in Libya CPA Contingency Planning Memorandum No. 12,” August 2011, http://www.cfr.org/libya/post-qaddafi-instability-libya/p25612)

      The United States could …, rather than police. 

      Specific empirical evidence proves our model decreases violence
      Savun and Tirone 11 (Burcu Savun is Assistant Professor of Political Science, University of Pittsburgh,  Daniel C. Tirone is a Ph.D. Candidate in the Department of Political Science, University of Pittsburgh, “ Foreign Aid, Democratization, and Civil Conflict: How Does Democracy Aid Affect Civil Conflict,” American Journal of Political Science,” Volume 55, Issue 2, pages 233–246, April 2011)

      Scholars of intrastate conflict … phases of democratization. 

      Instability triggers massive oil shocks – that collapse the global economy
      Stelzer 11 (Irwin M., Contributing editor to The Weekly Standard, director of economic policy studies at the Hudson Institute, and a columnist for the Sunday Times (London), 3/7, “A Libyan Oil Shock?”, http://www.weeklystandard.com/articles/libyan-oil-shock_552544.html?page=2)

      But there is oil and … continuing need for oil. 

      Decline means regional instability escalates
      Michael Auslin and Desmond Lachman 9, resident scholars at the American Enterprise Institute, The Global Economy Unravels, March 6, http://www.aei.org/article/100187

      What do these … coalesce into a big bang.

      Economic cooperation and trade make life better and solve conflict – best consensus of falsifiable data
      Griswold 5
      – director of the Center for Trade Policy Studies at the Cato Institute (Daniel, “Peace on earth? Try free trade among men,” 12-29-2005, http://www.freetrade.org/node/282)  JMP

      Buried beneath the … its own peace dividend.

      The alternative leaves the Libyans hung out to dry – helping them into war without any way out – walking away is as politically interviontionist as sending aid
      Pelham 11 (Nicolas, author of A New Muslim Order: Iraq and the Revival of Shia Islam. He has reported on the Arab world for twenty years and currently writes for The Economist, “ Bogged Down in Libya,” April 14, 2011, http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2011/may/12/bogged-down-libya/?page=3)

      For much of the twentieth … on its terrorist blacklist. 

      ADVANTAGE 2 – IRAN

      Advantage 2 – Iran 

      U.S. public diplomacy is faltering – plan is key to U.S. support with the Arab Public – state structure is inevitable – it’s a question of which kind  
      Hamid 11 (Director of Research-Brookings Policy Center, http://globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2011/08/26/libya-may-be-in-americas-vital-interest-after-all/)

      Libya is perhaps the …” interests. Not yet, at least.

      US withdrawal results in substitution by another empire – public opinion is the crucial battleground
      Lynch 11 (Marc, Non-Resident Senior Fellow at the Center for a New American Security, an Associate Professor of Political Science and Director of the Middle East Studies Program at George Washington University, and an editor for the Middle East Channel for ForeignPolicy.com, “ Upheaval U.S. Policy Toward Iran in a Changing Middle East,” Center for a New American Security, http://www.cnas.org/files/documents/publications/CNAS_Upheaval_Lynch_1.pdf)

      How much Iran … options toward Iran. 

      The US must transition to an ideational model of Mid East engagement or risk total irrelevance
      Fettner 11 (Peter, prof and PhD candidate in philosophy at Temple, published writer and researcher on US foreign policy, (writing under the pseudonym Byron), “Investigative Analysis: Soft Power in the Middle East – Reforming American Foreign Policy”, August 26, http://www.presstorm.com/2011/08/soft-power-in-the-middle-east-reforming-american-foreign-policy/)

      It’s easy to read the … the United States to respond.

      Perception of US weakness emboldens Iran and causes other countries to bandwagon
      Jon Alterman 11, director and senior fellow of the Middle East Program at CSIS, Former member of the Policy Planning Staff at the U.S. Department of State and as a special assistant to the assistant secretary of state for Near Eastern affairs, June 2011, “Capacity and Resolve: Foreign Assessments of U.S. Power,” http://csis.org/files/publication/110613_Cohen_CapacityResolve_Web.pdf 

      Whatever the actual cost, …actions and statements.

      That solves Iranian expansionism
      Lynch 11 (Marc, Non-Resident Senior Fellow at the Center for a New American Security, an Associate Professor of Political Science and Director of the Middle East Studies Program at George Washington University, and an editor for the Middle East Channel for ForeignPolicy.com, “ Upheaval U.S. Policy Toward Iran in a Changing Middle East,” Center for a New American Security, http://www.cnas.org/files/documents/publications/CNAS_Upheaval_Lynch_1.pdf)

      The Arab uprisings … and foreign policies. 

      That triggers Middle East war, collapse of hegemony and nuclear breakout
      Lindsay and Takeyh 10 (James M. Lindsay, Senior Vice President, Director of Studies, and Maurice R. Greenberg Chair at the Council on Foreign Relations, former Director for Global Issues and Multilateral Affairs at the National Security Council, Ph.D., M.Phil, M.A. Yale University, B.A. Economics and Political Science, University of Michigan; Ray Takeyh, Senior Fellow for Middle Eastern Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations, Adjunct Professor, Center for Peace and Security Studies, Georgetown University, Ph.D., Oxford University; “After Iran Gets the Bomb: Containment and its Complications,” Foreign Affairs, March/April 2010, http://theglobalconnectnetwork.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=187:after-iran-gets-the-bomb-containment-and-its-complications&catid=48:global-governanceforeign-policy)

      THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC of … its leverage in the region.

      Heg solves conflicts
      Zhang and Shi 11– *Yuhan Zhang is a researcher at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Washington, D.C.; Lin Shi is from Columbia University. She also serves as an independent consultant for the Eurasia Group and a consultant for the World Bank in Washington, D.C. (1/22, America’s decline: A harbinger of conflict and rivalry, http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2011/01/22/americas-decline-a-harbinger-of-conflict-and-rivalry/)

      This does not necessarily mean …of unrivalled US primacy.

      Middle East war goes nuclear
      Russell 9 (James A. Russell, Senior Lecturer, National Security Affairs, Naval Postgraduate School, ‘9 (Spring) “Strategic Stability Reconsidered: Prospects for Escalation and Nuclear War in the Middle East” IFRI, Proliferation Papers, #26, http://www.ifri.org/downloads/PP26_Russell_2009.pdf) 

      Strategic stability in the … the entire world. 

      Their defense is out-dated and overly optimistic
      Herbert I. London 10, President Emeritus of Hudson Institute, “The Coming Crisis in the Middle East”, June 23, http://www.hudson.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=publication_details&id=7101&pubType=HI_Opeds

      The gathering storm in the …a truly bad sign.

      Social Constructivism is bankrupt – default to the best, most rigorous empirical and scientific methodology
      Sokal 97 (Alan, professor of physics at New York University, “A Plea for Reason, Evidence and Logic”, New Politics 6(2), pp. 126-129 (Winter 1997)

      I didn't write the … true but incomplete).

      Disavowing the American ideal devastates progressivism and guarantees that their political goals will not be achieved.
      Rorty 94 Phd, Professor at Wellesley, Princeton, and UVA, (Richard, “The Unpatriotic Academy,” 2-13 http://www.nytimes.com/1994/02/13/opinion/the-unpatriotic-academy.html

      Most of us, despite … an object of contempt.



10/12/11
5

  • 1AC Kentucky - Oklahoma

    • Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:


    • PLAN 

      The United States federal government should substantially increase governance support for the Libyan National Transitional Council.

      ADVANTAGE 1 – TRANSITION
      Advantage 1 – Transition   

      Libya will collapse absent international support
      Margon 11 (Sarah Margon is the Associate Director for Sustainable Security at American Progress., 8/22, “Libya Will Still Need Help After Qaddafi’s Departure”, http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2011/08/libya_next_stage.html)

      The situation in Tripoli … as it was during. 

      Material resources solve instability – supports key institutions
      Serwer 11 (Daniel, professorial lecturer and senior fellow at the Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies and a scholar at the Middle East Institute, “ Post-Qaddafi Instability in Libya CPA Contingency Planning Memorandum No. 12,” August 2011, http://www.cfr.org/libya/post-qaddafi-instability-libya/p25612)

      The United States could …, rather than police. 

      Specific empirical evidence proves our model decreases violence
      Savun and Tirone 11 (Burcu Savun is Assistant Professor of Political Science, University of Pittsburgh,  Daniel C. Tirone is a Ph.D. Candidate in the Department of Political Science, University of Pittsburgh, “ Foreign Aid, Democratization, and Civil Conflict: How Does Democracy Aid Affect Civil Conflict,” American Journal of Political Science,” Volume 55, Issue 2, pages 233–246, April 2011)

      Scholars of intrastate conflict … phases of democratization. 

      Instability triggers massive oil shocks – that collapse the global economy
      Stelzer 11 (Irwin M., Contributing editor to The Weekly Standard, director of economic policy studies at the Hudson Institute, and a columnist for the Sunday Times (London), 3/7, “A Libyan Oil Shock?”, http://www.weeklystandard.com/articles/libyan-oil-shock_552544.html?page=2)

      But there is oil and … continuing need for oil. 

      Decline means regional instability escalates
      Michael Auslin and Desmond Lachman 9, resident scholars at the American Enterprise Institute, The Global Economy Unravels, March 6, http://www.aei.org/article/100187

      What do these … coalesce into a big bang.

      Economic cooperation and trade make life better and solve conflict – best consensus of falsifiable data
      Griswold 5
      – director of the Center for Trade Policy Studies at the Cato Institute (Daniel, “Peace on earth? Try free trade among men,” 12-29-2005, http://www.freetrade.org/node/282)  JMP

      Buried beneath the … its own peace dividend.

      PREEMPTS

      Lift is always valuable
      Torchia 2, Professor of Philosophy, Providence College, Phd in Philosophy, Fordham College (Joseph, “Postmodernism and the Persistent Vegetative State,” The National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly Summer 2002, Vol. 2, No. 2, http://www.lifeissues.net/writers/torc/torc_01postmodernismandpvs1.html) 

      Ultimately, Aquinas' theory … the person is.43 

      Util’s the only moral framework
      Murray 97 (Alastair, Professor of Politics at U. Of Wales-Swansea, Reconstructing Realism, p. 110)

      Weber emphasised that, … ethical judgements altogether'.13  

      IR scholarship is still informative and productive
      Keohane 98, Duke University, (Robert, “ Beyond Dichotomy: Conversations Between International Relations and Feminist Theory,”  International Studies Quarterly Volume 42, Issue 1, pages 193–197, March 1998, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/0020-8833.00076/pdf) 

       The second dichotomy—…, as well as constraining them.

      Social Constructivism is bankrupt – default to the best, most rigorous empirical and scientific methodology
      Sokal 97 (Alan, professor of physics at New York University, “A Plea for Reason, Evidence and Logic”, New Politics 6(2), pp. 126-129 (Winter 1997)

      I didn't write the … cases true but incomplete).

      Proposing reform doesn’t legitimize the state
      Mervyn Frost, U of Kent, 1996, Ethics in Int’l Relations, p. 90-1

      A first objection which …, representative government and so on.

      We can work within a dominant system and still resist
      Michel Foucault, 1980, Philosophy, Politics, and Culture, pg. 154

      FOUCAULT We must escape … the two things go together.

      Attempting to change the world is crucial to celebrating life. Refusing to try denies our own lives while condemning others to unnecessary suffering
      Todd May 5, prof @ Clemson. “To change the world, to celebrate life,” Philosophy & Social Criticism 2005 Vol 31 nos 5–6 pp. 517–531

      To change the world … up for you.  

      Ontology focus is infinitely regressive and un-falsifiable
      Owen 2 (David, professor of social and political philosophy and deputy director of the Centre for Philosophy and Value at the University of Southampton, “Re-orienting International Relations: On Pragmatism, Pluralism and Practical Reasoning”, Millennium - Journal of International Studies 2002 31: 653)

      The first danger with … vicious circle arises.

      Method focus causes endless paradigm wars
      Wendt, professor of international security – Ohio State University, ‘98
      (Alexander, “On Constitution and Causation in International Relations,” British International Studies Association) 

      As a community, … intolerant caricatures of science.

      There are pedagogical benefits to our framework – debating over hypothetical government issues we have no control over is key to testing ideas and IS a form of active praxis which can create social change. The alternative is docility.
      Susan D. Carle, Dec. 2005, “Theorizing Agency,” 55 Am. U.L. Rev. 307, p ln

      Precisely because he … disengagement and apathy. 287 



10/12/11
11 10/12/11
12

  • 2AC Terror Case Arguments

10/12/11
13

  • 2AC Credibility Case Arguments

    • Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:


    • KISS OF DEATH
      No kiss of death
      Husain, 1/26
      (Sr. Fellow-CFR, Egypt's Revolt and the American Model, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970203718504577178600154964904.html?mod=googlenews_wsj)

      Granted, it is … cries of freedom.

      No kiss of death
      Hamid 10/1 (Shadi, director of research at the Brookings Doha Center and a fellow at the Saban Center for Middle East Policy at the Brookings Institution, “Lessons of the Libya Intervention”, http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2011/08/lessons-of-the-libya-intervention/243922/)

      The reasons for … be most effective.

      Their evidence doesn’t assume the plan
      Vicenzino 10/22 (Marco Vicenzino heads Global Strategy Project, an international political risk and business advisory firm., 10/22/2011, “Libya: Now the hard part”, http://www.politico.com/news/stories/1011/66613.html)

      Before the U.S. … that operates transparently.

      2AC ISRAEL ALT CAUSE

      Israel isn’t key – their ev is western biased and lazy reporting
      Gray 8/15/11
      http://www.democracystandard.com/israel/middle-east-turmoil-is-not-the-same-old-story/
       Matthew Gray is a former teacher and freelance writer currently living in Bristol, England.  He is currently pursuing his MA in Conflict Resolution in Divided Societies at King’s College, London.  He has a PGCE in Religious Studies and Ethics from the University of Bristol and a BA in Philosophy from the University of Maryland, College Park. 

       Yet the article .. sweeping through the Middle East. 

      Doesn’t take out solvency
      Young 11 (Michael, Editor of the Daily Star newspaper in Beirut "Arab Spring gives US a new chance in the Middle East," 8/25, www.thenational.ae/thenationalconversation/comment/arab-spring-gives-us-a-new-chance-in-the-middle-east?pageCount=0

      Oddly enough, for …in thrilling flux.

      Domestic politics outweigh
      Roy 6/23/11
      http://www.newstatesman.com/religion/2011/06/arab-iran-saudi-israel-syria
      Olivier Roy is professor of social and political theory at the European University Institute in Florence. 

      The "neutrality" of the … Palestinian leadership. 

      We control trends
      Miller 11 (Pub. Policy Scholar-Woodrow Wilson Center, Summer, http://wilsonquarterly.com/article.cfm?AID=1967)

      One of the most … borders with Syria and Lebanon.

      ALT CAUSE
      Revolutions gave Obama a blank slate
      Saunders, 11
      (European bureau chief for The Globe and Mail. He writes a weekly column devoted to the larger themes and intellectual concepts behind international news, and has won the National Newspaper Award, Canada’s counterpart to the Pulitzer Prize, on four occasions, 2/5, http://dougsaunders.net/2011/02/obama-egypt-middle-eas/)

      This is Mr. … his ultimate test.

      AT: BAHRAIN ALT CAUSE
      Bahrain under the radar now—other issues outweigh
      Al-Ahmend, 11
      (Director-Institute for Gulf Affairs, Policy Brief: The Crisis in Bahrain, May, http://www.scribd.com/fullscreen/59873023?access_key=key-1c62rrj008vha0ut6sj9)

      In the conversation … media and US public opinion.

      2AC CRED KEY TO HEG
      Cred Key
      Tunç 8 – Hakan Tunç, Professor of Political Science at Carleton University, Fall 2008, “Reputation and U.S. Withdrawal from Iraq,” Orbis, Vol. 52, No. 4, p. 657-669

      Reputation can be … vindicate U.S. sacrifices.13

      2AC HEG DEFENSE
      Social science proves – multipolarity ensures conflict
      Wohlforth 9 – professor of government at Dartmouth (William, “Unipolarity, Status Competition, and Great Power War,” World Affairs, January, project muse)

      The upshot is … to be zero sum.9

      Best studies validate hegemonic stability theory – it is the proximate cause of peace
      Owen 11 John M. Owen Professor of Politics at University of Virginia PhD from Harvard "DON’T DISCOUNT HEGEMONY" Feb 11 www.cato-unbound.org/2011/02/11/john-owen/dont-discount-hegemony/

      Andrew Mack and his …democracy remains strong.

      You should choose not to believe their impacts – psychology privileges the argument that the world is getting worse – but it’s conclusively not
      Steven Pinker 11, professor of psychology at Harvard, The Better Angels of our Nature, October, googlebooks

      This book is about … with changing circumstances.

      2AC IRAN – PUBLIC DIPLOMACY KEY
      Public diplomacy is only internal to credibility – inevitable military drawdown
      Amitai Etzioni 11, professor of international relations at George Washington, “The Coming Test of U.S. Credibility”, March-April, http://icps.gwu.edu/files/2011/03/credibility.pdf

      The fact that the … its commitments overseas.

      2AC IRAN – ASIA ALLIANCES IMPACT
      US credibility against Iran key to Asian security alliances
      Michael Mazza 11, senior research associate in Asian Studies in the Foreign and Defense Policy Studies department at the American Enterprise Institute, “China-Iran Ties: Assessment and Implications for U.S. Policy”, April 21, http://www.irantracker.org/analysis/michael-mazza-china-iran-ties-assessment-and-implications-us-policy-april-21-2011

      The success or failure … credibility in the region.

      Nuclear war
      Campbell et al 8 (Kurt M, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs, Dr. Campbell served in several capacities in government, including as Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Asia and the Pacific, Director on theNational Security Council Staff, previously the Chief Executive Officer and co-founder of the Center for a New American Security (CNAS), served as Director of the Aspen Strategy Group and the Chairman of the Editorial Board of the Washington Quarterly, and was the founder and Principal of StratAsia, a strategic advisory company focused on Asia, rior to co-founding CNAS, he served as Senior Vice President, Director of the International Security Program, and the Henry A. Kissinger Chair in National Security Policy at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, doctorate in International Relation Theory from Oxford, former associate professor of public policy and international relations at the John F. Kennedy School of Government and Assistant Director of the Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard University, member of Council on Foreign Relations and  International Institute for Strategic Studies, “The Power of Balance: America in iAsia” June 2008, http://www.cnas.org/files/documents/publications/CampbellPatelSingh_iAsia_June08.pdf)

      Asian investment is also at … or poor decision-making.



10/12/11
14

  • 2AC Addons

    • Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:


    • 2AC NUKE TERROR ADDON

      US is key – solves a nuke terror lashout
      Reagan 11 (Board Member-The John Douglas French Alzheimer's Foundation & Best-Selling Author,  Reagan.http://patriotpost.us/opinion/michael-reagan/2011/08/25/united-states-must-lead-in-libya/)

      With approximately 135 … conflict and chaos."

      Nuclear war
      Ayson 10, Robert Ayson, Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington, 2010 (“After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects,” Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, Volume 33, Issue 7, July, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via InformaWorld)

      But these two nuclear worlds—a … with a devastating response.

      2AC AL-QAEDA ADDON – NEW
      Plan ends al-Qaeda
      Zarate and Gordon summer 11
       Juan C. Zarate is a Senior Adviser at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) and the former Deputy National Security Advisor for Combating Terrorism (2005— 2009). He can be reached at jzarate@csis.org. David A. Gordon is the Program Manager and a Research Assistant with the CSIS Transnational Threats Project. He can be reached at dgordon@csis.org. Both are working on a year-long CSIS study on the future of al-Qaeda and its associated movements  
       Copyright # 2011 Center for Strategic and International Studies
      The Washington Quarterly • 34:3 pp. 103 122
      DOI: 10.1080/0163660X.2011.588305 

      Though the United States …of the long war.

      Nuclear war
      Ayson 10, Robert Ayson, Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington, 2010 (“After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects,” Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, Volume 33, Issue 7, July, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via InformaWorld)

      But these two nuclear worlds… a devastating response.
      2AC NATO ADDON
      Plan is key to prevent NATO collapse
      Bolton 11 (John R. Bolton is a resident fellow at the American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research and former U.S. Permanent Representative to the United Nations, “Obama's Libya Missteps Imperil NATO's Future”, August 1, 2011, http://www.aei.org/article/103935)

      The collapse of NATO's …" in Libya has ended. 

      Extinction
      Daalder 11 (Ivan, U.S. Permanent Representative on the Council of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 6/17, “Who Needs NATO? We All Do”, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/18/opinion/18iht-eddaalder.html)

       “Who needs NATO?...to secure a peace.

      2AC RUSSIA ADDON
      American leadership on Libya crucial to deter Russia and prolif.
      Bolton 11 (John, Resident Fellow-AEI, 7/21, http://www.aei.org/article/103894)

      Russia today is a … even broader proliferation.

      Extinction
      Arbatov 7 (Alexei, Ph.D., fellow, Russian Academy of Sciences, fmr. Deputy Chair, Duma Defense Committee, September 2007. Russia in Global Affairs (2), Is a New Cold War Imminent? P. http://eng.globalaffairs.ru/numbers/20/1130.html)

      Other “centers of power” … or several major capitals of the world.

      MANPADS – ECON
      Wrecks the global economy
      Christian Science Monitor 12/9/11
      http://www.csmonitor.com/Business/new-economy/2011/1209/Libya-s-missing-missiles-a-threat-to-US-airline-passengers

       How many of Libya’s …to pre-9/11 levels. 



10/12/11
15

  • 2AC T-Goverance

    • Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:


    • Democratic governance means we are T
      Burnell 2k (Peter is Professor of Politics in the Department of Politics and International Studies, University of Warwick, UK. He is the author or editor of thirteen books, and has authored over 35 articles and many book chapters on democratisation, the political economy of foreign aid, and politics in Zambia. He is founding editor of the journal Democratization., Democracy Assistance: International Co-operation for Democratization 17-8)

      In principle democracy … Assistance Committee's terms.

      C/I – Democracy assistance is rule of law civil society, elections and governance.
      McMahon 2 (Edward, Director, Center on Democratic Performance Department of Political Science, Binghamton University, “Assessing USAID’s Assistance for Democratic Development: Quantity Versus Quality?”  published in the Winter 2001 edition of Evaluation, Updated in February, http://cdp.binghamton.edu/papers/usaid-apsa-full.html)  

      The concept of …institutions and processes.



10/12/11
16

  • 2AC EU CP

10/12/11
17

  • 2AC Turkey CP

    • Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:


    • The plan independently solves iran – US action is key
      Singh 11 (Managing Director-The Washington Institute, 8/31/11, http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/templateC06.php?CID=1706)

      The disadvantages, however, are equally …deeply troubling implications.

      No internal link to Turkish soft power
      Grunstein 11
      Judah, “Turkey and the Arab Spring”, World Politics Review's editor-in-chief. His coverage of French politics, foreign policy and national security has appeared in World Politics Review, the American Prospect online, French Politics, the Small Wars Journal and Foreign Policy online
      http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/trend-lines/8764/turkey-and-the-arab-spring

       Moreover, and supporting … is behind it

      No risk of Balkan escalation
      Ivan Eland, director of defense policy studies at the Cato Institute, May 3, ‘99, Cato Daily Commentary, “The War against Serbia: Illusion Versus Reality,” http://www.cato.org/cgi-bin/scripts/printtech.cgi/dailys/05-03-99.html

      Those perceived interests … to American vital interests.

      No risk of Balkans escalation – Russia won’t intervene
      Ivan Eland, director of defense policy studies at the Cato Institute, April 28, ‘99, Cato Daily Commentary, “Kosovo Intervention Highlights European Free Riding,” http://www.cato.org/cgi-bin/scripts/printtech.cgi/dailys/04-28-99.html

      But Kosovo presents …. even if it wanted to.

      Kosovo will contain
      Bourge 3
      [REPORT TIES BALKAN STABILITY TO KOSOVO STATUS By Christian Bourge UNITED PRESS INTERNATIONAL Washington Times June 1, 2003]

      The pursuit of … the international community.



10/12/11
18

  • 2AC NED CP

    • Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:


    • 1) Doesn’t solve Iran – they will expand if they think that the US isn’t committed – that’s Alterman – gov to gov is key
      Wittes 8
      [Tamara Cofman Wittes directs the Middle East Democracy and Development (MEDD) Project at the Saban Center for Middle East Policy, a regional policy center at The Brookings Institution. The MEDD Project conducts research into political and economic reform in the region and US efforts to promote democracy there, Freedom’s Unstead March: America’s Role in Building Arab Democracy,]

      Despite the failings … need diplomatic backup. 

      2) Privatized aid fails and undermines US credibility
      Dobransky, 11
      (Adjunct Professor-Poli Sci-Cleveland State University, http://www.unc.edu/depts/diplomat/item/2011/0104/comm/dobransky_coming.html)

      The argument against …. contractor Blackwater (now, Xe).

      4) Can’t solve expertise – federal assistance is key – that’s Vandewalle – otherwise corruption kills solvency
      Choksy and Choksy, 11
      [ Jamsheed K. Choksy is professor of Central Eurasian, International, and Islamic studies and former director of the Middle Eastern Studies Program at Indiana University. He is also a member of the National Council on the Humanities at the U.S. National Endowment for the Humanities.
      Carol E. B. Choksy is adjunct lecturer in Strategic Intelligence and Information Management at Indiana University. She also is CEO of IRAD Strategic Consulting, Inc. “ Libya’s Rebel Leaders and Western Assistance,” Small Wars Journal, March 27, 2011, http://smallwarsjournal.com/jrnl/art/libyas-rebel-leaders-and-western-assistance]

       Yet there can be … and valued partner. 

      6) Obama key to signal
      Lina Khatib 11, Program Manager at the Center on Democracy, Development, and the Rule of Law at Stanford University, “The Arab Spring Casts Obama as United States Public Diplomacy Messenger”, August 25, http://uscpublicdiplomacy.org/index.php/newswire/cpdblog_detail/the_arab_spring_casts_obama_as_united_states_public_diplomacy_messenger/

      Why is it that … the Arab world.



10/12/11
20 10/12/11
21

  • 2AC Caucuses DA

    • Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:


    • American leadership on Libya crucial to deter Russia and prolif.
      Bolton 11 (John, Resident Fellow-AEI, 7/21, http://www.aei.org/article/103894)

      Russia today is a … even broader proliferation.

      Zero risk of Russian war
      Graham 7 (Thomas Graham, senior advisor on Russia in the US National Security Council staff 2002-2007, 2007, "Russia in Global Affairs” The Dialectics of Strength and Weakness http://eng.globalaffairs.ru/numbers/20/1129.html)

      An astute historian of … long-term relations with Russia.

      America would survive unscathed
      Sharavin 7 (Alexander Sharavin, Director of the Institute of Political and Military Analysis, 2007.  Defense and Security, “Will America Fight Russia?” p. Lexis)

      The United States may count …will escape the war unscathed.

      Conflicts will never go nuclear
      Ivashov 7 (Colonel General Leonid Ivashov, President of the Academy of Geopolitical Problems, 2007.  Defense and Security, “Will America Fight Russia?” p. Lexis)

      Numerous scenarios and … negotiations into motion.



10/12/11
22

  • 2AC SKFTA

    • Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:


    • GENERIC POLITICS
      No link the plan doesn’t cost much and its preallocated
      Emery 11 (Theo, Boston Globe Staff, 8/23, “Congress could resist additional aid to Libya”, http://www.boston.com/Boston/politicalintelligence/2011/08/congress-could-resist-additional-aid-libya/DMmIHbENjJ0A6QBAednf0M/index.html) 

      Foreign policy experts … fund it,” he said. 

      The plan is popular
      Margon 11 (Sarah Margon is the Associate Director for Sustainable Security at American Progress., 8/22, “Libya Will Still Need Help After Qaddafi’s Departure”, http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2011/08/libya_next_stage.html)

      Going forward, the … afford to do it any other way. 

      Polcap isn’t key
      Dickinson 9 (Matthew, professor of political science at Middlebury College and taught previously at Harvard University where he worked under the supervision of presidential scholar Richard Neustadt 5/26,  Presidential Power: A NonPartisan Analysis of Presidential Politics, “Sotomayor, Obama and Presidential Power,” http://blogs.middlebury.edu/presidentialpower/2009/05/26/sotamayor-obama-and-presidential-power/)

      As for Sotomayor, … III on his Xbox.  

      Specifically true for skfta
      Godfrey, Tax News, 9/30/’11
      (Mike, http://www.tax-news.com/news/Republican_Senators_Urge_Obama_to_Send_FTAs_To_Congress____51717.html)

      The Republican Party had …both houses of Congress.”

      Winner’s Win
      Green 10 [professor of political science at Hofstra University (David Michael Green, 6/11/10, " The Do-Nothing 44th President ", http://www.opednews.com/articles/The-Do-Nothing-44th-Presid-by-David-Michael-Gree-100611-648.html]

      Moreover, there is a … what they did.

      1AR POLITICAL CAPITAL NOT KEY
      This is true for SKFTA – the GOP ideologically supports trade
      Cohen 4/21 (Richard E., Politico, “Liberals pitted against W.H. on trade”, Lexis)

      Not coincidentally, mostly … on the trade deals. 

      Presidential leadership’s irrelevant – institutional constraints determine policymaking
      Jacobs and King 10, University of Minnesota, Nuffield College, (Lawrence and Desmond, “Varieties of Obamaism: Structure, Agency, and the Obama Presidency,”  Perspectives on Politics (2010), 8: 793-802)  

       But personality is not a …go only so far.

      Obama doesn’t know how to use political capital
      Newsweek 10, (“ Learning from LBJ,” 3-25, http://www.newsweek.com/2010/03/25/learning-from-lbj.html)  

       It's called "the …a big conflict inevitable."

      AT: RELATIONS IMPACT
      Trade doesn’t help the alliance – best academic research goes aff
      Lee and Kim 10,  Phd, assistant professor at the Department of Political Science and International Relations, Korea University * Research Fellow at the Asiatic Research Institute, MA in Political Science (Dong and Sung, “ Ties That Bind? Assessing the Impact of Economic Interdependence on East Asian Alliances,” East Asia Institute, Security Initiative, Working Paper No. 3, http://www.eai.or.kr/data/bbs/eng_report/201002251819214.pdf) 

       There exists a widely … power—to a marked extent. 

      Not key to the strategic relationship
      AFP 11 (Agence France Presse, Shaun Tandon, 4/19/2011, “Keen to boost S.Korea, US prioritizes trade”, Factiva)

      Clyde Prestowitz, a trade … so," he said.

      No empirical support
      Lee and Kim 10,  Phd, assistant professor at the Department of Political Science and International Relations, Korea University (Dong and Sung, “ Ties That Bind? Assessing the Impact of Economic Interdependence on East Asian Alliances,” East Asia Institute, Security Initiative, Working Paper No. 3, http://www.eai.or.kr/data/bbs/eng_report/201002251819214.pdf) 

       Table 1 summarizes the findings of …shape asymmetrical alliances. 

      Zero positive impact on the alliance
      Lee and Kim 10,  Phd, assistant professor at the Department of Political Science and International Relations, Korea University (Dong and Sung, “ Ties That Bind? Assessing the Impact of Economic Interdependence on East Asian Alliances,” East Asia Institute, Security Initiative, Working Paper No. 3, http://www.eai.or.kr/data/bbs/eng_report/201002251819214.pdf) 

       In the long run, however, … enduring security alliance. 

      AT: KOREA WAR
      North Korea won’t denuclearize
      Wit 10 (Joel Wit, visiting fellow at the U.S.-Korea Institute at the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies at Johns Hopkins University, senior research fellow at the Weatherhead East Asia Institute at Columbia, and former State Department official who worked on U.S. policy towards North Korea from 1993 to 2002, February 2010.)

      On the other hand, … in the short-run are bleak.

      No risk of Korean war
      Bandow 10 (Doug, Senior Fellow at Cato, 6/9, “Confronting North Korea: Who’s in charge?”, http://dailycaller.com/2010/06/09/confronting-north-korea-whos-in-charge/)

      Hostile rhetoric has … in this life, not the next. 

      War will remain small scale – empirics.
      Lankov 10 (Andrei, Professor at Kookmin University in Seoul and the author of several books on North Korean history and politics., 12/16, “How to Stop the Next Korean War,” http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2010/12/16/how_to_stop_the_next_korean_war?page=0,1)

      Yes, it's far more … as will we all. 

      South Korea won’t initiate.
      Lee 10 (Peter, Writer on East and South Asian affairs and their intersection with US foreign policy, 12/13, “The most dangerous man in Korea”, http://atimes.com/atimes/Korea/LL23Dg02.html)

      The Yeonpyeong shelling, …will begin, but hedged politely.

      No impact – North Korea’s nuclear capability is small
      Layton 10 (Julia, B.A. in English literature from Duke University and a M.F.A. in creative writing from the University of Miami, 7/18, “Is North Korea equipped to attack the United States?”, http://science.howstuffworks.com/north-korea-threat.htm)

      On October 11, 2006, the … question at this point in time. 

      AT: ECON IMPACT

      KORUS isn’t key to the economy - governmental studies prove
      Chan 10 (Sewell, NYT, 12/7, "Few New Jobs Expected Soon From Free-Trade Agreement With South Korea," http://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/08/business/global/08korea.html?_r=1&pagewanted=print)

      WASHINGTON — The revised … with South Korea.
      AT: TRADE IMPACT
      Korus won’t lead to progress on trade
      Bown 7 [Chad P., Associate Professor Economics and International Business – Brandeis U. and Non-Resident Fellow at Brookings Institution Washington Post, 4-13, Lexis]

      The KORUS-FTA is also .. in the long run.



10/12/11
25

  • 2AC Orientalism K

    • Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:


    • Reality outweighs representations
      Wendt, 1999
      Alexander Wendt, Professor of International Security at Ohio State University, 1999, “Social theory of international politics,” gbooks

      The effects of holding a …, extra-linguistic world.

      Our predictions are good enough – they set the bar too high
      Chernoff 9 (Fred, Prof. IR and Dir. IR – Colgate U., European Journal of International Relations, “Conventionalism as an Adequate Basis for Policy-Relevant IR Theory”, 15:1, Sage)

      For these and other … the foregoing discussion.

      Libya is the exception to the western orientalist narrative
      Achar 11 (Gilbert Achcar grew up in Lebanon, and is currently Professor at the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) of the University of London. His books include The Clash of Barbarisms: The Making of the New World Disorder, published in 13 languages, Perilous Power: The Middle East and U.S. Foreign Policy, co-authored with Noam Chomsky, and most recently The Arabs and the Holocaust: The Arab-Israeli War of Narratives , March 25, 2011, “ Libya: a legitimate and necessary debate from an anti-imperialist perspective,” Le Monde Diplomatique)

      The debate on the Libyan … a plausible alternative. 

      Reps focus dooms change in the region
      Valbjørn 4 [Morten, PhD Poli. Sci. @ Aarhus, “Culture Blind and Culture Blinded: Images of Middle Eastern Conflicts in International Relations,” in Middle East and Palestine: Global Politics and Regional Conflict, p. 67-8]

      As mentioned before, the … offering attractive answers.

      No impact
      Mandelbaum 11 (Michael Mandelbaum, A. Herter Professor of American Foreign Policy, the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, Washington DC; and Director, Project on East-West Relations, Council on Foreign Relations, “CFR 90th Anniversary Series on Renewing America: American Power and Profligacy,” Jan 2011) http://www.cfr.org/publication/23828/cfr_90th_anniversary_series_on_renewing_america.html?cid=rss-fullfeed-cfr_90th_anniversary_series_on-011811&utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed:+cfr_main+(CFR.org+-+Main+Site+Feed)

      MANDELBAUM:  I think it … has come to an end.



10/12/11
26

  • 2AC Superpower Syndrome K

    • Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:


    • Psychoanalysis can’t explain the world – non-falsifiable, and ignores causal mid-level analysis
      Robinson 5,  PhD in political theory at the University of Nottingham, (Andrew, “ The Political Theory of Constitutive Lack: A Critique,” Theory and Event, 8:1, Project Muse) 

      More precisely, I … repetition of the same.

      Their superpower syndrome impact is totalizing – ignores positive uses of power
      Reus-Smit 4 (Christian, IR @ Australian Nat’l, American Power and World Order p.  109-115)

      The final ethical … might is never right. 

      Libya is the exception to the western imperialist narrative
      Achar 11 (Gilbert Achcar grew up in Lebanon, and is currently Professor at the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) of the University of London. His books include The Clash of Barbarisms: The Making of the New World Disorder, published in 13 languages, Perilous Power: The Middle East and U.S. Foreign Policy, co-authored with Noam Chomsky, and most recently The Arabs and the Holocaust: The Arab-Israeli War of Narratives , March 25, 2011, “ Libya: a legitimate and necessary debate from an anti-imperialist perspective,” Le Monde Diplomatique)

      The debate on the …a plausible alternative. 

      No backlash to the plan – empirics prove assistance works
      Haas 11 (Lawrence J., 9/8, Senior Fellow for U.S. Foreign Policy at the American Foreign Policy Council, http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2011/09/08/v-print/123482/the-stakes-are-far-too-high-for.html)

      America cannot dictate …, it surely should try. 

      It’s possible to promote democracy divorced from imperial designs
      LARBI SADIKI Senior Lecturer in Middle East Politics at the University of Exeter, 2009 OXFORD STUDIES IN DEMOCRATIZATION “RETHINKING ARAB DEMOCRATIZATION: ELECTIONS WITHOUT DEMOCRACY” Series editor: Laurence Whitehead

      The United States in … novo’, he adds.36

      The alt causes violence and exclusion
      Thede 11 (Nancy, Professor of international relations and international development – University du Quebec, “Democratic agency in the local political sphere. Reflections on inclusion in Bolivia,” Democratization, 18:1, p. 211 – 235)

      The opening of … out amongst them.



10/12/11
6

  • West Georgia Aff - GSU

    • Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:


    • 2AC
      Case
      Libya is the exception to the western imperialist narrative
      Achar 11 (Gilbert Achcar grew up in Lebanon, and is currently Professor at the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) of the University of London. His books include The Clash of Barbarisms: The Making of the New World Disorder, published in 13 languages, Perilous Power: The Middle East and U.S. Foreign Policy, co-authored with Noam Chomsky, and most recently The Arabs and the Holocaust: The Arab-Israeli War of Narratives , March 25, 2011, “ Libya: a legitimate and necessary debate from an anti-imperialist perspective,” Le Monde Diplomatique)

      The debate on the … not a plausible alternative. 

      Disengagement leads to political violence and destroys Mid East movements
      Thede 11 (Nancy, Professor of international relations and international development – University du Quebec, “Democratic agency in the local political sphere. Reflections on inclusion in Bolivia,” Democratization, 18:1, p. 211 – 235)

      The opening of … carried out amongst them.

      Framework
      Engaging the government is key to meaningful change – abstract theorizing divorces academics from policymakers and causes serial failure in the region
      Lockman, Chair – Department of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies @ NYU, Spring ‘5
      (Zachary, “Critique from the Right: The Neo-conservative Assault on Middle East Studies,” The New Centennial Review 5.1, Muse)

      Scholars and the … denounced, kidnapped, or worse.

      Their framework fails in a vacuum – revolutionary disengagement from the state collapses into intellectual stylistics without any material impact
      Kramer, Ph.D., Near Eastern Studies – Princeton, senior fellow – Olin Institute for Strategic Studies @ Harvard, ‘11
      (Martin, “Rules of Engagement,” http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/pubPDFs/PolicyFocus113.pdf)

      This review process … them by the state.

      Agonism
      Establishing a FIRST principle of anti-racism undermines agonism – struggle must construct a CHAIN OF EQUIVALENCES
      JAC 7
      http://lilt.ilstu.edu/theory/authors/mouffe.htm
      citing MOUFFE -  Chantal Mouffe (born 1943 in Charleroi, Belgium) is a Belgian political theorist. She holds a professorship at the Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Westminster in the United Kingdom. She is best known as co-author of Hegemony and Socialist Strategy with Ernesto Laclau. Their thoughts are usually described as post-Marxism as they were both politically active in the social and student movements of the 1960s including working class and new social movements (notably second-wave feminism in Mouffe's case). They rejected Marxist economic determinism and the notion of class struggle being the single crucial antagonism in society. Instead they urged for radical democracy of agonistic pluralism where all antagonisms could be expressed. In their opinion, ‘...there is no possibility of society without antagonism’; indeed, without the forces that articulate a vision of society, it could not exist. 

       Given this sense of “… continually put in question

      DEMOCRATIC engagement through debate is good – even if some components of the system are flawed politics should aim for agonistic engagement instead of antagonistic elimination
      GLOVER 8
      Glover, Robert. "Scattergories: Towards an Agonistic Critique of the Re-Categorization of American Citizenship in a Globalized Era" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the APSA 2008 Annual Meeting, Hynes Convention Center, Boston, Massachusetts, Aug 28, 2008 <Not Available>. 2011-03-11 http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p278147_index.html Ph.D. Candidate, Political Science, University of Connecticut Primary Fields: Political Theory, International Relations Dissertation Title: Citizenship Unhinged—Exploring the Potential of Agonistic Citizenship, Ph.D. Projected Completion Spring of 2010.

       Agonistic pluralism, or … bliss with one another. 

      Attempting to banish exclusion is the root of all violence
      Hatab, 02
      (Lawrence J. Professor of Philosophy at Old Dominion University 2002 Prospects for a Democratic Agon Why We can still be Nietzscheans: The Journal of Nietzsche p.MUSE)

      How can we begin …in democratic politics.

      Perm
      Setting the goal of the alternative as ending America and white supremacy entirely is politically ineffective-reforming whiteness to resolve the impacts of oppression is better
      Sullivan 8 – Shannon Sullivan, Head of Philosophy and Professor of Philosophy, Women's Studies, and African and African American Studies at Pennsylvania State University, Spring 2008, “Whiteness as Wise Provincialism: Royce and the Rehabilitation of a Racial Category,” Transactions of the Charles S. Peirce Society: A Quarterly Journal in American Philosophy, Vol. 44, No. 2

       It is commonly … as an anti-racist category. 

      Racial constructions are inevitable – means the alt only conceals the underlying structures of whiteness
      Sullivan 8 – Shannon Sullivan, Head of Philosophy and Professor of Philosophy, Women's Studies, and African and African American Studies at Pennsylvania State University, Spring 2008, “Whiteness as Wise Provincialism: Royce and the Rehabilitation of a Racial Category,” Transactions of the Charles S. Peirce Society: A Quarterly Journal in American Philosophy, Vol. 44, No. 2

       While much more … can help them begin to figure out an answer. 

      Alt cedes whiteness to White Supremacists  
      Sullivan 8 – Shannon Sullivan, Head of Philosophy and Professor of Philosophy, Women's Studies, and African and African American Studies at Pennsylvania State University, Spring 2008, “Whiteness as Wise Provincialism: Royce and the Rehabilitation of a Racial Category,” Transactions of the Charles S. Peirce Society: A Quarterly Journal in American Philosophy, Vol. 44, No. 2

       In a similar fashion, … in anti-racist ways.18 

      Their links are reductionist – it’s possible to promote democracy divorced from imperial designs – this is prior to analysis of discourse and method
      LARBI SADIKI Senior Lecturer in Middle East Politics at the University of Exeter, 2009 OXFORD STUDIES IN DEMOCRATIZATION “RETHINKING ARAB DEMOCRATIZATION: ELECTIONS WITHOUT DEMOCRACY” Series editor: Laurence Whitehead

      The United States in the … ‘analogy or de novo’, he adds.36

      Mutual exclusivity ensures authoritarian takeover
      David Mathieson and, Associate Fellow at FRIDE. He holds a doctorate from the University of London, Richard Youngs 6, Co-ordinator of the Democratisation programme at FRIDE, and lecturer at the University of Warwick, “Democracy Promotion and the European Left: Ambivalence Confused?”, December, working paper 29 at FRIDE

      Third, on the question …spread of liberalism.34


      Rev fails

      Alt fails and causes genocidal backlash
      Emery 7, Phd, (Kathy, “ The Limits of Violent Resistance,”  For the Western Edition, August 27, 2007 http://www.educationanddemocracy.org/Emery/westernedition/Sept07WestEd.pdf) 

      The August 15th editorial …suicidal Pickett’s Charge, if you will. 

      Their rev gets crushed
      Flaherty 5
      http://cryptogon.com/docs/pirate_insurgency.html
      USC BA in International Relations, researcher in political affairs, activist and organic farmer in New Zealand

       In order to understand the national security implications of militant electronic piracy, an examination of conventional insurgency against the American Corporate State is necessary.

      THE NATURE OF ARMED INSURGENCY …or executed. The ACS wins again.  

      Not Root Cause

      Whiteness overtheorizes and underexplains violence – best historical analysis goes aff
      Kolchin 2, Professor of History at Delaware University, (Peter, “ Whiteness Studies: The New History of Race in America,”  The Journal of American History, Vol. 89, No. 1 (Jun., 2002), pp. 154-173, JSTOR) 

       The central question one …ideology and behavior.28 

      No empirical basis for Whiteness research – all of this evidence is in the context of immigration
      Arnesen 1, University of Illinois at Chicago, (Eric, “ Whiteness and the Historians' Imagination,”  International Labor and Working-Class History, No. 60 (Fall, 2001), pp. 3-32, JSTOR) 

      To a large degree, …. making them "white." 

      We control uniqueness – violence declining because of Western civilization and growth
      Pinker, Prof Psychology – Harvard, 3/19/‘7
      (Steven, “A HISTORY OF VIOLENCE,” The New Republic)

      In the decade of … coups, and deadly ethnic riots.

      Epistemology
      Building epistemology around broad claims over specific instances leads to political deadlock and the worst possible outcomes
      Wendt, professor of international security – Ohio State University, ‘98
      (Alexander, “On Constitution and Causation in International Relations,” British International Studies Association) 

      As a community, … caricatures of science.

      Predictions are good – the alternative is reliance on faulty preconceptions.
      Fitzsimmons 7 (Michael, “The Problem of Uncertainty in Strategic Planning”, Survival, Winter 06/07)

      But handling even this … understood by the decision-makers themselves. 

      Our predictions are good enough – they set the bar too high
      Chernoff 9 (Fred, Prof. IR and Dir. IR – Colgate U., European Journal of International Relations, “Conventionalism as an Adequate Basis for Policy-Relevant IR Theory”, 15:1, Sage)

      For these and other … the foregoing discussion.

      Positivism is best - focus on epistemology dooms effective change
      Houghton 8  Associate Professor of International Relations Theory at the University of Central Florida (David Patrick, Positivism ‘vs’ Postmodernism: Does Epistemology Make a Difference? International Politics (2008) 45 )

      As long ago as 1981, … relations scene today.

      1AR
      Their rev gets crushed
      Flaherty 5
      http://cryptogon.com/docs/pirate_insurgency.html
      USC BA in International Relations, researcher in political affairs, activist and organic farmer in New Zealand

       In order to understand the national security implications of militant electronic piracy, an examination of conventional insurgency against the American Corporate State is necessary.

      THE NATURE OF ARMED … The ACS wins again. 

      White supremacy isn’t a monolithic system of subordination-it’s fractured and not responsible for every impact ever like they claim it is
      Winant 97 – Howard Winant, Professor of Sociology and Director of the Center for New racial Studies at UC Santa Barbara, September-October 1997, “Behind Blue Eyes: Contemporary White Racial Politics,” online: http://www.soc.ucsb.edu/faculty/winant/whitness.html

      So, monolithic white … described as white racial dualism.[1]



10/12/11
7

  • Towson Aff - Kentucky

    • Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:


    • Case
      The world is empirically less violent with US primacy
      Drezner 5 [Daniel, Gregg Easterbrook, Associate Professor of International Politics at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University, “War, and the dangers of extrapolation,” may 25]

      Daily explosions in Iraq, … be equally daunting.

      Libya is the exception to the western imperialist narrative
      Achar 11 (Gilbert Achcar grew up in Lebanon, and is currently Professor at the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) of the University of London. His books include The Clash of Barbarisms: The Making of the New World Disorder, published in 13 languages, Perilous Power: The Middle East and U.S. Foreign Policy, co-authored with Noam Chomsky, and most recently The Arabs and the Holocaust: The Arab-Israeli War of Narratives , March 25, 2011, “ Libya: a legitimate and necessary debate from an anti-imperialist perspective,” Le Monde Diplomatique)

      The debate on the Libyan … a plausible alternative. 

      Disengagement leads to political violence and destroys Mid East movements
      Thede 11 (Nancy, Professor of international relations and international development – University du Quebec, “Democratic agency in the local political sphere. Reflections on inclusion in Bolivia,” Democratization, 18:1, p. 211 – 235)

      The opening of the … negotiations carried out amongst them.

      Framework
      There are pedagogical benefits to our framework – debating over hypothetical government issues we have no control over is key to testing ideas and IS a form of active praxis which can create social change. The alternative is docility.
      Carle 5 (Susan D. Carle, Dec. 2005, “Theorizing Agency,” 55 Am. U.L. Rev. 307, p ln)

      Precisely because he … political disengagement and apathy. 287

      Engaging the government is key to meaningful change – abstract theorizing divorces academics from policymakers and causes serial failure in the region
      Lockman, Chair – Department of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies @ NYU, Spring ‘5
      (Zachary, “Critique from the Right: The Neo-conservative Assault on Middle East Studies,” The New Centennial Review 5.1, Muse)

      Scholars and the … others denounced, kidnapped, or worse.

      Their framework fails in a vacuum – revolutionary disengagement from the state collapses into intellectual stylistics without any material impact
      Kramer, Ph.D., Near Eastern Studies – Princeton, senior fellow – Olin Institute for Strategic Studies @ Harvard, ‘11
      (Martin, “Rules of Engagement,” http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/pubPDFs/PolicyFocus113.pdf)

      This review process … before them by the state.

      Abandoning the ideal of the nation cedes control of foreign policy to the hard right
      Brubaker 4, Department of Sociology, UCLA, (Rogers, "In the Name of the Nation: Reflections on Nationalism and Patriotism," Citizenship Studies, Vol. 8, No. 2, June 2004, 115–127, www.sailorstraining.eu/admin/download/b28.pdf) 

      Finally, what about the … to the dustbin of history. 

      Agonism

      Establishing a FIRST principle of anti-racism undermines agonism – struggle must construct a CHAIN OF EQUIVALENCES
      JAC 7
      http://lilt.ilstu.edu/theory/authors/mouffe.htm
      citing MOUFFE -  Chantal Mouffe (born 1943 in Charleroi, Belgium) is a Belgian political theorist. She holds a professorship at the Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Westminster in the United Kingdom. She is best known as co-author of Hegemony and Socialist Strategy with Ernesto Laclau. Their thoughts are usually described as post-Marxism as they were both politically active in the social and student movements of the 1960s including working class and new social movements (notably second-wave feminism in Mouffe's case). They rejected Marxist economic determinism and the notion of class struggle being the single crucial antagonism in society. Instead they urged for radical democracy of agonistic pluralism where all antagonisms could be expressed. In their opinion, ‘...there is no possibility of society without antagonism’; indeed, without the forces that articulate a vision of society, it could not exist. 

       Given this sense of “… continually put in question

      DEMOCRATIC engagement through debate is good – even if some components of the system are flawed politics should aim for agonistic engagement instead of antagonistic elimination
      GLOVER 8
      Glover, Robert. "Scattergories: Towards an Agonistic Critique of the Re-Categorization of American Citizenship in a Globalized Era" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the APSA 2008 Annual Meeting, Hynes Convention Center, Boston, Massachusetts, Aug 28, 2008 <Not Available>. 2011-03-11 http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p278147_index.html Ph.D. Candidate, Political Science, University of Connecticut Primary Fields: Political Theory, International Relations Dissertation Title: Citizenship Unhinged—Exploring the Potential of Agonistic Citizenship, Ph.D. Projected Completion Spring of 2010.

       Agonistic pluralism, or … bliss with one another. 

      Attempting to banish exclusion is the root of all violence
      Hatab, 02
      (Lawrence J. Professor of Philosophy at Old Dominion University 2002 Prospects for a Democratic Agon Why We can still be Nietzscheans: The Journal of Nietzsche p.MUSE)

      How can we begin …in democratic politics.

      Perm
      Responsibility for government policy can effectively reform America
      Brubaker 4, Department of Sociology, UCLA, (Rogers, "In the Name of the Nation: Reflectionson Nationalism and Patriotism," Citizenship Studies, Vol. 8, No. 2, June 2004, 115–127, www.sailorstraining.eu/admin/download/b28.pdf) 

       The second strand of the normative … integration of immigrants.

      Setting the goal of the alternative as ending America and white supremacy entirely is politically ineffective-reforming whiteness to resolve the impacts of oppression is better
      Sullivan 8 – Shannon Sullivan, Head of Philosophy and Professor of Philosophy, Women's Studies, and African and African American Studies at Pennsylvania State University, Spring 2008, “Whiteness as Wise Provincialism: Royce and the Rehabilitation of a Racial Category,” Transactions of the Charles S. Peirce Society: A Quarterly Journal in American Philosophy, Vol. 44, No. 2

       It is commonly … as an anti-racist category. 

      Racial constructions are inevitable – means the alt only conceals the underlying structures of whiteness
      Sullivan 8 – Shannon Sullivan, Head of Philosophy and Professor of Philosophy, Women's Studies, and African and African American Studies at Pennsylvania State University, Spring 2008, “Whiteness as Wise Provincialism: Royce and the Rehabilitation of a Racial Category,” Transactions of the Charles S. Peirce Society: A Quarterly Journal in American Philosophy, Vol. 44, No. 2

       While much more … can help them begin to figure out an answer. 

      Alt cedes whiteness to White Supremacists  
      Sullivan 8 – Shannon Sullivan, Head of Philosophy and Professor of Philosophy, Women's Studies, and African and African American Studies at Pennsylvania State University, Spring 2008, “Whiteness as Wise Provincialism: Royce and the Rehabilitation of a Racial Category,” Transactions of the Charles S. Peirce Society: A Quarterly Journal in American Philosophy, Vol. 44, No. 2

       In a similar fashion, … in anti-racist ways.18 

      Their links are reductionist – it’s possible to promote democracy divorced from imperial designs – this is prior to analysis of discourse and method
      LARBI SADIKI Senior Lecturer in Middle East Politics at the University of Exeter, 2009 OXFORD STUDIES IN DEMOCRATIZATION “RETHINKING ARAB DEMOCRATIZATION: ELECTIONS WITHOUT DEMOCRACY” Series editor: Laurence Whitehead

      The United States in the … ‘analogy or de novo’, he adds.36

      Mutual exclusivity ensures authoritarian takeover
      David Mathieson and, Associate Fellow at FRIDE. He holds a doctorate from the University of London, Richard Youngs 6, Co-ordinator of the Democratisation programme at FRIDE, and lecturer at the University of Warwick, “Democracy Promotion and the European Left: Ambivalence Confused?”, December, working paper 29 at FRIDE

      Third, on the question …spread of liberalism.34

      Rev fails

      Alt fails and causes genocidal backlash
      Emery 7, Phd, (Kathy, “ The Limits of Violent Resistance,”  For the Western Edition, August 27, 2007 http://www.educationanddemocracy.org/Emery/westernedition/Sept07WestEd.pdf) 

      The August 15th editorial …suicidal Pickett’s Charge, if you will. 

      Their rev gets crushed
      Flaherty 5
      http://cryptogon.com/docs/pirate_insurgency.html
      USC BA in International Relations, researcher in political affairs, activist and organic farmer in New Zealand

       In order to understand the national security implications of militant electronic piracy, an examination of conventional insurgency against the American Corporate State is necessary.

      THE NATURE OF ARMED INSURGENCY …or executed. The ACS wins again.  

      Root Cause
      Whiteness overtheorizes and underexplains violence – best historical analysis goes aff
      Kolchin 2, Professor of History at Delaware University, (Peter, “ Whiteness Studies: The New History of Race in America,”  The Journal of American History, Vol. 89, No. 1 (Jun., 2002), pp. 154-173, JSTOR) 

       The central question …political ideology and behavior.28 

      No one root cause – proximate cause focus and empirical research are key
      Shelby 5, Professor of African and African American Studies and of Philosophy at Harvard, (Tommie, “We Who Are Dark: The Philosophical Foundations of Black Solidarity,” Google Books)  

       Others might challenge … for higher education). 

      We control uniqueness – violence declining because of Western civilization and growth
      Pinker, Prof Psychology – Harvard, 3/19/‘7
      (Steven, “A HISTORY OF VIOLENCE,” The New Republic)

      In the decade of …, and deadly ethnic riots.

      Epistemology
      Building epistemology around broad claims over specific instances leads to political deadlock and the worst possible outcomes
      Wendt, professor of international security – Ohio State University, ‘98
      (Alexander, “On Constitution and Causation in International Relations,” British International Studies Association) 

      As a community, we … caricatures of science.

      Predictions are good – the alternative is reliance on faulty preconceptions.
      Fitzsimmons 7 (Michael, “The Problem of Uncertainty in Strategic Planning”, Survival, Winter 06/07)

      But handling even … decision-makers themselves. 

      Our predictions are good enough – they set the bar too high
      Chernoff 9 (Fred, Prof. IR and Dir. IR – Colgate U., European Journal of International Relations, “Conventionalism as an Adequate Basis for Policy-Relevant IR Theory”, 15:1, Sage)

      For these and other …the foregoing discussion.



10/12/11
8

  • 1AC Harvard

    • Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:



    • PLAN 

      The United States Federal Government should substantially increase support for democratic governance for the Libyan National Transitional Council.
       
      ADVANTAGE 1 – STABILITY
      Advantage 1 – Stability
      US just increased aid to libya – more will follow.
      Sorcher 10/18 (Sarah, Covers national security and foreign policy as a staff reporter for National Journal, 10/18/2011, “Clinton Arrives in Libya, Pledges More Aid to Secure Weapons and Help Wounded”, http://www.nationaljournal.com/reporters/bio/61)

      Secretary of State Hillary Rodham ...those planning terrorist attacks.
      ...
      No disads are unique – It involved Obama and Congress and allocated new money
      Arrott 10/18 (Elizabeth Arrott, VOA News in Cairo, 10/18/2011, “Clinton in Libya Vows Support For Democracy”, http://www.voanews.com/english/news/africa/Clinton-in-Libya-for-Unexpected-Visit-132039398.html)

      America's top diplomat offered help ...-era ruins.

      But this aid isn’t enough – doesn’t solve stability or credibility
      Warrick 10/19 (Joby, Washington Post, “Clinton vows backing for Libya”, http://articles.boston.com/2011-10-19/news/30298576_1_mahmoud-jibril-libyan-capital-libyan-leaders)

      Unlike other Arab states that ...questioner asked.

      Plans critical to solve – governance expertise is the vital internal link to a stable transition
      Allen 11 (Michael, Runs Democracy Digest, Special Assistant for Government Relations and Public Affairs at the National Endowment for Democracy, 9/13, “Libya’s factions maneuver ahead of ‘complex’ transition”, http://www.demdigest.net/blog/2011/09/libya%e2%80%99s-factions-maneuver-ahead-of-complex-transition/)

      Libya will become a democratic ...trust and collaboration.”

      US expertise is key – unique institutional knowledge
      Vandewalle 11 (Dirk, Dartmouth College, “The Reconstruction of Libya Local and International Constraints and Opportunities,” Testimony before the Senate Foreign Affairs Committee, 6 April, 2011, http://foreign.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Vandewalle%20Testimony.pdf)

      Assuming the outcome of the ..., democratic Libya.

      Instability spills over
      Haddadi 9-1 (Anissa Haddadi, NYT, “Libya and Algeria: Could the Libyan Conflict Cause regional Instability?, 2011, http://uk.ibtimes.com/articles/207109/20110901/libya-and-algeria-could-the-libyan-conflict-cause-regional-instability.htm)

      While it is clear that ...region.
       

      That triggers massive oil shocks – that collapse the global economy
      Stelzer 11 (Irwin M., Contributing editor to The Weekly Standard, director of economic policy studies at the Hudson Institute, and a columnist for the Sunday Times (London), 3/7, “A Libyan Oil Shock?”, http://www.weeklystandard.com/articles/libyan-oil-shock_552544.html?page=2)

      But there is oil and ...need for oil. 

      Decline means regional instability escalates and goes nuclear
      Michael Auslin and Desmond Lachman 9, resident scholars at the American Enterprise Institute, The Global Economy Unravels, March 6, http://www.aei.org/article/100187

      What do these trends mean ...a big bang.

      Growth solves their impacts
      Royal 10 (Jedidiah, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, “Economic Integration, Economic Signalling And The Problem Of Economic Crises”, in Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-215

      Second, on a dyadic ...use of force.

      Oil wars independently cause extinction
      Klare 8 (Michael, professor of peace and world security studies at Hampshire College, “The rise of the new energy world order,” http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Global_Economy/JD17Dj04.html)

      A growing risk of conflict...distribution.  
       

      ADVANTAGE 2 – TERRORISM
      Advantage 2 – Terrorism
      Scenario 1 is Nuclear Terror
      Perception that the US has abandoned reformers is the KEY DETERMINANT of al Qaeda success GLOBALLY
      Zarate and Gordon summer 11
       Juan C. Zarate is a Senior Adviser at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) and the former Deputy National Security Advisor for Combating Terrorism (2005— 2009). He can be reached at jzarate@csis.org. David A. Gordon is the Program Manager and a Research Assistant with the CSIS Transnational Threats Project. He can be reached at dgordon@csis.org. Both are working on a year-long CSIS study on the future of al-Qaeda and its associated movements  
       Copyright # 2011 Center for Strategic and International Studies
      The Washington Quarterly • 34:3 pp. 103122
      DOI: 10.1080/0163660X.2011.588305 

      If inadequate reform leads to ...in the region. 

      Libya’s key to reverse that perception
      Whiton 10/20 (Christian Whiton is a former U.S. State Department senior adviser and is a principal at DC International Advisory., 10/20/2011, “Qaddafi's Dead, Now Team Obama Must Do Everything It Can to Help the New Libya Succeed, http://www.foxnews.com/opinion/2011/10/20/qaddafis-dead-now-team-obama-must-do-everything-it-can-to-help-new-libya/)

      Libya’s Transitional National Council reported ...safe.


      Means the plan solves al-Qaeda’s narrative, despite short-term backlash
      Zarate and Gordon summer 11
       Juan C. Zarate is a Senior Adviser at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) and the former Deputy National Security Advisor for Combating Terrorism (2005— 2009). He can be reached at jzarate@csis.org. David A. Gordon is the Program Manager and a Research Assistant with the CSIS Transnational Threats Project. He can be reached at dgordon@csis.org. Both are working on a year-long CSIS study on the future of al-Qaeda and its associated movements  
       Copyright # 2011 Center for Strategic and International Studies
      The Washington Quarterly • 34:3 pp. 103122
      DOI: 10.1080/0163660X.2011.588305 

      Though the United States needs ...the long war.

      Nuclear terror attack’s inevitable now
      Us Russia Joint Threat Assessment May 11
      http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/files/Joint-Threat-Assessment%20ENG%2027%20May%202011.pdf
       ABOUT THE U.S.-RUSSIA JOINT THREAT ASSESSMENT ON NUCLEAR TERRORISM The U.S.-Russia Joint Threat Assessment on Nuclear Terrorism is a collaborative project of Harvard University’s Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs and the U.S.A. and Canada Studies Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences led by Rolf Mowatt-Larssen and Pavel Zolotarev. Authors: • Matthew Bunn. Associate Professor of Public Policy at Harvard Kennedy School and Co-Principal Investigator of Project on Managing the Atom at Harvard University’s Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs. • Colonel Yuri Morozov (retired Russian Armed Forces). Professor of the Russian Academy of Military Sciences and senior fellow at the U.S.A and Canada Studies Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, chief of department at the General Staff of the Russian Armed Forces, 1995–2000. • Rolf Mowatt-Larssen. Senior fellow at Harvard University’s Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, director of Intelligence and Counterintelligence at the U.S. Department of Energy, 2005–2008. • Simon Saradzhyan. Fellow at Harvard University’s Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Moscow-based defense and security expert and writer, 1993–2008. • William Tobey. Senior fellow at Harvard University’s Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs and director of the U.S.-Russia Initiative to Prevent Nuclear Terrorism, deputy administrator for Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation at the U.S. National Nuclear Security Administration, 2006–2009. • Colonel General Viktor I. Yesin (retired Russian Armed Forces). Senior fellow at the U.S.A and Canada Studies Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences and advisor to commander of the Strategic Missile Forces of Russia, chief of staff of the Strategic Missile Forces, 1994–1996. • Major General Pavel S. Zolotarev (retired Russian Armed Forces). Deputy director of the U.S.A and Canada Studies Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences and head of the Information and Analysis Center of the Russian Ministry of Defense, 1993–1997, deputy chief of staff of the Defense Council of Russia, 1997–1998. Contributor: • Vladimir Lukov, director general of autonomous non-profit organization “Counter-Terrorism Center.” 

      The expert community distinguishes pathways ...nuclear terrorism occurs. 

      Extinction
      Ayson 10, Robert Ayson, Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington, 2010 (“After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects,” Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, Volume 33, Issue 7, July, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via InformaWorld)

      But these two nuclear worlds...

      Scenario 2 is Bioweapons
      Failure to follow through collapses Libyan goodwill – US action is key
      Lamen 11 (Fadel, President, American-Libyan Council, 7/14, “LIBYA: THINKING AHEAD TO THE TRANSITION”, http://carnegieendowment.org/files/071411_transcript_LibyaTransition.pdf) 

      And so while the TNC...can lead them.

      That triggers massive terrorism spread in Libya
      Pelham 11 (Nicolas, author of A New Muslim Order: Iraq and the Revival of Shia Islam. He has reported on the Arab world for twenty years and currently writes for The Economist, “ Bogged Down in Libya,” April 14, 2011, http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2011/may/12/bogged-down-libya/?page=3)

      For much of the twentieth ...its terrorist blacklist. 

      Ensures bioterror attack on the U.S.
      Maginnis 9 (Robert, retired Army lieutenant colonel, and a national security and foreign affairs analyst for radio and television, “Al-Qaeda and The Plague,” http://www.humanevents.com/article.php?id=30382)

      The report that some forty ...threats before they mature. 

      Extinction
      De Rugy and Pena 2, *policy analyst, *senior defense policy analyst at the Cato Institute, (Veronique and Charles, “ Responding to the Threat of Smallpox Bioterrorism An Ounce of Prevention Is Best Approach” April 18, Policy Analysis No. 432 http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/pa434.pdf)  

      There is evidence that al...examined and evaluated. 

      And causes US nuclear lashout
      Conley 3 (Chief of the Systems Analysis Branch, Directorate of Requirements, http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/apj/apj03/spr03/conley.html)

      The number of American casualties ...had been made.”

      Bioterrorism’s uniquely deadly
      Danzig 9,  senior advisor at the Center for New American Security, the Center for Naval Analyses, and the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington DC, consultant to the Departments of Defense and Homeland Security on terrorism, (Richard, “ A Policymaker’s Guide to Bioterrorism and What to Do About It,” Center for Technology and National Security Policy National Defense University December, http://www.ndu.edu/CTNSP/docUploaded/A%20Policymaker's%20Guide.pdf) 

      1. Pathogenic material ...than supplying assistance. 

      ADVANTAGE 3 – IRAN
      Advantage 3 – Iran
      U.S. public diplomacy is faltering – plan is key to U.S. support with the Arab Public
      Hamid 11 (Director of Research-Brookings Policy Center, http://globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2011/08/26/libya-may-be-in-americas-vital-interest-after-all/)

      Libya is perhaps the first ..., at least.

      Libya is the key test case
      Ghitis 11 (World Politics Review Contributing Editor, 8/25, http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/9882/world-citizen-libya-emerges-as-major-test-of-western-u-s-influence)

      The future of Libya was ...friendly to the West.
      ...
      Perception of US weakness emboldens Iran and causes other countries to bandwagon
      Alterman 11 (Jon, director and senior fellow of the Middle East Program at CSIS, Former member of the Policy Planning Staff at the U.S. Department of State and as a special assistant to the assistant secretary of state for Near Eastern affairs, June 2011, “Capacity and Resolve: Foreign Assessments of U.S. Power,” http://csis.org/files/publication/110613_Cohen_CapacityResolve_Web.pdf 

      Whatever the actual cost, ...actions and statements.

      That solves Iranian expansionism
      Lynch 11 (Marc, Non-Resident Senior Fellow at the Center for a New American Security, an Associate Professor of Political Science and Director of the Middle East Studies Program at George Washington University, and an editor for the Middle East Channel for ForeignPolicy.com, “ Upheaval U.S. Policy Toward Iran in a Changing Middle East,” Center for a New American Security, http://www.cnas.org/files/documents/publications/CNAS_Upheaval_Lynch_1.pdf)

      The Arab uprisings have created ...and foreign policies. 

      That eviscerates US hegemony
      Cohen, 11
      Craig Cohen, vice president for Research and Programs at CSIS and editor of this volume, serves as principal adviser to CSIS president, June 2011, “Capacity and Resolve: Foreign Assessments of U.S. Power,” http://csis.org/files/publication/110613_Cohen_CapacityResolve_Web.pdf 

      This study finds that citizens ...decades to come.

      Nuclear War
      Zhang and Shi 11– *Yuhan Zhang is a researcher at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Washington, D.C.; Lin Shi is from Columbia University. She also serves as an independent consultant for the Eurasia Group and a consultant for the World Bank in Washington, D.C. (1/22, America’s decline: A harbinger of conflict and rivalry, http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2011/01/22/americas-decline-a-harbinger-of-conflict-and-rivalry/)

      This does not necessarily mean ...unrivalled US primacy.

      Causes regional war and miscalc
      Marc Lynch 11, associate professor of political science and international affairs at George Washington University, “Upheaval: U.S. Policy Toward Iran in a Changing Middle East”, June, http://www.cnas.org/files/documents/publications/CNAS_Upheaval_Lynch_2.pdf

      As it struggles to recalibrate ...-changing war.

      Extinction
      Russell 9 (James A. Russell, Senior Lecturer, National Security Affairs, Naval Postgraduate School, ‘9 (Spring) “Strategic Stability Reconsidered: Prospects for Escalation and Nuclear War in the Middle East” IFRI, Proliferation Papers, #26, http://www.ifri.org/downloads/PP26_Russell_2009.pdf) 

      Strategic stability in the region ...entire world.

      Their defense is out-dated and overly optimistic
      Herbert I. London 10, President Emeritus of Hudson Institute, “The Coming Crisis in the Middle East”, June 23, http://www.hudson.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=publication_details&id=7101&pubType=HI_Opeds

      The gathering storm in the ...bad sign.



11/09/11
19

  • Shirley 2AC EU Forum

    • Tournament: Shirley | Round: 4 | Opponent: NU BK | Judge:

    • 2AC – EU CP / Net Benefit

       

      The plan independently solves iran – US action is key

      Singh 11 (Managing Director-The Washington Institute, 8/31/11, http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/templateC06.php?CID=1706)

       

      The disadvantages,

      with deeply troubling implications.

                                                                                                                                           

      Deference to Europeans in the Middle East tanks our credibility—ensures regional instability

      Washington Times 9/12/11

       

       President Obama’s Mideast policy has

      fruit of this weak practice. 

       

      EU burden sharing on the Arab spring collapses cooperation

      Erlanger, 9/21

      Stevene Erlanger, Paris bureau chief for the New York Times, 9/21/11, What the War in Libya Tells Europe,

       

      But less happily, he said, "if

      for reliable defense partners."

       

      To solve burden sharing, Europe would have to boost their defense budgets and update military capabilities…that isn’t happening—US leadership is irreplaceable and not dependent on European cooperation

      Boot 11

      Max Boot, CFR Senior Fellow, 6/10/11, U.S. and NATO: If We Don’t Shoulder the Burden, Nobody Will,

       

      Bob Gates is leaving the Defense

      fair but neither is life.

       

      EU soft power fails

      Dempsey, 9/28

      Judy Dempsey, Int'l Herald Tribune Europe Senior Correspondent, 9/28/11, The Failure of Soft Power, carnegieeurope.eu/publications/?fa=45617

       

      Europeans have long believed

      EU’s use of soft power.

       

      Decline inevitable

      Lehne, 9/28

      Stefan Lehne, formerly the political director of the Austrian Ministry for European and International Affairs. From 2002 to 2008 he served as the director of the Council of the European Union’s Directorate General for External and Politico-Military Affairs where he was in charge of the Balkans, Eastern Europe and Central Asia, 9/27/11, Can Lisbon’s Potential be Realized?, carnegieeurope.eu/publications/?fa=45608

       

      In terms of its size, wealth,

      coherently and effectively. 




11/13/11
29

  • Shirley 2AC/1AR DeDev Answers vs. NU BK

    • Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:

    • 2AC – De-Dev

       

      Growth sustainable

      Libcom 8 (http://www.libcom.org, online anarchism encyclopedia and reference)

       

      Primitivists are not

      down and profits soared.

       

      Dedev’s worse for mindset shift

      Monbiot 9 (George Monbiot, columnist for The Guardian, has held visiting fellowships or professorships at the universities of Oxford (environmental policy), Bristol (philosophy), Keele (politics), Oxford Brookes (planning), and East London (environmental science, August 17, 2009, “Is there any point in fighting to stave off industrial apocalypse?,” online: http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/cif-green/2009/aug/17/environment-climate-change)

       

      From the first observation,

      because you think it isn't.

      Collapse causes global transition wars---turns all their impacts

      Panzner 8 (Michael J. Panzner, faculty at the New York Institute of Finance, 25-year veteran of the global stock, bond, and currency markets who has worked in New York and London for HSBC, Soros Funds, ABN Amro, Dresdner Bank, and JPMorgan Chase, 2008, “Financial Armageddon: Protect Your Future from Economic Collapse”, Revised and Updated Edition, p. 136-138)

       

      Many will wonder whether

      as the beginnings of a new world war.

      Growth solves the environment and decreases GHG emissions, economic collapse increases destruction

      Anderson 4 (Terry, fellow at the Hoover Institution, Hoover Digest, Summer, http://www.perc.org/publications/articles/econ_growth.php)

       

      Market forces also cause

      richer may well be cooler.

      Apocalyptic environmental predictions are wrong

      Bailey 2k (Ronald, adjunct scholar at the Cato Institute, May, http://reason.com/0005/fe.rb.earth.shtml)

       

      Earth Day 1970 provoked

      however sincere, is no substitute for rational analysis.

       

      Ecological devastation through nuclear waste

      Libcom 8 (http://www.libcom.org, online anarchism encyclopedia and reference)

       

      The central tenet of primitivism

      will examine them in more detail.

       

      Nuclear waste overflow causes extinction

      Helen Caldicott 1994 "Nuclear Madness- What Can you Do?," pg. 202-203

       

      The National Energy Policy Act

      and fault movement.

       

      Economic collapse can’t solve warming---it’s try or die for growth

      Elliott 8 (Larry Elliott, Economics Editor for The Guardian, August 25, 2008, “Can a dose of recession solve climate change?,” The Guardian, online: http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2008/aug/25/economicgrowth.globalrecession)

       

      This may strike some as a

      weight of its own contradictions.

       

      No impact to warming

      Hsu 10 (Jeremy, Live Science Staff, July 19, pg. )

       

      His views deviate sharply from

      result remains uncertain."

       

      6 degree warming inevitable

      AP 9 (Associated Press, Six Degree Temperature Rise by 2100 is Inevitable: UNEP, September 24, )

                          

      Earth's temperature is

      about a foot every 20 to 25 years.

       

      K- Waves don’t cause war- WWII disproves the theory- its just war inflation. 

      Rothbard 3 (Murray N. Rothbard, the dean of the Austrian School of economics, was the author of The Ethics of Liberty and For a New Liberty and many other books and articles, 2003 Ludwig von Mises Institute, The Kondratieff Cycle: Real or Fabricated?, )

      To the criticism

      only three-and-a-half observations?

       

      1AR – De-Dev


      Resource scarcity is self-correcting

      Haynes 8 (Beth, Professor of Economics at Brigham Young University-Hawaii, “Finite Resources vs. Infinite Resourcefulness”, August 19, )

       

      It’s common sense. Save

      have consistently been proven wrong.

       

      Impossible to solve warming

      The Economist 10, “Better REDD than dead,” 9-23

       

       There are many concerns

      themselves out. And they must be results-based.

       

      Zero impact

      Lomborg 08 [Bjørn, author of The Skeptical Environmentalist, is director of the Copenhagen Consensus Center and adjunct professor at the Copenhagen Business School, “Warming warnings get overheated”, response to their Tickell article, Aug 15, http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2008/aug/15/carbonemissions.climatechange]

      These alarmist predictions

      Tickell's solution would do about 13p-worth of good.

       

      Dedev’s worse for mindset shift – only ev that makes a predictive claim

      Monbiot 9 (George Monbiot, columnist for The Guardian, has held visiting fellowships or professorships at the universities of Oxford (environmental policy), Bristol (philosophy), Keele (politics), Oxford Brookes (planning), and East London (environmental science, August 17, 2009, “Is there any point in fighting to stave off industrial apocalypse?,” online: http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/cif-green/2009/aug/17/environment-climate-change)

      From the first observation

      because you think it isn't.

       

      Economic collapse just makes capitalism worse

      Mead, 9 – Senior Fellow @ the Council on Foreign Relations

      Walter Russell, )

                                          

      And yet, this relentless

      U.S. power relative to its rivals.

       




11/13/11
9

  • 1AC Texas Round 4

    • Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:


    • The United States federal government should substantially increase its democratic governance support for Libya.

      MILITIAS
      Contention 1 is Militias
      Aid now, but not for governance
      Christopher M. Blanchard 12-8, analyst in Middle Eastern Affairs at CRS, “Libya: Transition and U.S. Policy”, https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL33142.pdf

      Many Members of … during the revolution.9

      And Egypt aid now
      Allen 1/25
      Michael Allen, Dem Digest, 1/25/12, US to boost aid to Egypt – without conditions?, www.demdigest.net/blog/2012/01/us-to-boost-aid-to-egypt-without-conditions/

      The Obama administration is … region,” he said.

      Lack of NTC transparency will escalate to civil war between militias
      Allen, 1/25
      (Editor-Dem Digest, Iraq 2004, Libya 2012?, http://www.demdigest.net/blog/2012/01/iraq-2004-libya-2012/)

      Libya’s transitional authorities … society activist Mohamed Eljarh.

      Militias fuel a regional arms explosion
      Waddington 12/19/11
      http://www.consultancyafrica.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=917:the-arms-proliferation-threat-of-post-gaddafi-libya-&catid=60:conflict-terrorism-discussion-papers&Itemid=265
       I'm currently pursuing a PhD through the University of Johannesburg. My thesis examines the role of resource scarcity, specifically water, in shaping normative approaches to contemporary and future warfare. I completed an MA at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, examining the potential role(s) of private military and security contractors in peacekeeping activities. I taught various business ethics related courses for the School of Management Studies at UKZN from 2005 to 2011, 

       The National Transitional Council … and Al Shabaab.(14) 

      Specifically MANPADS prolif
      Christian Science Monitor 12/9/11
      http://www.csmonitor.com/Business/new-economy/2011/1209/Libya-s-missing-missiles-a-threat-to-US-airline-passengers

      If terrorists get hold … the country is stable. 

      Weapons dispersal from Libya = Taliban success
      Drweiga 12/6/11
      http://www.aviationtoday.com/rw/training/military/Libyas-MANPADs-Legacy_75305.html
       Andrew Drwiega is a senior defence journalist with a particular focus on military rotorcraft. He was the editor of Defence Helicopter for seven years. Andrew has reported on attachment from Iraq three times (the latest of which was with a US Marine Corps MV-22 squadron), and twice with British forces in Afghanistan (Kandahar and Camp Bastion) as well as from numerous NATO and British exercises. 

       It has always … the Karzai government. 

      Destabilization fragments Afghanistan, collapses Pakistan, and causes multiple nuclear wars
      Morgan 7 (Stephen John, former National Executive Officer of the British Labour Party, his responsibilities included international relations, ethnic minority work, women’s issues, finance, local government and organization, he specialised particularly in international crisis situations spending long periods working in Belfast, in efforts to overcome sectarian strife and terrorism, former Director of WIC, a research and publishing company based in London, he went to live in Budapest during the Gorbachov period from where he helped build opposition groups in the underground in Hungary, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria and East Germany, Stephen left active politics in the early 1990 and came to live in Brussels, where he established and managed his own publishing company, has lived and worked in more than 27 different countries, including underground political work during the troubles in in Northern Ireland and war in Yugoslavia, http://www.electricarticles.com/display.aspx?id=639) 

      Although disliked and … NUCLEAR Pakistan!

      Technical assistance gives the NTC the means to disarm militias
      ICG 12-14, international crisis group – independent non-profit NGO, “holding libya together: security challenges after qadhafi”, http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/Middle%20East%20North%20Africa/North%20Africa/115%20Holding%20Libya%20Together%20--%20Security%20Challenges%20after%20Qadhafi.pdf

      In principle, there is … get moving again.

      US expertise is key in the short term
      Andrew Engel 12-25, research assistance at the Washington Institute, “Challenges Facing the Libyan Government”, http://www.thecuttingedgenews.com/index.php?article=53470&pageid=&pagename=

      Escalating militia clashes … the UN framework.

      LEADERSHIP
      Contention 2 is leadership
      US Leadership is failing now – we’re deferring to other actors over the Arab Spring
      WSJ, 12/28
      (“MIA on the Shores of Tripoli”, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970204879004577110292563937610.html

      President Obama often … finishes this job.

      US needs to take the lead on Libyan reconstruction—that rebuilds US image throughout the region—ceding leadership to others undermines good will
      Paul Wolfowitz 11-3, former United States Ambassador to Indonesia, U.S. Deputy Secretary of Defense, President of the World Bank, and former dean of the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies at Johns Hopkins University. He is currently a visiting scholar at the American Enterprise Institute, “America's Opportunity in Libya”, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970204394804577011721031265512.html

      But the failure of … if we do nothing.

      Libya is the key test case
      Ghitis 11 (World Politics Review Contributing Editor, 8/25, http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/9882/world-citizen-libya-emerges-as-major-test-of-western-u-s-influence)

      The future of Libya … friendly to the West.

      Governance assistance strengthens the TNC and cements US leadership
      Engel 11/2 (Former Research Assistant-The Washington Institute & Beirut-based analyst who recently traveled across Libya, http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/templateC05.php?CID=3417)

      Libya's challenges are … with Islamic values.

      Two impacts:
      First, Iran
      Credibility garnered from transitions solves expansionism
      Marc Lynch 11, associate professor of political science and international affairs at George Washington University, “Upheaval: U.S. Policy Toward Iran in a Changing Middle East”, June, http://www.cnas.org/files/documents/publications/CNAS_Upheaval_Lynch_2.pdf

      America’s interest in … commitment in practice.

      Causes regional war and miscalc
      Marc Lynch 11, associate professor of political science and international affairs at George Washington University, “Upheaval: U.S. Policy Toward Iran in a Changing Middle East”, June, http://www.cnas.org/files/documents/publications/CNAS_Upheaval_Lynch_2.pdf

      As it struggles to … game-changing war.

      Goes nuclear
      James A. Russell, Senior Lecturer, National Security Affairs, Naval Postgraduate School, ‘9 (Spring) “Strategic Stability Reconsidered: Prospects for Escalation and Nuclear War in the Middle East” IFRI, Proliferation Papers, #26, http://www.ifri.org/downloads/PP26_Russell_2009.pdf 

      Strategic stability in the … the entire world. 

      The possibility of miscalculation is already built into the system – US credibility is the only way to solve
      Herbert I. London 10, President Emeritus of Hudson Institute, “The Coming Crisis in the Middle East”, June 23, http://www.hudson.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=publication_details&id=7101&pubType=HI_Opeds

      The gathering storm in … truly bad sign.

      Second, hegemony
      Libyans have called for US assistance – backlash is a myth created by western academics to defend isolationism
      Hamid 10/1
      Shadi Hamid, 10/1/11, What Obama and American Liberals Don’t Understand About the Arab Spring, http://www.tnr.com/article/environment-energy/95538/arab-spring-obama-realism-democracy-neoconservatives-mubarak?page=0,0

      Throughout the Arab … “stable,” repressive regimes.

      Abandoning the very people we claim to support destroys US leadership
      Schake, 11
      Kori Schake, research fellow at the Hoover Institution and an associate professor of international security studies at the United States Military Academy. She was also the director for Defense Strategy and Requirements on the National Security Council during George W. Bush’s first term, 8/19/11, "The kind of world Secretary Clinton wants to see," http://shadow.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2011/08/19/the_kind_of_world_secretary_clinton_wants_to_see

      America's Secretary of … Turkey have standing. 

      Heg decline causes great power war
      Zhang and Shi 11– *Yuhan Zhang is a researcher at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Washington, D.C.; Lin Shi is from Columbia University. She also serves as an independent consultant for the Eurasia Group and a consultant for the World Bank in Washington, D.C. (1/22, America’s decline: A harbinger of conflict and rivalry, http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2011/01/22/americas-decline-a-harbinger-of-conflict-and-rivalry/)

      This does not … unrivalled US primacy.

      States will inevitably compete for relative status – only primacy can prevent conflict
      Wohlforth 9, Professor of government at Dartmouth, (William, “Unipolarity, Status Competition, and Great Power War” World Politics, 61:1, January, Project Muse)

       Second, I question … and/or prosperity.

      Reject infinite root causes—democracy and deterrence key to peace
      Moore 4 (John Moore, chaired law prof, UVA. Frm first Chairman of the Board of the US Institute of Peace and as the Counselor on Int Law to the Dept. of State, Beyond the Democratic Peace,  44 Va. J. Int'l L. 341, Lexis)

      If major interstate …increased or decreased? 

      Predictions don’t have to be perfect, just good enough
      BRUCE BUENO DE MESQUITA, Julius Silver Professor of Politics at New York University, July 18th, 2011“FOX-HEDGING OR KNOWING: ONE BIG WAY TO KNOW MANY THINGS” http://www.cato-unbound.org/2011/07/18/bruce-bueno-de-mesquita/fox-hedging-or-knowing-one-big-way-to-know-many-things/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+cato-unbound+%28Cato+Unbound%29

      It is hard to say … toward better prediction.

      Sharing expertise via technical assistance is a bridge between activism and policy, just like roleplaying in debate – endorsing the plan text inculcates valuable decision-making skills
      Guilhot, research fellow – Social Science Research Council, prof sociology – LSE, ‘5
      (Nicolas, The Democracy Makers, p. 185-186)

      This last point …socially located actors.

      Reality exists independent of signifiers
      Wendt 99
      Alexander Wendt, Professor of International Security at Ohio State University, 1999, “Social theory of international politics,” gbooks

      The effects of holding a …extra-linguistic world. 



02/18/12
10

  • 1AC Texas Round 8

    • Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:


    • The United States federal government should substantially increase its democratic governance support for Libya.

      1AC MILITIAS
      Contention 1 is Militias
      Aid now, but not for governance
      Christopher M. Blanchard 12-8, analyst in Middle Eastern Affairs at CRS, “Libya: Transition and U.S. Policy”, https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL33142.pdf

      Many Members of … during the revolution.9

      And Egypt aid now
      Allen 1/25
      Michael Allen, Dem Digest, 1/25/12, US to boost aid to Egypt – without conditions?, www.demdigest.net/blog/2012/01/us-to-boost-aid-to-egypt-without-conditions/

      The Obama administration is … region,” he said.

      Lack of NTC transparency will escalate to civil war between militias
      Allen, 1/25
      (Editor-Dem Digest, Iraq 2004, Libya 2012?, http://www.demdigest.net/blog/2012/01/iraq-2004-libya-2012/)

      Libya’s transitional authorities … society activist Mohamed Eljarh.

      Militias fuel a regional arms explosion
      Waddington 12/19/11
      http://www.consultancyafrica.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=917:the-arms-proliferation-threat-of-post-gaddafi-libya-&catid=60:conflict-terrorism-discussion-papers&Itemid=265
       I'm currently pursuing a PhD through the University of Johannesburg. My thesis examines the role of resource scarcity, specifically water, in shaping normative approaches to contemporary and future warfare. I completed an MA at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, examining the potential role(s) of private military and security contractors in peacekeeping activities. I taught various business ethics related courses for the School of Management Studies at UKZN from 2005 to 2011, 

       The National Transitional Council … and Al Shabaab.(14) 

      Specifically MANPADS prolif
      Christian Science Monitor 12/9/11
      http://www.csmonitor.com/Business/new-economy/2011/1209/Libya-s-missing-missiles-a-threat-to-US-airline-passengers

      If terrorists get hold … the country is stable. 

      Weapons dispersal from Libya = Taliban success
      Drweiga 12/6/11
      http://www.aviationtoday.com/rw/training/military/Libyas-MANPADs-Legacy_75305.html
       Andrew Drwiega is a senior defence journalist with a particular focus on military rotorcraft. He was the editor of Defence Helicopter for seven years. Andrew has reported on attachment from Iraq three times (the latest of which was with a US Marine Corps MV-22 squadron), and twice with British forces in Afghanistan (Kandahar and Camp Bastion) as well as from numerous NATO and British exercises. 

       It has always … the Karzai government. 

      Destabilization fragments Afghanistan, collapses Pakistan, and causes multiple nuclear wars
      Morgan 7 (Stephen John, former National Executive Officer of the British Labour Party, his responsibilities included international relations, ethnic minority work, women’s issues, finance, local government and organization, he specialised particularly in international crisis situations spending long periods working in Belfast, in efforts to overcome sectarian strife and terrorism, former Director of WIC, a research and publishing company based in London, he went to live in Budapest during the Gorbachov period from where he helped build opposition groups in the underground in Hungary, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria and East Germany, Stephen left active politics in the early 1990 and came to live in Brussels, where he established and managed his own publishing company, has lived and worked in more than 27 different countries, including underground political work during the troubles in in Northern Ireland and war in Yugoslavia, http://www.electricarticles.com/display.aspx?id=639) 

      Although disliked and … NUCLEAR Pakistan!

      Technical assistance gives the NTC the means to disarm militias
      ICG 12-14, international crisis group – independent non-profit NGO, “holding libya together: security challenges after qadhafi”, http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/Middle%20East%20North%20Africa/North%20Africa/115%20Holding%20Libya%20Together%20--%20Security%20Challenges%20after%20Qadhafi.pdf

      In principle, there is … get moving again.

      US expertise is key in the short term
      Andrew Engel 12-25, research assistance at the Washington Institute, “Challenges Facing the Libyan Government”, http://www.thecuttingedgenews.com/index.php?article=53470&pageid=&pagename=

      Escalating militia clashes … the UN framework.

      1AC TERRORISM ADV
      Advantage 2 – Terrorism
      The plan sends a signal of democratic engagement
      Whiton 10/20 (Christian Whiton is a former U.S. State Department senior adviser and is a principal at DC International Advisory., 10/20/2011, “Qaddafi's Dead, Now Team Obama Must Do Everything It Can to Help the New Libya Succeed, http://www.foxnews.com/opinion/2011/10/20/qaddafis-dead-now-team-obama-must-do-everything-it-can-to-help-new-libya/)

      Libya’s Transitional National … keeping America safe.

      That prevents global terrorism
      Zarate and Gordon 11 (Juan C. Zarate is a Senior Adviser at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) and the former Deputy National Security Advisor for Combating Terrorism (2005— 2009). He can be reached at jzarate@csis.org. David A. Gordon is the Program Manager and a Research Assistant with the CSIS Transnational Threats Project. He can be reached at dgordon@csis.org. Both are working on a year-long CSIS study on the future of al-Qaeda and its associated movements Copyright # 2011 Center for Strategic and International Studies, Summer 2011, The Washington Quarterly • 34:3 pp. 103122 DOI: 10.1080/0163660X.2011.588305) 

      Though the United States … of the long war.

      Nuclear terror attack’s inevitable now
      US Russia Joint Threat Assessment 11 (ABOUT THE U.S.-RUSSIA JOINT THREAT ASSESSMENT ON NUCLEAR TERRORISM The U.S.-Russia Joint Threat Assessment on Nuclear Terrorism is a collaborative project of Harvard University’s Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs and the U.S.A. and Canada Studies Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences led by Rolf Mowatt-Larssen and Pavel Zolotarev. Authors: • Matthew Bunn. Associate Professor of Public Policy at Harvard Kennedy School and Co-Principal Investigator of Project on Managing the Atom at Harvard University’s Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs. • Colonel Yuri Morozov (retired Russian Armed Forces). Professor of the Russian Academy of Military Sciences and senior fellow at the U.S.A and Canada Studies Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, chief of department at the General Staff of the Russian Armed Forces, 1995–2000. • Rolf Mowatt-Larssen. Senior fellow at Harvard University’s Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, director of Intelligence and Counterintelligence at the U.S. Department of Energy, 2005–2008. • Simon Saradzhyan. Fellow at Harvard University’s Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Moscow-based defense and security expert and writer, 1993–2008. • William Tobey. Senior fellow at Harvard University’s Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs and director of the U.S.-Russia Initiative to Prevent Nuclear Terrorism, deputy administrator for Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation at the U.S. National Nuclear Security Administration, 2006–2009. • Colonel General Viktor I. Yesin (retired Russian Armed Forces). Senior fellow at the U.S.A and Canada Studies Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences and advisor to commander of the Strategic Missile Forces of Russia, chief of staff of the Strategic Missile Forces, 1994–1996. • Major General Pavel S. Zolotarev (retired Russian Armed Forces). Deputy director of the U.S.A and Canada Studies Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences and head of the Information and Analysis Center of the Russian Ministry of Defense, 1993–1997, deputy chief of staff of the Defense Council of Russia, 1997–1998. Contributor: • Vladimir Lukov, director general of autonomous non-profit organization “Counter-Terrorism Center.”, May 2011, http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/files/Joint-Threat-Assessment%20ENG%2027%20May%202011.pdf)

      The expert community …nuclear terrorism occurs. 

      Extinction
      Hellman 8 (Martin E. Hellman, emeritus prof of engineering @ Stanford, “Risk Analysis of Nuclear Deterrence” SPRING 2008 THE BENT OF TAU BETA PI, http://www.nuclearrisk.org/paper.pdf)

      The threat of nuclear … necessity—not an option. 

      Solves a bioterror attack on the US
      Maginnis 9 (Robert, retired Army lieutenant colonel, and a national security and foreign affairs analyst for radio and television, “Al-Qaeda and The Plague,” http://www.humanevents.com/article.php?id=30382)
      The report that some forty … before they mature. 

      Extinction
      De Rugy and Pena 2, *policy analyst, *senior defense policy analyst at the Cato Institute, (Veronique and Charles, “ Responding to the Threat of Smallpox Bioterrorism An Ounce of Prevention Is Best Approach” April 18, Policy Analysis No. 432 http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/pa434.pdf)  

      There is evidence ….examined and evaluated. 

      And causes US nuclear lashout
      Lt Col Henry W Conley 3 (Chief of the Systems Analysis Branch, Directorate of Requirements, Headquarters Air Combat Command (ACC), Langley AFB, Virginia, http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/apj/apj03/spr03/conley.html)

      The number of … had been made.”

      1AC CHINA
      Contention 3 is China
      Aid now is not enough-expanding assistance vital to restore our credibility as a democracy promoter—Libya is key to other transitions
      WSJ, 12/28
      (“MIA on the Shores of Tripoli”, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970204879004577110292563937610.html

      President Obama often … finishes this job.

      Libya is the key test case
      Ghitis 11 (World Politics Review Contributing Editor, 8/25, http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/9882/world-citizen-libya-emerges-as-major-test-of-western-u-s-influence)

      The future of … to the West.

      The US is key
      Grygiel, 10/3
      (Senior Fellow and Associate Professor at SAIS, http://www.cepa.org/ced/view.aspx?record_id=319)

      Alas, reality is … of their actions.

      That prevents Chinese control of African oil
      Yeisley, 11
      (Winter 2011, Strategic Studies Quarterly, Lt. Col.-USAF, “Bipolarity, Proxy Wars, and the Rise of China,” http://www.au.af.mil/au/ssq/2011/winter/yeisley.pdf)

      Bipolarity, Nuclear Weapons, … war with China inevitable.

      African oil access key to energy security
      Jefferson et. al 2
      http://www.iasps.org/strategic/africawhitepaper.pdf
      African Oil Policy Group The group was established in early 2002, as a result of a DC symposium on African oil extraction held on January 25, 2002 [2]. The symposium was attended by, among others [3]:      William Jefferson, representative for Louisiana.     Walter Kansteiner, US Under-Secretary of State for African affairs.     Barry Schutz, a Bush administration specialist on Africa.     Lt-Col Karen Kwiatkowski, an airforce officer seconded to the defence secretary.  The proceedings of the symposium are titled "African oil, a priority for US national security and African development", and are available from the website of the Institute for Advanced Strategic & Political Studies (IASPS) [4].  According to a Christian Science Monitor article, on May 23 2002 the AOPIG presented a white paper in Washington. The article says: "The document urges Congress and the Bush administration to encourage greater extraction of oil across Africa, and to declare the Gulf of Guinea "an area of vital interest" to the US." [5]  "In January last year [2002], the IASPS hosted a symposium in Houston, Texas, which was attended by government and oil industry representatives. An influential working group called the African Oil Policy Initiative Group (AOPIG) co-chaired by IASPS researchers Barry Schutz and Paul Michael Wihbey, which has been largely responsible for driving American governmental policy concerning west African oil, emerged from the symposium." [1]  Paul Michael Wihbey, a fellow at IASPS and a principal at the energy consulting firm Global Water & Energy Strategy Team (GWEST), played a leading role in the formation of the AOPIG [6].  Another known member of the African Oil Policy Initiative Group is George Ayittey [7], who serves at American University as a visiting associate professor of economics, and is the President and founder of The Free Africa Foundation [8]. 

       The strategic question is …source of energy. 

      Energy security is US Achilles’ heel – swamps all other internals
      Stroupe 6
      http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Central_Asia/HK22Ag01.html
       W Joseph Stroupe is editor in chief of GeoStrategyMap.com, an online geopolitical magazine specializing in strategic analysis and forecasting. 

       The US giant is … the rising East

      Heg decline causes great power war
      Zhang and Shi 11– *Yuhan Zhang is a researcher at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Washington, D.C.; Lin Shi is from Columbia University. She also serves as an independent consultant for the Eurasia Group and a consultant for the World Bank in Washington, D.C. (1/22, America’s decline: A harbinger of conflict and rivalry, http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2011/01/22/americas-decline-a-harbinger-of-conflict-and-rivalry/)

      This does not …of unrivalled US primacy.

      Chinese influence prevents stabilization of Africa
      Brookes 7
      Peter Brookes, Chung Ju-Yung Senior Fellow for National Security Affairs  in the Kathryn and Shelby Cullom Davis Institute for International Studies at The Heritage Foundation, 3/26/7, Into Africa: China's Grab for Influence and Oil,www.heritage.org/research/lecture/into-africa-chinas-grab-for-influence-and-oil

      On the evidence, it … gov­erned by free-market

      Africa instability draws in global powers
      Glick 7
      Caroline Glick 7, deputy managing editor of The Jerusalem Post, Senior Fellow for Middle East Affairs of the Center for Security Policy, “Condi's African holiday”, December 11, http://www.rightsidenews.com/20071211309/editorial/us-opinion-and-editorial/our-world-condis-african-holiday.html

      The Horn of … and global powers.

      China relations are impossible
      Sanger and Wines 11 (David Sanger, Chief Washington Correspondent for The New York Times. A 1982 graduate of Harvard College, Sanger has been writing for the Times for over 26 years covering foreign policy, globalization, nuclear proliferation, and the presidency. He has been a member of two teams that won the Pulitzer prize, and has been awarded numerous honors for national security and foreign policy coverage, and Michael Wines, the China bureau chief for The New York Times. He received his M.S. degree in journalism from the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism in 1974, after which he became a general assignment reporter for The Lexington Herald, "China Leader’s Limits Come Into Focus as U.S. Visit Nears," January 16, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/17/world/asia/17china.html)

       But as Mr. Hu …to the United States.



02/18/12
23 02/18/12
27

  • 2AC Cap K

    • Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:


    • Case outweighs – Cap is nonunique and not the root cause
      Aberdeen, Author & Philanthropist, ‘3
      (Richard, Uncommon Sense, Ch. 80, p. google)

      A view shared by … perceived economic “class”.

      The alt causes massive transition wars.
      Harris 2 (Lee, Atlanta writer, policy review, the intellectual origins of America-bashing, http://www.hoover.org/publications/policyreview/3458371.html)

      This is the immiserization … be reduced to pipe dreams.

      Cap sustainable – no resource scarcity.
      Taylor 2 [Jerry, Cato Natural Resource Studies Director, “Sustainable Development: A Dubious Solution in Search of a Problem,” August 26, http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/pa449.pdf]

      If resources are … or political leaders. 

      Pure cognitive and vague envisioning of a new society fail and fragment alternative’s movements
      Kliman 4 (Andrew, Prof of Economics @ Pace University September 5, “Alternatives to Capitalism:  What Happens After the Revolution?”)

      I.  Concretizing the Vision … proceed on its basis.



02/18/12
28

  • 2AC Fem K

    • Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:


    • FEM K
      You should weigh the plan against the status quo or a competitive policy option – Roleplaying authoritative discourse is crucial to democratic dialogism – only a RULES BASED simulations of the GOVERNMENT captures this benefit
      Hanghoj 8
      http://static.sdu.dk/mediafiles/Files/Information_til/Studerende_ved_SDU/Din_uddannelse/phd_hum/afhandlinger/2009/ThorkilHanghoej.pdf
       Thorkild Hanghøj, Copenhagen, 2008
       Since this PhD project began in 2004, the present author has been affiliated with DREAM (Danish
      Research Centre on Education and Advanced Media Materials), which is located at the Institute of
      Literature, Media and Cultural Studies at the University of Southern Denmark. Research visits have
      taken place at the Centre for Learning, Knowledge, and Interactive Technologies (L-KIT), the
      Institute of Education at the University of Bristol and the institute formerly known as Learning Lab
      Denmark at the School of Education, University of Aarhus, where I currently work as an assistant
      professor. 

       As this table suggests, … in a convincing manner. 

      Perm – do the plan and reject the masculine views of IR. Their alternative alone is too radical.
      Donnelly and Kwitkwoski 5 [Jack and Sally, Professor of Political Science @ University of Denver, Feminism and International Relations: Which way(s) Forward?, http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p71431_index.html]

      Over the past two … of feminist work from the past decade.

      Discourse doesn’t shape reality – proven by the Spanish and Aztecs – that’s Wendt. Specifically true for gender
      Christina Sommers, Prof. Philosophy @ Clark, ’94 (http://www.friesian.com/language.htm)

      But all this as a …gender systems compelling.

      Predictions don’t have to be perfect, just good enough
      BRUCE BUENO DE MESQUITA, Julius Silver Professor of Politics at New York University, July 18th, 2011“FOX-HEDGING OR KNOWING: ONE BIG WAY TO KNOW MANY THINGS” http://www.cato-unbound.org/2011/07/18/bruce-bueno-de-mesquita/fox-hedging-or-knowing-one-big-way-to-know-many-things/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+cato-unbound+%28Cato+Unbound%29

      It is hard to say … toward better prediction.

      Their rhetoric reentrenches patriarchy by reproducing gender stereotypes and creates no change
      Witworth 94 (prof of political science and female studies @ York U, Feminism and International Relations, pg 20, 1994)

      Even when not … reconsider this position.

      Feminist theory isn’t falsifiable – ensures the alt fails and means our impacts are true
      Keohane 98, Duke University, (Robert, “ Beyond Dichotomy: Conversations Between International Relations and Feminist Theory,”  International Studies Quarterly Volume 42, Issue 1, pages 193–197, March 1998, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/0020-8833.00076/pdf) 

      Since we know …testable—and falsifiable—with evidence.

      Patriarchy is not the root cause
      Goldstein 2k2 (Joshua S., Professor Emeritus of International Relations, American University (Washington, DC) Research Scholar, University of Massachusetts and Nonresident Sadat Senior Fellow, CIDCM, University of Maryland, War and Gender , P. 412 2k2)

      First, peace activists … be empirically inadequate.



02/18/12
24 02/18/12

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