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1nc VS Baylor CM
- Tournament: GSU | Round: 2 | Opponent: Baylor CM-Rule Bad Aff | Judge: Sample Judge
<p>Use the second box for WYSIWYG editing, or pasting straight from Word.</p><p>Click the pencil to the right to edit entries.</p><p>Click the Red X to delete this sample entry.</p>
T Interp: Increase is to make greater
Merriam Webster No Date 1 - to become progressively greater (as in size, amount, number, or intensity)
Violation: Their aff does not change the amount of aid allocated, just improves it’s SCHMITT Sovereignty and conflict are inevitable - Calls to universal humanity do not erase otherization - they internalize it. This prevents open contestation forcing endless violence in the name of a universal struggle. Only embracing divisions allows a resistance to play out, limiting political violence.
Prozorov 6 (Sergei, Professor of International Relations in the Department of International Relations, Faculty of Politics and Social Sciences, Petrozavodsk State University, Russia, “Liberal Enmity: The Figure of the Foe in the Political Ontology of Liberalism”, Millennium - Journal of International Studies 2006 35: 75) At the same time, the … the same to the enemy.50 Their strategy of universal change is a pipedream which wages total war against difference – our alternative is to endorse local movements against [X K BUZZWORD] to place limits on conflict
Rasch 4 (William Professor of Germanic Studies Indiana University Sovereignty and its discontents: on the primacy of conflict and the structure of the political Pg. 69-70) 8/28/11 We can elaborate this basic … these must be absolutely eliminated.8 Their project’s creation of absolute enemies opens the ONLY possibility for nuclear annihilation
Sauer-Thompson 6 (From the partisan to the political Long Sunday Gary Sauer-Thompson, author of the weblog Philosophical Conversations Jun 12, 2006 http://www.long-sunday.net/long_sunday/2006/06/can_carl_schmit.html) 8/26/11 So the theory of the … annihilation of an absolute enmity. DEMOCRACY K Democracy has reached its limit - it can no longer be reappropriated because it always seeks a paradoxical form of consensus - the only alternative to abandon the ideal of democracy altogether
Saul Newman, Reader in Political Theory at Goldsmiths College, University of London, 2009 “Chapter 6 Politics in the Age of Control” in “Deleuze and New Technology” Edinburgh University Press p. 113-15 These developments in the control … con sensus (as in liberal discourse). i magining the ideal of democracy is impossible - democracy itself must be abandoned to avoid political violence
Little, Associate Professor and Reader, Political Theory – University of Melbourne, ‘10 (Adrian, “Democratic Melancholy: On the Sacrosanct Place of Democracy in Radical Democratic Theory,” Political Studies 58:5, p. 971 – 987) In recent years radical critiques … democracy’s foundations and its continuation. turns the case - reinforcing the discourse of democracy enables its hegemonic ideology to close off space to criticism and ensures marginalization of cultural, social, and economic exclusions
Little, Associate Professor and Reader, Political Theory – University of Melbourne, ‘10 (Adrian, “Democratic Melancholy: On the Sacrosanct Place of Democracy in Radical Democratic Theory,” Political Studies 58:5, p. 971 – 987) The main focus in radical … sover- eignty and the rule of law. Alternative: reject the terms of democracy altogether rejecting the terms of democracy itself acknowledges that democracy is always based on conflict - opening up space for alternative perspectives
Little, Associate Professor and Reader, Political Theory – University of Melbourne, ‘10 (Adrian, “Democratic Melancholy: On the Sacrosanct Place of Democracy in Radical Democratic Theory,” Political Studies 58:5, p. 971 – 987) Following the argument of theorists … and Levine, 2006; Ross, 2004). CP Text: The United States Federal Government should not condition its democracy assistance on the basis of human rights and/or the rule of law. Seperating the topic countries from the rest of US policy ignores exclusion
Anthony C. Alessandrini, Kingsborough Community College – City University of New York, 2011 “Toute décolonisation est une réussite; Les damnés de la terre and the African Spring” Journal of French and Francophone Philosophy | Revue de la philosophie française et de langue française Vol XIX, No 1, | jffp.org | DOI 10.5195/jffp.2011.474 Commentators and analysts who have … is starting to look rather less far- fetched. CASE No such thing as bare life
Cesare Casarino, professor of cultural studies and comparative literature at the University of Minnesota AND Antonio Negri 4, author of numerous volumes of philosophy and political theory. “It’s a Powerful Life: A Conversation on Contemporary Philosophy” Cultural Critique 57. AN: I believe Giorgio … subtract or neutralize our resistance. [End Page 174] Democratic states are biopolitical, but won’t cross the threshold to mass murder
Dickinson 4 (Edward Ross, Univ of Cincinnati, Central European History Vol 37 No 1)
And it is, of course… with quite radically differing potentials.91 A community based on being-in-common would be unsustainable
Gordon 4 (Andrew, Lee and Juliet Folger Fund Professor of History at Harvard University, “Review Study: Rethinking Area Studies, Once More,” Journal Of Japanese Studies, Vol. 30, No. 2, 2004, pg. 424-425) Okada draws on Giorgio Agamben …loyalties sufficient to allow its survival. No solvency – Agamben’s call for a new politics falls back on sovereignty
Andrew Norris 5, assistant professor of political science at the university of Pennsylvania, editor, Politics, Metaphysics, and Death: Essays On Giorgio Agamben’s Homo Sacer, pg. 276-277 It is one thing to suggest, … the limitations he attributes to logic. Community isn’t coming anytime soon – the state is inevitable
Cmiel 96 (Kenneth, “The Fate of the Nation and the Withering of the State”, American Literary History, Spring, p. 196, JSTOR, Professor of Cultural History at Iowa) If community cannot be a closed thing, … to the state will become permanent?
| 09/17/11 |
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| 11/11/11 |
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1nc v Vermont
- Tournament: Wake | Round: 2 | Opponent: | Judge:
<p class="Tag">T</p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="Tag">A. Your decision should answer the resolutional question: Is the enactment of topical action better than the status quo or a competitive option?</p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="Tag">1. “Resolved” before a colon reflects a legislative forum</p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="Cite">Army Officer School ‘04</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style=""> </span>(5-12, “# 12, Punctuation – The Colon and Semicolon”, </p><p class="MsoNormal"><ins><span style="font-size: 9pt; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% aqua;">The colon introduces</span></ins> <span style="font-size: 7pt;">the following: a. ...</span><ins><span style="font-size: 9pt; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% aqua;"> council petition the mayor</span></ins><ins><span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% aqua;">.</span></ins></p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="Tag">2. “USFG should” means the debate is <ins>solely about</ins> a policy established by governmental means</p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="Cite">Ericson ‘03</p><p class="MsoNormal">(Jon M., Dean Emeritus of the College of Liberal Arts – California Polytechnic U., et al., <ins>The Debater’s Guide</ins>, Third Edition, p. 4)</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 9pt;">The Proposition of Policy: Urging ... the future action that you propose.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="Tag">B. They claim to win the debate for reasons other than the desirability of topical action</p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="Tag">C. You should vote negative:</p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="Tag">1. <ins>Decisionmaking</ins>: Linking the ballot to a <em>should</em> question teaches the skills to organize pragmatic consequences <em>and </em>philosophical values into a course of action.</p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="Tag">2. <ins>Preparation and clash</ins>: Changing the question now leaves one side unprepared, resulting in shallow, uneducational debate. Requiring debate on a communal topic forces argument development and develops persuasive skills.</p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="Tag">DEMOCRACY K ABOVE</p><p class="Tag"><span style="">Twitter</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style=""> </span></p><p class="Tag">The focus on twitter as vital to the revolution leads to technological determinism</p><p class="MsoNormal">Barney <strong><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><ins>Warf</ins></span></strong>, Department of Geography, University of Kansas, 20<strong><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><ins>11</ins></span></strong>, “Myths, Realities, and Lessons of the Arab Spring”, The Arab World Geographer / Le Géographe du monde arab Vol 14, no 2 166-168</p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="MsoNormal">The mass insurrection in many ...that are essential to effective governance.</p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="Tag">turns the case - idealization of the media and internet as the key to the revolutions is exclusionary and attempts to obscure the history of western intervention in the region</p><p class="MsoNormal">Seif <strong><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><ins>Da’na</ins></span></strong> Department of Sociology, University of Wisconsin Parkside, Kenosha, WI U.S.A. 20<strong><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><ins>11</ins></span></strong> “The Mismeasure of Arabs: Culture and Revolution” The Arab World Geographer / Le Géographe du monde arab Vol 14, no 2</p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="MsoNormal"><span class="Underline" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% yellow;">We are told</span><span class="Underline"> that a few (</span><span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% yellow;">Western-) </span>... the formation of a new and better world.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style=""> </span></p><p class="Tag"><span style="">Reject the affirmative’s focus on western technology as the cause of the revolutions</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="Tag">Speed k</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style=""> </span></p><p class="Tag"><span class="Heading3Char" style="font-size: 13pt;">the 1ac’s rejection of speed is the worst possible political strategy. speed’s inevitable.</span><span class="Heading3Char" style="font-size: 13pt;"> </span><span class="Heading3Char" style="font-size: 13pt;">nostalgic attempts to turn back speed create a dangerous longing for a mythic past.</span><span class="Heading3Char" style="font-size: 13pt;"> </span><span class="Heading3Char" style="font-size: 13pt;">the risks of scapegoating and authoritarianism are much larger than even risky attempts at speed reappropriation</span></p><p class="MsoNormal">SMITH 04</p><p class="MsoNormal"><!startmacro:id|-|name="authbio"><!stopmacro> is a lecturer on Film Studies in the Department of Art History and Theory at The University of Sydney. His principle area of research interest is the temporality and form of the cinematic image, the place of technology and thought in generic and formal change and the range of theories useful for considering these aspects of cinema.</p><p class="MsoNormal">The Brain is the Milieu: Speed, Politics and the Cosmopolitan Screen</p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="MsoNormal">For Connolly, <span class="Heading3Char" style="font-size: 13pt; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% yellow;">political theory has not</span><span class="Heading3Char" style="font-size: 13pt;"> ...</span> restricted to the desire to democratise speed.</p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="Tag">WE SUBSUME THE AFF: WE HAVE TO EMBRACE VARIETIES OF SPEED, IN ORDER TO HAVE REAL DEMoCRATIC CONTESTATION.<span style=""> </span>THE WORST POSSIBLE MODEL IS A CALL TO SLOW DOWN</p><p class="MsoNormal">SMITH 04</p><p class="MsoNormal"> is a lecturer on Film Studies in the Department of Art History and Theory at The University of Sydney. His principle area of research interest is the temporality and form of the cinematic image, the place of technology and thought in generic and formal change and the range of theories useful for considering these aspects of cinema.</p><p class="MsoNormal">The Brain is the Milieu: Speed, Politics and the Cosmopolitan Screen</p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="MsoNormal">Connolly's "wager" is then that "<span class="Heading3Char" style="font-size: 13pt;">the </span><span class="Heading3Char" style="font-size: 13pt; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% yellow;">...different and perhaps incompatible speeds</span>.</p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="Tag">the alternative: reject their call to pause and their rejection of speed. <span style="">We as the neg think we need to revalue democracy and view democracy itself as the biggest value. We should separate democracy from security concerns, and especially the fear of nuclear annihilation. And instead of trying to program it for others we need to simply affirm it. W</span>e should accept speed and accept multiple timelines in an embrace of agonism through time rifts.<span style=""> </span>we can embrace all of the components of their speech act except for their naïve calls to slowness</p><p class="MsoNormal">CONNELLY 00</p><p class="MsoNormal">Speed, Concentric Cultures, and Cosmopolitanism</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;"></span>, Vol. 28, No. 5 (Oct., 2000), pp. 596-618</p><p class="MsoNormal">William E. Connolly is a political theorist and the Krieger-Eisenhower Professor of Political Science at Johns Hopkins University. He is known for his work on democracy, pluralism, and political theory. Connolly’s writings have pushed the edge of political theory for the last three decades. He is the principal architect of “new pluralism”, agonistic democracy, and has been instrumental in introducing postmodern philosophy into political theory.</p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="MsoNormal"><span class="Heading3Char" style="font-size: 13pt;">It may </span>forever <span class="Heading3Char" style="font-size: 13pt;">be impossible for ...</span> one country, one faith, or one philosophy.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style=""> </span></p><p class="Tag"><span style="">Case</span></p><p class="Tag"><span style=""> </span></p><p class="Tag"><span style="">No impact – speed promotes resiliency</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><ins>Thrift 4</ins></span></strong>, HEAD OF THE DIVISION OF LIFE AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES AND A PROFESSOR OF GEOGRAPHY AT THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD, (Nigel, But Malice Aforethought: Cities and the Natural History of Hatred Centre of Contemporary Culture of Barcelona, )</p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span style="font-size: 6pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 6pt;">In both old and more recent work, I have been ... are rapidly being incorporated into this burgeoning structure. </span><span style="font-size: 6pt;"> </span></p><p class="Tag"><span style=""> </span></p><p class="Tag"><span style="">Networked society is a prerequisite to the affirmative</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><ins>Hassan ‘5</ins></span></strong><span style=""> (ARC Senior Research Fellow, Media and Communications @ Univ. of Melbourne) (Robert, Timescapes of the Network Society, Fast Capitalism 1.1, </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style=""> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Power time has been undermined, but potential ...</span><span class="Underline" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% yellow;">something(s) we haven't yet dreamed of</span><span style="font-size: 8pt;">.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style=""> </span></p><p class="Tag"><span style="">Their claims to SOLVE ANXIETY through separating ourselves from the bomb denies RADICAL HISTORICITY – our anxiety is CONTINGENT, not STRUCTURAL.</span><span style=""> </span></p><p class="Cite">DAVIS 6</p><p class="MsoNormal">Death’s Dream Kingdom: The American Psyche Since 9/11</p><p class="MsoNormal">Ph.D. 1969 The University of Chicago (with Distinction)<br class="lineBreak"> English Language and Literature<br class="lineBreak"> Emphases: Literary Theory, Modern Literature M.A. 1966 Marquette University (with Honors)<br class="lineBreak"> English Language and Literature B.A. 1964 Marquette University (Cum Laude)<br class="lineBreak"> Double Major: English and Philosophy March 2002-Present: Professor Emeritus, The Ohio State University, Department of English September 1988-2002: Professor, The Ohio State University,<br class="lineBreak"> Department of English September 1977-June 1988: Associate Professor, The Ohio State University,<br class="lineBreak"> Department of English September 1969-June 1977: Assistant Professor, The University of California at Santa Barbara, Department of English</p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="MsoNormal">I Lesson Eight. <strong><span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% yellow;"><ins>The opposite drive,</ins></span></strong><strong><ins> however, ...</ins></strong> Pavlov's dogs salivated to the bell.,</p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="Tag"><span style="">Our anxiety about impacts is a HISTORICAL product of CONTINGENT anxiety over HIROSHIMA – not AHISTORICAL ESSENCE</span></p><p class="Cite" style="">DAVIS 6</p><p class="MsoNormal">Death’s Dream Kingdom: The American Psyche Since 9/11</p><p class="MsoNormal">Ph.D. 1969 The University of Chicago (with Distinction)<br class="lineBreak"> English Language and Literature<br class="lineBreak"> Emphases: Literary Theory, Modern Literature M.A. 1966 Marquette University (with Honors)<br class="lineBreak"> English Language and Literature B.A. 1964 Marquette University (Cum Laude)<br class="lineBreak"> Double Major: English and Philosophy March 2002-Present: Professor Emeritus, The Ohio State University, Department of English September 1988-2002: Professor, The Ohio State University,<br class="lineBreak"> Department of English September 1977-June 1988: Associate Professor, The Ohio State University,<br class="lineBreak"> Department of English September 1969-June 1977: Assistant Professor, The University of California at Santa Barbara, Department of English</p><p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style=""> </span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal"><strong><ins>Trauma occurs when something happens ...</ins></strong>can find new objects any time it needs them/</p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p>2NC</p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="Tag">case</p><p class="Tag"><span style=""> </span></p><p class="Tag"><span style="">anxiety about the terrorist attacks is a HISTORICAL product of CONTINGENT anxiety over HIROSHIMA – not AHISTORICAL ESSENCE</span></p><p class="Cite">DAVIS 6</p><p class="MsoNormal">Death’s Dream Kingdom: The American Psyche Since 9/11</p><p class="MsoNormal">Ph.D. 1969 The University of Chicago (with Distinction)<br class="lineBreak"> English Language and Literature<br class="lineBreak"> Emphases: Literary Theory, Modern Literature M.A. 1966 Marquette University (with Honors)<br class="lineBreak"> English Language and Literature B.A. 1964 Marquette University (Cum Laude)<br class="lineBreak"> Double Major: English and Philosophy March 2002-Present: Professor Emeritus, The Ohio State University, Department of English September 1988-2002: Professor, The Ohio State University,<br class="lineBreak"> Department of English September 1977-June 1988: Associate Professor, The Ohio State University,<br class="lineBreak"> Department of English September 1969-June 1977: Assistant Professor, The University of California at Santa Barbara, Department of English</p><p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style=""> </span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal"><strong><ins>Trauma occurs when something happens ...</ins></strong>find new objects any time it needs them/</p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="Tag"> </p><p class="Tag">democracy k</p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="Tag"><span style="">democracy is an empty signifier that cannot be reappropriated into a pure essence</span></p><p class="MsoNormal">Rex <strong><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><ins>Butler</ins></span></strong>, Professor @ the University of Queensland, 20<strong><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><ins>04</ins></span></strong>, "Slavoj Zizek: What is a Master-Signifier" </p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="MsoNormal">What this means is that, <span class="Underline" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% aqua;">because there is </span><span class="Underline">...</span> itself as pure difference (SO, 99).</p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="Tag"><span style="">the aff's democracy is impossible to universalize it relies on a void that cannot be eliminated but is instead idealized</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span class="Underline" style="">Jodi </span><strong><span class="Underline" style="font-size: 12pt;">Dean</span></strong><span class="Underline" style="">, Professor of Political Science at Hobart and William Smith Colleges in Geneva, NY, 20</span><strong><span class="Underline" style="font-size: 12pt;">05</span></strong><span class="Underline" style=""> "Zizek against Democracy"</span><span class="Underline" style=""> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="MsoNormal"><span class="Underline" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% aqua;">Zizek’s</span><span class="Underline"> theorization of </span><span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% aqua;">democracy relies on a conceptual </span>... to remain faithful to castration and, if so, why?</p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="Tag">link - "true" democracy</p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="Tag"><span style="">framing the aff as a truer democracy idealizes the very concept of democracy, leaving the exclusionary aspects unquestioned</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span class="CiteChar" style="font-size: 12pt;">Little</span>, Associate Professor and Reader, Political Theory – University of Melbourne, <span class="CiteChar" style="font-size: 12pt;">‘10</span></p><p class="MsoNormal">(Adrian, “Democratic Melancholy: On the Sacrosanct Place of Democracy in Radical Democratic Theory,” Political Studies 58:5, p. 971 – 987)</p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="MsoNormal">The kinds of questions that need to be ... of the major theorisations of radical democracy (Mann, 2006).</p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="Tag">alt/at: perm</p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="Tag"><span style="">the alt and plan are mutually exclusive - the alt rejects the threats of democracy theorists and refuses the very terms of democracy</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span class="CiteChar" style="font-size: 12pt;">Little</span>, Associate Professor and Reader, Political Theory – University of Melbourne, <span class="CiteChar" style="font-size: 12pt;">‘10</span> (Adrian, “Democratic Melancholy: On the Sacrosanct Place of Democracy in Radical Democratic Theory,” Political Studies 58:5, p. 971 – 987)</p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="MsoNormal">At the same time as the primary American ... radical theorists in such stark terms.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span class="Underline" style="text-decoration: none;"> </span></p><p class="Tag"><span style=""> </span></p><p class="Tag">t</p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style=""> </span></p><p class="Tag">And, turns the case – lack of preparation makes their advocacy meaningless</p><p class="MsoNormal">Gerald <span class="CiteChar" style="font-size: 12pt;">Graff</span>, University of English& Education, University of Illinois at Chicago, Clueless in Academe: How Schooling Obscures The Life of The Mind, <span class="CiteChar" style="font-size: 12pt;">‘3</span>, p. 11-12</p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="MsoNormal">But an even more important point ...<span class="Underline" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% aqua;">evading conflict helps obscure the life of the mind.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="Tag">neg interp is uniquely radical <ins>and</ins> effective – a focus on method divorced from policy change only wins half the battle of democracy</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span class="CiteChar" style="font-size: 12pt;">Guilhot</span>, research fellow – Social Science Research Council, prof sociology – LSE, <span class="CiteChar" style="font-size: 12pt;">‘5</span></p><p class="MsoNormal">(Nicolas, <ins>The Democracy Makers</ins>, p. 185-186)</p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="MsoNormal">This last point regarding the internationalization ...<span class="Underline" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% yellow;"> it difficult to assign them to specific</span>, socially <span class="Underline" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% yellow;">located actors</span><span class="Underline">.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
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| 11/12/11 |
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Civil Society K
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// Civil society promotion creates a divide between legitimate and illegitimate states that has no empirical basis and stifles local resistance Kopecky, and Mudde, 3 Petr Kopecky, University Leiden Associate Professor of Comparative Politics, and Cas Mudde, Cornell University associate professor of political science, Autumn 2003, Rethinking Civil Society, Democratization, Vol.10, No.3, pp.1–14 The distinction between civil and uncivil society ... groups and progressive social movements’.14 That justifies permanent warfare and decreases deliberation Volpi, director, Institute of Middle Eastern and Central Asian Studies– University of St Andrews, ‘11 (Frederic, “Framing Civility in the Middle East: alternative perspectives on the state and civil society,” Third World Quarterly, 32:5, 827-843) Through the various stages of social ... dynamics that underpin the community.21 The role of the ballot is to open a discussion on civil society – an academic evaluation that rejects Western promotion solves the case better Volpi, director, Institute of Middle Eastern and Central Asian Studies– University of St Andrews, ‘11 (Frederic, “Framing Civility in the Middle East: alternative perspectives on the state and civil society,” Third World Quarterly, 32:5, 827-843) Undoubtedly, in everyday civility-producing interactions, ... shun the usual concerns with ideological pigeonholing.
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| 11/12/11 |
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Democracy K
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// Democracy has reached its limit - it can no longer be reappropriated because it always seeks a paradoxical form of consensus - the only alternative to abandon the ideal of democracy altogether Saul Newman, Reader in Political Theory at Goldsmiths College, University of London, 2009 “Chapter 6 Politics in the Age of Control” in “Deleuze and New Technology” Edinburgh University Press p. 113-15 These developments in the ... rational con sensus (as in liberal discourse). imagining the ideal of democracy is impossible - democracy itself must be abandoned to avoid political violence Little, Associate Professor and Reader, Political Theory – University of Melbourne, ‘10 (Adrian, “Democratic Melancholy: On the Sacrosanct Place of Democracy in Radical Democratic Theory,” Political Studies 58:5, p. 971 – 987) In recent years radical critiques of ...foundations and its continuation. turns the case - reinforcing the discourse of democracy enables its hegemonic ideology to close off space to criticism and ensures marginalization of cultural, social, and economic exclusions Little, Associate Professor and Reader, Political Theory – University of Melbourne, ‘10 (Adrian, “Democratic Melancholy: On the Sacrosanct Place of Democracy in Radical Democratic Theory,” Political Studies 58:5, p. 971 – 987) The main focus in radical democratic theory ... and impeded debate about the nature of sover- eignty and the rule of law. Alternative: reject the terms of democracy altogether rejecting the terms of democracy itself acknowledges that democracy is always based on conflict - opening up space for alternative perspectives Little, Associate Professor and Reader, Political Theory – University of Melbourne, ‘10 (Adrian, “Democratic Melancholy: On the Sacrosanct Place of Democracy in Radical Democratic Theory,” Political Studies 58:5, p. 971 – 987) Following the argument of theorists like ... Newman and Levine, 2006; Ross, 2004). 2NC democracy is an empty signifier that cannot be reappropriated into a pure essence Rex Butler, Professor @ the University of Queensland, 2004, "Slavoj Zizek: What is a Master-Signifier" http://www.lacan.com/zizek-signifier.htm What this means is that, because there ... signifier itself as pure difference (SO, 99). the aff's democracy is impossible to universalize it relies on a void that cannot be eliminated but is instead fetishized Jodi Dean, Professor of Political Science at Hobart and William Smith Colleges in Geneva, NY, 2005 "Zizek against Democracy" Zizek’s theorization of democracy relies on ... faithful to castration and, if so, why? radical reappropriation of democracy fears losing democracy, reinforcing the hegemony of neoliberalism Little, Associate Professor and Reader, Political Theory – University of Melbourne, ‘10 (Adrian, “Democratic Melancholy: On the Sacrosanct Place of Democracy in Radical Democratic Theory,” Political Studies 58:5, p. 971 – 987) The failure to critique democracy in ... and ultimately impossible people or collective will’ (Howarth, 2008, p. 186, emphasis added). making democracy more plural fails to deconstruct the destructive hegemonic articulations of liberal democracy Little, Associate Professor and Reader, Political Theory – University of Melbourne, ‘10 (Adrian, “Democratic Melancholy: On the Sacrosanct Place of Democracy in Radical Democratic Theory,” Political Studies 58:5, p. 971 – 987) William Connolly has established a ... the inevitable limitations of democratic politics. the alt and plan are mutually exclusive - the alt rejects the threats of democracy theorists and refuses the very terms of democracy Little, Associate Professor and Reader, Political Theory – University of Melbourne, ‘10 (Adrian, “Democratic Melancholy: On the Sacrosanct Place of Democracy in Radical Democratic Theory,” Political Studies 58:5, p. 971 – 987) At the same time as the primary ... present the options for radical theorists in such stark terms. the affs reformulation of democracy is a melancholy that reinforces the democracy of the status quo - we must recognize democracy's constitutive failure Little, Associate Professor and Reader, Political Theory – University of Melbourne, ‘10 (Adrian, “Democratic Melancholy: On the Sacrosanct Place of Democracy in Radical Democratic Theory,” Political Studies 58:5, p. 971 – 987) This approach identifies the ‘constitutive ... by neo-liberal and neo-conservative approaches.
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| 02/15/12 |
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Speed K
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// the 1ac’s rejection of speed is the worst possible political strategy. speed’s inevitable. nostalgic attempts to turn back speed create a dangerous longing for a mythic past. the risks of scapegoating and authoritarianism are much larger than even risky attempts at speed reappropriation SMITH 04 Richard Smith is a lecturer on Film Studies in the Department of Art History and Theory at The University of Sydney. His principle area of research interest is the temporality and form of the cinematic image, the place of technology and thought in generic and formal change and the range of theories useful for considering these aspects of cinema. The Brain is the Milieu: Speed, Politics and the Cosmopolitan Screen http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/theory_and_event/v007/7.3smith.html For Connolly, political theory has not ... is not restricted to the desire to democratise speed. WE SUBSUME THE AFF: WE HAVE TO EMBRACE VARIETIES OF SPEED, IN ORDER TO HAVE REAL DEMoCRATIC CONTESTATION. THE WORST POSSIBLE MODEL IS A CALL TO SLOW DOWN SMITH 04 Richard Smith is a lecturer on Film Studies in the Department of Art History and Theory at The University of Sydney. His principle area of research interest is the temporality and form of the cinematic image, the place of technology and thought in generic and formal change and the range of theories useful for considering these aspects of cinema. The Brain is the Milieu: Speed, Politics and the Cosmopolitan Screen Connolly's "wager" is then that "the accelerated ...and perhaps incompatible speeds. specific reappropriation: we should identify with the speed war and use it to make war on ourselves and the militarism within MILLER 9 Aesthetic of Strength: the Air Force Memorial and Virilio’s Last War Volume 12, Issue 1, 2009 Char Roone Miller is an associate professor at George Mason University where he teaches political theory. His book, Cities on the Plains, about the political consequences of dead and undead gods, will be out this year. He can be reached atcmillerd@gmu.edu For Virilio this explains the ... war against their dominant tastes and desires. the alternative: reject their call to pause and their rejection of speed. instead, we should accept speed and accept multiple timelines in an embrace of agonism through time rifts. we can embrace all of the components of their speech act except for their naïve calls to slowness CONNELLY 00 Speed, Concentric Cultures, and Cosmopolitanism Political Theory, Vol. 28, No. 5 (Oct., 2000), pp. 596-618 William E. Connolly is a political theorist and the Krieger-Eisenhower Professor of Political Science at Johns Hopkins University. He is known for his work on democracy, pluralism, and political theory. Connolly’s writings have pushed the edge of political theory for the last three decades. He is the principal architect of “new pluralism”, agonistic democracy, and has been instrumental in introducing postmodern philosophy into political theory. It may forever be impossible for ... by one country, one faith, or one philosophy. 2NC ANTI-SPEED TARGETTING WILL EXPLICITLY BLAME AND PERSECUTE DISEMPOWERED MINORITES FOR THE NEW SPEED. CONNELLY 2 William E. Connolly is a political theorist and the Krieger-Eisenhower Professor of Political Science at Johns Hopkins University. He is known for his work on democracy, pluralism, and political theory. Connolly’s writings have pushed the edge of political theory for the last three decades. He is the principal architect of “new pluralism”, agonistic democracy, and has been instrumental in introducing postmodern philosophy into political theory Of course, a tense balance must be ... to foster such an accusatory culture. SECOND, THEY TOSS THE BABY WITH THE BATHWATER. really good SPEED CAN SOLVE ALL THE VALUE OF THEIR SPEECH ACT. IT BREAKS UP THE SEDIMENTATION OF EXISTENT IDENTITIES AND power STRUCTURES. IT ALSO ALLOWS NEW CROSS-BORDER LINKAGES. THAT’S BOTH SMITH 4 CARDS AND THE CONNELLY ALTERNATIVE. MORE EVIDENCE. CONNELLY 00 Speed, Concentric Cultures, and Cosmopolitanism Political Theory, Vol. 28, No. 5 (Oct., 2000), pp. 596-618 William E. Connolly is a political theorist and the Krieger-Eisenhower Professor of Political Science at Johns Hopkins University. He is known for his work on democracy, pluralism, and political theory. Connolly’s writings have pushed the edge of political theory for the last three decades. He is the principal architect of “new pluralism”, agonistic democracy, and has been instrumental in introducing postmodern philosophy into political theory. “The more speed increases the faster freedom dccrcascs.1” But what if the compression of distance ... of life already operative on most territories today.
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Orientalism K
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//American perspectives of the Arab Revolutions are dominated by orientialist dogma Fred M. Shelley, Department of Geography and Environmental Sustainability, University of Oklahoma, 2011 “Orientalism, Idealism, and Realism: The United States and the “Arab Spring”” The Arab World Geographer / Le Géographe du monde arab Vol 14, no 2, 169-173 During the winter and early spring of 2011, ... implement democracy in their home countries. The master narrative of democracy assistance creates static ontological understandings between self and other - constructed threats are used to wage war on this other MATTERN 2005 – ASSISTANT PROF IR LEHIGH MILLENNIUM, VOL 33 NO 3, PAGE 585-587 And yet, as Jean Francois Lyotard has famously ... who wish to effectively accumulate and wield 'soft' power. orientalist discourse justifies war and genocide in the name of white Western ideology PINAR BATUR, Department of Sociology, Vassar College, 2007 "Heart of Violence: Global Racism, War, and Genocide" p. 446-449 http://swauop.yolasite.com/resources/Handbook_Of_The_Sociology_Of_Racial_And_Ethnic_Relations.pdf#page=443 Albert Memmi argued that “We have no ... dizzying frequency. The 21st century opened up with genocide, in Darfur. alternative: reject the affirmatives pernicious epistemology of the violent other the aff is not a NEUTRAL representation of politics - we must question the affirmatives depiction of the east as violent before we can create EFFECTIVE policy Arshin Adib-Moghaddam, Reader in Comparative Politics and International Relations at SOAS, University of London, Honorary Fellow of the University of Cambridge's European Trust Society and he was the first Jarvis Doctorow Fellow at St Edmund Hall, University of Oxford, 2011 "A metahistory of the clash of civilizations" HURST & COMPANY, LONDON One has to be very careful not to force or ... expanding narrative about them within specific contexts. 2NC the exclusionary logic of orientalism legitimates itself through oppression, violence, and unending war on the other - creating a self-fulfilling prophecy that culminates in massive wars and extinction Arshin Adib-Moghaddam, Reader in Comparative Politics and International Relations at SOAS, University of London, Honorary Fellow of the University of Cambridge's European Trust Society and he was the first Jarvis Doctorow Fellow at St Edmund Hall, University of Oxford, 2011 "A metahistory of the clash of civilizations" HURST & COMPANY, LONDON I have started to argue that the clash ... of a clash of civilisation into a seemingly highly realistic fact. Democracy assistance precludes alternative modes of resistance Hobson, Post-Doctoral Fellow, Department of International Politics – Aberystwyth University, ‘8 (Christopher, “Democracy as Civilisation,” Global Society, Vol. 22, No. 1, January) Democracy’s determining role in a new standard ... incredibly powerful idea(l) plays in world politics. ontology disad - rhetorical engagement with the middle east is based on dualistic orientalist identity construction - this dichotomy makes domination inevitable and combination impossible MUNIF 2006 – PHD CANDIDATE UMASS-AMHERST DEPT SOCIOLOGY MEDIA IS THE CONTINUATION OF WAR, MIT E-JOURNAL OF MIDDLE EAST STUDIES, VOL 6 Third, an understanding of the way Islam ... question the foundations of European modernity Debate over DISCOURSE is the most important for DEMOCRACY ASSISTANCE - its a critique topic Elliott, School of Public Policy – University College of London, ‘9 (Cathy, “The Day Democracy Died: The Depoliticising Effects of Democratic Development,” Alternatives 34(3), p. 249 – 274) Burnell perceptively argues that, because they ... has internal legitimacy within the Pakistani political culture.118 Focus on method and discourse is key to effective Mid East studies Lockman, Chair – Department of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies @ NYU, Spring ‘5 (Zachary, “Critique from the Right: The Neo-conservative Assault on Middle East Studies,” The New Centennial Review 5.1, Muse) But there is a larger issue at stake here. At the ... been very interested in engaging with critical perspectives.
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Imperialism K
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//Democracy assistance creates an imperial relation to the Middle East that prevents indigenous democracy Slater, Dept of Geography – Loughborough University, ‘6 (David, “Imperial powers and democratic imaginations,” Third World Quarterly Vol. 27, No. 8) But how do these varied points relate to the ... seven years than any other Latin American leader. rhetorical engagement with the middle east is based on dualistic orientalist identity construction - this dichotomy makes domination inevitable MUNIF 2006 – PHD CANDIDATE UMASS-AMHERST DEPT SOCIOLOGY MEDIA IS THE CONTINUATION OF WAR, MIT E-JOURNAL OF MIDDLE EAST STUDIES, VOL 6 Third, an understanding of the way Islam ... question the foundations of European modernity the underside of democracy assistance is american military imperialism - these contradictory political objectives create identity conflicts in the region JOYA 2005 – PHD CANDIDATE YORK U THEORIZING US IMPERIAL STRATEGIES IN THE MIDDLE EAST, YCISS PAPER # 37, DECEMBER While the establishment of monopoly control over ...of the empire as a result of its own policies. Causes permanent warfare Slater, Dept of Geography – Loughborough University, ‘6 (David, “Imperial powers and democratic imaginations,” Third World Quarterly Vol. 27, No. 8) In a similar vein to Gill, they suggest that, while ... spreading freedom and democracy, as will be discussed below. Alternative: reject democracy assistance and embrace the political agency of the Arab Spring. Calls for external intervention strip political agency – resistance should start as a bottom-up movement Bayat, Professor of Sociology and Middle Eastern studies – U Illinois, ‘9 (Asef, Life as politics: how ordinary people change the Middle East, p. 2-7) Given these constraints, an alternative view postulates ... fraud in the presidential elections of June 12, 2009) pushing for democratic reform. Vote no to embrace the revolutions Slavoj Zizek, International Director @ the Birkbeck Institute for the Humanities, 2010 “Living in the End Time But can Europe deliver such a thing? There are ... their message is not anti-European, but amounts to a demand for more Europe.48 2NC MIDDLE EASTERN IMPERIALISM ROOT CAUSE OF EXTINCTION SCENARIOS – WAR AND FASCISM SANTOS 2006 – LA EDITOR AND WRITER APACALYPSE NO, WWW.COUNTERPUNCH.ORG, 7-29/30 It's simple. And obvious. We find ourselves ..., limited but ceaseless resource wars, and the thousand year reign of the Anti-Christ - a permanent new Reich. Their other option is Armageddon. View their impacts with suspicion its a constructed result of epistemological imperialism Seif Da’na Department of Sociology, University of Wisconsin Parkside, Kenosha, WI U.S.A. 2011 “The Mismeasure of Arabs: Culture and Revolution” The Arab World Geographer / Le Géographe du monde arab Vol 14, no 2 The ongoing Arab revolts can most easily be ... weeks later, to the collapse of the Mubarak regime. structural root cause claims trump proximate impacts - ditching mechanistic explanation and accounting for agency is the only democratic METHODOLOGY R. Radhakrishnan Chancellor's Professor, English, School of Humanities Chancellor's Professor, Comparative Literature, 2006 boundary 2 33:3 “When Is Democracy Political?” Profound as Wolin’s symptomatic reading is, ... , and nations, and as a philosophical question regarding the Self-Other problematic. Statistics and analysis used to promote democracy are fabricated and used to achieve self-fulfilling objectives Elliott, School of Public Policy – University College of London, ‘9 (Cathy, “The Day Democracy Died: The Depoliticising Effects of Democratic Development,” Alternatives 34(3), p. 249 – 274) **NOTE: DFID = UK Department for International Development So far, so uncontroversial, perhaps. Would we ... a stultifying move, which radically undermines the role of politics. their claims of specificity are a smokescreen used to displace blame for the neocolonial model Jahn, Professor of International Relations – University of Sussex, ‘7 (Beate, “The Tragedy of Liberal Diplomacy: Democratization, Intervention, Statebuilding (Part II),” Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding, 1:2, 211-229) The very same criticisms – romanticization of the ... Hippel 1999; Marten 2002/03; Barton and Crocker 2003; Williams and Young 1994: 96). fear of the people is used to consolidate power - indentifying with the people is key - if there are enough then we can impose an egalitarian alternative Peter Hallward, Centre for Research in Modern European Philosophy at Kingston University, 22 February 2011 “Arab uprisings mark a turning point for the taking” http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2011/feb/22/arab-uprisings-world-order-middle-east In the late 1940s, Simone de ... not just the Middle East but also the world as a whole. The post political form of modern American government is DEMOCRACY WITHOUT DEMOCRACY– it’s a drive for consensus rather than expressing the will of the people Saul Newman, Reader in Political Theory at Goldsmiths College, University of London, 2009 “Chapter 6 Politics in the Age of Control” in “Deleuze and New Technology” Edinburgh University Press p. 113-15 These developments in the control society ... or a universal rational con sensus (as in liberal discourse). Imperialism’s unsustainable Peter Hallward, Centre for Research in Modern European Philosophy at Kingston University, 22 February 2011 “Arab uprisings mark a turning point for the taking” http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2011/feb/22/arab-uprisings-world-order-middle-east At the same time, the imperial power ... to set and limit the political agenda. clinging to the current order is the most violent option - the alternative embraces the end of a corrupt geopolitical era - forcing the US to look down at the abyss Slavoj Žižek, international director of the Birkbeck Institute for the Humanities,10 February 2011 “For Egypt, this is the miracle of Tahrir Square” http://www.guardian.co.uk/global/2011/feb/10/egypt-miracle-tahrir-square Although combative, the message of the ... , bribery with raised salaries – to squash the will to freedom. the us is the only one who creates violent regimes – the revolutions prove that the public is nonviolent Mohammed Abu-Nimer, International Peace and Conflict Resolution Program, American University, 2011 “Non-violent Resistance in the Arab World: The Demythologizing of Essentialist Myths about Arab Societies” The Arab World Geographer / Le Géographe du monde arab Vol 14, no 2 153-159 3. Military Intervention Is the Only Way to Introduce Democracy in the Arab World Since the late 1950s, the military and ... corruption continue to permeate both societies. elite negotiation means that corrupt neocolonials are SEIZE the revolution to reconsolidate their power Nigel C. Gibson, Professor @ Emerson College, 2011 “The New North African Syndrome; A Fanonian Commemoration” Journal of French and Francophone Philosophy, Vol XIX, No 1 () pp 23-35 If it is the insurrectionary mobilizations of the ... play, “the old and the new, his own and those of the occupant.” Events are a product of agency they are chose and embraced not predicted like rube goldberg devices or billiard balls William E. Connolly, Professor @ Johns Hopkins University Sunday, April 3, 2011 “The Politics of The Event” http://contemporarycondition.blogspot.com/2011/04/politics-of-event.html The rebellions in Eastern Europe, the collapse of the ... or nostalgia for long, slow modes of temporality. Realism contradicts democracy promotion – they will take authoritarian regimes if it means helping US interests Fred M. Shelley, Department of Geography and Environmental Sustainability, University of Oklahoma, 2011 “Orientalism, Idealism, and Realism: The United States and the “Arab Spring”” The Arab World Geographer / Le Géographe du monde arab Vol 14, no 2, 169-173 The United States, of course, prides itself on being the ... relationships between these governments and the West. People don’t get a say Rahnema, Prof @ American University-Paris, ‘98 (Majid, The Post Development Reader, page 385-387) A major argument advanced in ... by them for obtaining credits of another kind. AT: Perm Stable transition is a guise for CORRUPT cooption by an imperialist puppet Slavoj Žižek, international director of the Birkbeck Institute for the Humanities,10 February 2011 “For Egypt, this is the miracle of Tahrir Square” http://www.guardian.co.uk/global/2011/feb/10/egypt-miracle-tahrir-square When President Obama welcomed the uprising as a ... of "feeling alive" is not buried by cynical realpolitik.
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Schmitt K
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//Sovereignty and conflict are inevitable - Calls to universal humanity do not erase otherization - they internalize it. This prevents open contestation forcing endless violence in the name of a universal humanity. Only embracing divisions allows a resistance to play out, limiting political violence. Prozorov 6 (Sergei, Professor of International Relations in the Department of International Relations, Faculty of Politics and Social Sciences, Petrozavodsk State University, Russia, “Liberal Enmity: The Figure of the Foe in the Political Ontology of Liberalism”, Millennium - Journal of International Studies 2006 35: 75) At the same time, the practical implementation of ... and to deny the same to the enemy.50 Their strategy of universal change is a pipedream which wages total war against difference – our alternative is to endorse local movements to place limits on conflict Rasch 4 (William Professor of Germanic Studies Indiana University Sovereignty and its discontents: on the primacy of conflict and the structure of the political Pg. 69-70) 8/28/11 We can elaborate this basic insight and ... absolute ones. And these must be absolutely eliminated.8 Their project’s creation of absolute enemies opens the ONLY possibility for nuclear annihilation Sauer-Thompson 6 (From the partisan to the political Long Sunday Gary Sauer-Thompson, author of the weblog Philosophical Conversations Jun 12, 2006 http://www.long-sunday.net/long_sunday/2006/06/can_carl_schmit.html) 8/26/11 So the theory of the partisan presupposes a ... door for the work of annihilation of an absolute enmity. 2NC impact uniqueness - inequality is inevitable - the underside of political equality is exclusion elsewhere - as difference is eliminated - conflict goes underground and becomes more difficult to stop Rasch 5 (William, Henry H. H. Remak Professor of Germanic Studies at Indiana University, “Lines in the Sand: Enmity as a Structuring Principle”, The South Atlantic Quarterly 104:2, Spring) Schmitt, then, starts from the premise of ... opponent, not a lyon or tyger or other savage beast. turns the case - the plan’s gesture of inclusion is violent colonialism – the middle east and north africa cannot remade in our own ideal image, which takes out solvency Vote negative to challenge the sovereign’s call for social engineering Rasch 3 (William, Henry H. H. Remak Professor of Germanic Studies at Indiana University, “Human Rights as Geopolitics”, Cultural Critique, 54, Spring 2003, pp. 120-147) In the past, we/they, neighbor/foreigner, ... horse. The truly important question remains: who decides? The impact is unending war against alterity in the name of universal order Odysseos 8 (Dr. Louiza, Senior Lecturer at the Department of International Relations at the University of Sussex, “Liberalism’s War, Liberalism’s Order: Rethinking the Global Liberal Order as a ‘Global Civil War’”, March 17) First, global civil war is that war-order in ... claim to overcome’ (Habermas and Derrida 2003: 99) Permutation is impossible – perm and plan are mutually exclusive Rasch 4 (William Professor of Germanic Studies Indiana University Sovereignty and its discontents: on the primacy of conflict and the structure of the political Pg. 71) 8/28/11 These two visions of the political are ... it not disappear once the end is achieved? you can’t affirm and reject liberalism Prozorov 6 (Sergei, Professor of International Relations in the Department of International Relations, Faculty of Politics and Social Sciences, Petrozavodsk State University, Russia, “Liberal Enmity: The Figure of the Foe in the Political Ontology of Liberalism”, Millennium - Journal of International Studies 2006 35: 75) In contrast, the barbarian is simply the ... one’s belonging to nature and humanity.
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Twitter K
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//1NC - TWITTER The focus on twitter as vital to the revolution leads to technological determinism Barney Warf, Department of Geography, University of Kansas, 2011, “Myths, Realities, and Lessons of the Arab Spring”, The Arab World Geographer / Le Géographe du monde arab Vol 14, no 2 166-168 The mass insurrection in many Arab ... that are essential to effective governance. turns the case - idealization of the media and internet as the key to the revolutions is exclusionary and attempts to obscure the history of western intervention in the region Seif Da’na Department of Sociology, University of Wisconsin Parkside, Kenosha, WI U.S.A. 2011 “The Mismeasure of Arabs: Culture and Revolution” The Arab World Geographer / Le Géographe du monde arab Vol 14, no 2 We are told that a few (Western-) educated ... initiate the formation of a new and better world.
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Nuclearism K
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//Contemplation of future armageddon displaces the work of our relationship to hiroshima. we trivialize our past horrors by comapring them to an imagined war to come. this representational strategy has bankrupted itself – only the backwards turn is intellectually meaningful FOARD 97 Imagining Nuclear Weapons: Hiroshima, Armageddon, and the Annihilation of the Students of Ichijo School Author(s): James H. Foard Source: Journal of the American Academy of Religion, Vol. 65, No. 1 (Spring, 1997), pp. 1-18 Published by: Oxford University Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1465816 Professor Department of Religious Studies Arizona State University Tempe, Arizona 85287-3401 (602) 965-2067 (602) 965-5139 (FAX) james. @asu.edu EDUCATION 1977 Stanford University, Ph.D., Religious Studies, Dissertation Title: Ippen Shonin and Popular Buddhism in Kamakura Japan. 1972 Stanford University, M.A., Religious Studies. 1970 College of Wooster, B.A., Religion. PROFESSIONAL POSITIONS Arizona State University, Associate Professor, Religious Studies Department, 1983-present. Hiroshima Shudo University, Visiting Professor, Department of Sociology, April, 1990 - March, 1991. Exchange Professor, Department of Sociology, Hiroshima Shudo University, March-August, 1989. Arizona State University, Assistant Professor, Religious Studies Department, January, 1977-1983. Stanford University, Visiting Associate Professor, Religious Studies Department, Winter - Spring, 1987. Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, Visiting Fellow, Institute for the Study of Asian and African Languages and Cultures, 1983. Tokyo University of Education, Lecturer, Faculty of Letters, Japan, 1975-1976. From virtually the moment that Americans ... fundamentally different possibilities for that reflection images of total nuclear war are a symptom of incomplete mourning – it’s an addictive neurotic response to hiroshima. THE ENDPOINT IMPACT IS a final escape from our guilt in a self-fulfilling prophecy. LAMARRE 8 Thomas Lamarre teaches in the Department of East Asian Studies and the Department of Art History and Communication Studies at McGill University. He is the author of Shadows on the Screen: Tanizaki Jun'ichirô on Cinema and Oriental Aesthetics (2005). Volume 16, Number 1, Spring 2008 Born of Trauma: Akira and Capitalist Modes of Destruction Images of atomic destruction and ... nuclear holocaust is as much and maybe more of a danger today than ever before. reject the aff’s call to action to solve nuclear war to engage in melancholic mourning. this strategy is both necessary and sufficient to solve nuclear violence. PERLMAN 88 IMAGINAL MEMEORY AND THE PLACE OF HIROSHIMA Medical doctor, McLean Hospital, degree achieved, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine Completed: 1965 There is a unique value in remembrances of ... within the bounds of the place of Hiroshima. 2NC hiroshima’s guilt drives all foreign policy – it makes repetition inevitable DAVIS 6 Death’s Dream Kingdom: The American Psyche Since 9/11 Ph.D. 1969 The University of Chicago (with Distinction) English Language and Literature Emphases: Literary Theory, Modern Literature M.A. 1966 Marquette University (with Honors) English Language and Literature B.A. 1964 Marquette University (Cum Laude) Double Major: English and Philosophy March 2002-Present: Professor Emeritus, The Ohio State University, Department of English September 1988-2002: Professor, The Ohio State University, Department of English September 1977-June 1988: Associate Professor, The Ohio State University, Department of English September 1969-June 1977: Assistant Professor, The University of California at Santa Barbara, Department of English The development traced above offers us a way to ... increased explosions in order to avoid a psychological implosion Any link is enough– links cannot be “residual” in this context. DAVIS 6 Death’s Dream Kingdom: The American Psyche Since 9/11 Ph.D. 1969 The University of Chicago (with Distinction) English Language and Literature Emphases: Literary Theory, Modern Literature M.A. 1966 Marquette University (with Honors) English Language and Literature B.A. 1964 Marquette University (Cum Laude) Double Major: English and Philosophy March 2002-Present: Professor Emeritus, The Ohio State University, Department of English September 1988-2002: Professor, The Ohio State University, Department of English September 1977-June 1988: Associate Professor, The Ohio State University, Department of English September 1969-June 1977: Assistant Professor, The University of California at Santa Barbara, Department of English The key to understanding the power of the ... one of its parts, is to blind us to history/ INSTRUMENTALIZATION DA: harnessing hiroshima and nagasaki to a policy outcome annhilates the meaning of death through exploitation FOARD 97 Imagining Nuclear Weapons: Hiroshima, Armageddon, and the Annihilation of the Students of Ichijo School Author(s): James H. Foard Source: Journal of the American Academy of Religion, Vol. 65, No. 1 (Spring, 1997), pp. 1-18 Published by: Oxford University Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1465816 Professor Department of Religious Studies Arizona State University Tempe, Arizona 85287-3401 (602) 965-2067 (602) 965-5139 (FAX) james. @asu.edu EDUCATION 1977 Stanford University, Ph.D., Religious Studies, Dissertation Title: Ippen Shonin and Popular Buddhism in Kamakura Japan. 1972 Stanford University, M.A., Religious Studies. 1970 College of Wooster, B.A., Religion. PROFESSIONAL POSITIONS Arizona State University, Associate Professor, Religious Studies Department, 1983-present. Hiroshima Shudo University, Visiting Professor, Department of Sociology, April, 1990 - March, 1991. Exchange Professor, Department of Sociology, Hiroshima Shudo University, March-August, 1989. Arizona State University, Assistant Professor, Religious Studies Department, January, 1977-1983. Stanford University, Visiting Associate Professor, Religious Studies Department, Winter - Spring, 1987. Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, Visiting Fellow, Institute for the Study of Asian and African Languages and Cultures, 1983. Tokyo University of Education, Lecturer, Faculty of Letters, Japan, 1975-1976. In addition to the seeming impossibility of ... cheapen it by relating it to other goods and evils. anti-terrorist lashout is a symptom of the denial of history; military policy’s driven by Hiroshima psychosis DAVIS 6 Death’s Dream Kingdom: The American Psyche Since 9/11 Ph.D. 1969 The University of Chicago (with Distinction) English Language and Literature Emphases: Literary Theory, Modern Literature M.A. 1966 Marquette University (with Honors) English Language and Literature B.A. 1964 Marquette University (Cum Laude) Double Major: English and Philosophy March 2002-Present: Professor Emeritus, The Ohio State University, Department of English September 1988-2002: Professor, The Ohio State University, Department of English September 1977-June 1988: Associate Professor, The Ohio State University, Department of English September 1969-June 1977: Assistant Professor, The University of California at Santa Barbara, Department of English I Lesson Two. Ground zero. As Chapter 1 showed, the ... one exorcises what one cannot face about oneself. hiroshima is the root cause of the eco-crisis – the same flight from the reality of the psyche leads to environmental destruction DAVIS 1 DERACINATION: HISTORICITY, HIROSHIMA AND THE TRAGIC Ph.D. 1969 The University of Chicago (with Distinction) English Language and Literature Emphases: Literary Theory, Modern Literature M.A. 1966 Marquette University (with Honors) English Language and Literature B.A. 1964 Marquette University (Cum Laude) Double Major: English and Philosophy March 2002-Present: Professor Emeritus, The Ohio State University, Department of English September 1988-2002: Professor, The Ohio State University, Department of English September 1977-June 1988: Associate Professor, The Ohio State University, Department of English September 1969-June 1977: Assistant Professor, The University of California at Santa Barbara, Department of English Nature thereby becomes the thing that is ... makes "sense," one in which nothing can be said.38 hiroshima good/bad debates only obscure its psychic reality – the justification debate itself is an attempt to move past the event DAVIS 1 DERACINATION: HISTORICITY, HIROSHIMA AND THE TRAGIC Ph.D. 1969 The University of Chicago (with Distinction) English Language and Literature Emphases: Literary Theory, Modern Literature M.A. 1966 Marquette University (with Honors) English Language and Literature B.A. 1964 Marquette University (Cum Laude) Double Major: English and Philosophy March 2002-Present: Professor Emeritus, The Ohio State University, Department of English September 1988-2002: Professor, The Ohio State University, Department of English September 1977-June 1988: Associate Professor, The Ohio State University, Department of English September 1969-June 1977: Assistant Professor, The University of California at Santa Barbara, Department of English For an American reflecting on these issues, ... Hiroshima the inaugural post¬modern act. AND Reject their Cold War activism as obsolete – nuclear fear is now only regressive and counterproductive, so we must return to Hiroshima FOARD 97 Imagining Nuclear Weapons: Hiroshima, Armageddon, and the Annihilation of the Students of Ichijo School Author(s): James H. Foard Source: Journal of the American Academy of Religion, Vol. 65, No. 1 (Spring, 1997), pp. 1-18 Published by: Oxford University Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1465816 Professor Department of Religious Studies Arizona State University Tempe, Arizona 85287-3401 (602) 965-2067 (602) 965-5139 (FAX) james. @asu.edu EDUCATION 1977 Stanford University, Ph.D., Religious Studies, Dissertation Title: Ippen Shonin and Popular Buddhism in Kamakura Japan. 1972 Stanford University, M.A., Religious Studies. 1970 College of Wooster, B.A., Religion. PROFESSIONAL POSITIONS Arizona State University, Associate Professor, Religious Studies Department, 1983-present. Hiroshima Shudo University, Visiting Professor, Department of Sociology, April, 1990 - March, 1991. Exchange Professor, Department of Sociology, Hiroshima Shudo University, March-August, 1989. Arizona State University, Assistant Professor, Religious Studies Department, January, 1977-1983. Stanford University, Visiting Associate Professor, Religious Studies Department, Winter - Spring, 1987. Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, Visiting Fellow, Institute for the Study of Asian and African Languages and Cultures, 1983. Tokyo University of Education, Lecturer, Faculty of Letters, Japan, 1975-1976. Despite their deep suspicion of the ... still recoil from peeking under the mushroom cloud. only rejecting a future for a past orientation solves hidden obscene desire for the bomb MCCANNELL 84 Baltimore in the Morning... After: On the Forms of Post-Nuclear Leadership Author(s): Dean MacCannell Source: Diacritics, Vol. 14, No. 2, Nuclear Criticism (Summer, 1984), pp. 33-46 Published by: The Johns Hopkins University Press Dean MacCannell is a cultural critic, a professor of landscape architecture, and vice-chair of the geography graduate program at the University of California, Davis. Thinking about the "Bomb" always has taken ... growing desire to experience the Bomb.
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Terror K
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//terror discourse constructs a scenario of perpetual war in which every fear must be fulfilled by violent outbursts Richard Jackson, Reader in International Politics at Aberystwyth University, UK and founding editor of the Routledge journal, Critical Studies on Terrorism 2005 "Writing Wars on Terrorism: The Rhetoric of Counter-Terrorism from Ronald Reagan to George W. Bush Jr" The approach to counter-terrorism constructed ... and weakened international rules and norms.
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Iran K
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//Independent of plan mechanics, the absolute factual claims of their impact and timeframe create the emergency mentality they denounce – we simply don’t know the status of Iranian nuclear programs, but their assertions of CERTAINTY and ABSOLUTE PROBABILITY based on facts misrepresent the world to create the fear that upholds nuclear apartheid Izadi et al 7 Foad Izadi & Hakimeh Saghaye-Biria Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Foad Izadi received his master's degree in mass communication studies and his bachelor's degree in economics from the University of Houston. His master's thesis was "A Discourse Analysis of American Newspaper Editorials: The Case of Iran's Nuclear Program," for which he received distinction. Phd Candidate, Louisiana State University, 2007 Journal of Communication Inquiry, Volume 31 Number 2 April 2007 140-165 © 2007 Sage Publications, 10.1177/0196859906298073, http://jci.sagepub.com hosted at http://online.sagepub.com http://www.payvand.com/news/07/apr/JCI-Iran-Foad-Izadi.pdf Despite the certainty with which Iran is ... but the timing of such an event in the near future. Demonization of Iran through neoconservative prolif rhetoric justifies the logic of endless interventions and a Fourth World War. This outweighs the case by ensuring the continual replication of multiple structurally parallel scenarios Adib-Moghaddam, Arshin Adib-Moghaddam, Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, 07 “Manufacturing war: Iran in the neo-conservative imagination” Third World Quarterly, Volume http://www.informaworld.com.turing.library.northwestern.edu/smpp/title%7Econtent=t713448481%7Edb=all%7Etab=issueslist%7Ebranches=28 - v2828, Issue 3 April 2007 , pages 635 – 653 But the empirical evidence suggests that the ... think that it serves the liberation of mankind.
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Muslim Brotherhood K
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//notions of moderation establishes a divide between those in the middle east who valuable and those who aren't - it constructs a burden to "civilize" the fundamentalists in the name of our interests to spread democracy - this makes conflict worse because we can never fully achieve moderation - leading to endless wars like iraq and afghanistan Halil Ibrahim Yenigun, graduate student at the University of Virginia, Department of Politics, Charlottesville, Virginia, 2002 "Muslims and the Media after 9/11: A Muslim Discourse in the American Media?" The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 21:3 Rhetorical Strategies in the Coverage of 9/11 and the War on Afghanistan Differentiation: The most remarkable shift in ... spiritual home of the Taliban. But there’s still much more work to be done.52 division between moderate and extremist groups essentializes what is understood as fundamentalist - the blurred line makes any muslim a potential fundamentalist - allowing totalitarian control over any rights movement Halil Ibrahim Yenigun, graduate student at the University of Virginia, Department of Politics, Charlottesville, Virginia, 2002 "Muslims and the Media after 9/11: A Muslim Discourse in the American Media?" The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 21:3 Thus, the mainstream American media has ... as a site of resistance to the dominant discourse.
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North Africa Focus K
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//Seperating the topic countries from the rest of US policy ignores exclusion Anthony C. Alessandrini, Kingsborough Community College – City University of New York, 2011 “Toute décolonisation est une réussite; Les damnés de la terre and the African Spring” Journal of French and Francophone Philosophy | Revue de la philosophie française et de langue française Vol XIX, No 1, | jffp.org | DOI 10.5195/jffp.2011.474 Commentators and analysts who have ... is starting to look rather less far- fetched. separating out "revolutionary africa" from "black africa" results in imperialism Keith Hart, anthropologist who lives in Paris, where he has recently entered a number of collaborations with French intellectuals. He is Professor of Anthropology Emeritus at Goldsmiths, University of London and Honorary Professor in both the School of Development Studies, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban and the Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Pretoria, February 7, 2011, "CLR James and the idea of an African revolution" http://thememorybank.co.uk/2011/02/07/clr-james-and-the-idea-of-an-african-revolution/ Events in Tunisia and Egypt have brought back ... generally should not be underestimated. alt - reject the aff's focus on the North African Revolutions only rejecting these geographies can create more emancipatory revolutions across the world Oliver Kearns, Pambazuka News 2011-03-31, Issue 523 "Côte d’Ivoire, Libya and the 'Arab Spring'" http://pambazuka.org/en/category/features/72169 Talk of an 'Arab Spring' carries with it the ... geographies – of a 'Spring' across all continents. 2NC The focus on North Africa is a racist methodology that must be rejected Alik Shahadah 2K5 [Owen director, African academic, writer, musician, photographer and music producer, www.itzcaribbean.com/linguistics_african.php] Sub-Saharan Africa is a Racist Construction The notion of some invisible border, which ... Ethnic differences do not mean racial differences. they reterritorialize the space of "topic countries" - that allow eurocentrism and empire to express their hegemonic power over the people - its an expression of inequality Clayton, 2 Critical Theory- University of St. Andrews, Scotland, Postcolonial Geographies, http://www.janushead.org/6-2/blunt&mcewanreview.pdf Empire casts a long shadow over the ... and re-territorialization and ongoing landscaping of power.
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Qatar CP
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//A power vacuum left by a limited US role has allowed Qatar to seize leadership and bolster their regional credibility Economist, 11/5 (The rise of Qatar: Pygmy with the punch of a giant, http://www.economist.com/node/21536659) In any event, Qatar punches far above ... on the back of such a success. Qatari influence key to stabilize Afghanistan Hughes, 11/3 (Foreign Policy Strategist, New World Strategies Coalition http://www.huffingtonpost.com/michael-hughes/qatar-west-relations_b_1073374.html) I came to appreciate the depth of Qatar's ... across Afghan society's ethnic, tribal and sectarian mosaic. Afghanistan stability key to prevent global nuclear war Morgan 7 (Stephen John, former National Executive Officer of the British Labour Party, his responsibilities included international relations, ethnic minority work, women’s issues, finance, local government and organization, he specialised particularly in international crisis situations spending long periods working in Belfast, in efforts to overcome sectarian strife and terrorism, former Director of WIC, a research and publishing company based in London, he went to live in Budapest during the Gorbachov period from where he helped build opposition groups in the underground in Hungary, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria and East Germany, Stephen left active politics in the early 1990 and came to live in Brussels, where he established and managed his own publishing company, has lived and worked in more than 27 different countries, including underground political work during the troubles in in Northern Ireland and war in Yugoslavia, http://www.electricarticles.com/display.aspx?id=639) Although disliked and despised in many ... Taliban Afghanistan, than a Taliban NUCLEAR Pakistan! 2NC Filling power vacuums is key to their strategy Hroub, 10/21 (Director of the Media Program at the Gulf Research Center - University of Cambridge, http://www.todayonline.com/World/EDC111021-0000118/Qatars-source-of-Arab-Spring-is-Al-Jazeera) As for Qatar itself, Sheikh Al Thani ... have spawned - has only strengthened Qatar's position. Qatar playing a leading role in MENA politics now Financial Times, 11/16 (“Doha Unbound”, http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/7bede6c6-1069-11e1-8010-00144feabdc0.html#axzz1e530GTW4) Wedged on a tiny promontory between ... leaders have even offered to mediate in Yemen. Qatar bolstering regional influence by supporting democratic movements Peel, 12/16 http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/da8fc0c2-258c-11e1-9cb0-00144feabdc0.html#axzz1gjkI5meL, Wealthy state with a big presence Transcending its tiny size and ... to raise the pressure on the Syrian regime. As for Qatar itself, Sheikh Al Thani provided ... have spawned - has only strengthened Qatar's position. Absence of US leadership is a prerequisite to Qatar gaining ground Labott, 11 (CNN Senior State Department Producer, "U.S., allies face unease without U.S. at helm of Libya mission," 4/16, articles.cnn.com/2011-04-16/world/libya.us.policy_1_libya-moammar-gadhafi-american-leadership/2?_s=PM:WORLD) Countries like China, Turkey and ... Enterprise Institute says, it's also a game of risk. Most recent evidence proves---Qatari leadership is dependent on the lack of US leadership Badran, 11/3 (Research Fellow-Foundation for Defense of Democracies, http://www.nowlebanon.com/NewsArticleDetails.aspx?ID=329004&MID=0&PID=0) In the entire drama of the negotiation ... Assad, the Qataris would be first to face retaliation. Overt US-Qatar partnership would sink their regional influence---empirics prove Hamid, 10 (President-Brookings Doha Center, http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2010/12/the-qatar-model-a-new-way-forward-for-the-middle-east/67908/) In 1995, Hamad bin Khalifa al-Thani ... Obama than they were in the final years of the Bush administration. Qatari must avoid visible partnerships with the US to maintain status as an honest broker Roberts, 9/28 (Deputy Director of the Royal United Services Institute in Qatar, http://www.foreignaffairs.com/print/68221) On the surface, such actions appear ... remains a small country in a precarious part of a volatile region. The permutation will cause the US to overshadow Qatar Smith, 9/5 (Sr. Editor-The Weekly Standard, "The Little Emirate That Could," www.weeklystandard.com/articles/little-emirate-could_591432.html?page=2) The fact is that outside the Libyan rebels, elements ... the phone. And that’s all Qatar wants—to stay on everyone’s speed dial. Afghanistan collapse outweighs—triggers every scenario for great power nuclear war Carafano, 10 (1/2, Sr. Fellow-Heritage Foundation, http://gazettextra.com/news/2010/jan/02/con-obama-must-win-fast-afghanistan-or-risk-new-wa/) We can expect similar results if Obama’s ... incapable of defending the interests of its nations. Draws in Russia, China, and India Pitt 9 (William, a New York Times and internationally bestselling author of two books: "War on Iraq: What Team Bush Doesn't Want You to Know" and "The Greatest Sedition Is Silence." “Unstable Pakistan Threatens the World,” 5/8, http://www.arabamericannews.com/news/index.php?mod=article&cat=commentary&article=2183) But a suicide bomber in Pakistan rammed ... gravely serious about addressing the situation. So should we all. Qatari soft power critical to brokering a deal with the Taliban to stabilize Afghanistan—they are the only actor that can do it The Peninsula (Qatar), 9/13 (US Seeks Qatar Help for Taliban Talks, http://www.thepeninsulaqatar.com/qatar/165076-us-seeks-qatar-help-for-taliban-talks-report.html) DOHA: A reported move by the US ... cannot be simply be defeated militarily.” Qatar is ideally suited to assist MENA transitions---unique credibility with relevant parties Smith, 9/1 (senior editor at the Weekly Standard and a fellow at the Foundation for Defense of Democracies, http://www.tabletmag.com/news-and-politics/76635/broadcast-news/) From the American perspective, Qatar ... still a U.S. ally—America’s one real friend in the Middle East. Qatar would employ Western experts to advise the process but still avoid the backlash associated with an overt US presence Mainen, 7-25 Matthew Mainen, policy analyst at the Institute for Gulf Affairs, 7-25-2011, Mainen Middle East Analysis, http://mainen.blogspot.com/2011/07/saudis-dangerous-role-in-syria.html Matthew Mainen said... I'd suggest that USAID stick to the ... circumstances, using Qatar as a proxy is the only real option. Leading from the front not sustainable Switzer, 10/22 (http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/22/opinion/22iht-edswitzer22.html, Research Associate-United States Studies Center at the University of Sydney) SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA — Whether it was worth doing ... neither willing nor able to pay for a new American Century. The model of the counterplan is key to lock-in hegemony—must delegate responsibility Patrick, 11 (6/3, Senior Fellow and Director, Program on International Institutions and Global Governance http://blogs.cfr.org/patrick/2011/06/03/summer-reading-ikenberry’s-liberal-leviathan/) You can find that argument in John Ikenberry’s ... the rise of non-traditional threats, have all made it harder to manage world order. Heavy-handed US involvement backfires—new environment requires a low-profile Lizza, 11 (5/2, The New Yorker’s Washington correspondent, http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2011/05/02/110502fa_fact_lizza?currentPage=all) The one consistent thread running through .... “But it’s necessary for shepherding us through this phase.” ♦ Only the counterplan makes US hegemony effective Remnick, 9/5 (Editor of The New Yorker, http://www.newyorker.com/talk/comment/2011/09/05/110905taco_talk_remnick) With what results? There are no sure ... don’t need to trumpet your victory. Qatar wants to push Yemen towards stability Mason, 11 (Reuters Columnist-4/14, http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/04/14/us-usa-qatar-idUSTRE73D8LX20110414) Qatar, an absolute monarchy of ... and deadly clashes with security forces.
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EU CP
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//EU can solve Tunisian transition ECFR 11 (ECFR Roundtable, February 2011 Paris : “Democracy and Human Rights in North Africa and Europe’s Response”. http://www.ecfr.eu/page/-/North_Africa_roundtable_Paris_Report.pdf) TBC 6/26/11 A number of suggestions were offered for ... the process of electoral scrutiny throughout the process. EU Solves Egypt and avoids the disads Kennedy, 11 [Gillian, PhD candidate in Middle Eastern Studies at King's College London. Her PhD examines coercive and consensual counter-hegemonic strategies within the Egyptian Islamist movement from the Nasserite period up until the demise of Islamist terrorist activities in 1997, February 17, 2011, “ Egypt's Revolution is Europe's Reawakening,” http://www.atlantic-community.org/index/articles/view/Egypt's_Revolution_is_Europe's_Reawakening] This was a chance for the Obama ... Europe in 2011 were the revolutionaries of 1989.
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'Assistance' Word PIC
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//The term assistance implies a one-sided transfer of skills and resources—it is mutually exclusive with a collaborative relationship that is necessary for a more genuine interaction and effective sharing of knowledge McGinn, 4 (Fmr Harvard Professor, Journal of International Cooperation in Education, Vol.7, No.1, (2004) pp.15) The term “assistance” or “aid” generally ... misgivings about the costs of continuing (Brinkerhoff & Goldsmith 2003). The term assistance implies charity given to passive recipients---changing the terminology is necessary to challenge the unequal power relationship that impedes effective solutions to global health problems Raymond, 3 (Director of Policy Programs--New York Academy of Sciences, Foreign Affairs, March-April, Lexis) This division between charity and investment ... as the basis for continued investment. The word assistance denotes a top-down management process that turns countries into passive recipients of aid Tandon, 4 (Dir-Southern and Eastern African Trade Information and Negotiations Initiative—Zimbabwe, http://www.nsi-ins.ca/english/pdf/Reality_of_Trade.pdf) Oddly, years after the OECD and UN ... by the WTO to the developing countries. The terminology of assistance and the top-down and paternalistic ethos that is the root cause of all of their harms---we must replace it with the idea of collaborative partnerships Minter, 2 (Sr. Fellow—Africa Action, 7/8, http://www.thenation.com/doc/20020708/booker) The Africa trip of Treasury Secretary Paul ... the vertical donor-recipient dichotomy. 2NC And it outweighs the case---paternalism results in colonialist implementation of foreign policy that psychologically enslaves recipients and ensures the failure of aid Holdt, 3 (Creator of American Pictures, http://www.american-pictures.com/english/racism/articles/aid.htm) What I saw - to state it simply - was a ..., but also easily the most paternalistic racists. The terminal impact is extinction Feagin, 6 (Fmr President-American Sociological Association, Systemic Racism: A Theory of Oppression, P. 9) Indeed, this planet will not survive ... racial oppression and other major social oppressions. Adding new language can’t alter the perceptions driven by use of the term assistance---the discourse of development has a huge impact on people’s self-image and overall view of projects Faye, 6 Sociology—University of Bergen, http://www.niaslinc.dk/gateway_to_asia/nordic_webpublications/x506017582.pdf Starting with the assumption that the issue of ..., is central in the understanding of development aid in it self.
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'Democracy Assistance' Word PIC
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//The term democracy assistance exploits nationalist discourse to justify endless war Habibi 7 (Behnum, contest winner at the University of Washington, “The Manipulation and Exploitation of Nationalism” e.g. online, 5/14/08, http://depts.washington.edu/egonline/2008/05/2006-07-winner-the-manipulation-and-exploitation-of-nationalism-by-behnum-habibi/#1) The usefulness of nationalism is not in ... to employ the discussed rhetorical strategies.
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Saudi DA
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//US-Saudi relations are high but vulnerable Gause 11, Professor of Political Science, University of Vermont, (F. Gregory, "Saudi Arabia in the New Middle East," December, www.cfr.org/saudi-arabia/saudi-arabia-new-middle-east/p26663) U.S. analysts tend to not only exaggerate ...will characterize the relationship more than a common worldview. Breakdown of relations spurs Saudi prolif Lippman, 8/5 (Sr. Adjunct Scholar-Council on Foreign Relations, http://www.susris.com/2011/08/05/saudi-arabia’s-nuclear-policy-lippman/) So let us suppose that Saudi Arabia’s currently ... Arabia might emerge less secure, rather than more. That causes global nuclear war Edelman, 11 (Jan/Feb, Distinguished Fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments & Former U.S. Undersecretary of Defense for Policy, Foreign Affairs, http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/67162/eric-s-edelman-andrew-f-krepinevich-jr-and-evan-braden-montgomer/the-dangers-of-a-nuclear-iran) There is, however, at least one state that ... lead to a new Great Game, with unpredictable consequences.
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Egypt Conditioned Aid DA
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//Egypt aid conditioned now Roth 12/29/11 Kenneth, executive director of Human Rights Watch, in tweet http://twitter.com/#!/KenRoth Worth noting: US military aid to #Egypt is now conditioned on respect for freedom of assembly & association. ANY EXCEPTIONS to status quo human rights conditionality destroy the credibility of our message Human Rights First 12/19/11 http://www.humanrightsfirst.org/2011/12/19/u-s-government-must-use-aid-leverage-to-prevent-further-human-rights-violations-in-egypt/ Human Rights First condemns the ... democracy in Egypt and the broader region,” noted Hicks. Conditioning only way to save the transition and avoid massive instability Lynch and Cook 12/6/11 Marc Lynch is an associate professor of political science at George Washington University. Steven A. Cook is a senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations http://www.khaleejtimes.com/DisplayArticle08.asp?xfile=/data/opinion/2011/December/opinion_December24.xml§ion=opinion Egyptians lined up last week to vote ... political changes needed to deliver on that hope.
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Islamaphobia K
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//Islamaphobia K: 1. Essentialism. ‘Islamophobia’ portrays all Muslims as defined by Islam—locks in discrimination and anti-Muslim alarmism Halliday, professor of international relations – London School of Economics, ‘99 (Fred, “`Islamophobia’ reconsidered,” Ethnic and Racial Studies Volume 22, Number 5, p. 892-902, September) No subject in contemporary public discussion ... on its application to the contemporary world. 2. Islamophobia discourse is backdoor censorship—crowds out legitimate criticism of Islam by conflating the religion with the people Malik, Fellow – Royal Society of Arts, history and philosophy of science – Imperial College, writer, lecturer, broadcaster – BBC, ‘5 (Kenan, “The Islamophobia Myth,” Prospect, February, http://www.kenanmalik.com/essays/prospect_islamophobia.html) Pretending that Muslims have never ... concerns that they seem to have been left out. That causes extinction D’Souza, Anthropology @ Oxford, ‘95 (Frances, http://www.ifla.org/faife/papers/guest/dsouza.htm) Freedom of expression is probably... spur to war, suffering and conflict today. The alternative is to adopt the term “anti-Muslimism”—that’s a better way to situate our ideological relationship with the Middle East Saeed, Senior Lecturer in Media and Cultural Studies – University of Sunderland, ‘7 (Amir, “Media, Racism and Islamophobia: The Representation of Islam and Muslims in the Media,” Sociology Compass Volume 1, Issue 2, p. 443-462, November) Halliday (1996, 160), however, notes that a distinction must be made between Islamophobia and anti-Muslimism The tone of this rhetoric is often alarmist, ... a religion not fear of the people who follow Islam 1NR: Islamophobia discourse obliterates contingency and difference Lorente, PhD, Social Anthropology – University of Granada, researcher – Casa Árabe e Instituto Internacional de Estudios Árabes y del Mundo Musulmán, ‘10 (Javier Rosón, “Discrepancies Around the Use of the Term “Islamophobia”,” HUMAN ARCHITECTURE: JOURNAL OF THE SOCIOLOGY OF SELF-KNOWLEDGE, VIII, 2, Fall) Parallel to this, inclusion of the ... regional, national and international level. Specifically, invoking Islamophobia as the root cause of political conflict is deeply essentializing Lorente, PhD, Social Anthropology – University of Granada, researcher – Casa Árabe e Instituto Internacional de Estudios Árabes y del Mundo Musulmán, ‘10 (Javier Rosón, “Discrepancies Around the Use of the Term “Islamophobia”,” HUMAN ARCHITECTURE: JOURNAL OF THE SOCIOLOGY OF SELF-KNOWLEDGE, VIII, 2, Fall) In fourth and last place we should ... as discourse associated to the death of Theo van Gogh, etc. D-Rule --- speech key to all other values Susan Dwyer, U Maryland, ‘1 (The Nordic Journal of Philosophy 2, “Free Speech”) Let us return to the central topic: free ... in one place, we strengthen (protect) it everywhere. CASE: Islamophobia has zero causal relevance and you can’t solve it because it’s so nebulous Bleich, professor of political science – Middlebury, ‘11 (Erik, “What Is Islamophobia and How Much Is There? Theorizing and Measuring an Emerging Comparative Concept,” American Behavioral Scientist, 55(12) p. 1581-1600) Islamophobia is a widely used concept in ... and consequences of Islamophobia with any precision. Means no impact and no solvency Bleich, professor of political science – Middlebury, ‘11 (Erik, “What Is Islamophobia and How Much Is There? Theorizing and Measuring an Emerging Comparative Concept,” American Behavioral Scientist, 55(12) p. 1581-1600) Given the inherent difficulties in doing so, is it ... the foundation for more informed public debates and for more effective policy decisions. Not the root cause Joppke, professor of politics – American University of Paris, PhD Sociology – Berkeley, ‘9 (Christian, “Limits of Integration Policy: Britain and Her Muslims,” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Volume 35, Issue 3) The Runnymede report defines Islamophobia ... ‘the West’ is asked to swallow what on the other side would qualify as phobia. Alt cause—Western media images Saeed, Senior Lecturer in Media and Cultural Studies – University of Sunderland, ‘7 (Amir, “Media, Racism and Islamophobia: The Representation of Islam and Muslims in the Media,” Sociology Compass Volume 1, Issue 2, p. 443-462, November) As late back as 1993, Ahmed noted that ... ‘East’ was constructed (Said 1978).
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