Text: The President of the United States should issue an executive order to...

Executive orders control policy and set agendas

Mayer 1 [Kenneth, Professor in the Department of Poli Sci @ University of Wisconsin-Madison, Executive Orders and Presidential Power, pg. 28-29]

This theoretical perspective offered by the new institutional
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structure context over which they have no control.

Executive orders bypass Congressional opposition – avoids politics 

Ostrow 87 [Steven, partner in the Business Department and chairs the Financial Restructuring and Bankruptcy Practice Group, B.A., cum laude, from the University of Vermont, .D. from The George Washington University National Law Center, “Enforcing Executive Orders: Judicial Review of Agency Action Under the Administrative Procedure Act” George Washington Law Review, 55 Geo. Wash. L. Rev. 659]

In this era of the "Imperial Presidency
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legislation" or "government by executive order."

A. SKFTA will pass but PC is key 

Palmer 9/2 Doug, Reuters Reporter, " Analysis: Obama's trade legacy in a crucible this fall," 2011, http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/09/02/us-usa-obama-trade-idUSTRE7814CZ20110902
After a slow start that has frustrated U
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votes in the Senate to approve the trade pacts

B. Libyan assistance drains capital

The Atlantic 3/28/11 (“Wary Warriors: The American Public and Libya” http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2011/03/wary-warriors-the-american-public-and-libya/73125/)
The dilemma in Libya is clear. The
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Mediterranean turns into a long and arduous journey. 

C. SKFTA key to US-South Korea alliance, regional stability, global free trade and hegemony
Hiatt 10 – Editor of the Washington Post editorial page editor, 10
[Fred, Washington Post, 4-12-10, “Will the U.S. commit to free trade with South Korea?”, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/04/11/AR2010041102508.html, accessed 6-30-11]
In a world of dangerously failed states and
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S., in that regard, are timeless."
 
D. Asian instability triggers massive impacts – nuclear escalation, climate chaos, global agriculture, the economy, & causes prolif
Hamel-Green 10 – Victory University Executive Dean,  & Hayes, Nautilus Institute Executive Director [Peter & Michael, 1-5-10, “The Path Not Taken, the Way Still Open: Denuclearizing the Korean Peninsula and Northeast Asia”, 1-5-10, http://www.nautilus.org/publications/essays/napsnet/reports/10001HayesHamalGreen.pdf/view, accessed 7-1-11]
The consequences of failing to address the proliferation
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that warrants priority consideration from the international community.

A. Interpretation and Violation - The affirmative must specify its agent within the United States Federal Government in the plan text.

Government power is divided into 3 branches
Rotunda, professer of law at the University of Illinois, 2001 [Richard, l8 Const. Commentary 3I9, "THE COMMERCE CLAUSE, THE POLITICAL QUESTION DOCTRINE, AND
MORRISON", l/n, (m7,06)]

No one denies the importancc of the Constitution's
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splitting it between two Houses of Congress. nl2

B. Voters

1) Solvency Deficit: 90% of solvency is dependent on implementation
Elmore in 1980 (Prof. Public Affairs at University of Washington, PolySci Quarterly 79-80, p. 605)
The emergence of implementation as a subject for
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remaining 90 percent in the realm of implementation.

A. Interpretation - Substantially increase democracy assistance means increasing by at least 10 million dollars
CBO (Congressional Budget Office) The Role of Foreign Aid in Development May 1997 http://www.cbo.gov/doc.cfm?index=8&type=0&sequence=2
This study focuses on three primary issues.
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amount in 1973 still received it in 1993.

A. Interpretation
Richard Lappin 2010 [PhD Candidate: Democracy Assistance to Post-Conflict Countries (University of Leuven, Belgium) Independent Democracy and Elections Assistance Consultant] Central European Journal of International & Security Studies What We Talk About When We Talk About Democracy Assistance: The Problem of Definition in Post-Conflict Approaches to Democratisation
Democracy assistance can be most accurately defined as
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society groups, media groups and political parties.

Terrorism can’t be solved by democracy; democratization only makes terrorism stronger by giving terrorists state power

Francis Fukuyama [professor of international political economy and director of the International Development Program at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies] and Michael McFaul [Hoover Senior Fellow, professor of political science, director of the Center on Democracy, Development, and Rule of Law at Stanford, nonresident associate at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace; member of TWQ’s editorial board] 2007 Should Democracy Be Promoted or Demoted? The Center for Strategic and International Studies and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Published by The Washington Quarterly, Winter 2007-08
http://www.twq.com/08winter/docs/08winter_fukuyama.pdf

In retrospect, this reading of the sources
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are hostile to the United States and Israel.

Tribal tensions prevent solvency and will lead to civil war
Miller 11 (Middle East analyist for Global Comment, “Disrupting the Domino Theory: Libya and Bahrain,” http://globalcomment.com/2011/disrupting-the-domino-theory-libya-and-bahrain/).
If Libya’s protests succeed, making Gaddafi step
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of extensive loss, rather than inspiring hope.  

Plan is a drop in the bucket—alt causes to instability overwhelm
Rueters 11 (“Where does Libya go from here?”, August 25, 2011, http://www.peacefare.net/?p=4447)
Even if that works, it is only
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vital to keeping a democratic transition on track.

Plan can’t overcome immediate and structural barriers to stability—economy and tribalism
US News 11 (Seven Challenges for Post-Gaddafi Libya, August 23, 2011, http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2011/08/23/7-challenges-for-post-qadhafi-libya?PageNr=2)
The Transitional National Council, which is expected
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up with a lot of troughs and depressions."

ramewo

AT Terrorists Use Atomic Bomb
No technical capacity to steal, transport or build the bomb
Steven Chapman, columnist and editorial writer for the Chicago Tribune, 2/8/2008, Who’s Still Afraid of Osama?, p. http://reason.com/news/show/124874.html

Ever since Sept. 11, 2001,
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worst eventuality is one that will never happen.
AT Nuclear

1. The best expert on the subject says it’s impossible for terrorists to acquire nukes

Sterngold 4 (James, Staff, http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2004/04/18/MNGP9673BG1.DTL&ao=3, dw: 4-18-2004, da: 7-9-2011, lido)
Michael May, a former director of the
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to this possibility for years," May said.  

2. Terrorists won’t get nukes

Gertz and Lake 10 (Bill and Eli, Washington Times, http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2010/apr/14/obama-says-terrorist-nuclear-risk-is-growing/?page=1, dw:4-14-2010, da: 7-6-2011, lido)

However, Brian Jenkins, author of the
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Syria and instability in nuclear-armed Pakistan.

3. Nuclear terrorism can’t succeed – too many hurdles

Levi 7 (Michael, CFR Fellow for Science and Technology and , http://www.cfr.org/weapons-of-mass-destruction/likely-nuclear-terrorist-attack-united-states/p13097, dw: 4-17-2007, da: 7-6-2011, lido)
We should not, however, underestimate the
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quick to ignore small chances of terrorist failure.

There is no such thing as culture; assigning blame to it only reifies Otherization and is the root cause of their impacts
Don Mitchell [Department of Geography, University of Colorado] There's no such thing as culture: towards a reconceptualization of the idea of culture in geography, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, New Series, Vol. 20, No. 1 (1995), pp. 102-116 http://www.jstor.org/stable/622727

This reconceptualization of 'culture' as AND world is, therefore, doubly
important.
The alternative is to reject the representations of the 1AC advocacy as a first step towards confronting power.
Only rejecting the notion of culture can we determine how to deconstruct power
Don Mitchell [Department of Geography, University of Colorado] There's no such thing as culture: towards a reconceptualization of the idea of culture in geography, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, New Series, Vol. 20, No. 1 (1995), pp. 102-116 http://www.jstor.org/stable/622727

The value of recognizing that AND be done figuring that out.

Text: We believe the better way to confront exclusionary practices of debate is to remove the discussion from the confines of an intercollegiate debate ROUND. Instead, tournament hosts should confront issues of exclusion in whatever way the hosting squad believes is best. We suggest that James Madison adopt a practice of hosting a public forum wherein we could discuss the exclusionary practices of the debate community and that each judge and observer resolve to promote similar forums at other tournaments and community events. 

The Counterplan solves the 1AC better for a few reasons:
First, attempting to create recognition through a competitive debate round is structurally flawed since there are no written records of decisions and there is little collective memory of what happened in any given debate.
Atchison and Panetta, 09
(Jarrod Atchison, Phd Rhetoric University of Georgia, Assistant Professor and Director of debate at Wake Forest University, and Edward Panetta, Phd Rhetoric Associate Professor University of Pitt and Director of Debate at Georgia, Intercollegiate Debate and Speech Communication, Historical Developments and Issues for the Future, “Intercollegiate Debate and Speech Communication: Issues for the Future,” The Sage Handbook of Rhetorical Studies, Lunsford, Andrea, ed. (Los Angeles: Sage Publications Inc., 2009) p. 317-334)
In addition to the structural AND losses of their own debaters.

Second, using the competitive debate format to generate change does not generate the necessary coalitions – it just makes the losing team scapegoats for the community’s problems, which causes a focus on “how to win” rather than “how to make the community better.” It turns the case.
Atchison and Panetta, 09 (Jarrod Atchison, Phd Rhetoric University of Georgia, Assistant Professor and Director of debate at Wake Forest University, and Edward Panetta, Phd Rhetoric Associate Professor University of Pitt and Director of Debate at Georgia, Intercollegiate Debate and Speech Communication, Historical Developments and Issues for the Future, “Intercollegiate Debate and Speech Communication: Issues for the Future,” The Sage Handbook of Rhetorical Studies, Lunsford, Andrea, ed. (Los Angeles: Sage Publications Inc., 2009) p. 317-334)
Competition has been a critical AND problems in the debate community.

The IA budget is capped. New spending trades off with other assistance
Lester – 11 (International Affairs Budget Update, 8-2-11, By Molly Lester, US Global Leadership Coalition)
Under this new budget agreement AND passed the House in June.

New cuts will disproportionately trade off with aid for humanitarian crises
Chen - 11 (Michelle, The Budget Line Neither Party’s Willing To Defend: Foreign Aid, ColorLines, News for Action, Feb 11)
Foreign countries are traditionally easy AND curb deadly but treatable diseases.

The USFG will recall its ambassador to Syria, publically declare Assad’s rule illegitimate, initiate diplomatic contacts with Syrian opposition leaders, and apply multilateral diplomatic pressure to remove Assad from power. 

First, the counterplan solves the case advantages

Badran - 11 

These lamentations are a self-fulfilling AND murders people in the street.

Second, The counterplan solves best.  The Syrian people must manage the transition themselves and training the Syrian opposition would be counterproductive.
Schenker & Tabler - 2011 (PolicyWatch, In search of leverage with Syria, June 14, David Schenker is the Aufzien fellow and director of the Program on Arab Politics at The Washington Institute. Andrew Tabler is the Institute's Next Generation fellow.

Enhance relations with the opposition AND potentially, help hasten its demise. 

A. Interpretation and Definitional Support – A vote for the affirmative means voting for a topical and instrumental affirmation of the resolution introduced in the 1AC.

1.  Should denotes expectation of enacting a plan

            American Heritage Dictionary – 2k [www.dictionary.com]

                  3 Used to express probability or expectation

2.  United States Federal government is the agent

            Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2k [http://encarta.msn.com]

            “The federal government of the United States is centered in Washington DC.”

B. Violation – They are not a topical and or/instrumental affirmation of the resolution.

C. Education Voters

1. Education about state institutions is critical for effective resistance – the 1AC advocacy has no possibility of changing anything.

Grossberg, 1992 (Lawrence – Prof. of communications at University of Illinois, WE GOTTA GET OUT OF THIS PLACE, p. 56)

The demand for moral and ideological purity often

AND

, even if they are impure and compromised.

2. Switch-side prevents tunnel vision which turns their impact

Luckhardt and Bechtel 1994 (C. Grant and William, How to do Things with Logic, p 179)

This diagram indicates that first the arguers present

AND

against A than the one you have presented.

3. Focused Research — Necessary for meaningful education. Otherwise our research will be all over the map. If you shoot for nothing that’s what you’ll hit.

D. Fairness Voters

1. Predictable limits – the resolution is the agreed upon condition of the debate, that’s a jurisdictional voting issue and necessary for contestation.

Shivley 2000 Ruth Lesl Shively, Professor of Politics at Texas A&M, 2000 [Partisan Politics and Political Theory, p. 181-2]

In most cases, however, our agreements

AND

contestation rests on some basic agreement or harmony.

H. Advocacy-based debate causes a focus on “how to win” rather than “how to make the community better.” Turns the case.

Atchison and Panetta, 2009 (Jarrod Atchison, PhD Rhetoric University of Georgia, Assistant Professor and Director of debate at Wake Forest University, and Edward Panetta, Phd Rhetoric Associate Professor University of Pitt and Director of Debate at Georgia, Intercollegiate Debate and Speech Communication, Historical Developments and Issues for the Future, “Intercollegiate Debate and Speech Communication: Issues for the Future,” The Sage Handbook of Rhetorical Studies, Lunsford, Andrea, ed. (Los Angeles: Sage Publications Inc., 2009) p. 317-334)

Competition has been a critical component of the

AND

solutions to diversity problems in the debate community.

1. Focus on “theorizing” turns the left into spectators

Richard Rorty, Professor of Philosophy @Stanford, ’98, Achieving our Country

I said earlier that we now have,

AND

within which to fit an ongoing historical process.

2. That leads to the rise of a totalitarian new right and multiplies the effect of all their impacts

Richard Rorty, Professor of Philosophy @ Stanford, ’98, Achieving our Country

At that point, something will crack.

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country of Lincoln and Whitman might be achieved.

A.    Rationality and modernism self-destruct.  The alternative is post-rationalist seduction.

Dr. Miller 04 (Dr Robert Miller Existentialist Society Lecture December 2004, Baudrillard s Philosophy Of Seduction: an overview)

To appreciate Baudrillard s philosophy of Seduction what

AND

, is a philosophy which does just that.

B.    The self described firebrand lesbian novelist Sage Sweetwater explains:

Small Pox Blankets

arm scratched
 with something out of a bottle
 genocide of dirty politics

distribution hollywood trade
 buffalo hides set the stage
 cover up politics with smallpox blankets

film tent set up on a hill
 croaking of the raven
 howling of the wolf

eaten by maggots
 infected politics
 deadly outbreak

cold water plunge
 governor hears
 malicious extortion

spreading smallpox through the council
 film screen preferring
 death to surrender

C.   The seduction either solves or it doesn’t

Dr. Miller 04 (Dr Robert Miller Existentialist Society Lecture December 2004, Baudrillard s Philosophy Of Seduction: an overview)

There is a twofold movement in Baudrillard s

AND

meanings and seduce them back to the abyss.

A.  The US has agreed to refrain from substantial democracy promotion in the Middle East

Bhadrakumar - 11 (Apr 19, 2011, Saudi money wins Obama's mind, M K Bhadrakumar, Ambassador M K Bhadrakumar was a career diplomat in the Indian Foreign Service, 2011 Asia Times Online Zod)

At any rate, coming out of a

AND

expected to make isn't going to be easy.

B.  Saudis are focused on containing democracy in the Middle East.  Plan will be perceived as a direct threat to Saudi security

Ghannoushi  - 11 (Egypt haunts Saudi Arabia again, Soumaya Ghannoushi, The Guardian, Wednesday 8 June 2011 zod)

 Little did Riyadh know that the most

AND

the vanguard of a cold war against change.

C.  Democracy promotion will disrupt fragile US-Saudi relations and continued cooperation on oil output levels

Bremmer - 11 (Washington’s stark choice: Democracy or Riyadh, By Ian Bremmer, President of Eurasia Group and author of ‘The End of the Free Market’, March 17 2011 Zod)

Events of the past three months have shattered

AND

make their relationship much less special in future.

D.  Continued cooperation on oil output is critical to the global economic recovery

The Guardian - Sept 11 (Kuwait, Saudi boost oil output to ease prices, 2011-09-05, Zod)

OPEC members Saudi Arabia and Kuwait boosted their

AND

output capacity at 3.05 million bpd.

Economic recovery key to prevent nuclear World War III

O'Donnell 9 (Sean, writer and Marine Corps Reserve squad leader, Feb 26, http://www.examiner.com/x- 3108-Baltimore-Republican- Examiner~y2009m2d26-Will-this- recession-lead-to-World-War- III)

Could the current economic crisis affecting this country

AND

is averted. However sometimes history repeats itself.

MPayroll tax cuts will pass, but Obama’s pressure and bipartisanship are key

Shiner 1/9 (Meredith, GOP Cautious in Payroll Tax Fight, http://www.rollcall.com/issues/57_78/GOP-Cautious-in-Payroll-Tax-Fight-211377-1.html)

The fight over an extension of the payroll

AND

with a national election intensifying as a backdrop.

2. Plan will cost capital – financial concerns

Richter 11 (Paul, LA Times, 4/12, Debt worries stymieing U.S. financial aid to help Arab nations in transition, http://articles.latimes.com/print/2011/apr/12/world/la-fg-mideast-aid-20110413)

The Obama administration's efforts to use foreign aid

AND

to shift money from other foreign aid programs.

C) Impacts
 1. Payroll tax extension is key to solving unemployment – creates millions of jobs

Mulligan 11 (Casey B., econ prof @ the University of Chicago, 9/21, The Logic of Cutting Payroll Taxes, http://economix.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/09/21/the-logic-of-cutting-payroll-taxes/?pagemode=print)

Payroll taxes are by no means the only

AND

— and at this point one worth seeking.

2. Lack of jobs is the key internal link to economic stagnation

Curry 11 (Tom, National Affairs writer, 9/21, budget begins colliding with demographic reality, http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/44609575/ns/politics/t/budget-begins-colliding-demographic-reality/#.TqD3g0hFuso)

And of course lack of jobs is fundamentally

AND

their job loss is unrelated to their health.”

3. Economic collapse causes full WMD exchange and extinction

Bearden 2k (T.E., phd, Fellow, Alpha Foundation’s Institute for Advaned Study & Director, Association of Distinguished American Scientists, “The Unnecessary Energy Crisis: How to Solve It Quickly,” 6/12, www.cheniere.org/techpapers/Unnecessary%20Energy%20Crisis.doc)

History bears out that desperate nations take desperate

AND

the biosphere, at least for many decades.

Counterplan Text: The United States Federal Government, through MEPI, should substantially increase its democratic decentralization assistance for Yemen by fostering a favorable environment for decentralization, democratic local governance local government capacity

Carothers 9, (Thomas, Vice President for Studies at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Revitalizing U.S. Democracy Assistance: The Challenge of USAID, 2009, p. 43, 45.)

However, given that a rare conjuncture exists

AND

for the sake of its other programmatic priorities.

MEPI Works Best with Civil Society Organizations

Wittes 11 (Tamara, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Near Eastern Affairs, accessed September 26, 2011, http://mepi.state.gov/about-faq.html)

MEPI works in partnership with civil society organizations

AND

groups, and educate active and responsible citizens. 

USAID branding requirement

Carothers 9, (Thomas, Vice President for Studies at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Revitalizing U.S. Democracy Assistance: The Challenge of USAID, 2009, p. 27-28)

Adding a dispiriting accent to the externality of

AND

on political assistance programs touching on sensitive areas.

USAID branding generates causes violence and terrorist attacks

Craig 11, (Tim, WP Staff Writer, Washington Post, June 23, 2011, http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/us-citizen-killed-in-baghdad-bomb-attack/2011/06/23/AGWxlVhH_print.html)

More than 20 people were killed and scores

AND

to bolster the country’s Ministry of Higher Education.

MEPI Solves Better than USAID

Wittes 11 (Tamara, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Near Eastern Affairs, accessed September 26, 2011, http://mepi.state.gov/about-faq.html)

HOW IS MEPI DIFFERENT FROM OTHER U.S. ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS THAT WORK IN THE MIDDLE EAST?

MEPI’s emphasis is on supporting citizen empowerment.

AND

a matter of weeks when the need presents. 

1NR Cites

USAID branding causes attacks and backlash

Crilly 10, (Rob, October 12, 2010, Rob Crilly is Pakistan correspondent of The Daily Telegraph and The Sunday Telegraph. Before that he spent five years writing about Africa for The Times, The Irish Times, The Daily Mail, The Scotsman and The Christian Science Monitor from his base in Nairobi  http://robcrilly.wordpress.com/2010/10/12/aid-and-security-in-pakistan/)

As I report in The Daily Telegraph today

AND

improving US visibility among the various target audiences.

USAID Branded Programs Create Suspicion

El-Din 11, (Gamal Nassar, Staff Writer, Ahram (Cairo) Online, http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/1/17749/Egypt/US-aid-to-Egypts-civil-society-a-need,-a-blessing-.aspx)

Hafez Abu Saeda, chairman of the Egyptian

AND

they will spend the money,” he said.

USAID Branding Causes Backlash – NGOs will not work with USAID

Paulson 10, (Tom, Host of NPR’s KLPU and formerly spent 22 years reporting with the Seattle Post-Intelligencer, October 21, 2010, http://humanosphere.kplu.org/2010/10/usaid-branding-pressure-still-on-to-end-the-dangerous-desire-for-self-promotion/)

It may be off the headlines now,

AND

doesn’t relent in slapping its labels on everything.

CA FROM THE 1NC: MEPI Works Best with Civil Society Organizations

Wittes 11 (Tamara, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Near Eastern Affairs, accessed September 26, 2011, http://mepi.state.gov/about-faq.html)

MEPI works in partnership with civil society organizations

AND

groups, and educate active and responsible citizens. 

*****MEPI Solves Better than USAID

Wittes 11 (Tamara, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Near Eastern Affairs, accessed September 26, 2011, http://mepi.state.gov/about-faq.html)

HOW IS MEPI DIFFERENT FROM OTHER U.

AND

a matter of weeks when the need presents. 

MEPI Focuses Grants Solve Better Than

USAID and Allows Reform from Within

Toukan 9 (Dima, The Daily Star: Lebanon, March 23, 2009, http://www.dailystar.com.lb/Opinion/Commentary/Mar/23/The-US-can-promote-democracy-smartly.ashx#axzz1SbLaM6Cl)

The Obama administration has in fact inherited several

AND

capable of bringing about "reform from within."

Even if it’s the most perceived and has the most relationships, USAID is the Weakest Agency

Spence 4 (Matthew, Co-Founder of the Truman National Security Project and currently Special Assistant, Office of the National Security Advisor, Policy Coherence and Incoherence: The Domestic Politics of American Democracy Promotion, October 5, p. 20)

USAID was the most visible, but also

AND

arms of the U.S. government.