A. Interpretation and Definitional Support – A vote for the affirmative means voting for a topical and instrumental affirmation of the resolution introduced in the 1AC.

1.  Should denotes expectation of enacting a plan

            American Heritage Dictionary – 2k [www.dictionary.com]

                  3 Used to express probability or expectation

2.  United States Federal government is the agent

            Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2k [http://encarta.msn.com]

            “The federal government of the United States is centered in Washington DC.”

B. Violation – They are not a topical and or/instrumental affirmation of the resolution.

C. Education Voters

1. Education about state institutions is critical for effective resistance – the 1AC advocacy has no possibility of changing anything.

Grossberg, 1992 (Lawrence – Prof. of communications at University of Illinois, WE GOTTA GET OUT OF THIS PLACE, p. 56)

The demand for moral and ideological purity often

AND

, even if they are impure and compromised.

2. Switch-side prevents tunnel vision which turns their impact

Luckhardt and Bechtel 1994 (C. Grant and William, How to do Things with Logic, p 179)

This diagram indicates that first the arguers present

AND

against A than the one you have presented.

3. Focused Research — Necessary for meaningful education. Otherwise our research will be all over the map. If you shoot for nothing that’s what you’ll hit.

D. Fairness Voters

1. Predictable limits – the resolution is the agreed upon condition of the debate, that’s a jurisdictional voting issue and necessary for contestation.

Shivley 2000 Ruth Lesl Shively, Professor of Politics at Texas A&M, 2000 [Partisan Politics and Political Theory, p. 181-2]

In most cases, however, our agreements

AND

contestation rests on some basic agreement or harmony.

H. Advocacy-based debate causes a focus on “how to win” rather than “how to make the community better.” Turns the case.

Atchison and Panetta, 2009 (Jarrod Atchison, PhD Rhetoric University of Georgia, Assistant Professor and Director of debate at Wake Forest University, and Edward Panetta, Phd Rhetoric Associate Professor University of Pitt and Director of Debate at Georgia, Intercollegiate Debate and Speech Communication, Historical Developments and Issues for the Future, “Intercollegiate Debate and Speech Communication: Issues for the Future,” The Sage Handbook of Rhetorical Studies, Lunsford, Andrea, ed. (Los Angeles: Sage Publications Inc., 2009) p. 317-334)

Competition has been a critical component of the

AND

solutions to diversity problems in the debate community.

1. Focus on “theorizing” turns the left into spectators

Richard Rorty, Professor of Philosophy @Stanford, ’98, Achieving our Country

I said earlier that we now have,

AND

within which to fit an ongoing historical process.

2. That leads to the rise of a totalitarian new right and multiplies the effect of all their impacts

Richard Rorty, Professor of Philosophy @ Stanford, ’98, Achieving our Country

At that point, something will crack.

AND

country of Lincoln and Whitman might be achieved.

A.    Rationality and modernism self-destruct.  The alternative is post-rationalist seduction.

Dr. Miller 04 (Dr Robert Miller Existentialist Society Lecture December 2004, Baudrillard s Philosophy Of Seduction: an overview)

To appreciate Baudrillard s philosophy of Seduction what

AND

, is a philosophy which does just that.

B.    The self described firebrand lesbian novelist Sage Sweetwater explains:

Small Pox Blankets

arm scratched
 with something out of a bottle
 genocide of dirty politics

distribution hollywood trade
 buffalo hides set the stage
 cover up politics with smallpox blankets

film tent set up on a hill
 croaking of the raven
 howling of the wolf

eaten by maggots
 infected politics
 deadly outbreak

cold water plunge
 governor hears
 malicious extortion

spreading smallpox through the council
 film screen preferring
 death to surrender

C.   The seduction either solves or it doesn’t

Dr. Miller 04 (Dr Robert Miller Existentialist Society Lecture December 2004, Baudrillard s Philosophy Of Seduction: an overview)

There is a twofold movement in Baudrillard s

AND

meanings and seduce them back to the abyss.

(% style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-align: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; " %) (% class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; " %)Text: We believe the better way to confront exclusionary practices of debate is to remove the discussion from the confines of an intercollegiate debate ROUND. Instead, tournament hosts should confront issues of exclusion in whatever way the hosting squad believes is best. We suggest that James Madison adopt a practice of hosting a public forum wherein we could discuss the exclusionary practices of the debate community and that each judge and observer resolve to promote similar forums at other tournaments and community events. (% style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-align: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; " %) The Counterplan solves the 1AC better for a few reasons: First, attempting to create recognition through a competitive debate round is structurally flawed since there are no written records of decisions and there is little collective memory of what happened in any given debate. Atchison and Panetta, 09 (Jarrod Atchison, Phd Rhetoric University of Georgia, Assistant Professor and Director of debate at Wake Forest University, and Edward Panetta, Phd Rhetoric Associate Professor University of Pitt and Director of Debate at Georgia, Intercollegiate Debate and Speech Communication, Historical Developments and Issues for the Future, “Intercollegiate Debate and Speech Communication: Issues for the Future,” The Sage Handbook of Rhetorical Studies, Lunsford, Andrea, ed. (Los Angeles: Sage Publications Inc., 2009) p. 317-334) In addition to the structural AND losses of their own debaters. (% style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-align: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; " %) Second, using the competitive debate format to generate change does not generate the necessary coalitions – it just makes the losing team scapegoats for the community’s problems, which causes a focus on “how to win” rather than “how to make the community better.” It turns the case. Atchison and Panetta, 09 (Jarrod Atchison, Phd Rhetoric University of Georgia, Assistant Professor and Director of debate at Wake Forest University, and Edward Panetta, Phd Rhetoric Associate Professor University of Pitt and Director of Debate at Georgia, Intercollegiate Debate and Speech Communication, Historical Developments and Issues for the Future, “Intercollegiate Debate and Speech Communication: Issues for the Future,” The Sage Handbook of Rhetorical Studies, Lunsford, Andrea, ed. (Los Angeles: Sage Publications Inc., 2009) p. 317-334) Competition has been a critical AND problems in the debate community.

(% style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-align: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; " %) (% class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; " %)There is no such thing as culture; assigning blame to it only reifies Otherization and is the root cause of their impacts Don Mitchell [Department of Geography, University of Colorado] There's no such thing as culture: towards a reconceptualization of the idea of culture in geography, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, New Series, Vol. 20, No. 1 (1995), pp. 102-116[[http://www.jstor.org/stable/622727||style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-align: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; color: rgb(71, 145, 188); text-decoration: none; "]] (% style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-align: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; " %) This reconceptualization of 'culture' as AND world is, therefore, doubly
important. The alternative is to reject the representations of the 1AC advocacy as a first step towards confronting power. Only rejecting the notion of culture can we determine how to deconstruct power Don Mitchell [Department of Geography, University of Colorado] There's no such thing as culture: towards a reconceptualization of the idea of culture in geography, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, New Series, Vol. 20, No. 1 (1995), pp. 102-116[[http://www.jstor.org/stable/622727||style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-align: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; color: rgb(71, 145, 188); text-decoration: none; "]] (% style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-align: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; " %) The value of recognizing that AND be done figuring that out. ((( )))

== Nietzsche == === A. The aff is a representation of a socratic will to order in their attempts to control the world. They attempt to control chaos and avoid suffering. In doing so they construction an ideal world to which our suffering resides. === (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="evidencetext" style="margin-left:.5in" %) (% style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:~"Times New Roman~"" %)Paul **__Saurette__**, 19**__96__**, “I mistrust all Systematizers and Avoid Them: Nietzsche, Arendt and the Crisis of the Will to Order in International Relations Theory.” Millenium Journal of International Studies. Vol. 25, number 1. pp. 3-6] === === (% class="evidencetext" style="margin-left:0in" %) (% style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:~"Times New Roman~"" %)//The Philosophical Foundation of the Will to Truth// (% class="evidencetext" style="margin-left:0in" %) (% class="underline2" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:~"Times New Roman~";background:yellow; mso-highlight:yellow" %)AND (% class="evidencetext" style="margin-left:0in" %) (% class="underline2" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:~"Times New Roman~";background:yellow; mso-highlight:yellow" %)the point of view of its interpretation.(% style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:~"Times New Roman~";background:yellow; mso-highlight:yellow" %)’ (% class="evidencetext" style="margin-left:0in" %) (% style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:~"Times New Roman~"" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) === B- Their attempt to solve these threats leads to a hatred of our current existence. This forces us to fight against exterenal dangers, creating a war on all that it is different, ignornging that danger is part of life. === (% class="evidencetext" style="margin-left:.5in" %) (% style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:~"Times New Roman~"" %)James **__Der Derian__**, Professor of International Studies at Brown University, 19**__98__**, “On Security”, p. 32-34, CIAO === === (% class="evidencetext" style="margin-left:0in" %) (% class="reduce2" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:~"Times New Roman~"; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial" %)The will to power, then, should (% class="evidencetext" style="margin-left:0in" %) (% style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:~"Times New Roman~"" %)AND (% class="evidencetext" style="margin-left:0in" %) (% style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:~"Times New Roman~"" %)of consciousness is confused with its causes." 41 (% class="MsoNormal" %) === C- Attempts to predict impacts fail and(% style="mso-spacerun:yes" %) (%%)only magnifie them === === === (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)DER DERIAN 05(%%) JAMES DER DERIAN is Director of the Global security Program and Research Professor of International Studies at the Watson Institute for International Studies at Brown University.(% style="mso-spacerun:yes" %) (%%)“National Security: An Accident Waiting to Happen “Harvard International Review” {{id name="OLE_LINK8"/}}http:~/~/www.allbusiness.com/buying_exiting_businesses/3580951-1.html (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) The intractability of disaster, especially its unexpected (% class="MsoNormal" %) AND (% class="MsoNormal" %) the prolongation of total war by other means." (% class="MsoNormal" %) === E.The alternative is to __do nothing__. This ontological disarmament in the face of dangerous others is the only means to real peace, which cannot exist physically but only in the mind. We would rather die than promote the affirmative’s futile search for certainty. Living life is more important than deferring death. === (% class="MsoNormal" %) Freidrich (% class="Heading3Char" style="font-size: 13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:~"ＭＳ 明朝~";mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast" %)Nietzsche(%%), Philosopher, (% class="Heading3Char" style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:~"ＭＳ 明朝~"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast" %)1878 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (//Human, All too Human. //Aphorism #284) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="underline" style="background:yellow; mso-highlight:yellow" %)The means to real peace(%%)~-~--(% class="underline" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow" %)No government (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="underline" %)AND (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="underline" %)from a cloud~-~--and from up high.

(% lang="EN" style="font-size:16.0pt; mso-ansi-language:EN" %)**Coercion DA** === Their use of stolen tax money is coercion === (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)Frank (% class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt" %)Chodorov(% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt" %), Founder of the Intercollegiate Society of Individuals, 19(% class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)62(% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %), Taxation is Robbery, http:~/~/mises.org/etexts/taxrob.asp (% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt" %)The present inquiry into taxation begins with the (% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt" %)AND (% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt" %)of it by its con­sequences and its methods. === (% style="mso-fareast-language:JA" %)No value to life under coercion; extinction is better(%%) === (% class="MsoNormal" style="mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none" %) (% class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size: 13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)Raz(% style="font-size:8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:~"ＭＳ 明朝~"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-fareast-language:JA" %),(% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:6.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family: ~"ＭＳ 明朝~";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-fareast-language:JA" %) (% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)Philosopher, 19(% class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)86 (% class="MsoNormal" style="mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none" %) (% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:6.0pt; font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:~"ＭＳ 明朝~";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-fareast-language:JA" %)(Joseph, //The Morality of Freedom//, page 307) (% class="MsoNormal" style="mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none" %) (% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt; font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:~"ＭＳ 明朝~";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-fareast-language:JA" %) (% class="MsoNormal" style="mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none" %) (% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt; font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:~"ＭＳ 明朝~";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-fareast-language:JA" %)One way to test the thesis of the (% class="MsoNormal" style="mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none" %) (% class="StyleBoldUnderline" %)AND (% class="MsoNormal" style="mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none" %) (% class="StyleBoldUnderline" %)being alive can be better than that life. (% class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:7.0pt;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none" %) (% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:~"Times New Roman~";mso-fareast-font-family:~"ＭＳ 明朝~";mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;color:#4D4D4D;mso-fareast-language:JA" %) === (% style="mso-fareast-language:JA" %)Extinction is justified to protect liberty(%%) === (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size:13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)Shue, 89(% style="font-size:8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %) – Professor of Ethics and Public Life at Princeton University (Henry, Nuclear Deterrence and Moral Restraint, p. 64-5) (% class="card" %) (% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" %)The issue raises interesting problems about obligations among (% class="card" %) (% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin" %)AND (% class="card" %) (% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin" %)that the next generation would want only life? (% class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:7.0pt;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none" %) (% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:~"Times New Roman~";mso-fareast-font-family:~"ＭＳ 明朝~";mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;color:#4D4D4D;mso-fareast-language:JA" %) === (% style="mso-fareast-language:JA" %)Turns the case – you can’t impose change on the Mid East(%%) === (% class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:7.0pt;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none" %) (% class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)Gause, 11 (% class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:7.0pt;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none" %) (% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:~"Times New Roman~";mso-fareast-font-family:~"ＭＳ 明朝~";mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;color:#4D4D4D;mso-fareast-language:JA" %)(Columnist-National Interest, 5/26, {{id name="OLE_LINK18"/}}{{id name="OLE_LINK17"/}}[[(% style="font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10pt; font-family: ~"Times New Roman~"; mso-fareast-font-family: ~"ＭＳ 明朝~"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; color: rgb(77, 77, 77); mso-fareast-language: JA; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10pt" %)__http:~~/~~/nationalinterest.org/commentary/misdiagnosing-the-middle-east-5368?page=show__>>http://nationalinterest.org/commentary/misdiagnosing-the-middle-east-5368?page=show]](%%)) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="StyleBoldUnderline" %)There is a dangerous consensus about the Middle (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)AND (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)many fewer resources and a much smaller footprint.

(% class="card" style="margin-left:0in" %) (% style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial" %)**__PTC will pass now, but Obama’s influence and bipartisanship are key__** (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Arial" %)**__Barrett and Walsh 1/17__**(% style="font-size: 8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %) (% lang="EN" style="font-size:8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN" %)(Ted and Dierdre, Election-year politics will chart Congress' path this year, http:~/~/articles.cnn.com/2012-01-17/politics/politics_congress-returns_1_house-republicans-hundred-protesters-obama-and-congressional-democrats?_s=PM:POLITICS) (% style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:13.5pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt;margin-left: 13.5pt;background:white" %) (% lang="EN" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial; mso-ansi-language:EN" %)**__The fight over extending a payroll tax cut__** (% style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:13.5pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt;margin-left: 13.5pt;background:white" %) (% lang="EN" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial; mso-ansi-language:EN" %)**__AND__** (% style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:13.5pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt;margin-left: 13.5pt;background:white" %) (% lang="EN" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial; mso-ansi-language:EN" %)**__to convince voters they deserve re-election.__** (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Arial" %)__B) Links__ (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Arial" %)__1. Obama’s political capital is key to passage__ (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Arial" %)__Jackson 10/14 __(% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Arial" %)(David, USA Today,“Obama, GOP Push Competing Jobs Plans,” (% style="font-size: 8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)[[(% style="font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11pt; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11pt; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11pt; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11pt; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11pt; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11pt; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none" %)http:~~/~~/content.usatoday.com/communities/theoval/post/2011/10/obama-gop-push-competing-jobs-plans/1>>http://content.usatoday.com/communities/theoval/post/2011/10/obama-gop-push-competing-jobs-plans/1]](% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Arial" %)) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Arial" %) (% class="card" %) (% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:Arial" %)Look for President Obama and congressional Republicans to (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" style="font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family: ~"ＭＳ ゴシック~";mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast" %)AND (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" style="font-family:Arial" %)in December, I'll be ready to go." (% class="tag" %) (% style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none" %)__ __ (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Arial" %) (% class="tag" %) (% style="mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold" %)__2. Plan will cost capital – financial concerns__ (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Arial" %)**__Richter 11__**(% style="font-size:8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Arial" %) (Paul, LA Times, 4/12, Debt worries stymieing U.S. financial aid to help Arab nations in transition, http:~/~/articles.latimes.com/print/2011/apr/12/world/la-fg-mideast-aid-20110413) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Arial" %) (% class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:13.0pt;margin-bottom: 0in;margin-left:15.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt" %) (% class="underline" style="font-family:Arial" %)The Obama administration's efforts to use foreign aid (% class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:13.0pt;margin-bottom: 0in;margin-left:15.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt" %) (% class="underline" style="font-family:Arial" %)AND (% class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:13.0pt;margin-bottom: 0in;margin-left:15.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt" %) (% class="underline" style="font-family:Arial" %)to shift money from other foreign aid programs. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %) (% class="card" style="margin-left:0in" %) (% style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;color:black" %)**__C) Impacts ~1. __**(% style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;background:white" %)**__Payroll tax extension is key to solving unemployment – creates millions of jobs__** (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial" %)**__Mulligan 11__**(% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Arial" %) (% style="font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; background: white" %)(Casey B., econ prof @ the University of Chicago, 9/21, The Logic of Cutting Payroll Taxes, http:~/~/economix.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/09/21/the-logic-of-cutting-payroll-taxes/?pagemode=print) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Arial" %) (% class="card" %) (% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:Arial;background:white" %)Payroll taxes are by no means the only (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" style="font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family: ~"ＭＳ ゴシック~";mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast" %)AND (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" style="font-family:Arial" %)— and at this point one worth seeking. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Arial" %) (% class="card" style="margin-left:0in" %) (% class="underline" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial" %)2. Lack of jobs is the key internal link to economic stagnation (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="underline" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Arial" %)Curry 11(% style="font-size:8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Arial" %) (% style="font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; background: white" %)(Tom, National Affairs writer, 9/21, budget begins colliding with demographic reality, http:~/~/www.msnbc.msn.com/id/44609575/ns/politics/t/budget-begins-colliding-demographic-reality/#.TqD3g0hFuso) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Arial" %) (% class="card" %) (% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:Arial;background:white" %)And of course (% class="underline" style="font-family:Arial" %)lack of jobs is fundamentally (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" style="font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family: ~"ＭＳ ゴシック~";mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast" %)AND (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" style="font-family:Arial" %)their job loss is unrelated to their health.(% style="font-size:8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;background:white" %)” (% class="tag" %) (% class="underline" style="mso-fareast-font-family: ~"ＭＳ ゴシック~"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; text-decoration: none" %) (% class="tag" %) (% class="underline" style="mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; font-weight:normal" %)3. Economic collapse causes full WMD exchange and extinction (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="underline" style="font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Arial" %)Bearden 2k(% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Arial" %) (% class="underline" %)(T.E., phd, Fellow, Alpha Foundation’s Institute for Advaned Study & Director, Association of Distinguished American Scientists, “The Unnecessary Energy Crisis: How to Solve It Quickly,” 6/12, [[(% class="underline underline underline underline underline underline underline" style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Arial;color:windowtext" %)www.cheniere.org/techpapers/Unnecessary%20Energy%20Crisis.doc>>http://www.cheniere.org/techpapers/Unnecessary%20Energy%20Crisis.doc]](% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Arial" %)) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; mso-spacerun: yes" %) (% class="card" %) (% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:Arial" %)History bears out that (% class="underline" style="font-family:Arial" %)desperate nations take desperate (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" style="font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family: ~"ＭＳ ゴシック~";mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast" %)AND (% class="card" %) (% class="underline" style="font-family:Arial" %)the biosphere, (% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:Arial" %)at least for many decades. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Arial" %)

(% lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN" %)**O1:**(% lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-spacerun: yes" %)** **(% lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN" %)**Mandates:**(% lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-spacerun: yes" %)** **(% lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN" %)**The US will initiate a comprehensive diplomatic initiative supporting a reconciliation process modeled on the report by the international commission on Bahrain.** (% lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN" %)**02:**(% lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-spacerun: yes" %)** **(% lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN" %)**Topicality:**(% lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-spacerun: yes" %)** **(% lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN" %)**The counterplan is purely diplomacy and doesn’t increase democracy assistance** (% style="mso-outline-level:1" %) (% lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language:EN" %)**O3:**(% lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-spacerun: yes" %)** **(% lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language:EN" %)**Competition:** (% style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1" %) (% lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-list: Ignore" %)**1**(% lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-list: Ignore; font: 7pt ~"Times New Roman~"" %)** **(% lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language:EN" %)**We coopt all of the affirmatives solvency evidence, which assume increased diplomacy rather than increased material assistance.** (% style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-outline-level:1;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1" %) (% lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-list: Ignore" %)**2**(% lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-list: Ignore; font: 7pt ~"Times New Roman~"" %)** **(% lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN" %)**We avoid the politics, tradeoff, and coercion disads** (% style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1" %) (% lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-list: Ignore" %)**3**(% lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-list: Ignore; font: 7pt ~"Times New Roman~"" %)** **(% lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language:EN" %)**Implementing a reconciliation process based on the IC report is the only chance for solving in Bahrain** (% class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt; margin-left:0in;line-height:16.8pt" %) (% style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:~"Times New Roman~";mso-fareast-font-family:~"Times New Roman~"" %)**Abrams, 11/25/11**(% style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:~"Times New Roman~"; mso-fareast-font-family:~"Times New Roman~"" %) [Elliot, (% style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: ~"Times New Roman~"; mso-fareast-font-family: ~"Times New Roman~"; border: none windowtext 1pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in" %)//former senior director for the Near East and deputy national security adviser handling Middle East affairs in the George W. Bush administration. He is now a senior fellow for Middle East studies at the [[(% style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: ~"Times New Roman~"; mso-fareast-font-family: ~"Times New Roman~"; border: none windowtext 1pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in; font-size: 12pt" %)//Council on Foreign Relations//>>http://www.cfr.org/]]//(% style="font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:~"Times New Roman~";mso-fareast-font-family:~"Times New Roman~"; border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0in;padding:0in" %)//, where he writes the blog [[(% style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: ~"Times New Roman~"; mso-fareast-font-family: ~"Times New Roman~"; border: none windowtext 1pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in; font-size: 12pt" %)//Pressure Points//>>http://blogs.cfr.org/abrams/]]//(% style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:~"Times New Roman~"; mso-fareast-font-family:~"Times New Roman~";border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0in;padding:0in" %)//, “Abrams: Last Chance of Bahrain”, [[(% style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: ~"Times New Roman~"; mso-fareast-font-family: ~"Times New Roman~"; border: none windowtext 1pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in; font-size: 12pt" %)//http:~~/~~/globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2011/11/25/abrams-last-chance-for-bahrain///>>http://globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2011/11/25/abrams-last-chance-for-bahrain/]]//(% style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:~"Times New Roman~";mso-fareast-font-family: ~"Times New Roman~";border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0in; padding:0in" %)//]// (% lang="EN" style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language: EN" %)The report this week by the international commission (% lang="EN" style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language: EN" %)AND (% lang="EN" style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language: EN" %)the decisions he makes in the coming months.

=== (% class="cite" style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family:~"Times New Roman~";mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi" %)A. Interpretation(%%) === (% class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none" %) {{id name="OLE_LINK4"/}}{{id name="OLE_LINK3"/}}(% style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12pt" %)Richard **Lappin** 20(% class="cite" style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3; mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ~"Times New Roman~"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi" %)10(% style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3; mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12pt" %) [PhD Candidate: Democracy Assistance to Post-Conflict Countries (University of Leuven, Belgium) Independent Democracy and Elections Assistance Consultant] {{id name="OLE_LINK2"/}}{{id name="OLE_LINK1"/}}(% style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3; mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12pt; mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK2" %)Central European Journal of International & Security Studies// What We Talk About When We Talk About Democracy Assistance//(% style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3; mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12pt" %)//: The Problem of Definition in Post-Conflict Approaches to Democratisation// (% class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none" %) {{id name="OLE_LINK33"/}}{{id name="OLE_LINK32"/}}(% class="underline" style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK33" %)Democracy assistance can be most accurately defined as (% class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none" %) (% style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK32; mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK33; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12pt" %)AND (% class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none" %) (% style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK32; mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK33; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12pt" %)society groups, media groups and political parties.

(% class="MsoNormal" style="mso-pagination:none;tab-stops:28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 3.5in 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none" %) (% class="Heading3Char" style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Georgia" %)The IA budget is capped. New spending trades off with other assistance (% class="MsoNormal" style="mso-pagination:none;tab-stops:28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 3.5in 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none" %) (% class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Georgia" %)Lester - 11(% style="font-family:Georgia;mso-fareast-font-family:~"ＭＳ 明朝~"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;color:black;mso-fareast-language:JA" %)I(nternational Affairs Budget Update, 8-2-11, By Molly Lester, US Global Leadership Coalition) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-family:Georgia;mso-fareast-font-family: ~"ＭＳ 明朝~";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;color:black;mso-fareast-language: JA" %)Under this new budget agreement(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="font-family:Georgia" %), the International (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-family:Georgia;mso-fareast-font-family: ~"ＭＳ 明朝~";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;color:black;mso-fareast-language: JA" %)AND (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-family:Georgia;mso-fareast-font-family: ~"ＭＳ 明朝~";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;color:black;mso-fareast-language: JA" %)bill, which passed the House in June. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-family:Georgia;mso-fareast-font-family: ~"ＭＳ 明朝~";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;color:black;mso-fareast-language: JA" %) (% style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Georgia;mso-fareast-font-family:~"ＭＳ 明朝~"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-bidi-font-family:~"Times New Roman~"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language: JA;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" %) (% style="font-family:Georgia;mso-fareast-font-family: ~"ＭＳ 明朝~";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;color:black;mso-fareast-language: JA" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-family:Georgia;mso-fareast-font-family: ~"ＭＳ 明朝~";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;color:black;mso-fareast-language: JA" %) === (% style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Georgia;mso-fareast-language: JA" %)New cuts will disproportionately trade off with aid for humanitarian crises(%%) === (% class="MsoNormal" style="mso-pagination:none;tab-stops:28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 3.5in 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none" %) (% class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Georgia" %)Chen - 11(% style="font-family:Georgia;mso-fareast-font-family:~"ＭＳ 明朝~"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;color:black;mso-fareast-language:JA" %) (Michelle, The Budget Line Neither Party’s Willing To Defend: Foreign Aid, ColorLines, News for Action, Feb 11) (% class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none" %) (% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="font-family:Georgia" %)Foreign countries are(% style="font-family:Georgia;mso-fareast-font-family:~"ＭＳ 明朝~"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;color:black;mso-fareast-language:JA" %) traditionally (% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="font-family: Georgia" %)easy prey for deficit (% class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none" %) (% style="font-family:Georgia;mso-fareast-font-family:~"ＭＳ 明朝~";mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;mso-bidi-font-family:~"TimesNewRomanPSMT\,Bold~";mso-fareast-language: JA" %)**AND** (% class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none" %) (% style="font-family:Georgia;mso-fareast-font-family:~"ＭＳ 明朝~";mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;mso-bidi-font-family:~"TimesNewRomanPSMT\,Bold~";mso-fareast-language: JA" %)**, and reduced preventable child and maternal deaths.**

=== (% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none;text-underline:none" %)A. Interpretation – (%%)FOR implies immediate effect – Can’t go through Turkey === (% class="MsoNormal" %) **FEINBERG ‘95**(% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt" %) (Joel, Regents Professor Emeritus of Philosophy and Law, The University of Arizona, Ph.D., University of Michigan (1957), Spring, “SYMPOSIUM ISSUES IN THE PHILOSOPHY OF LAW: PARTICIPANT: EQUAL PUNISHMENT FOR FAILED ATTEMPTS: SOME BAD BUT INSTRUCTIVE ARGUMENTS AGAINST IT”, 37 Ariz. L. Rev. 117, Lexis Law) (% class="hotroute" style="margin-left:0in" %) (% class="underlineChar" style="font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none" %) (% class="hotroute" style="margin-left:0in" %) (% class="underlineChar" style="font-size:11.0pt" %)The preposition(% class="Highlightedunderline" style="font-size: 11pt; border: none; border: none" %) "for" brings to mind (% class="hotroute" style="margin-left:0in" %) (% class="smallChar" style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:~"Times New Roman~"" %)AND (% class="hotroute" style="margin-left:0in" %) (% class="smallChar" style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:~"Times New Roman~"" %)killed him" or "she did it."

(% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size:13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt" %)A. Interpretation: the affirmative must specify their agent in the 1AC (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) {{id name="OLE_LINK16"/}}{{id name="OLE_LINK15"/}}(% style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK16" %)**B. Voters** (% class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:.5in" %) (% style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK15; mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK16" %)** ** (% class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1" %) {{id name="OLE_LINK8"/}}{{id name="OLE_LINK7"/}}(% style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK15; mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK16; mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK8; mso-list: Ignore" %)**1)**(% style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK15; mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK16; mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK8; mso-list: Ignore; font: 7pt ~"Times New Roman~"" %)** **(% style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK15; mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK16; mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK8" %)**Topic-education** (% class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in" %) {{id name="OLE_LINK10"/}}{{id name="OLE_LINK9"/}}(% style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK10; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold" %)Matthew(% class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK9; mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK10; font-size: 13pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12pt" %) Spence (% style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK9; mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK10; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12pt" %)[(% style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK9; mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK10; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: ~"ＭＳ 明朝~"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast" %)D.P(% style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK9; mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK10; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold" %)hil., International Relations, Oxford University, 2004]. 200(% class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK9; mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK10; font-size: 13pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12pt" %)4(% style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK9; mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK10; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold" %) //Policy Coherence and Incoherence:
The Domestic Politics of American Democracy Promotion//(% style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK9; mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK10; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12pt" %) Workshop on Democracy Promotion
Center for Democracy, Development, and the Rule of Law Stanford University http:~/~/iis-db.stanford.edu/pubs/20741/Spence-_CDDRL_10-4_draf1.pdf (% class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in" %) (% style="font-size:8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt" %) (% class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in" %) (% style="font-size:8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt" %)Yet (% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="mso-fareast-font-family:~"ＭＳ 明朝~";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; background:aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %)evaluations of American democracy(% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt" %) promotion (% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="mso-fareast-font-family:~"ＭＳ 明朝~"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;background:aqua;mso-highlight:aqua" %)efforts(% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="mso-fareast-font-family:~"ＭＳ 明朝~"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast" %) often (% class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in" %) (% class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="mso-fareast-font-family:~"ＭＳ ゴシック~";mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast" %)AND (% class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in" %) (% class="StyleBoldUnderline" %)explain incoherent patterns of outcomes(% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt" %) on the ground.

(% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size:13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt" %)Text: The Middle East Partnership Initiative should substantially increase its party development assistance to Turkey for the Syrian National Council. (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size:13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size:13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size:13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt" %)MEPI Better Than USAID for Democracy Assistance (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black" %)**Carothers 9**(% style="font-family:Verdana" %)**, (Thomas, Vice President for Studies at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, //Revitalizing U.S. Democracy Assistance: The Challenge of USAID, 2009, p. 43, 45.//)** (% class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none" %) (% style="font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family:AGaramondPro-Regular" %)However, given that a rare conjuncture exists (% class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none" %) (% style="font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family:AGaramondPro-Regular" %)__AND__ (% class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none" %) (% style="font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family:AGaramondPro-Regular" %)__for the sake of its other programmatic priorities.__ (% class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none" %) (% style="font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: AGaramondPro-Regular; text-decoration: none" %)__ __ (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size:13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt" %)USAID branding requirement (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black" %)**Carothers 9**(% style="font-family:Verdana" %)**, (Thomas, Vice President for Studies at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, //Revitalizing U.S. Democracy Assistance: The Challenge of USAID, 2009, p. 27-28//)** (% class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none" %) (% style="font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family:AGaramondPro-Regular" %)__Adding a dispiriting accent to the externality of__ (% class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none" %) (% style="font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family:AGaramondPro-Regular" %)__AND__ (% class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none" %) (% style="font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family:AGaramondPro-Regular" %)__on political assistance programs touching on sensitive areas.__ (% class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none" %) (% style="font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: AGaramondPro-Regular; text-decoration: none" %)__ __ (% class="tag" %) USAID branding requirements hurts local democratic efforts (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="cite" %)Melia 5(%%) (Thomas, Institute for the Study of Diplomacy - Walsh School of Foreign Service - Georgetown University, The Democracy Bureaucracy: The Infrastructure of American Democracy Promotion, http:~/~/www.princeton.edu/~~ppns/papers/democracy_bureaucracy.pdf, 2005) JS (% class="card" %) Another complaint heard from NGOs in the democracy (% class="card" %) (% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)AND (% class="card" %) (% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" %)cards, office signs, and more.28 (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size:13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt" %)USAID branding causes attacks and backlash (% class="MsoNormal" %) (% style="font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black" %)**Crilly 10**(% style="font-family:Verdana" %)**, (Rob, October 12, 2010, **(% class="apple-style-span" style="font-family:Verdana;color:#333333;background:white" %)Rob Crilly is Pakistan correspondent of The Daily Telegraph and The Sunday Telegraph. Before that he spent five years writing about Africa for The Times, The Irish Times, The Daily Mail, The Scotsman and The Christian Science Monitor from his base in Nairobi (% style="font-family: Verdana; mso-spacerun: yes" %)** [[(% style="mso-fareast-font-family:~"ＭＳ ゴシック~";mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast" %)http:~~/~~/robcrilly.wordpress.com/2010/10/12/aid-and-security-in-pakistan/>>http://robcrilly.wordpress.com/2010/10/12/aid-and-security-in-pakistan/]](%%)**(%%)) (% style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:20.4pt;margin-left: 0in;line-height:17.25pt;vertical-align:baseline" %) (% style="font-family: Verdana;background:white" %)__As I report in__(% class="apple-converted-space" style="font-family:Verdana;background:white" %) [[(% style="font-family:Verdana;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0in; padding:0in;background:white" %)The Daily Telegraph today>>http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/pakistan/8056123/Pakistan-aid-workers-in-row-with-US-over-Stars-and-Stripes-logo.html]] (% style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:20.4pt;margin-left: 0in;line-height:17.25pt;vertical-align:baseline" %) (% style="font-family: Verdana;background:white" %)//__AND__// (% style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:20.4pt;margin-left: 0in;line-height:17.25pt;vertical-align:baseline" %) (% style="font-family: Verdana;background:white" %)//__improving US visibility among the various target audiences.__//

Counterplan Text: The President of the United States should remove Hamas from the terrorist list and have the United States recognize them as a legitimate political party.

Net benefit was Salafis DA and Tradeoff DA.

A.    Salafis are on the brink of wresting popular support from the Muslim Brotherhood

Topol 12 (Egypt's Salafi Surge, These guys make the Muslim Brotherhood look like latte liberals. BY SARAH A. TOPOL | JANUARY 4, 2012, FP,  Sarah A. Topol is a Cairo-based journalist.)

The Brotherhood has found itself outflanked on the

AND

plans for dominating Egypt's post-revolutionary political scene

B.     The perception that the US is guiding Egypt’s political transition spurs Salafi jihadism

Stout – 09 (april 1, transnational movements and terrorism, Mark E. Stout is a Defense Analyst at the Institute for Defense Analyses The Institute for Defense Analyses (IDA) runs three federally funded research and development centers (FFRDCs) focusing on defense and scientific issues. Centers
 The IDA Studies and Analyses FFRDC is co-located with IDA headquarters in Alexandria, Virginia. . Colonel Thomas F. Lynch III, USA, is a Special Assistant to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is by law the highest ranking overall military officer of the United States military, and the principal military adviser to the President of the United States. . Colonel T.X. Hammes, USMC (Ret.), is a Defense Analyst at the Institute for Defense Analyses. This article is an edited version of the authors' chapter contribution to Global Strategic Assessment 2009: America's Security Role in a Changing World, edited by Patrick M. Cronin (NDU NDU National Defense University
 NDU Notre Dame University
 NDU Naval Diving Unit (Singapore)
 NDU Non Disruptive Upgrade
 NDU Navigation Data Unit
 NDU Nordisk Data Union Press, forthcoming), Joint force Quarterly).

The United States, ironically, is the

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of the terrorists while reducing America's military profile.

C. Empowering the Salafis risks sectarian conflict

El-Sherif – 11 (Ashraf, What do Salafis really want? Almasry Alyoum, PHD Boston University)

For the time being, topping the Salafi

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invigorate identity politics and sectarian strife in Egypt.

A.    Although deep cuts were avoided, the new budget has put humanitarian aid on the brink

Cornwell Dec 11 (U.S. foreign aid escapes slashing cuts in fiscal 2012, Susan Cornwell, dec 19, 2011, reuters)

Foreign aid not related to war spending was

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over" U.S. foreign aid.

B.    Plan forces tradeoffs McLaughlin 11 (Seth, staff writer, 4/26, Key Foreign Policy Players Try to Master Capitol Hill, http:/www.washdiplomat.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=7829:key-foreign-policy-players-try-to-master-capitol-hill&catid=1473:may-2011&Itemid=471)

In general, most (though not all

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tightrope that also leaves many diplomats in suspense.

C.    Humanitarian aid to Yemen is on the brink.  Plan trades off  and risks humanitarian crisis

Lambers 11 (William Lambers is the author of Ending World Hunger (Nov 6, William Lambers is the author of Ending World Hunger, Budget Debate Looms In Congress, http://blogcritics.org/culture/article/budget-debates-in-congress-loom-over/

Budget decisions made by the U.S

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week as the Senate debates International Affairs accounts."

Monmouth

Round 2 vs. GMU LN

1NC - T - Lappin, Humanitarian Tradeoff, Coercion, Bahrain Diplomatic CP, Case.

Block - T - DA, Case, CP, Tradeoff DA

2NR - T - Lappin

Round 4 vs. Clarion KL

1NC - T - Lappin, T - Increase, XO CP, Humanitarian Tradeoff DA, Nietzsche, ASPEC

Block - T - Lappin, XO, Tradeoff

2NR - T - Lappin

Round 6 vs. JMU BW

1NC - MEPI CP, Humanitarian Tradeoff DA, T - Lappin, Case

Block - Case, Humanitarian Tradeoff DA

2NR - Case

Octs vs. Rutgers AH

1NC - Culture K, Case, Hamas CP, Salafis DA, Humanitarian Tradeoff DA, T - Lappin

Block - T - Lappin, Hamas CP, Salafis DA, Culture K

2NR - Hamas CP, Salafis DA