The Bahraini monarchy has failed to reform causing a spike in violence and anti-americanism

Gengler 12 Justin Gengler, PhD from UMich focusing on Bahrain, 1-1-2012, “Why 2012 Will Be a Lot Like 2011,” Religion and Politics, http://bahrainipolitics.blogspot.com/2012/01/why-2012-will-be-lot-like-2011.html

The launching of the website... to the "Great Satan."

Thus the plan: The United States Federal Government should substantially increase its democracy assistance for Bahrain by providing material support to civil society organizations in Bahrain.

Advantage 1: Sectarian Violence

Regional sectarian violence is on the brink.

Allawi 12 Ali A. Allawi served as Iraq’s minister of trade, defense and finance in succession between 2003 and 2006.  January 1, 2012 “ How Iraq Can Define Its Destiny” accessed 1/6/12 at http://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/02/opinion/how-iraq-can-define-its-destiny.html

Finally, the current... of Wahhabist Islam.

US action in Bahrain is key to stabilizing broader sectarian unrest.

Terrill 11 Dr. W. Andrew Terrill joined the Strategic Studies Institute in October 2001, and is SSI's Middle East specialist. Prior to his appointment, he served as a Middle East nonproliferation analyst for the International Assessments Division of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL).  “The Arab Spring and the Future of U.S. Interests and Cooperative Security in the Arab World” August 2, 2011, accessed 1/6/12 at http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/index.cfm/articles/The-Arab-Spring-and-the-Future-of-US-Interests/2011/8/2#bahrain

The conflict in... Shi'ite community. Such

Prolonged sectarian wars causes extinction

Scheuer 11 Michael, professor of security studies at Georgetown spent twenty-two years in the CIA and is the author of Imperial Hubris: Why the West is Losing the War on Terrorism (The Sum of All Fears, The National Interest, March 17, 2011, , MCL)

With the West...the sum of all fears."

Sectarian violence would destabilize Pakistan.

Kauravi 11 Waqar Khan Kauravi,  The writer specialises in peace and conflict studies. “ Syria: Powder keg of sectarianism” accessed 11/2/11 at http://pakobserver.net/201108/19/detailnews.asp?id=109664

But Syria politically... become another nightmare.

Leads to Indo-Pak war

Brookes 07 Heritage Foundation Senior Fellow Peter Brookes is a former deputy assistant secretary of defense.  Last Updated: 5:00 AM, August 2, 2007 “ BARACK'S BLUNDER INVADE A NUCLEAR POWER?” accessed 11/2/11 at http://www.nypost.com/p/news/opinion/opedcolumnists/item_oglsLqHa47sH2l3fTEDNJI;jsessionid=69D6DA667C97EDB8FBAF6471E064889E

The fall of Musharraf's... including the United States.

extinction

Starr 11 (Consequences of a Single Failure of Nuclear Deterrence by Steven Starr February 07, 2011      * Associate member of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation     * Senior Scientist for PSR

Only a single... Russian nuclear forces.

Advantage 2: Human Rights

Widespread human rights abuses are taking place in Bahrain.

Press TV ‘11 Press TV, Mon Aug 1, 2011 6:35PM GMT, “ 'Bahrain regime unwilling to reform'”  Interview with Nabeel Rajab, head of Bahrain Centre for Human Rights, accessed 8/2/11 at http://www.presstv.ir/detail/191891.html

In Manama, hundreds... or such a reform.

US action is needed and now is key

Aziz and Musalem, ’11 Sahar Aziz is a legal fellow at the Institute for Social Policy and Understanding, an associate professor of law at Texas Wesleyan University School of Law (fall 2011), and has served as a senior policy advisor at the Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties at the U.S. Department of Homeland Security.  Abdullah Musalem holds degrees in sociology as well as Middle Eastern language and cultures. Mr. Musalem grew up in Bahrain, where he has conducted social research, and has been a frequent visitor to the county over the past decade. July 2011 “ Citizens, Not Subjects: Debunking the Sectarian Narrative of Bahrain’s Pro-Democracy Movement”  Institute for Social Policy and Understanding. Accessed 8/12/11 at http://ispu.org/pdfs/640_ISPU%20Report_Bahrain_Aziz_Musalem_WEB.pdf

While President... security strategy.

Human rights trump other claims – they are a prerequisite to preventing war and genocide.

Felice ’96 William F. Felice, Assistant Professor, International Relations and Global Affairs at Eckerd College, ’96 “Taking suffering seriously: the importance of collective human rights” A Volume in the SUNY series in Global Conflict and Peace Educaton. STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK PRESS.

A right can be defined... claims (Dworkin 1997, 364). 

Advantage 3: US/Iraq Relations

US action key to US-Iraqi relations

Habibi 11 Nader Habibi is the Henry J. Leir professor of economics of the Middle East in Brandeis University's Crown Center for Middle East Studies. He was the director of forecasting and risk analysis for the Middle East and Africa region in the economic consulting firm IHS Global Insight before joining the faculty of Brandies University in 2007.  “ U.S. Silence on Bahrain Crackdown Ignores Iraq Factor”  Monday, April 25, 2011 accessed 10/18/11 at http://www.iranreview.org/content/Documents/U_S_Silence_on_Bahrain_Crackdown_Ignores_Iraq_Factor.htm

Current U.S. policy... Sunnis and Shiites.

US-Iraq relations are key to solve Kurdish tensions

Cordesman 10[Anthony, Arleigh A. Burke Chair in Strategy at CSIS, Jun, “Iraq and the United States Creating a Strategic Partnership,” ]

Such support will.. importer of Gulf oil.

Kurdish tensions in Iraq escalate regionally

Palka 11[Eugene, PhD and Professor of Geography and a Colonel in the United States Army, May 27, “Kurd-Arab tensions along the Green Line,” ]

I submit that the... neighbouring countries. 

That causes Turkish-Syrian conflict

Mert 11[Nuray, Hurriyet Daily News, Aug 14, “The Turkey-Syria saga,” http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/n.php?n=the-turkey-syria-saga-2011-08-14]

It is not only... parties in the conflict. 

This would cause World War 3 – draws in Iran, Russia and China

Snyder 11[Michael, DC-based lawyer, Jun 28, “Could We Actually See A War Between Syria And Turkey?” ]

War between Syria,,, as a result.

Sectarian violence in Iraq is increasing

Ghosh 1/5 Palash R. Ghosh, International Business Times, January 5, 2012 11:02 AM EST “ Iraq: Scores Die As Sectarian Violence Intensifies” accessed 1/6/12 at http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/277061/20120105/iraq-scores-die-sectarian-violence-intensifies.htm

At least six,,, of mass murder.

Sectarian violence in Iraq spills over

Montero 07 David Montero, Correspondent of The Christian Science Monitor / February 2, 2007 “ Shiite-Sunni conflict rises in Pakistan” accessed 10/18/11 at http://www.csmonitor.com/2007/0202/p01s02-wosc.html

In this Punjabi... New York, in an e-mail.

This leads to nuclear war

Raman 07 CNN's Aneesh Raman reports from Cairo.  Also in this broadcast, HISHAM KASSEM, MIDEAST ANALYST “ Opposing the 'Surge'; Energy Challenge; Second Air Strike Against Suspected al Qaeda Targets in Somalia”  Aired January 24, 2007 - 14:01 ET THIS IS A RUSH TRANSCRIPT. THIS COPY MAY NOT BE IN ITS FINAL FORM AND MAY BE UPDATED. Accessed 10/18/11 at http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0701/24/cnr.05.html

RAMAN: For years... bracing for anything.

Advantage 4: Leadership

Leadership and clear objectives in Bahrain is key to prevent Obama from being seen as weak

The Washington Times 11

The Washington Times Wednesday, March 16, 2011 “ EDITORIAL: Obama’s Gulf in leadership Mishandling Bahrain exposes White House weakness” accessed 10/12/11 at http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2011/mar/16/obamas-gulf-in-leadership/

Given these facts... is growing weaker

Perceived strength is key to Global Stability and preventing Russian expansion

Hanson 9 Victor Davis Hanson is the Martin and Illie Anderson Senior Fellow in Residence in Classics and Military History at the Hoover Institution, Stanford University, a professor of Classics Emeritus at California State University, Fresno, and a nationally syndicated columnist for Tribune Media Services. He is also the Wayne & Marcia Buske Distinguished Fellow in History, Hillsdale College, where he teaches each fall semester courses in military history and classical culture. Interview by  Bernard Chapin Pajamas Media “ Change, Weakness, Disaster, Obama Victor Davis Hanson Answers the Questions”  December 16, 2009 accessed  10/12/11 at http://victorhanson.com/articles/hanson121609.html

BC: Are we... whom it will bite or when.

This leads to nuclear war

Blank 9 Stephen J. Blank, March 2009 “ RUSSIA AND ARMS CONTROL: ARE THERE OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE OBAMA ADMINISTRATION?”  PhD. in History from the University of Chicago and has served as the Strategic Studies Institute's expert on the Soviet block and post-Soviet world since 1989

Proliferators or nuclear states... their own people.172

Solvency

Lack of US pressure gives the regime a green light to shut down protesters – empirically proven

Leigh 11 Karen Leigh Wednesday, June 08, 2011, “ The U.S. and Bahrain: How to Talk Just Tough Enough with an Ally” accessed 12/23/11 at http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2076559,00.html

 On Tuesday — just seven... and tear gas.

Civil society has already proven effective in Bahrain

Aziz and Musalem 11 Sahar Aziz is a legal fellow at the Institute for Social Policy and Understanding, an associate professor of law at Texas Wesleyan University School of Law (fall 2011), and has served as a senior policy advisor at the Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties at the U.S. Department of Homeland Security.  Abdullah Musalem holds degrees in sociology as well as Middle Eastern language and cultures. Mr. Musalem grew up in Bahrain, where he has conducted social research, and has been a frequent visitor to the county over the past decade. July 2011 “ Citizens, Not Subjects: Debunking the Sectarian Narrative of Bahrain’s Pro-Democracy Movement”  Institute for Social Policy and Understanding. Accessed 8/12/11 at http://ispu.org/pdfs/640_ISPU%20Report_Bahrain_Aziz_Musalem_WEB.pdf

By the end... traditional authoritarianism.

Now is a key time for the US to act in Bahrain

Aziz and Musalem 11 Sahar Aziz is a legal fellow at the Institute for Social Policy and Understanding, an associate professor of law at Texas Wesleyan University School of Law (fall 2011), and has served as a senior policy advisor at the Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties at the U.S. Department of Homeland Security.  Abdullah Musalem holds degrees in sociology as well as Middle Eastern language and cultures. Mr. Musalem grew up in Bahrain, where he has conducted social research, and has been a frequent visitor to the county over the past decade. July 2011 “ Citizens, Not Subjects: Debunking the Sectarian Narrative of Bahrain’s Pro-Democracy Movement”  Institute for Social Policy and Understanding. Accessed 8/12/11 at http://ispu.org/pdfs/640_ISPU%20Report_Bahrain_Aziz_Musalem_WEB.pdf

  Bahrain has... national interest.

Right now is a key time for US action – Bahrain is key to the region and reform is the only potential stabilizer

Gershman 11 Carl Gershman, President of the National Endowment for Democracy At the Presentation of the Ion Ratiu Democracy Award to Nabeel Rajab of Bahrain The Woodrow Wilson Center, Washington, D.C. December 1, 2011

  I want to begin by... its full potential.

Opposition leaders are urging the US to help

Al-Ekri et. al. 10Abdul Nabi Al-Ekri President Bahrain Transparency Society,  Essa AlGhayeb Deputy Secretary General Bahrain Human Rights Society,  Mohammed Al-Maskati President Bahrain Youth Society for Human Rights,  Nabeel Rajab President Bahrain Center for Human Rights,  Ghada Jamshir President Women's Petition Committee. “ Open letter to Hillary Clinton on eve of political dialogue in Bahrain”  Manama, 30 November 2010,  Bahrain Center for Human Rights,  accessed  1/6/12 at http://www.bahrainrights.org/en/node/3628

 When the United States... resolve the situation.

Even if we fail- action is key to improve Bahrain’s perception of the US

Slackman 11 Michael, [New York Times] 2/21/2011, “Dim view of U.S. Stance on Bahrain Shiites is Described” http://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/22/world/middleeast/22bahrain.html?_r=1&pagewanted=all

  MANAMA, Bahrain — The... wounded many more

Aid now to Morocco

PR Newswire 12-23 2011. http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/congress-president-approve-extending-us-aid-for-morocco-reforms-to-western-sahara-advance-us-policy-backing-moroccan-autonomy-solution-136156558.html

Congress has approved... in the country.

The government won’t block
Alhasan 12/6 Hasan Tariq Alhasan, political analyst, 12-6-2011, “Taxation: Bahrain's alternative path to political reform,” openDemocracy,

The kingdom will... to further democracy.

Use the button to Add an Entry.

Use the second box for cites formatted with wiki syntax or plain text, such as that exported from Verbatim 4.

PLAN: The United States Federal Government should substantially increase democracy assistance to Bahraini labor organizations.

Advantage 1: Capitalism

The status quo policies toward democracy in the Middle East represents a neoliberal agenda based on trickle down reforms that maintain the power relations of the status quo

Dixon 11

Doctoral candidate, Department of Development Sociology, Cornell University Marion, Review of African Political Economy, "An Arab Spring,” 2011 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03056244.2011.582766, SRM)

The ‘imperial reach’... and economic justice

Supporting Bahraini Labor unions is a radical reassessment of US democracy policy and links democracy to economic justice.  We can’t stay the course with our current policies towards democracy and instead should challenge capitalism through the plan.

Bader-Blau 11

Shawna Bader-Blau is the Middle East regional program director for the Solidarity Center, a core institute of the National Endowment for Democracy, the Washington-based democracy assistance group.  May 19, 2011 “ Reassess priorities and confront Bahrain’s backlash” accessed 8/9/11 at http://www.demdigest.net/blog/2011/05/reassess-priorities-and-confront-bahrains-backlash/

The Arab spring... is watching.

Capitalism causes inequality and destroys the ecosystem and the planet

Ostapiak 8

Ostapiak, writer at Northland College, 2008, (Mark OStapiak, writer at Northland College, 2008, http://www.geocities.com/youth4sa/siegel2.html)

In 1987 the... incompatible with capitalism

Capitalism’s drive for material makes crisis and extinction inevitable

Meszaros 95

Istvan Meszaros, 1995, Professor at University of Sussex, England, “Beyond Capital: Toward a Theory of Transition”

With regard to its... uncritical defenders.

Now is a key time for democracy in Bahrain.  Plan resists state sponsored violence

Aziz and Musalem, ‘11

Sahar Aziz is a legal fellow at the Institute for Social Policy and Understanding, an associate professor of law at Texas Wesleyan University School of Law (fall 2011), and has served as a senior policy advisor at the Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties at the U.S. Department of Homeland Security.  Abdullah Musalem holds degrees in sociology as well as Middle Eastern language and cultures. Mr. Musalem grew up in Bahrain, where he has conducted social research, and has been a frequent visitor to the county over the past decade. July 2011 “ Citizens, Not Subjects: Debunking the Sectarian Narrative of Bahrain’s Pro-Democracy Movement”  Institute for Social Policy and Understanding. Accessed 8/12/11 at http://ispu.org/pdfs/640_ISPU%20Report_Bahrain_Aziz_Musalem_WEB.pdf

Bahrain has... States’ national interest.

There is still a chance to peacefully transition in Bahrain.- Plan is key to bringing disenfranchised groups to the table.

ICG, ‘11

International Crisis Group, “POPULAR PROTESTS IN NORTH AFRICA AND THE MIDDLE EAST (III): THE BAHRAIN REVOLT” Middle East/North Africa Report N°105 – 6 April 2011. Accessed 8/18/11 at http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/105-%20Popular%20Protests%20in%20North%20Africa%20and%20the%20Middle%20East%20-III-The%20Bahrain%20Revolt.ashx

The crackdown in... opportunists at worst.

There is only a chance that supporting labor unions will create a better system.

Democracy Digest, ‘11

March 14, 2011 “Bahrain invasion ‘a turning point in Arab Spring’” accessed 8/18/11 at http://www.demdigest.net/blog/2011/03/bahrain-invasion-a-turning-point-in-arab-spring/

The US has “long... to come charging in.

Advantage 2: Human Rights

Widespread human rights abuses are taking place in Bahrain.

Press TV ‘11 Press TV, Mon Aug 1, 2011 6:35PM GMT, “ 'Bahrain regime unwilling to reform'”  Interview with Nabeel Rajab, head of Bahrain Centre for Human Rights, accessed 8/2/11 at http://www.presstv.ir/detail/191891.html

In Manama, hundreds... or such a reform.

US action is needed and now is key

Aziz and Musalem, ’11 Sahar Aziz is a legal fellow at the Institute for Social Policy and Understanding, an associate professor of law at Texas Wesleyan University School of Law (fall 2011), and has served as a senior policy advisor at the Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties at the U.S. Department of Homeland Security.  Abdullah Musalem holds degrees in sociology as well as Middle Eastern language and cultures. Mr. Musalem grew up in Bahrain, where he has conducted social research, and has been a frequent visitor to the county over the past decade. July 2011 “ Citizens, Not Subjects: Debunking the Sectarian Narrative of Bahrain’s Pro-Democracy Movement”  Institute for Social Policy and Understanding. Accessed 8/12/11 at http://ispu.org/pdfs/640_ISPU%20Report_Bahrain_Aziz_Musalem_WEB.pdf

While President... security strategy.

Human rights trump other claims – they are a prerequisite to preventing war and genocide.

Felice ’96 William F. Felice, Assistant Professor, International Relations and Global Affairs at Eckerd College, ’96 “Taking suffering seriously: the importance of collective human rights” A Volume in the SUNY series in Global Conflict and Peace Educaton. STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK PRESS.

A right can be defined... claims (Dworkin 1997, 364). 

Solvency

Lack of US pressure gives the regime a green light to shut down protesters – empirically proven.

Leigh 11

Karen Leigh Wednesday, June 08, 2011, “ The U.S. and Bahrain: How to Talk Just Tough Enough with an Ally” accessed 12/23/11 at http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2076559,00.html

On Tuesday... and tear gas.

Opposition leaders are urging the US to help

Al-Ekri et. al., 10

Abdul Nabi Al-Ekri President Bahrain Transparency Society,  Essa AlGhayeb Deputy Secretary General Bahrain Human Rights Society,  Mohammed Al-Maskati President Bahrain Youth Society for Human Rights,  Nabeel Rajab President Bahrain Center for Human Rights,  Ghada Jamshir President Women's Petition Committee. “ Open letter to Hillary Clinton on eve of political dialogue in Bahrain”  Manama, 30 November 2010,  Bahrain Center for Human Rights,  accessed  1/6/12 at http://www.bahrainrights.org/en/node/3628

When the United States... resolve the situation.

Even if we fail action is key to improve Bahrain’s perception of the US

Slackman 11, Michael, [New York Times] 2/21/2011, “Dim view of U.S. Stance on Bahrain Shiites is Described” http://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/22/world/middleeast/22bahrain.html?_r=1&pagewanted=all

MANAMA, Bahrain — The... many more.

The government won’t block
 Alhasan 11

Hasan Tariq Alhasan, political analyst, 12-6-2011, “Taxation: Bahrain's alternative path to political reform,” openDemocracy,

The kingdom will... further democracy.

The State is inevitable- ivory tower criticism inevitably fails, collapsing the left and any hope for change

Rorty ’98

Richard Rorty, Professor of Philosophy at Princeton and the University of Virginia, Professor of Comparative Literature at Stanford, Achieving our country, 1998, p. 98-99 

The cultural Left... revitalize leftist politics.

Change outside the state is temporary – only engaging institutions produces lasting remedies

Milbrath 96

(Lester W., Professor Emeritus of Political Science and Sociology – SUNY Buffalo, Building

Sustainable Societies, Ed. Pirages, p. 289)

In some respects... to be effective.

Refusal to engage the state embraces anti-politics ceding politics to the Right and leads to totalitarianism

Boggs ’97(CARL BOGGS – Professor and Ph.D. Political Science, National University, Los Angeles -- Theory and Society 26: 741-780)

The false sense... from civil society.

Moving away from anti-politics is vital to check extinction

Small ‘6(Jonathan, former Americorps VISTA for the Human Services Coalition,“Moving Forward,” The Journal for Civic Commitment,  Spring, http://www.mc.maricopa.edu/other/engagement/Journal/Issue7/Small.jsp)

What will be the... seeks to do just that.

Util is inevitable

Greene 2

Joshua Greene, Department of Psychology, Princeton University. “A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE FACULTY OF PRINCETON UNIVERSITY IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREEOF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY” NOVEMBER 2002. at http://www.wjh.harvard.edu/~jgreene/GreeneWJH/Greene-Dissertation.pdf

Some people who... covertly consequentialist.

Extinction outweighs

Bostrom ‘2 Nick Bostron, Department of Philosophy, Yale University, 2002, “Existential Risks: Analyzing Human Extinction Scenarios and Related Hazards,” http://www.transhumanist.com/volume9/risks.html

Our approach to... future benefits [15,16].

Upholding life is the ultimate moral standard.

Uyl and Rasmussen ’81

profs. of philosophy at Bellarmine College and St. John’s University, 1981 (Douglas Den and Douglas, “Reading Nozick”, p. 244)

Rand has spoken... moral evaluation.

Political calculations are inevitable and good

Frankel 75

prof. of philosophy and public affairs at Columbia University, 1975 (Charles, “Morality and U.S. Foreign Policy”, http://www.carnegiecouncil.org/media/v18_i006_a006.pdf)

What are we... behavior of gods

Ontology doesn’t come first – even if our assumptions are wrong it doesn’t require the rejection of the plan.

Jarvis 00

Darryl Jarvis, Senior Lecturer in International Relations at the University of Sydney, ‘00

“International Relations and the Challenge of Postmodernism: Defending the Discipline” p. 128

Perhaps more alarming... international relations.

Denouncing interaction with political authority dooms any positive potential of the transition

Grossburg 92

Professor of COMS @ UNC Lawrence Grossburg, We Gotta Get Outta This Place, 1992, p. 362-364

In their desire to renounce...

different structures.

AT Turkey CP

No Solvency to the Sectarian Violence advantage- US is uniquely key to stop the spread of violence-

Justin Gengler, PhD Candidate in Political Science at the University of Michigan, 4-20-2011, “The Bahraini Time Bomb,”

The arrival of... will continue ticking.

Turkey has no experience

Turkish Policy Quarterly 11

 Turkish Policy Quarterly is an Istanbul-based journal published on a quarterly basis since 2002. It mainly aims to foster original thinking and stronger policy debates on Turkey and its neighborhood. Each issue focuses on a global or regional theme in an interdisciplinary fashion and includes a range of perspectives from authors of different countries and backgrounds. TPQ focuses largely on Turkey’s neighborhood, but with a global outlook, and bridges research with policy-making, and East with West.

 Nevertheless, countries... and civil society

Turkey’s lost credibility in the ME

International Crisis Group 2010[The International Crisis Group (Crisis Group) is an inde- pendent, non-profit, non-governmental organisation, with some 130 staff members on five continents, working through field-based analysis and high-level advocacy to prevent and resolve deadly conflict.] (“TURKEY AND THE MIDDLE EAST: AMBITIONS AND CONSTRAINTS,” April 7, 2010,

Turkey has not... in domestic politics

AT GIft K

Gifts are not threats, they improve relations and understanding

Mifsud, Mari Lee.[Department of Rhetoric and Communication Studies University of Richmond] Philosophy and Rhetoric, Volume 40, Number 1, 2007, pp. 89-107 (Article) On Rhetoric as Gift/Giving Pg. 93-4 [Project Muse]

Agift economy... cultural memory

The Kritik Sanctions Genocide

Willis ‘95Professor of Journalism & Director of Concentraion in Cultural Reporting and Criticism at NYU, 12-19-95 (Ellen, The Village Voice)

If intellectuals... ancient rivalries."\

AT Coersion/Objectivism K

Categorically rejecting all coercion is not productive – coercion does not always undermine autonomy and freedom

Gaylin – Clinical Professor of Psychiatry at Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Jennings – Senior Research Scholar at The Hastings Center and lecturer at Yale University School Public Health – 2003 (Willard Gaylin, M.D. and Bruce Jennings, The Perversion of Autonomy: Coercion and Constraints in a Liberal Society, p.7-8)

Social controls...

of coercion

they only focus on one facet of freedom – coercion is necessary to maintain social order upon which freedom itself depends

Gaylin – Clinical Professor of Psychiatry at Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Jennings – Senior Research Scholar at The Hastings Center and lecturer at Yale University School Public Health – 2003 (Willard Gaylin, M.D. and Bruce Jennings, The Perversion of Autonomy: Coercion and Constraints in a Liberal Society, p.12)

The ideals of...

justified coercion.

Libertarianism allows for the potential of atrocities – ensures loss of freedom

Locke 5 (Robert, Writer for The American Conservative, TAC, http://www.amconmag.com/2005_03_14/article1.html)

Libertarian naïveté... know better.  

AT Terrorism DA

Your authors don’t distinguish between democracies as targets and democracies as breeding grounds – data proves that democratic states are more likely to be targets but less likely to cause terrorism.

Christopher Gelpi and Nazli Avdan, 8/25/2011, Gelpi @ Duke University, Avdan @ Oxford University, “Democracy and the Multilateral Flow of Transnational Terrorism, 1968-2007,” Draft published on Social Science Research Network, Also American Political Science Association 2011 Meeting Paper, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1900693&download=yes

Finally, the.... Bloom illustrates.

No loose nukes

Rolf Mowatt-Larssen, March/April 2010, Senior Fellow, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs @ Harvard, former director of intelligence and counterintelligence at Dept Energy, 23-year veteran of the CIA, recipient of many intelligence-related awards, “Proliferation and Terrorism: Big Hype or Biggest Threeat?” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 66 (2): 2010, DOI: 10.2968/066002005, URL: http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/20014/proliferation_and_terrorism.html?breadcrumb=%2Fexperts%2F1961%2Frolf_mowattlarssen

Purchase. After the... greatly exaggerated.)

Case

Bahrain instability triggers a global oil-shock

Foroohar, a staff writer for TIMES, 3-17-2011

[Rana, “Why Bahrain Could Shake World Markets” , accessed date: 7-29-2011] y2k

The conflict...  the world.

Oil shock causes extinction

Bill Henderson, 2/24/2007, “Climate Change, Peak Oil And Nuclear War,” Countercurrents.org

A steep spike... nuclear attack.

AT SPP CP

CP links to trade off- funding is still federal

Owens, B. & Eid, T. A, 2002, The Washington Quarterly • 25:4 pp. 153–168, Strategic Democracy

Building: How U.S. States Can Help,

Looking forward... embraces most states

CP is still a federal policy – National Guard can only be used by the states in cases of civil disturbances or natural disasters. CP would have to wait until our impacts happen

Owens, B. & Eid, T. A, 2002, The Washington Quarterly • 25:4 pp. 153–168, Strategic Democracy

Building: How U.S. States Can Help, http://twq.com/02autumn/owens.pdf

The National Guard... nations to emulate.

SPP has to be tied to US financial assistance to be effective.

Owens, B. & Eid, T. A, 2002, The Washington Quarterly • 25:4 pp. 153–168, Strategic Democracy

Building: How U.S. States Can Help, http://twq.com/02autumn/owens.pdf

The SPP guidelines... and recognition.

CP can’t solve- there’s no money for new initiatives

Barbara Lawton 2010,  (Lt. Governor (D-WI), US Center for Citizen Diplomacy Roundtable on the Role of States chair, "The Role of States in Global Citizen Diplomacy," Nov 2010, uscenterforcitizendiplomacy.org/images/pdfs/summit-reports/Roundtables/RT_Role-of-states.pdf, accessed 10-19-11

When MMF funding... national security strategies.

Orientalism

Not root cause – war causes their impacts

Goldstein ‘1—Professor of International Relations at American University, 2001 (Joshua S., War and Gender: How Gender Shapes the War System and Vice Versa, pp.411-412)

First, peace,,, empirically inadequate.

Focus on representation kills alternative solvency – keeps politics at the local level

Collins ‘98(Patricia Hill, Prof of Sociology @ U of Maryland, College Park, “What’s Going On? Black Feminist Thought and the Politics of Postmodernism,” Fighting Words: Black Women and the Search for Justice, p. 136)

Social theories... really benefits?

Only in a democratic world is the end of Orientalism possible

Paul 11 (Aron Paul; Aug 29, 2011; Melbourne based historian and writer; )

This is the promise... progress of humanity.

Orientalism is inevitable

Bonner NO DATE (Michael Bonner; NO DATE; Michael Richard Jackson Bonner is a linguist with a background in Classics and the Late Antique Middle East.  He is a graduate of Trinity College, Toronto.  Though a specialist in Late Antique Iran, Michael is well-read in both pre-Islamic and early Islamic history.  He has travelled widely in the Middle East both before and during his research; )

What good will.... greater understanding

Tradeoff DA

No impact—“trigger” cuts won’t come into effect until 2013 and can be undone

Steinhaurer, 8/17 (Jennifer, NYT staff reporter, )

 Under the legislation... little fresh way.”

Uniqueness overwhelms—spending is going to be massively cut across to board

Giacomo 10-8 (Carl, contributor- New York Times, 2011, “No Time to get Stingy,” New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/09/opinion/sunday/no-time-to-get-stingy-about-foreign-aid.html)

At least...

the House

USAID would not be cut and funding is not enough to save Amazon biodiversity

USAID, June 1, 2005, USAID STRATEGIC PLAN FOR THE AMAZON BASIN CONSERVATION INITIATIVE, http://www.usaid.gov/locations/latin_america_caribbean/pdf/amazonbasin_strategyeng.pdf

Yet, these... government agencies.

Turn: USAID Amazon programs destabilize countries, mask racism and imperialism,

Wilson García Mérida, July 20, 2010, Mayors in the Bolivian Amazon to Expel USAID from Their Municipalities, http://english.pravda.ru/hotspots/conflicts/20-07-2010/114302-mayors_in_bolivian_amazon_expel-0/

It was... and biodiversity."

War causes environmental collapse

Adley and Grant 4 (Jessica and Andrea, Sierra Club of Canada, “The Environmental Consequences of War”, 8-24, http://www.sierraclub.ca/national/postings/war-and-environment.html)

Throughout history... and famine.[15]

Species extinctions are key to prevent complete planetary extinction.

Boulter, ‘02

Michael, professor of paleobiology at the University of East London. “Extinction Evolution and the End of Man”. Accessed on Google Books 10/3/10. P. 67

If biological evolution... on this planet

Case

The US is concerned about what a Shiite-led government would mean for regional interests but was able to use its influence Bahrain to use some more restraint against protesters.

Katzman, ‘11

Kenneth Katzman Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs July 7, 2011, Congressional Research Service “ Bahrain: Reform, Security, and U.S. Policy” accessed 8/2/11 at

Heteronormativity K

Util things

Willis (K=Genocide)

The regime in Bahrain has tortured and abducted teenagers.

Tehran Times, 8/2

Tehran Times,  August 2, 2011 “ Saudi-backed Bahraini forces attack protesters” accessed 8/2/11 at http://old.tehrantimes.com/index_View.asp?code=245394

Bahraini regime... the hospital.

Cede The Political (Boggs, ect.)

Rejecting gendered politics while still engaging in realism can still solve

Lind 5(Michael, Executive Editor of the National Interest, “Of Arms and the Woman,” Jan 20,http://feminism.eserver.org/of-arms-and-the-woman.txt)

The first thin... rigidly patriarchal

ALT CAUSE – CHILDREN’S FILMS PERPETUATE HETERONORMATIVITY

Gilbert, 09 (June, 24, Team of Researchers Blames Children's Films for Perpetuating "Heteronormativity")

Researchers at.. hetero-romantic love

Assuming that gendered dichotomies dictate every aspect of social life is incorrect—doesn’t allow a space for resistance.

Hooper, 1. Charlotte (University of Bristol research associate in politics), Manly States: Masculinities, International Relations, and Gender Politics pp 45-46.

Spike Peterson an...

is also too

Can’t generate Uniqueness- the State is inevitable- ivory tower criticism inevitably fail collapsing the left and any hope for change

Rorty ’98Richard Rorty, Professor of Philosophy at Princeton and the University of Virginia, Professor of Comparative Literature at Stanford, Achieving our country, 1998, p. 98-99 

The cultural Left.. revitalize leftist politics.

War causes gender constructions not vice versa

Blanchard 03 [ Eric M. Blanchard is a PhD Candidate in the School of International. Relations at the University of Southern California, “ Gender, International Relations, and the Development of Feminist Security TheorySigns, Vol. 28, No. 4 (Summer, 2003), pp. 1289-1312]-JT

The war... difficult years ahead

Class is the primary cause of all other forms of oppression – can’t challenge other forms of domination without challenging class first

Kovel ‘2  Alger Hiss Professor of Social Studies at Bard College, awarded Fellowship at the John Guggenheim Foundation, (Joel, The Enemy of Nature, pages 123-124)

If, however, we... conjured away.

The right is successful because the left refuses political proposals

Gitlin ‘5 (Todd formerly served as professor of sociology and director of the mass communications program at the University of California, Berkeley, and then a professor of culture, journalism and sociology at NYU. He is now a professor of journalism and sociology and chair of the Ph.D. program in Communications at Columbia University. From the Book: The Intellectuals and the Flag – 2005 –http://www.ciaonet.org.proxy2.cl.msu.edu/book/git01/git01_04.pdf

This book...  negative pole. 

Debate’s presentation of alternatives and consequences distinguish its educational value from other forms of roleplaying.

Christopher C. Joyner (prof. of International law at Georgetown) Spring 1999 “teaching international law: views from an international relations political scientist” ILSA journal of international & comparative law 5 ILSA J Int’l & Comp L 377

Use of... each debating team.

They link to their epistemology arguments—their authors face the same ideological constraints

Jef Huysmans 2002 Alternatives January-March 27:1 Infotrac

The critical,,, practice is entrenched

Perm – do both. The neg is not exclusive the starting point, rather, the aff AND the neg are part of a broader level of analysis toward the liberation of any and all people.

Hancock 7 (Ange-Marie, Associate Professor of Political Science and Gender Studies and Associate Director of Center for Study of Immigrant Integration at USC, prev Assistant Professor of Political Science and African American Studies at Yale, served as an international expert in American Politics for the U.S. Department of State and during the 2008 presidential election, conducted the preliminary research and wrote the original business plan for the Women’s National Basketball Association (WNBA), lead the 2009-2010 New Directions in Feminist Research Seminar, co-editor of the new book series The Politics of Intersectionality, “Intersectionality as a Normative and Empirical Paradigm,” Politics & Gender (2007), v3.2, pp 248-254, Cambridge Journals)

In the 10... are far brighter.

A focus on whiteness trades off with the material oppression that capitalism has caused to produce racism.

Koshy ‘1 (assistant professor in the Asian American Studies Department at the University of California, 1 , “Morphing Race into Ethnicity: Asian Americans and Critical Transformations of Whiteness”, Duke University Press, Project Muse

Whiteness studies has... racial group.

Economic egotism is the root of modern racism


Zizek ‘8 Slavoj Violence p 101-104


But we are... excluded from it.

Class is the primary cause of all other forms of oppression – can’t challenge other forms of domination without challenging class first

Kovel ‘2  Alger Hiss Professor of Social Studies at Bard College, awarded Fellowship at the John Guggenheim Foundation, (Joel, The Enemy of Nature, pages 123-124)

If, however, we... conjured away.

White-black binary marginalizes other racial identities.

Perea ‘97  (Juan, Law professor at the University of Florida, "The Black/White Binary Paradigm of Race,"  85 Calif. L. Rev. 1213)

B. Describing the... seen at all."

This produces a flawed understanding of race that ensures oppression continues.

Perea ‘97  (Juan, Law professor at the University of Florida, "The Black/White Binary Paradigm of Race,"  85 Calif. L. Rev. 1213)

My argument is not... it on equal terms.

They reify whiteness- focusing the debate on whiteness makes it into a monolith, sustaining the narcissism that elevates whiteness to a spectacle

Ahmed ‘4 (Sara, University of London Race and Cultural studies, "Declarations of Whiteness: The Non-Performativity of Anti-Racism," Borderlands, Vol 3 No 2, http://www.borderlands.net.au/vol3no2_2004/ahmed_declarations.htm)

3. Whiteness studies is... could be loved.