Arab Spring DA - Egypt, Libya, Syria
A. Uniqueness – The Arab Spring is winning globally
Jensen, reporter in Cairo, Tarnopolsky, reporter in Jerusalem & Macleod, reporter in Beirut, 10/11/11 (Jon, Noga, & Hugh, The Global Post, “Occupy Wall Street: Stalwarts of Arab Spring offer advice”, http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/regions/americas/united-states/111010/occupy-wall-street-arab-spring-protests)
It all began in Tunisia. The protests that toppled a dictator inspired a region, and they spread to Egypt, then Yemen, Libya, Bahrain and Syria... Every single person that goes out onto the street in America for a peaceful protest should know very well their rights under the U.S. law.
B. Link – The plan is short-term support so the US can turn the Arab Spring into a way of re-establishing itself in the region. _____ is expendable.
Hearst, 10/13/11 (David, The Guardian, “This Middle East power struggle could kill off the Arab spring”, http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2011/oct/13/middle-east-arab-spring-saudi-ambassador?newsfeed=true)
The kingdom's closest ally,
the US, also
needs a new way of re-establishing itself in a region so central to its interests...The gap between stated policy and national interest will go from being latent to something that has to be bridged. What better way to do that than a conflict with Iran?
C. Impact: Regional Stability
1. A grassroots Arab Spring is the best hope for regional peace and stability
Cassel, assistant editor of the Electric Intifada, 10
Matthew, “Washington Peace Talks: Democracy Need Not Apply.” September 15,
http://electronicintifada.net/content/washington-peace-talks-democracy-need-not-apply/9030
Although not invited to the White House, the numerous grassroots movements across the Middle East present the best hope for bringing peace and justice to this region....In the meantime, let the puppets and their masters walk on red carpets in Washington while the real change is made by those with their feet on the ground.
2. These regional conflicts escalate to a global nuclear war
Steinbach 2002 (John Steinbach in March 2002 (Source: Nuclear Age Peace Foundation http://www.wagingpeace.org/articles/2002/03/00_steinbach_israeli-wmd.htm)
Meanwhile, the existence of an arsenal of mass destruction in such an unstable region in turn has serious implications for future arms control and disarmament negotiations, and even the threat of nuclear war...In the words of Mark Gaffney, "... if the familar pattern(Israel refining its weapons of mass destruction with U.S. complicity) is not reversed soon - for whatever reason - the deepening Middle East conflict could trigger a world conflagration."
Arab Spring DA -Bahrain, Yemen, Syria
A. Uniqueness - The Arab uprisings prove ____ can bring down its dictator without any external assistance.
Alexander, Professor in the College of Arts & Sciences at Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, 10/12/11 (Kristian, Kahleej Times, “Deconstructing Arab uprisings”, http://www.khaleejtimes.com/DisplayArticleNew.asp?col=§ion=opinion&xfile=data/opinion/2011/October/opinion_October56.xml)
The ongoing ‘Arab Spring’, as it has been heraldedby many in the press and the academia
has reached a stage at which a preliminary evaluation would be in place....The empty promises and rhetoric of US policymakers, for example, which for decades had aided and abetted dictatorial rule and in the post-911 era sent suspected Islamists to Egyptian and even Libyan torture chambers and gallows, and by January 2011 suddenly sided with justice and democratic reform, has long become a farce or smoke and mirror in the eyes of the Arab public.
B. Link – Headless Movements
1. US democracy assistance is a paralyzing institutional culture
Carothers, 2009 (Thomas, Carnegie Endowment, “Revitalizing US Democracy Assistance”, p. 20-21)
USAID’s basic operating procedures—a term used here as shorthand for the rules, regulations, and procedures that underpin the agency’s programming—are a major cause of the lamentable patterns of
inflexibility, cumbersomeness, lack of innovation, and mechanical application that hobble much of its democracy and governance work...
The problemthus
remains of simplistic, mechanistic indicators encouraging program implementation that is driven by the imperative of “meeting the numbers” rather than doing what is necessary to produce meaningful results.
2. Successful movements must not be an organization.
Shaffir, a lead organizer of the Israeli social protest movement, & interviewed by Tarnopolsky, 10/11/11 (Stav & Noga, The Global Post, “Occupy Wall Street: Stalwarts of Arab Spring offer advice”, http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/regions/americas/united-states/111010/occupy-wall-street-arab-spring-protests)
What advice do you have for the U.S. protesters? “First thing is,
don’t over organize....
They are clueless how to respond.”
C. Same impact scenario as above.
ARMS SALES DA
A. Obama is placing an informal ban on arms sales to unstable states
Shalal-Esa, 2011 (Andrea, Unrest Clouds outlook for US arms sales to the Mideast, Feb. 2, http://www.trust.org/alertnet/news/analysis-unrest-clouds-outlook-for-us-arms-sales-to-mideast)
Massive unrest spreading across the Middle East could put the brakes on billions of dollars of arms sales the U.S. government is negotiating with countries in that region, at least in the short term....For U.S. companies that means some big-ticket foreign sales that have already been approved by Congress and the Pentagon may not show up in their 2011 order books as expected.
B. Increasing democratization result in increased arms sales to the target country
Blanton, 2000 (Shannon Lindsay, ‘Promoting Human Rights and Democracy in the Developing World: US Rhetoric versus US Arms Exports’, American Journal of Political Science, Vol.44, No.1 (2000), p. 125-129)
To assess the role of human rights and democracy in accounting for the transfer of U.S. arms to developing countries, I construct a two-stage model...The U.S. is exporting large quantities of arms, but they are being exported in a manner that favors those countries that are democratic and respect human rights.
C. Gettin' A Beat Down
1. Arms Sales cause major human rights abuses
Shah, 2011 (Anup, Global Issues, Arms Trade—a major cause of suffering, May 2,
http://www.globalissues.org/issue/73/arms-trade-a-major-cause-of-suffering
Every gun that is made, every warship launched, every rocket fired signifies, in the final sense, a theft from those who hunger and are not fed, those who are cold and are not clothed...While every nation has the right and the need to ensure its security, in these changing times, arms requirements and procurements may need to change too.
2. Violations of human rights cause spiraling wars and economic crisis
Maiese 03- Maiese, Michelle. ("Human Rights Violations." Beyond Intractability. Eds. Guy Burgess and Heidi Burgess. Conflict Research Consortium, University of Colorado, Boulder. Posted: July 2003 [http://www.beyondintractability.org/essay/human_rights_violations/])
Many have noted the strong interdependence between human rights violations and intractable conflict....This is because it is difficult for parties to move toward conflict transformation and forgiveness when memories of severe violence and atrocity are still primary in their minds.
Topicality - DA = Elections
Democracy assistance should be limited to electoral-based approaches
Lappin, Ph.D. candidate at the Center of Peace Research and Strategic Studies, 2010 (Richard, "What we talk about when we talk about democracy assistance", CEJISS, Volume 4, Issue 1, http://www.cejiss.org/sites/default/files/8.pdf)
The definitional ambiguity that surrounds democracy assistance conceals a more profound disagreement over the very nature of democracy itself...And to what extent do these local interpretations skew our (Western) understanding of democracy and the benefits it is intended to bring to peacebuilding? (Karlstrom 1996; Paley 2002)
Ranciere Kritik
A. Anti-democracy
1. Neutralizing democracy by placing it in terms of (structural explanations, policy problems waiting for policy solutions) comes from a deep fear/hatred of democracy. The aff is anti-democracy.
Simons & Masschelein, 2010 (Maarten & Jan, Educational Philosophy and Theory, " Hatred of Democracy ... and of the Public Role of Education?", Vol. 42, Nos. 5–6, p. 513-514)
According to Rancière (1998), democracy should not be conceptualized as a political or governmental regime (of equal participation or representation)
among other less democratic ones, but as the constitution of a political subject through a manifestation and demonstration of injustice or ‘a wrong’...The capacity/power of the demos, which is not the power of the people or its majority, but the power or capacity of no matter who(of whoever). It is the hypothesis and confirmation of this potentiality/capacity/power, the rejection of the reign of necessity, this Jacotist hypothesis that makes the thought of Rancière so fruitful, provocative and promising for any philosophy of education today
2. The affirmative's institutional democracy is a police order. It partitions the sensible, allocating doing, saying, seeing into specific roles and places.
Friedrich, Jaastad & Popkewitz, 2010 (Daniel, Bryn, & Thomas S., Educational Philosophy and Theory, "Democratic Education: An (im)possibility that yet remains to come", Vol. 42, Nos. 5–6, p. 572)
No matter how your idealeducational
institution compares to currently existing ones, it will still fail to be democratic,if we follow Rancière’s political theory—that is,
if we understand democracy not as a form of government or a set of rules on how to live a moral life, but as a political act of subjectification,
as a challenge to the distribution of the sensible, to the ways in which the world is perceived, thought and acted upon...If this is true, some questions need to be addressed, maybe the most important being: what is it in our way of thinking, in our reasoning about schooling, that has embedded in it these qualities, even when we are trying to democratize schooling in our most sincere efforts, no matter what notion of democracy is guiding our practice?
B. They won’t Never Get a Peace.
1. The partitioned assumptions of the police order produce inequality a priori
Friedrich, Jaastad & Popkewitz, 2010 (Daniel, Bryn, & Thomas S., Educational Philosophy and Theory, "Democratic Education: An (im)possibility that yet remains to come", Vol. 42, Nos. 5–6, p. 576-577)
The main issue here arises when those who already have a part name ‘the oppressed’, in order to include them in the consensus that shapes what can be seen, heard, or felt in schooling...
They emerge from a grid of historically produced discursive practices that make them intelligible and part of what is to be acted upon.
2. Domination is a cycle which makes violence the norm. We must presuppose equality to make a move to non-violent politics.
May, 07 (Todd, SubStance, “Jacques Rancière and the Ethics of Equality”, Issue 113, Volume 36, Number 2, p. 34-35)
Among what is to be understood is the second question alluded to above: what, if anything, do the ethics of political action imply for the character of political action itself?...In the framework of a political orientation whose task is to declassify, nonviolent action carries with it more radical possibilities for declassification than the simple inversion that is the standard consequence of violent resistance.
C. The alternative: Equality should be the initial axiom of the debate. Debate cannot be political without the presupposition that equality is the most important standard
Biesta, professor of Education @ U of Stirling, 2010 (Gert, Educational Theory, "A New Logic of Emancipation: The Methodology of Jacques RanciÈre", Feb. 1, p. 5051)
There is one final element in Ranci` ere’s thought that needs clarification, and this is the idea of equality....Yet equality only generates politics ‘‘when it is implemented in the specific form of a particular case of dissensus’’ (PA, 52), and it is then that ‘‘a specific subject is constituted, a supernumerary subject in relation to the calculated number of groups, places, and functions of society’’ (PA, 51).
