ASPEC

       4. Vote Neg on presumption—90% of solvency in specification of the plan

Elmore 80

Saudi Relations

A. Uniqueness – US-Saudi relations are on the brink now – Arab Spring has intensified disagreements

Grause 8/9/11 (F. Gregory, Political Science Prof at the University of Vermont, “Is Saudi Arabia really counter-revolutionary?”) http://mideast.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2011/08/09/is_saudi_arabia_really_counter_revolutionary

While the sectarian…brink of divorce.

B. Link – United States democracy assistance to the Middle East collapses relations with Saudi Arabia

Business Insider 2011 ("What's Really Happening In Bahrain And Why It Matters" LEXIS, SRM)

It appears Saudi ….in the region.

C. Impact –  Relations decline over the Arab Spring will drive the Saudis to proliferate

Guzansky 7/1/11 (Yoel Guzansky is a research fellow at the Institute for National Security Studies at Tel Aviv University. He joined INSS after serving at Israel's National Security Council; "TEHRAN TESTS SAUDIS' NERVE ON NUKES", LEXIS, SRM)

UNTIL recently it …than $US300 billion.

Saudi prolif leads to fast regional prolif

Center for Contemporary Conflict 4 (“Conference on WMD Proliferation in the Middle East: Directions and Policy Options in the New Century” http://www.ciaonet.org/olj/si/si_3_8/si_3_8_ruj01.pdf)

James Russell from …ensure U.S. engagement?

Nuclear proliferation ensures extinction – none of their impact defense applies

Utgoff 2 [Victor, Deputy Director of the Strategy, Forces, and Resources Division of the Institute for Defense Analysis, "Proliferation, Missile Defense, and American Ambitions," Survival, Summer, p. 87-90]cn

Further, the large ….of nuclear threats.

The EU solves democracy promotion in the Arab world
Abboud 2010 (Noufal Abboud was Project Coordinator at the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA) project on Democracy in the Arab Word, focusing on elections, political parties and women’s participation in politics in Egypt, Yemen and Jordan.  He has a MA in Human Rights from Mahidol University, Thailand, and a Licence en Droit (BA in Law) from University Hassan II in Casablanca, Morocco; "Regenerating the State in the Arab World: The Role Of the European Union in Democracy Building"; http://www.idea.int/resources/analysis/upload/Abboud_low_1.pdf, SRM)
It is only ….catalyst or teacher.

The EU is comparatively more effective than the US at democracy promotion - Arab perception
Abboud 2010 (Noufal Abboud was Project Coordinator at the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA) project on Democracy in the Arab Word, focusing on elections, political parties and women’s participation in politics in Egypt, Yemen and Jordan.  He has a MA in Human Rights from Mahidol University, Thailand, and a Licence en Droit (BA in Law) from University Hassan II in Casablanca, Morocco; "Regenerating the State in the Arab World: The Role Of the European Union in Democracy Building"; http://www.idea.int/resources/analysis/upload/Abboud_low_1.pdf, SRM)
Finally, the Arab…., diversity and justice.

EU support would help human rights monitoring and good governance in Bahrain – utilize its ‘soft power’, would be welcomed by all parties involved, and has historically succeeded
E. A. Fakhro, LLB from Queen Mary College, University of London, and is currently studying for an LLM in international human rights law at Harvard Law School. She is originally from Bahrain. “The European Union and Islam: Democracy Promotion in Bahrain and the Arab World”, Int’l Instit. For Dem. And Electoral Asst, 2009
In developing its ….lecture in Bahrain (Nelson, 2008).

EU involvement is key to end crisis in Bahrain and stabilize relations with Iran and Saudi Arabia
Dr. Ali Akbar Asadi, Researcher; Center for Strategic Research, “Conflict of Iran and Saudi Interests in Bahrain”, Iranian Diplomacy, April 25, 2011
The way out …relations are needed.

EU is best suited to solve Egyptian transition to democracy -
Álvaro de Vasconcelos has been Director of the EU Institute for Security Studies since May 2007, “The Arab democratic wave: How the EU can seize the moment”, European Union Institute for Security Studies, March 2011
How ca n the …the status quo.

The affirmative’s discursive constructions of the world aren’t grounded in reality—their claims to objectivity only mask Orientalism’s violence
Marandi 09—head of dept. of North American studies, U Tehran (Seyed, Western Media Representations, Iran, and Orientalist Stereotypes, January 2009, http://conflictsforum.org/briefings/western-media-representations.pdf, AMiles) ellipses in orig 

Orientalism describes the ….of the executioner.8 

Our alternative is to “Question Orientalism.”

Reject the affirmatives rush to action—their dependence on expert knowledge production and disaster scenarios has empirically resulted in atrocities—rethinking our Orientalistic understandings of the world is key to stop cycles of error replication  
Said 03—Frmr prof, English and Comp Lit, Columbia. PhD, Harvard (Edward, A window on the world, http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2003/aug/02/alqaida.highereducation, AMiles)
insouciance = lack of concern
I wish I …..disfigure human history. 

Text: 

A. The term “assistance” re-inscribes colonial power relations
Gronemeyer 92[Marianne, professor of pedagogy and social science at the University of Applied Sciences in Wiesbaden, In Sachs ed, The Development Dictionary, 1992 p. 53]

Now, if help …euphonious word, help.

B. Cooperation solves by shedding the power relations created by the term assistance.

Beatty 97 (Perrin, Secretary Of State For External Affairs Of Canada,  Association of Southeast Asian Ministries, 1997 http://www.aseansec.org/4459.htm, accessed)

I wish in …forge this week.

The politicization of women’s rights in Afghanistan merely paves the way to racist imperialism: when Afghani womanhood is defined in terms of civilization and savagery, the affirmative’s appeal to women’s suffering is used to prove the barbarism and depravity of Middle Eastern men.  Additionally, the plan’s call for women to be recognized by the government process renders women’s identity entirely dependent upon a masculine gesture.  Additionally, these originary distinctions between savage and civilization, masculine and feminine, is the root cause of their harms: it is the primary justification for preemptive American intervention abroad.
Razack 2005 [Sherene, “Geopolitics, Culture Clash, and Gender After September 11.”  Social Justice, Vol. 32, Issue 4.]

THE ATTACKS ON ….
versus the West. 

Every value posited by the affirmative creates a corresponding non-value that must be eradicated – the ever-enlarging club of states tied to the U.S. through diplomatic engagement creates an ever-larger field of enemies who must be annihilated lest they threaten our benevolent global order
William Rasch, Henry H. H. Remak Professor of Germanic Studies at Indiana University, Spring 2003, Cultural Critique, Vol. 54
Yes, this passage …the liberal order.  

(     ) Democracy assistance is distinct from development assistance
Cohen 9 (Michael A., “Revitalization US Democracy Promotion: A Comprehensive Plan for Reform” April)
Of course, even … be more effective.

<h5 id="HNeg:EasternWashingtonUniverswityCO"><span><span class="Underline">Neg: Eastern Washington Universwity CO</span></span></h5><h5 id="HRound238Tournament:Wake"><span><span class="Underline">Round #8 &nbsp;Tournament:Wake</span></span></h5><h5 id="HVsTeam:Vanderbilt"><span><span class="Underline">Vs Team: Vanderbilt</span></span></h5><h5 id="HJudge:BenCrossan"><span><span class="Underline">Judge: Ben Crossan</span></span></h5><p class="MsoNormal"><span class="Underline" style="text-decoration: none;">&nbsp;</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span class="Underline" style="text-decoration: none;">&nbsp;</span></p><h6 id="HOffCaseArgs:"><span><span class="Underline">Off Case Args:</span></span></h6><p class="MsoNormal"><span class="Underline">Ospec</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span class="Underline">orientalism</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span class="Underline" style="text-decoration: none;">&nbsp;</span></p><h6 id="HCaseArgs:"><span><span class="Underline">Case Args:</span></span></h6><p class="MsoNormal"><span class="Underline">Heg &gt; terror</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span class="Underline">Econ threat construction bad</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span class="Underline" style="text-decoration: none;">&nbsp;</span></p><h6 id="HBlockStrategy:"><span><span class="Underline">Block Strategy:</span></span></h6><p class="MsoNormal"><span class="Underline">orientalism</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span class="Underline" style="text-decoration: none;">&nbsp;</span></p><h6 id="H2nrStrategy:"><span><span class="Underline">2nr Strategy:</span></span></h6><p class="MsoNormal"><span class="Underline">orientalism</span></p>

<p>Subpoint A is the Links:<br class="lineBreak"><br class="lineBreak"> <br class="lineBreak"><br class="lineBreak">First, Orientalism is a discourse which represents the Other of the West as barbarous, backwards, and uncivilized. &nbsp;Orientalism thus encloses the horizons of thought about the Other and legitimates imperialist violence.<br class="lineBreak"><br class="lineBreak">Marandi 09—head of dept. of North American studies, U Tehran (Seyed, “Western Media Representations, Iran, and Orientalist Stereotypes,” January 2009, briefings/western-media-representations.pdf) ellipses in orig<br class="lineBreak"><br class="lineBreak">Orientalism describes the …..of the executioner.8<br class="lineBreak"><br class="lineBreak"> <br class="lineBreak"><br class="lineBreak">Second, democracy assistance occurs against the backdrop of the Orientalist desire to control and manage the Middle East; soft power and aid merely attempt to integrate revolutionary forces into the exist world order of US dominance. <br class="lineBreak"><br class="lineBreak">Ghannoushi 2011 [Soumaya, researcher in the history of ideas at the School of Oriental and African Studies. &nbsp;“Obama, hands off our spring,” The Guardian 26 May 2011. &nbsp;www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2011/may/26/obama-hands-off-arab-spring]<br class="lineBreak"><br class="lineBreak">The first wave …. and aiding occupation.<br class="lineBreak"><br class="lineBreak"> <br class="lineBreak"><br class="lineBreak">Subpoint B is the Impacts:<br class="lineBreak"><br class="lineBreak"> <br class="lineBreak"><br class="lineBreak">First, the structure of Orientalism mirrors the ontological and epistemological features of the politics of war. &nbsp;Global violence is driven by interlocking oppressions connected by an instrumental, hegemonic mode of thought which presumes the autonomy and detachment of the thinker. &nbsp;This centrist view transforms all humans and nature into resources to be consumed, making violence a logical necessity. <br class="lineBreak"><br class="lineBreak">Burke 2007 [Anthony, Senior Lecturer in Politics and International Relations at the University of New South Wales-Sydney, in Theory &amp; Event 10.2]<br class="lineBreak"><br class="lineBreak">This process Heidegger …. Will our thought? &nbsp;<br class="lineBreak"><br class="lineBreak"> <br class="lineBreak"><br class="lineBreak">Second, against the backdrop of Orientalism, this kind of knowledge-production culminates in racism and genocide.<br class="lineBreak"><br class="lineBreak">Batur 07 [Pinar, Professor of Sociology at Vassar, “The Heart of Violence: Global Racism, War, and Genocide,” in The Handbook of the Sociology of Racial and Ethnic Relations, eds. Vera and Feagin p. 446-447]<br class="lineBreak"><br class="lineBreak">At the turn …. genocide, in Darfur. &nbsp;<br class="lineBreak"><br class="lineBreak"> <br class="lineBreak"><br class="lineBreak">Subpoint C is the Alternative:<br class="lineBreak"><br class="lineBreak"> <br class="lineBreak"><br class="lineBreak">“Question Orientalism”.<br class="lineBreak"><br class="lineBreak"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br class="lineBreak"><br class="lineBreak">Our role as intellectuals and knowledge-producers is of the utmost importance: empirically, reliance on experts and policymakers has produced atrocities. &nbsp;If we hope for an end to violence, we must transform the way that we produce knowledge about the Orient.<br class="lineBreak"><br class="lineBreak">Said 03—Frmr prof, English and Comp Lit, Columbia. PhD, Harvard (Edward, “A window on the world,” <br class="lineBreak"><br class="lineBreak">I wish I …. disfigure human history.<br class="lineBreak"><br class="lineBreak"> <br class="lineBreak"><br class="lineBreak">The critique comes first. &nbsp;Discursive hegemony is not coercive—it is constructed through everyday acts of representation and knowledge-production. &nbsp;What we do here and now, in this room as members of the debate community, actively constructs the horizons of selfhood and otherness which sustain the structure of Orientalism. <br class="lineBreak"><br class="lineBreak">Goodwin-Smith 2011 [Ian, School of Psychology, Social Work, and Social Policy at the University of South Australia, “Resisting Foucault: the necessity of appropriation,” in Social Identities 16.5]<br class="lineBreak"><br class="lineBreak">As an analysis …. of postcolonial thinking.<br class="lineBreak"><br class="lineBreak"> <br class="lineBreak"><br class="lineBreak">The role of the ballot is a question of the value of the scholarship and knowledge produced by the debaters. &nbsp;Knowledge-production is key: the most seemingly obvious ‘knowledge’ is often only one possible interpretation of utterly contingent historical events, so you should strongly err neg on the framework. &nbsp;Only a high degree of skepticism about knowledge and discourse can arrest failed policy models and imperial adventurism. &nbsp;If we win a link, they shouldn’t get to weigh the case.<br class="lineBreak"><br class="lineBreak">Lori Crowe, Ph.D. Candidate in Political Science at York University, 2007, “The “Fuzzy Dream”: Discourse, Historical myths, and Militarized (in)Security - Interrogating dangerous myths of Afghanistan and the ‘West,’” p.5-9<br class="lineBreak"><br class="lineBreak">Wallerstein has asserted …in the future.<br class="lineBreak"><br class="lineBreak"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br class="lineBreak"><br class="lineBreak">Critique comes before policymaking. &nbsp;Their framework restricts practice and agency to only those issues that fit on the official agendas of policymakers – the history of security politics in the Middle East proves that this restrictive definition of the political is responsible for the marginalization of entire populations and results in a cycle of policy failure. Our alternative is necessary to broaden conceptions of security and agency.<br class="lineBreak"><br class="lineBreak">Pinar Bilgin, Professor of International Relations at Bilkent University, Ankara, 2005, Regional Security in the Middle East: A Critical Perspective, p. 49-51<br class="lineBreak"><br class="lineBreak">The positions of …. notion of 'objectivity'.</p>

<p class="tag">Plan: The United States Federal Government should offer a substantial increase to the democracy portions of Expanded- International Military Education and Training programs to Misr by making it available to lower military officials and civilians.</p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="tag">The term “Egypt” was historically defined oppositional to Greece, allowing for the imposition of a relationship of racial inferiority – even attempts to dissociate Egypt from this history reinscribe Egyptian identity as one which is governed by racial overtones.</p><p></p><p></p><p class="tag">Fields 2k <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal;">(Darell, Associate Professor of Architecture at Harvard University Graduate School of Design, Architecture in Black, pp. pp. 69-71)</span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;">Although this negative characterization is .....aesthetically conceived definition of architecture.&nbsp;</span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;">&nbsp;</span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt;">Racism is a d-rule</span></p><p><span class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt;">Barndt 91</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;">&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;">(Joseph. NYC pastor and author, “Crossroads; Dismantling Racism” p. 219, date accessed: 7/8/2010) AJK</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;"><br class="lineBreak">&nbsp;</span><span class="underline">To study racism is to study....for all, the walls of racism.</span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;">&nbsp;</span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="tag">The counterplan’s use of the official term Misr to refer to Egypt solves without using the Greek’s imposed vocabulary.</p><p></p><p></p><p class="tag">Canli 8 <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal;">(“Misir, Egypt...Where did those names come from?” 11/22, </span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;">Over the millenniums</span><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;"><ins>, Egypt has ....... the ancient Greek word</ins></span></strong><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;">&nbsp;Aígyptos (Αίγυπτος).<br class="lineBreak"><br class="lineBreak"></span></p>

<p class="tag">Egyptians are desperate to reject U.S. intervention<br class="lineBreak"></p><p></p><p></p><p class="card" style="margin-left: 0in;"><span class="tagChar" style="font-size: 12pt; color: black;">Gold 11</span><span style="color: black;">&nbsp;</span><span class="tagChar" style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-weight: normal;">(Gerry, editor of Economics, July 6, “Egypt’s military regime is challenged,” JJN</span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="card"><span class="underline" style="color: black;">Egyptian finance officials ....</span><span style="font-size: 8pt; color: black;">&nbsp;other foreign donors.</span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="tag"><span class="cite" style="color: black;">IMET results negligible due to low rank of trainees and long time frames</span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span class="underline" style="color: black;">Bruneau, Peggar, and Wright 8&nbsp;</span><span style="color: black;">(Researchers at the Center for Civil-Military Relations, “IMET Assessment Project,” pg 29, 2008) KJS</span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="card"><span style="color: black;">Sixth, the question .....</span><span class="underline">years or decade</span>s.</p><p></p><p></p><p class="tag"><span class="underline" style="color: black; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none;">&nbsp;</span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="tag">Plan can’t solve – U.S. assistance won’t have credibility with civilians<span class="underline" style="color: black; font-weight: normal;"><br class="lineBreak"> <br class="lineBreak"></span>RT News 11<span class="cite" style="color: black; font-weight: normal;">&nbsp;(June 30, “Egyptians are not going to forgive the US – journalist,” JJN</span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="card"><span class="underline" style="color: black;">Afshin Rattansi believes.....l</span><span style="font-size: 8pt; color: black;">oss of sovereignty.”</span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="tag"><span style="color: black;">&nbsp;</span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="tag">Egyptians won’t cooperate – They resent American success and foreign policy</p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;</p><p></p><p></p><p class="tag"><span style="color: black;">Sherbiny 5</span><span style="color: black; font-weight: normal;">&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-weight: normal;">(Sherbiny A., Winter, “America: a view from Egypt” <em>Social Research,</em> 72.4,P 831-856)</span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="card"><span style="color: black;">With this background .....</span><span class="underline">&nbsp;ineptness and suppression.</span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;">&nbsp;</span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><strong>Heg doesn’t solve war</strong></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><strong>Fettweis 10</strong> &nbsp;Professor of national security affairs @ U.S. Naval War College.</p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal">(Christopher J. Fettweis, “Threat and Anxiety in US Foreign Policy,” &nbsp;, Volume , Issue April 2010 , pages 59 – 82informaworld)</p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">One potential explanation&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 8pt; text-decoration: underline;">......</span><ins>expenditure are unrelated.</ins></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;">Depictions of the Iranian nuclear bomb threat replicate Orientalism</span></strong></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;">Izadi and Biria 2007</span></strong></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;">[Izadi, doctoral student in communication, and Saghaye-Biria, master’s student in mass communication at</span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;">Louisiana State University Foad and Hakimeh, Journal of Communication Inquiry, Vol 31, No 2, p. 5]</span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;">This study supports Karim (2000) and McAlister’s (2001) findings that, today,</span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="tag">&nbsp;</p><p></p><p></p><p class="tag"><ins><span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% aqua; font-weight: normal;">Orientalist depictions .......</span></ins><ins><span style="font-weight: normal;">&nbsp;of official policies.</span></ins></p>

<p class="BlockTitle">O-Spec</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;">&nbsp;</span></p><p class="tag" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;">A.</span><span style="font: 7pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;">Our interpretation is that the affirmative can only use the USFG in the plan text.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;">&nbsp;</span></p><p class="tag" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;">B.</span><span style="font: 7pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;">The violation is that they specify that the Executive does the plan.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;">&nbsp;</span></p><p class="tag" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;">C.</span><span style="font: 7pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;">Standards</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;">&nbsp;</span></p><p class="tag" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;">1.</span><span style="font: 7pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;">Ground – overspecification lets them render agent CP’s non-options or noncompetitive by the power of fiat and lets them link out of specific agency disads. &nbsp;The negative has a right to normal means debates about who would do the plan.&nbsp;</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;">&nbsp;</span></p><p class="tag" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;">2.</span><span style="font: 7pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;">Education – normal means debates are the best way to learn about the implementation of the plan.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;">&nbsp;</span></p><p class="tag" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;">3.</span><span style="font: 7pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;">Predictability – normal means debates are predictable for the aff and the neg because they are lit-based.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;">&nbsp;</span></p><p class="tag" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;">D.</span><span style="font: 7pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;">Voter for fairness and education.</span></p>

<p class="tag">Even seemingly critical affirmations of the topic are set within the framework of Authenticity. &nbsp;Critique only reproduces the subjectivity of the privileged western intellectual. &nbsp;The subjectivity of the Western radical intellectual can best be characterized as <em>parasubjective</em>: the sovereignty of the European Subject is smuggled through the supposed transparency of representation inaugurated by the conflation of signification and action.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt;">Spivak 1988</span> [Gaytari, “Can the Subaltern Speak?” in <em>Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture</em> ed. Cary Nelson and Lawrence Grossberg, pp. 271-316]</p><p class="card"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">When Foucault considers the pervasive</span><span class="underline" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% aqua;">..... intellectuals represent themselves as transparent</span><span style="font-size: 8pt;">.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;</p><p class="tag">&nbsp;</p><p class="tag">As long as discourses are arranged according to the illusion of authenticity and as long as our politics are hierarchialized according to the way that they penetrate to the truth of cultural identities, the basic structure of hegemonic imperialism which retains the power to discipline these identities remains intact.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size: 13pt;">Bowman 2010</span> [Paul, professor of cultural studies at Cardiff University. &nbsp;“INTRODUCTION</p><p class="MsoNormal">Rey Chow and postcolonial social semiotics,” <em>Social Semiotics&nbsp;</em>20.4]</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">A confession: a predictable confession. .... Chow’s ongoing body of work.</span></p><p class="tag">&nbsp;</p><p class="tag">Their criticisms of the status quo overdetermine and presuppose the value of the oppressed subject position by leveraging the truth of their representations of the Other against the imperialisms of the status quo. &nbsp;Our claim is that this simply reverses the hierarchy of authenticities that imperialism and privilege use to authorize its oppression of the Third World.&nbsp;</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size: 13pt;">Chaudhardy 2010</span> [Zahid, Assistant Professor of English at Princeton. “The labor of mimesis,” <em>Social Semiotics</em> 20.4]</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span class="StyleBoldUnderline">Rather, the ‘‘betrayals’’ that seem&nbsp;</span><span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% lime;">...... shaped by the same structuration</span><span style="font-size: 8pt;">.7</span></p><p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;</p><p class="tag">The Impacts:</p><p class="tag">The international division of labor perpetuates cycles of violence against the periphery – the impact is extinction</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt;">Santos</span>, professor at the University of Coimbra, School of Economics, 20<span class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt;">03</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black;">(Sousa, professor at the University of Coimbra, School of Economics, April&nbsp;</span>, 7/1/09, M.E.)</p><p class="card">According to Franz Hinkelammert, <span class="underline">the&nbsp;</span><strong><ins>..... a machine of horror and destruction</ins></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;</p><p class="tag">Against the backdrop of authenticity, this kind of knowledge-production culminates in racism and genocide.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt;">Batur 07</span> [Pinar, Professor of Sociology at Vassar, “The Heart of Violence: Global Racism, War, and Genocide,” in <em>The Handbook of the Sociology of Racial and Ethnic Relations</em>, eds. Vera and Feagin p. 446-447]</p><p class="card"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">At the turn of the 20th ..... up with genocide, in Darfur.&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></p><p style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;">&nbsp;</p><p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;</p><p class="tag"><span class="cite">Thus the Alternative: “Question Authenticity”</span></p><p class="tag"><span class="cite">&nbsp;</span></p><p class="tag"><span class="cite">We have to recognize that knowledge is produced by us for a purpose.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span class="cite" style="font-size: 12pt;">Said 03</span>—Frmr prof, English and Comp Lit, Columbia. PhD, Harvard (Edward, “A window on the world,” </p><p class="card"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">All this was obviously undermined ..... injustices that disfigure human history.</span></p><p style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;">&nbsp;</p><p class="tag">The translation of other cultures into debate is never through a merely linguistic passageway; the arcade is dotted with shop fronts and bazaars which throw only the profane light of commodification upon the object of study.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size: 13pt;">Chaudhardy 2010</span> [Zahid, Assistant Professor of English at Princeton. “The labor of mimesis,” <em>Social Semiotics</em> 20.4]</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Perhaps the BenjaminianHeideggerian synthesis .....the object of study itself.</span></p>

A.  Our framework – the aff can only defend advantages based on the consequences of hypothetical enactment of their plan.  They should win if the plan is the best option presented.  The neg should win if the plan is worse than the status quo or an alternative competitive with the plan. 

B. Violation – the aff claims advantages independent of the enactment of a plan

C. Prefer our interpretation:

1) Stable and predictable ground – using their plan as a starting point for some other discussion or to access an advantage independent of the plan’s enactment undermines our ability to generate offense that’s stable and predictable. They could read a plan with any advantage that the neg could never predict or adequately prepare for.

2) Judge evaluation – their framework will have no coherent criteria for how the judge should assess competing claims or weigh impacts.

3) Topic education – their framework is designed to dodge education about the core questions of Middle East policy, which makes debate devolve into repetitive discussions of micropolitics that aren’t educational. Lack of predictability means the aff is never tested in-depth and every debate is shallow. Topic-specific education is the most important benefit of debate.

4) Topicality before advocacy – vote negative to say that you think they are not topical, not that you don’t believe in their project

5) Topical version of their aff- they can have their conspiracy theory, they just have to do something about it

D. Vote negative – their framework is unfair, and there’s in-round abuse. Extra-topicality is an independent voter because it proves the resolution insufficient and is outside the judge’s jurisdiction.

This is an a priori issue- we need to be able to have something to contest

Shively, 2k (Assistant Prof Political Science at Texas A&M, Ruth Lessl, Partisan Politics and Political Theory, p. 181-2)JFS

The requirements given .... agreement or harmony.

A.    Uniqueness – We are moving towards our necessary quota of lightnessAriana, Pleiadian Walk In and Channel and Communicator, Healer and Artist, 11

(Anakya, 5/2/2011, “Channelling, Human Ascension: Earth Changes and Evacuation of Earth” Ashtar Spiritual Forum, http://www.ashtarcommandcrew.net/profiles/blogs/instructions-for-accomplishing#ixzz1QVjan065, accessed: 6/24/11, SL)

Remember: it is ....hold the light....

B.     Link & Impact – The 1ac embraces negativity rather than lightness, makes evacuation impossible and guarantees our extinction

Skirvin, 6/17/2011

(Revered Joshua, “Best Kept Secrets #3” Ashtar Command Center Spiritual Blogs, http://www.ashtarcommandcrew.net/profiles/blogs/best-kept-secrets-3#ixzz1QXGL8Ogq, accessed: 6/27/11, SL)

Hello friends, let ....here it comes

Text: The United States federal government should engage in genuine, prior and binding, with Ashtar Galactic Command regarding the role of the ballot endorsing conspiracy theory as a mode of counter hegemonic discourse that constitutes a form of democratic engagement and assistance to the Middle Eastern nations besieged by cultural hegemons.

Competition –

Any permutation is severs the immediacy and certainty of the plan and the counterplan avoids the Ashtar DA net benefit.

Solvency –

Cooperation with Ashtar is key to solving all Impacts. Cooperation solves for the terminal impact of any solvency deficit and independently outweighs.

Vrillon of Ashtar Galactic Command, 77. Radio Transcript. Abovetopsecret.com. http://www.abovetopsecret.com/forum/thread416209/pg1

This is the .... of the cosmos.