Text: The European Union should provide substantial technical assistance for political organization in Egypt.
Ahram, “Muslim Brotherhood denounces US ambassador's visit to military council,” 8/18/11, http://english.ahram.org.eg/~/NewsContent/1/64/19187/Egypt/Politics-/Muslim-Brotherhood-denounces-US-ambassadors-visit-.aspx
The Muslim Brotherhood issued an … are built on mutual respect.
China bashing is coming via revaluation talk – congressional action inflames relations and guts the economy
Doug Palmer, Aug 11, 2011 “Wider trade gap could propel China currency bill,” Reuters, http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/08/11/us-china-usa-trade-idUSTRE77A5N220110811
Just before Congress adjourned for … is another matter," he said.
The plan costs political capital
Philip Stephens Associate Editor of the Financial Times May 19, 2011 “A choice of minefields for Obama” Financial Times, Lexis
The speeches - the latest on … we have been here before.
Political capital is key to blocking pushes for currency revaluation
Doug Palmer, Journalist, “Analysis: Obama's trade legacy in a crucible this fall,” Reuters, Sep 2, 2011, http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/09/02/us-usa-obama-trade-idUSTRE7814CZ20110902
Democrats like House Minority Leader … expend political capital to block it.
Chinese trade conflicts is the most likely scenario for military conflict.
Ben Landy, Director of Research and Strategy at the Atlantic Media Company, publisher of the Atlantic Monthly, National Journal, and Government Executive magazines, April 3, 2007, http://chinaredux.com/2007/04/03/protectionism-and-war/#comments,)
The greatest threat for the … budgets and anti-satellite tests.
[“No one gains in war over Taiwan,” June 25 2000, L/N]
THE high-intensity scenario postulates a … puts sovereignty above everything else.
A. Moody’s and Fitch will maintain the triple A rating in the status quo – but loss of fiscal discipline will trigger a downgrade
Bloomberg 8/2/11, “U.S. Credit Rating Affirmed as Moody’s, Fitch Warn of Downgrade on Deficit
Moody’s Investors Service and Fitch … fiscal discipline is maintained in 2012
B. The plan reverses foreign aid cuts that are key to fiscal discipline – everything must be on the chopping block
Huffington Post 4/13/11, “Budget Cuts In Deal Hit Defense Spending, Foreign Aid,”
Budget Cuts In Deal Hit … control and law enforcement programs.
C. We’re at the limit – … push us below a triple A rating
Miami Herald 8/16/11, “Fitch Ratings keeps US at AAA rating,” http://www.miamiherald.com/2011/08/16/2361415/fitch-ratings-keeps-us-at-top.html
Fitch noted the rising proportion … with a AAA rating, it said.
D. Further downgrades lead to a global economic crisis
Marc Goldwein, senior policy analyst for the fiscal policy program at the New America Foundation and former Associate Director of the National Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and Reform (also known as the Bowles-Simpson Commission), 8/11/11, “Drawing a AAA-Road Map for Post-Downgrade America,” The Atlantic, http://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2011/08/drawing-a-aaa-road-map-for-post-downgrade-america/243463/
... Okay, Panic a Little If … to bail out the U.S. government.
No ME credibility or influence.
Walt 11 [Stephen M. Walt is the Robert and Renée Belfer professor of international relations at Harvard University. Can the United States 'control' the Middle East? (Nope) Posted By Stephen M. Walt Wednesday, January 19, 2011 - 11:17 AM Share http://walt.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2011/01/19/can_the_us_control_the_middle_east_nope]
Shadid is obviously right, but … of our Middle East diplomacy.
Single issues not key – perceptions change slowly.
Gray, International Politics at Reading, 11 [COLIN S. GRAY is Professor of International Poli- tics and Strategic Studies at the University of Reading, England. He worked at the International Institute for Strategic Studies (London), and at Hudson Institute (Croton-on-Hudson, NY) before founding the Na- tional Institute for Public Policy, a defense-oriented think tank in the Washington, DC, area. Dr. Gray served for 5 years in the Reagan administration on the President’s General Advisory Committee on Arms SSI Monograph HARD POWER AND SOFT POWER: THE UTILITY OF MILITARY FORCE AS AN INSTRUMENT OF POLICY IN THE 21ST CENTURY Colin S. Gray April 2011]
The error lies in the … escape legacies from its past.
Heg sustainable - hard power trumps all.
Bremmer 10 [Ian, president of Eurasia Group and author of “The End of the Free Market” (Portfolio), published in May, China vs America: fight of the century22nd March 2010 — Issue 169, http://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/2010/03/china-vs-america-fight-of-the-century/]
It is also important for … India a great deal of money.
US engaging Brotherhood now
Reuters, “U.S.-Muslim Brotherhood Contacts To Resume,” 6/30/11, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/06/30/us-muslim-brotherhood-egypt_n_887918.html
"We believe, given the … we would like to see."
Engagement makes the Brotherhood more extreme
Daniel Byman, Professor in the Security Studies Program at Georgetown University and the Research Director of the Saban Center for Middle East Policy at Brookings, “Egypt 2012: What If the Muslim Brotherhood Comes to Power?,” February 4, 2011, http://www.brookings.edu/opinions/2011/0204_egypt_protests_byman.aspx
Social policy could be another … a way to appease its supporters.
Activists will boycott, crushes democracy and perception of democracy
Foreign Policy, “Will Egypt's Activists Boycott the Election?,” 9/6/11, http://mideast.foreignpolicy.com/blog/2202
But in some ways the … loss of the Tahrir gambit?
Democracy is a military facade
JEFF MARTINI is a Project Associate at the RAND Corporation. JULIE TAYLOR is a Political Scientist at the RAND Corporation. “Commanding Democracy in Egypt,” Foreign Affairs, Sep/Oct2011, Vol. 90, Issue 5
MANY OF the iconic images … brunt of any public displeasure.
Won’t control foreign policy
Shadi Hamid, Director of Research at Brooking’s Doha Center and was Director of Research at the Project on Middle East Democracy (POMED) and a Hewlett Fellow at Stanford University’s Center on Democracy, Development, and the Rule of Law, “Should We Fear the Muslim Brotherhood?” 2/2/11, http://www.brookings.edu/opinions/2011/0202_egypt_hamid.aspx
In the coming stage, though, … be running Egyptian foreign policy.
[Hussein Agha and Robert Malley The Arab Counterrevolution SEPTEMBER 29, 2011 http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2011/sep/29/arab-counterrevolution/?pagination=false]
The lesson seems clear: the … on literalist readings of scripture.
Byman, Security Studies – Georgetown, 11 [Daniel, a Professor in the Security Studies Program at Georgetown University and the Research Director of the Saban Center for Middle East Policy at Brookings. He is also the author of A High Price: The Triumphs and Failures of Israeli Counterterrorism, enter for Strategic and International Studies The Washington Quarterly • 34:3 pp. 123*136 Israel’s Pessimistic View of the Arab Spring, Summer, http://www.twq.com/11summer/docs/11summer_Byman.pdf]
To be clear, no Egyptian … simply states, ‘‘Israel is a fact.’’
The European Union should provide rule of law assistance to the National Transitional Council in Libya.
EU Solves Humanitarian Aid to Libya.
Wired Gov, 8/23 (What has the EU been doing to support the Libyan people?, http://www.wired-gov.net/wg/wg-news-1.nsf/lfi/DNWA-8KZF8Y)ZDM
The EU as a whole has … ) and Kristalina Georgieva (Humanitarian Aid).
China bashing is coming via revaluation talk – congressional action inflames relations and guts the economy
Doug Palmer, Aug 11, 2011 “Wider trade gap could propel China currency bill,” Reuters, http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/08/11/us-china-usa-trade-idUSTRE77A5N220110811
Just before Congress adjourned for … is another matter," he said.
The plan costs political capital
Philip Stephens Associate Editor of the Financial Times May 19, 2011 “A choice of minefields for Obama” Financial Times, Lexis
The speeches - the latest on … we have been here before.
Political capital is key to blocking pushes for currency revaluation
Doug Palmer, Journalist, “Analysis: Obama's trade legacy in a crucible this fall,” Reuters, Sep 2, 2011, http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/09/02/us-usa-obama-trade-idUSTRE7814CZ20110902
Democrats like House Minority Leader … expend political capital to block it.
Chinese trade conflicts is the most likely scenario for military conflict.
Ben Landy, Director of Research and Strategy at the Atlantic Media Company, publisher of the Atlantic Monthly, National Journal, and Government Executive magazines, April 3, 2007, http://chinaredux.com/2007/04/03/protectionism-and-war/#comments,)
The greatest threat for the … budgets and anti-satellite tests.
[“No one gains in war over Taiwan,” June 25 2000, L/N]
THE high-intensity scenario postulates a … puts sovereignty above everything else.
A. Moody’s and Fitch will maintain the triple A rating in the status quo – but loss of fiscal discipline will trigger a downgrade
Bloomberg 8/2/11, “U.S. Credit Rating Affirmed as Moody’s, Fitch Warn of Downgrade on Deficit
Moody’s Investors Service and Fitch … fiscal discipline is maintained in 2012
B. The plan reverses foreign aid cuts that are key to fiscal discipline – everything must be on the chopping block
Huffington Post 4/13/11, “Budget Cuts In Deal Hit Defense Spending, Foreign Aid,”
Budget Cuts In Deal Hit … control and law enforcement programs.
C. We’re at the limit – … push us below a triple A rating
Miami Herald 8/16/11, “Fitch Ratings keeps US at AAA rating,” http://www.miamiherald.com/2011/08/16/2361415/fitch-ratings-keeps-us-at-top.html
Fitch noted the rising proportion … with a AAA rating, it said.
D. Further downgrades lead to a global economic crisis
Marc Goldwein, senior policy analyst for the fiscal policy program at the New America Foundation and former Associate Director of the National Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and Reform (also known as the Bowles-Simpson Commission), 8/11/11, “Drawing a AAA-Road Map for Post-Downgrade America,” The Atlantic, http://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2011/08/drawing-a-aaa-road-map-for-post-downgrade-america/243463/
... Okay, Panic a Little If … to bail out the U.S. government.
E. Economic collapse causes global nuclear war.
Merlini, Senior Fellow – Brookings, 11
[Cesare Merlini, nonresident senior fellow at the Center on the United States and Europe and chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Italian Institute for International Affairs (IAI) in Rome. He served as IAI president from 1979 to 2001. Until 2009, he also occupied the position of executive vice chairman of the Council for the United States and Italy, which he co-founded in 1983. His areas of expertise include transatlantic relations, European integration and nuclear non-proliferation, with particular focus on nuclear science and technology. A Post-Secular World? DOI: 10.1080/00396338.2011.571015 Article Requests: Order Reprints : Request Permissions Published in: journal Survival, Volume 53, Issue 2 April 2011 , pages 117 - 130 Publication Frequency: 6 issues per year Download PDF Download PDF (~357 KB) View Related Articles To cite this Article: Merlini, Cesare 'A Post-Secular World?', Survival, 53:2, 117 – 130]
Two neatly opposed scenarios for … absolutes such as unbridled nationalism.
Libya stabilizing now – religiously uniform.
The Economist 9-10-2011 So far, so pretty good http://www.economist.com/node/21528654
Tensions persist between regions, between … Arab neighbours after their revolutions.
Aff can’t solve alt causes to instability – failure to capture Qaddafi, looting, tribal friction.
3. Western aid ineffective – Libya cultures.
Christopher R Hill is now Dean of the Korbel School of International Studies, University of Denver 8-28-2011 Beyond NATO's Libyan redemption http://english.aljazeera.net/indepth/opinion/2011/08/20118288125665976.html
Governance, institution building, security, and … enemy of change in Libya.
Success in Libya does not create a new template for US hegemony.
Daniel W. Drezner 8-25-2011 - 1:48 PM Why Libya is not a template for future military statecraft
http://drezner.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2011/08/25/why_libya_is_not_a_template_for_military_statecraft
"There are two principles … time. Policymakers should know better.
Turn – NTC’s legitimacy depends upon distancing itself from the US.
Phyllis Bennis Phyllis Bennis is a Fellow of the Institute for Policy Studies and the Transnational Institute in Amsterdam.
8-24-2011 Libya: Too soon to declare victory
http://english.aljazeera.net/indepth/opinion/2011/08/2011823123039439122.html
Legitimacy contested But the legitimacy … how it can be both.
Mearsheimer, IR – UChicago, 10 [John J. Mearsheimer is the R. Wendell Harrison Distinguished Service Professor of Political Science at the University of Chicago. He is on the Advisory Council of The National Interest, and his most recent book, Why Leaders Lie: The Truth About Lying in International Politics, was published in January 2011 by Oxford University Press. Imperial by Design December 16, 2010 http://nationalinterest.org/article/imperial-by-design-4576]
This assessment of America’s terrorism … severe allergic reactions to peanuts.”
Webster’s 10 … of it, used without a following noun
Possession indicates control
Chanco 11 … narcotic or by constructive possession.
Once the funding goes to the EU it is beyond US control. With US democracy assistance, control is maintained even when NGOs are used
Carothers ’09 Thomas Carothers, vice … , mission-based democracy aid groups).
C. the aff interpretation is bad for debate
Limits are necessary for negative preparation and clash. We could never be ready for the huge number of international and other organizations that could be specified.
2. … Independently – specification is extra-topical
This is just like the affirmative specifying funding or other normal means parts of the plan, and claiming advantages off the specification.
The United States federal government should increase coordination with the European Union on its existing democracy assistance. The United States federal government should coordinate existing non-proliferation efforts with the European Union. The United States federal government should include the European Union in its efforts to engage Israel and Palestine in peace process negotiations.
China bashing is coming via revaluation talk – congressional action inflames relations and guts the economy
Doug Palmer, Aug 11, 2011 “Wider trade gap could propel China currency bill,” Reuters, http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/08/11/us-china-usa-trade-idUSTRE77A5N220110811
Just before Congress adjourned for … is another matter," he said.
The plan costs political capital
Philip Stephens Associate Editor of the Financial Times May 19, 2011 “A choice of minefields for Obama” Financial Times, Lexis
The speeches - the latest on … we have been here before.
Political capital is key to blocking pushes for currency revaluation
Doug Palmer, Journalist, “Analysis: Obama's trade legacy in a crucible this fall,” Reuters, Sep 2, 2011, http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/09/02/us-usa-obama-trade-idUSTRE7814CZ20110902
Democrats like House Minority Leader … expend political capital to block it.
Chinese trade conflicts is the most likely scenario for military conflict.
Ben Landy, Director of Research and Strategy at the Atlantic Media Company, publisher of the Atlantic Monthly, National Journal, and Government Executive magazines, April 3, 2007, http://chinaredux.com/2007/04/03/protectionism-and-war/#comments,)
The greatest threat for the … budgets and anti-satellite tests.
[“No one gains in war over Taiwan,” June 25 2000, L/N]
THE high-intensity scenario postulates a … puts sovereignty above everything else.
A. Moody’s and Fitch will maintain the triple A rating in the status quo – but loss of fiscal discipline will trigger a downgrade
Bloomberg 8/2/11, “U.S. Credit Rating Affirmed as Moody’s, Fitch Warn of Downgrade on Deficit
Moody’s Investors Service and Fitch … fiscal discipline is maintained in 2012
B. The plan reverses foreign aid cuts that are key to fiscal discipline – everything must be on the chopping block
Huffington Post 4/13/11, “Budget Cuts In Deal Hit Defense Spending, Foreign Aid,”
Budget Cuts In Deal Hit … control and law enforcement programs.
C. We’re at the limit – … push us below a triple A rating
Miami Herald 8/16/11, “Fitch Ratings keeps US at AAA rating,” http://www.miamiherald.com/2011/08/16/2361415/fitch-ratings-keeps-us-at-top.html
Fitch noted the rising proportion … with a AAA rating, it said.
D. Further downgrades lead to a global economic crisis
Marc Goldwein, senior policy analyst for the fiscal policy program at the New America Foundation and former Associate Director of the National Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and Reform (also known as the Bowles-Simpson Commission), 8/11/11, “Drawing a AAA-Road Map for Post-Downgrade America,” The Atlantic, http://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2011/08/drawing-a-aaa-road-map-for-post-downgrade-america/243463/
... Okay, Panic a Little If … to bail out the U.S. government.
E. Economic collapse causes global nuclear war.
Merlini, Senior Fellow – Brookings, 11
[Cesare Merlini, nonresident senior fellow at the Center on the United States and Europe and chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Italian Institute for International Affairs (IAI) in Rome. He served as IAI president from 1979 to 2001. Until 2009, he also occupied the position of executive vice chairman of the Council for the United States and Italy, which he co-founded in 1983. His areas of expertise include transatlantic relations, European integration and nuclear non-proliferation, with particular focus on nuclear science and technology. A Post-Secular World? DOI: 10.1080/00396338.2011.571015 Article Requests: Order Reprints : Request Permissions Published in: journal Survival, Volume 53, Issue 2 April 2011 , pages 117 - 130 Publication Frequency: 6 issues per year Download PDF Download PDF (~357 KB) View Related Articles To cite this Article: Merlini, Cesare 'A Post-Secular World?', Survival, 53:2, 117 – 130]
Two neatly opposed scenarios for … absolutes such as unbridled nationalism.
Zammit. IR – Sheffield, 11 [George Vital Zammit University of Sheffield http://euce.org/eusa/2011/papers/6f_zammit.pdf A DWARF OR A GIANT? Framing the European People’s Party international relations perspective and the transatlantic backdrop g.v.zammit@sheffield.ac.uk Paper presented at EUSA Conference Boston, 4 th March 2011 Panel 6F Euro-parties: Deepening versus Widening?]
Key issues Amidst the commitment … perspective in the following section.
Proliferation will be slow and non-threatening – their predictions have no empirical validity.
Mueller, Chair of National Secuirty … Hiroshima To Al-Qaeda, p. xii-xiii)
The second part of the … detonations in all of history.
Peace process fails -three reasons.
Miller 10 [Aaron David, served as an advisor on the Middle East to Republican and Democratic secretaries of state. He is currently a public policy scholar at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars and the author of The Much Too Promised Land: America's Elusive Search for Arab-Israeli Peace, The False Religion of Mideast Peace, APRIL 19, 2010, MAY/JUNE 2010
http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2010/04/19/the_false_religion_of_mideast_peace?page=full]
Looking ahead, that process looks … 1967 lines seems even more fantastical.
Tunisia wont be a model for democracy- its too different
(Warren P. Gunderman, Senior Defense Official and Defense Attaché in Tunisia from July 2007-June 2010, Feb 2011, Is Tunisia Tipping?)
Is this the possible next … region of the coming years.
Arab Democracy inevitable
(As’ad Ghanem, Professor School of Political Science, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel, 7-12-11, Forum on the 2011 “Arab Spring”
The Tragedy of Contradictions: The Spring of the Arab Peoples and the Inevitable Democracy)
The only clear conclusion is … to all existing Arab states.
No escalation from failed states.
Patrick 11 [Stewart, The Brutal Truth Failed states are mainly a threat to their own inhabitants. We should help them anyway. BY STEWART PATRICK | JULY/AUGUST 2011 http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/06/20/the_brutal_truth?page=full]
For analysts wondering where the … often stays in failed states.
Human diversity, medicine and evolutionary limits check disease.
Gladwell 95 [Malcolm, New York bureau chief of The Washington Post, New Republic, July 17]
This is what is wrong … are facing "the coming outbreaks."
Democracies aren’t peaceful.
Tanne 2 [Binnur Ozkececi, Ph.D. in Political Science @ Syracuse, Alternatives: Turkish Journal of International Relations, Vol. 1, No. 3, http://www.alternativesjournal.com/binnur.pdf]
Although “democratic peace” theory seems … constraints on the authoritarian leaders.31
Our interpretation is that an endpoint of your advocacy must be an instance of increasing democracy assistance for one or more of the following: Bahrain, Egypt, Libya, Syria, Tunisia, or Yemen.
B. They don’t advocate a topical plan
1. Not federal government. Federal government is the government in Washington
Dictionary of Government and Politics '98 … PHCollins ed NOTE ( ) in original
the federal government (based in … ) and a judiciary (the Supreme Court).
2. Not increase or expand. These are action verbs
Random House Dictionary, 2010
Increase verb (… extent, size, volume, scope, etc.:
Democracy assistance … must involve transter of resources
Burnell 2K Peter Burnell, prof … politics, Univ of Warwick UK 2000
Democracy Assistance: international cooperation for democratization, Peter Burnell ed p 5
When defining democracy assistance there … can involve somewhat arbitrary judgments.
If the affirmative is not tied to a plan and its effects, then there is no limit on their potential advocacy. The negative could never be prepared to debate all the possibilities, and good debate becomes impossible.
Ruth Lessl Shively, Assistant Prof Political Science – Texas A&M U., 2000
[Partisan Politics and Political Theory, p. 181-2]
The requirements given thus far … some basic agreement or harmony.
The deliberative debate model best represents the interests of the marginalized –without the framework of debate, hierarchical dominance and exclusion are more likely
Mari Boor Tonn, Associate Professor of Communication at the University of Maryland, 2005
(“Taking Conversation, Dialogue, and Therapy Public” Rhetoric & Public Affairs Vol. 8, No. 3)
This widespread recognition that access … and lifeblood of democracy itself.
Abandoning deliberative debate results in the tyranny of structurelessness which inevitably annihilates of the marginalized other
Mari Boor Tonn, Associate Professor of Communication at the University of Maryland, 2005
(“Taking Conversation, Dialogue, and Therapy Public” Rhetoric & Public Affairs Vol. 8, No. 3)
In certain ways, Schudson’s initial … failures subject to personal amelioration.”19
Focus on identity politics fails and fragments political movements- it distracts from the true class divisions that are the underlying determinants of value, destroying struggle
Wexler, prof @ California State Northride, 08
Steven Wexler prof. English at Cal State Northride. 2008. “(I’m) Material Labor in the Digital Age” http://cust.educ.ubc.ca/workplace/issue15/html/wexler.html
As I argued at 2007’s MLA, … the principal source of value.
A postmodern focus on identity politics detracts from class struggle, destroying resistance
Jones 7-professor at the Stanford Department of English (Gavin, “The Problem of Poverty in Literary Criticism,” Princeton University Press 2007, http://press.princeton.edu/chapters/i8511.pdf)
Rowe makes a convincing case for … the suffering of economic deprivation.30
The aff’s attempts to reformulate politics aren’t radical enough- they are limited by failure to examine the underlying structural flaws of society- namely, capitalism
(Slavoj Zizek, The Ticklish Subject pp 343-44)
The big news of today's … that effectively runs his life.
Capitalism entrenches the logic of technical rationalism, turning everything into an object to be managed according to its value and potential to create profit- this has justified the worst genocides and atrocities in history by justifying the worst kind of biopolitics
Internationalist Perspective 2K
(Internationalist Perspective #36, spring 2000, … production of commodities, but their
[Internationalist Perspective continues, unbroken]
circulation and consumption. Moreover, the … capitalist rule, while at the
[Internationalist Perspective continues, unbroken]
same time making it possible … quest for a "pure community", based
[Internationalist Perspective continues, unbroken]
on hatred and rage directed … frequent recourse to mass murder.
The alternative is to reject rescue missions for capital- only through individual withdrawal can we gut the system of its power
Herod, Columbia graduate and political activist, 07
(James Herod, “Getting Free: Creating an Association of Democratic Autonomous Neighborhoods,” Boston, 2007, http://www.jamesherod.info/?sec=book&id=1)
It is time to try … is needed. This strategy does
[Herod continues, unbroken]
not call for reforming capitalism, … the way we should approach it.
We must reject capitalism in its entirety-reformism from within the system fails
Meszaros 8-(Istvan, “The Challenge and Burden of Historical Time: socialism in the twenty-first century,” Monthly Review Press 2008, pg 45)
Inevitably, therefore, in order to … imperatives in those practical premises.
Capitalism is uniquely dehumanizing- it turns people into objects in the name of profit. We become what we produce, entirely subservient to machines, and human complexities are simplified and denied, destroying value to life.
Meszaros 8-(Istvan, “The Challenge and Burden of Historical Time: socialism in the twenty-first century,” Monthly Review Press 2008, pg 46-47)
One of the most degrading … only admissible practical value-relation.
The notion of binary gender- as women of distinct from men- denies the multiplicity of other gender identities in existence and implicitly equates social gender with physical gender, recreating classic prejudices
Butler 90, professor of rhetoric and comparative literature at Berkeley -(Judith, “Gender Troubles, Routledge)
If gender is the cultural … as easily as a female one.
The idea of a fundamental kind of oppression is flawed and totalizing and buys back into the logic of sexism– there is no one root cause of oppression but instead complex intersectionalities
Butler 90, professor of rhetoric and comparative literature at Berkeley -(Judith, “Gender Troubles, Routledge)
Feminist critique ought to explore … and rationalizing the masculinist domain.
