The meaning of democracy assistance, and more precisely, what type of democracy we are trying
to assist is the central question of this debate. Democracy assistance can have many meaningsbut
the question is which is to be master- the true meaning of the term. Much like Humpty
Dumpty, the driving force behind conventional use of the term is broken- and all of the King’s
horses, the IMF’s men, and George Will’s ugly bow tie cannot put it together again.

The Egyptian revolution is the catalyst which can bring down neoliberalism- the Event has
created new options to challenge the neoconservative ideological order
Weiss 11 (Phillip, foreign policy journalist, 2/15, Elite flavor of Egyptian revolution allows it to
cross our borders, http://mondoweiss.net/2011/02/elite-flavor-of-egyptian-revolution-allows-itto-
cross-our-borders.html)
The Egyptian revolutionaries talk about ... report, the Mavi Marmara attack .

When we reflexively think of democracy assistance, we assume it would be the American left
challenging neo-conservative and/or realist stances supporting authoritarianism for oil, free trade
agreements ect. The problem with this assumption is that it doesn’t accurately depict reality- the
left is dead. The first and only action we can take is to listen to the voices of the true democrats
in Egypt.
Salaita 11 (Steven, English prof @ Virginia Tech and prolific author on books relating to the
MENA region, 2/20, What if the Egyptian Protesters were Democrats?,
http://www.jadaliyya.com/pages/index/687/what-if-the-egyptian-protesters-weredemocrats)
In the past month, ... following their example, instead.

Why not just do something else? Fund a different party? The problem is the term “democracy
assistance” itself- it projects as a benign expression, but it’s a weapon for transnational capital
penetration.
Gerald Sussman, 2007. The Myths of ‘Democracy Assistance’: U.S. Political Intervention in
Post-Soviet Eastern Europe. Monthly Review. (Phd Portland State University)
Beyond the broad geopolitical ... their favorite place of lodging.

Doublespeak transcends the assistance to the type of political system itself- in Humpty’s terms,
we say “democracy” but what we really mean is “neoliberalism.”
Edward Girdner, 05. “The Greater Middle East Initiative: Regime Change, Neoliberalism and
US Global Hegemony.” Presented at the First International Conference, “America in the Middle
East, the Middle East in America.” American University of Beirut.
And "democracy" is the only ... goes along with the
program.

Until the current political system is shattered, the US would never tolerate a democracy- it’s not
the same as flipping a switch. Without an Event of our own, democracy assistance, no matter
how benign it appears, can only serve the master.
Edward Girdner, 05. (“The Greater Middle East Initiative: Regime Change, Neoliberalism and
US Global Hegemony.” Presented at the First International Conference, “America in the Middle
East, the Middle East in America.” American University of Beirut.)
That the US would tolerate a ... fear more than genuine democracy.

Underlying the justifications for neoliberalism is the idea that we need to ‘save the savages.’
Obviously, the Egyptians are too incompetent or barbaric for self government, hence the
historical support for Mubarak and renewed interest in checking Islamist or leftist parties. These
actions are part of a historic trajectory in which the West destroys the periphery to save it- rereading
the resolution is necessary to avoid infinitely repeating massacres.
Boaventura de Santos, Prof at Univ of Coimbra, April 2003, “Collective Suicide?”, Bad
Subjects, Issue # 63
According to Franz Hinkelammert, the West ... world's poorest countries
for four years.

Thus- Egypt should provide democracy assistance to the United States Federal Government.

We read the resolution backwards to expose the underlying assumption that the US version of
‘democracy’ is a synonym and substitute for “neoliberalism.”

The concept that the Middle East could provide democracy assistance to the United States, at
first glance, sounds preposterous and shocking- which is precisely our point. We make an
analogy to Alice in Through the Looking Glass-
From Tim Sarrantonio in 2008- (Cracking the looking-glass: Perception, precarity, and
everyday resistance)
“Then she began looking about, and noticed that what could be seen from the old room was
quite common and uninteresting, but that all the rest was as different as possible.”
—Lewis Carroll
Through The Looking-Glass And What Alice Found There (1871)
Let us assume, for a moment, ... and full of creative expression.

In order to win the round, the negative has to shatter our lens; that is, they have to
invalidate our political metaphor. If we win our interpretation of the resolution, that it’s
best read backwards, you should vote affirmative.

Events have double structures- in order to establish a genuine form of politics, it is necessary to
recognize the internal contradiction within the resolution. Like Alice when she becomes larger
and yet is smaller than before, being pulled in two directions between the flow of democracy
from Egypt to the United States and the conventional reading is key to understanding the
dynamics in play
Bell 1995 Jeffrey A., Philosophizing the Double-Bind: Deleuze Reads Nietzsche , Philosophy
Today, 39:4 (1995:Winter) p.371
The “event” thus has, as ... moment which will forever "elude the present."

Reading neoliberalism as the other side of the mirror short circuits our understanding, revealing a
disturbing side to the resolution. Resolving the dominance of neoliberalism by reading in a
“minor” marginalized text into the ‘mainstream’ interpretation is the necessary first step to
engaging is genuine democracy assistance
Zizek 2003 [Slavoj, series introduction to The Shortest Shadow: Nietzsche’s Philosophy of the
Two]
A short circuit occurs when ... he or she knew all the time.

Seeing the resolution through the looking glass is the only true affirmation. Neoliberalism
negates the basic conditions for critical agency, which is necessary for democratic politics to
occur. Without our disruption, this debate becomes another blackhole of commercialized space,
where we read politics uniqueness dumps and feel proud that we discussed politics. We think the
resolution is too important, to Egypt and the United States, to overlook how politics begin.
Political subversion, change, presupposes cognitive subversion- as debaters who are the children
of Empire, we need to shrink to grow in our understanding of this relationship to pursue
democracy
HENRY A. GIROUX, 2004 “Public Pedagogy and the Politics of Neo-liberalism:
making the political more pedagogical” Policy Futures in Education, Volume 2, Numbers 3 & 4,
2004 Professor, McMaster University)
Under neo-liberalism , the dominant ... the possibility of democracy itself.

Observation One is Inherency

EGYPT KEY TO MIDDLE EAST BUT THE US LACKS A STRATEGY

Satoff 11 (Robert, July 2 Egypt, U.S. Strategy, and Engaging the Muslim Brotherhood.  Islam Daily Executive Director, Washington Institute, http://www.islamdaily.org/en/world-issues/middle-east/9852.article.htm)

Secretary of State Clinton ,,,speed and urgency of events elsewhere.

Observation Two is the Advantages

Advantage One is Leadership

EGYPT IS THE TEST FOR U.S. LEADERSHIP

Sun Sentinel 11 (Feb 15, “Egypt Opens Opportunity for Softpower”

http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/2011-02-15/news/fl-egypt-soft-power-obama-editorial-a20110215_1_soft-power-egyptian-people-egyptian-revolution)

The euphoric moment is passing, … an Obama doctrine of soft power.

ALT CAUSALITIES DON’T MATTER- EGYPT CONTROLS THE DIRECTION OF THE ARAB SPRING

Kagan and Dunne 11 (Robert and Michele, March 6.  “The United States must aid the Egyptian transition to democracy”  Washington Post. Kagan is the director of the Foreign Policy Initiative)

With the horrific carnage in Libya… will live or die in Egypt.

US REGIONAL LEADERSHIP CHECKS NUCLEAR WAR- MULTIPLE SCENARIOS

Kagan 7  (Senior Associate at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Robert “End of Dreams, Return of History” Policy Review (http://www.hoover.org/publications/policyreview/8552512.html#n10)

Finally, there is the …global involvement will provide an easier path.

EVERY ALTERNATIVE IS WORSE- DECLINE LEADS TO NUCLEAR WAR AND DISEASE

Ferguson 4 (Niall, Professor, History, School of Business, New York University and Senior Fellow, Hoover Institution, Stanford University, September-October “A World Without Power” – Foreign Policy  http://www.hoover.org/publications/digest/3009996.html)

So what is left? Waning ,,,not-so-new world disorder.

IT’S TRY OR DIE AFF – WE MUST SUSTAIN HEG AS LONG AS POSSIBLE

Thayer 7 (Bradley A., Associate Professor in the Department of Defense and Strategic Studies at Missouri State University, “American Empire: A Debate,” Routledge publishing, pg.  105)

In contrast to Layne's argument, … work to preserve it as long as possible.

Advantage Two is the Muslim Brotherhood

ELECTIONS ARE BRUTAL AND DISORGANIZED NOW

AP 11 (Sept 28, “US Presses Egypt to Mend Ties”  http://www.foxnews.com/world/2011/09/28/us-presses-egypt-to-mend-ties-with-israel/?test=latestnews)

But with Egyptian elections … that is still largely in revolt.

FAILING TO ENGAGE THE MUSLIM BROTHERHOOD CREATES SELF-FUFILLING PROPHECY- THAT LEADS TO WAR

Guseynov 11 (Enver, July 10, Muslim Brotherhood, Israel and US Intervention in Egypt.  Middle East Affairs.  http://enver-guseynov.suite101.com/muslim-brotherhood-israel-and-us-intervention-in-egypt-a378984#ixzz1VVTJXVDL)

One also has to wonder … insecurity in the Middle East.

IF WE DON’T  COMPEL MODERATION, WARS WILL GO NUCLEAR

Sokolski 11 (Henry, February 8,  “Gimme Fuel, Gimme Fire” The New Republic.

http://www.tnr.com/article/82995/nuclear-weapons-middle-east-obama-mubarak?page=0,1)

Even more dangerously, unlike … for securing U.S. nuclear cooperation.

REGIONAL WAR ESCALATES

Primakov 9 (E.M. , academician of the Russian Academy of Science and former Russian Prime Minister, Scientific Session of the General Meeting of the Russian Academy of Sciences, http://www.springerlink.com/content/5472021trx076374/fulltext.pdf)

After the end of … consequences for the whole world.

ENGAGING BROTHERHOOD CHECKS AL QAEDA – THAT SOLVES TERRORISM

Mudd 11 (Philip, Feb 21, Why the U.S. Should Engage the Muslim Brotherhood

 (joined the CIA in 1985 as an analyst and rose to become Deputy Director of the Counterterrorist Center).   http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2011/02/why-the-us-should-engage-the-muslim-brotherhood/71434/

The rise of Muslim Brotherhood … of an Islam without nationalism.

TERRORIST ATTACKS WILL DRAW IN MAJOR POWERS, LEADING TO NUCLEAR WAR

Ayson 10 (Robert, Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington, “After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects,” Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, Volume 33, Issue 7, July)

A terrorist nuclear attack, and …chances of nuclear restraint.

AND EVEN LIMITED TERRORISM IS BAD – A SUEZ CANAL ATTACK WILL CRIPPLE OIL

UPI 11 (10/6, Middle Turmoil Threatens Oil Routes, http://www.upi.com/Business_News/Energy-Resources/2011/10/06/Mideast-turmoil-boosts-oil-routes-threat/UPI-16291317915454/)

In any further upheaval, …for future attacks," INSS said.

THAT WOULD COLLAPSE THE GLOBAL ECONOMY AND TRIGGER REGIONAL WAR
Sydney Morning Herald 11 (10/12, Egyptian Violence Has Global Implications” http://www.smh.com.au/opinion/blogs/the-bishops-gambit/egyptian-violence-has-global-implications-20111012-1ljr2.html)

First, an estimated 8 per cent …potentially the worst possible time.

ECONOMIC CONTRACTION WOULD CAUSE FAMINE AND GLOBAL WMD WARFARE
 Nyquist 5 (JR, renowned expert in geopolitics and international relations, WorldNetDaily contributing editor, “The Political Consequences of a Financial Crash”, 2/4, http://www.financialsense.com/stormwatch/geo/pastanalysis/2005/0204.html)

Should the United States … overwhelm the global market and trading system that evolved under American leadership, the planet’s economy would contract and untold millions would die of starvation. Nationalistic totalitarianism, fueled by a politics of blame, would once again bring war to Asia and Europe. But this time the war would be waged with mass destruction weapons and the United States would be blamed because it is the center of global capitalism. Furthermore, if the anti-capitalist party gains power in Washington, we can expect to see policies of appeasement and unilateral disarmament enacted.  American appeasement and disarmament, in this context, would be an admission of guilt before the court of world opinion. Russia and China, above all, would exploit this admission to justify aggressive wars, invasions and mass destruction attacks. A future financial crash, therefore, must be prevented at all costs.

Thus the Plan:  The United States federal government should substantially increase its technical support for all political parties in Egypt.

Observation Three is Solvency

ASSISTANCE SOLVES- US HAS POLICY LEVERS TO PROTECT INTERESTS

Foulon 11 (Ben, June 15, “For Egypt, the End of the Beginning”  http://afpprinceton.com/2011/06/for-egypt-the-end-of-the-beginning/)

Even with a schedule in place, … interests may still be upheld.

TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FIXES OUR PR PROBLEM- BOOSTS REGIONAL CRED

Hamid 11 (Shadi, April 26,  “The Struggle for Middle East Democracy” http://www.brookings.edu/articles/2011/0426_middle_east_hamid.aspx)

The revolutions are far from … democratic aspirations. This has not happened.

APOLITICAL SUPPORT SOLVES TAMPERING ALLEGATIONS- PLAN'S BEST OPTION

Foulon 11 (Ben, June 15, “For Egypt, the End of the Beginning”  http://afpprinceton.com/2011/06/for-egypt-the-end-of-the-beginning/)

That being said, the … is to simply aid Egypt in its transitional period.

SPECIFICALLY- ENGAGING BROTHERHOOD FORCES THEM TO BE ACCOUNTABLE- LEADS TO ECONOMIC REFORM AND MORE CENTRIST POLICIES

Byman 11 (Daniel, February 4, professor in the security studies program at Georgetown University and the research director of the Saban Center at the Brookings Institution.  Egypt 2012: What If the Muslim Brotherhood Comes to Power? 

http://blogs.wsj.com/ideas-market/2011/02/04/egypt-2012-what-if-the-muslim-brotherhood-comes-to-power/)

To encourage future moderation, …influence might look like.

Aff: Capital NN

Round # 4  Tournament: Shirley

vs: Vanderbilt NP

Judge:Bruce Najor

Plan Text

USFG should substantially increase its technical support for poitical parties in Egypt, including the freedom and justice party.

1ac Advantages

Leadership: Kagan, Thayer

Muslim Brotherhood:

Jordan

Strikes

Terrorism (muslim bros give terrorist weapons)

Econ collapse

GPW

2ac Offense

Kick heg

Muslim brotherhood:

Jordan strikes

Suez strikes

terrorism

1ar Strategy

2ar Strategy

Muslim brotherhood impacts

Isolated from heg bad

Contention One is Inherency

Libya needs U.S. assistance to form a stable and transparent government

NYT 10/21 (New York Times, “U.S. must have role in shaping new Libya”, 2011, http://www.statesman.com/opinion/u-s-must-have-role-in-shaping-new-1927837.html?viewAsSinglePage=true)

Jibril has said that with and peaceful democracy.

Contention Two is the Advantages

Advantage 1 is Civil War

The risk of another civil war is high now

Vatutin 11 (Alexander, Voice of Russia Correspondent, Libya on the verge of chaos and civil war - experts ,http://english.ruvr.ru/2011/12/12/62092662.html)

Warnings from many experts …that it could break up into parts.

Governance and transparency solves Libyan factionalism

Dobbins and Wehrey 11 (James, former U.S. Assistant Secretary of State, is director of the International Security and Defense Policy Center at the RAND Corporation and Frederic, senior policy analyst at RAND, 8/23, “Libyan Nation-Building After Qaddafi”, http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/68227/james-dobbins-and-frederic-wehrey/libyan-nation-building-after-qaddafi?page=show)

With the fall of the Libyan …nevertheless be long and rocky.

Further instability will cause a global war – Russia and China get drawn in

Lendman 11 (Stephen, Harvard BA and Wharton MBA, 7/6, “Libya - Flashpoint For World Conflict”, http://www.rense.com/general94/libya.htm)

Scott told Progressive Radio News … seemed in early 1914.

Advantage 2 is China

The civil war collapsed Libya’s oil production – creating a stable NTC is key to revitalizing the industry

Fahey and Kahn 11 (Jonathon and Chris, AP, 10/22, Gadhafi's death helps clear way for Libyan oil exports, http://www.chinapost.com.tw/business/africa/2011/10/22/320596/Gadhafis-death.htm)

The oil market's reaction to … oil-field engineers will be safe.

A functional NTC is key to Libya’s oil trade with China – but current instability makes collaboration unlikely

Xinyu 11 (Mei, 11/2, p.9, China-Libya ties still vital, http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/opinion/2011-11/02/content_14020093.htm)

Now, the Libyan people … in the political situation.

Lack of access to Libyan sweet crude will encourage China to hoard oil from other sources – that causes high prices and competition with the U.S.

Pierson 11 (David, Libyan strife exposes China's risks in global quest for oil, http://articles.latimes.com/print/2011/mar/09/business/la-fi-china-oil-20110310)

But China's primary interest …more carefully, experts said.

U.S.-China competition over oil will lead to protectionism and war

Ridley 5 (Bill, news editor and energy policy analyst, Feb 9, China and the Final War for Resources, http://www.321energy.com/editorials/winston/winston020905.html)

There is no question that …world’s resources, particularly oil.

War with China will escalate to World War Three and end in less than a day

Farrell 11 (Paul B., J.D., phD in psych, economics specialist, 2/8, Secret China war plan: trillions in U.S. debt, http://www.marketwatch.com/story/secret-china-war-plan-trillions-in-us-debt-2011-02-08?pagenumber=2)

“Taiwan’s air force is grounded … … warfare will define human life.”

 Perceived resource competition will cause China to dump the dollar – the U.S. will respond with violence

Slavo 11 (Mac, business and investment expert, 1/20, Plans to Save the Doomed U.S. Dollar, http://www.marketoracle.co.uk/Article25737.html)

China is officially the United States’ …response plans if and when it does.

Dollar dumping will collapse the economy within minutes
 The Australian 5 (Aug 29 “Dumping of dollar could trigger economic September 11” lexis)

There is a potentially fatal flaw … dwarf the Great Depression of the 1930s."

Advantage 3 is Leadership

A lack of hands-on involvement in Libya results in waning U.S. credibility

Hamid 11 (Shadi, director of research at the Brookings Doha Center and a fellow at the Saban Center for Middle East Policy at the Brookings Institution, 10/1, “What Obama and American Liberals Don’t Understand About the Arab Spring”, http://www.tnr.com/article/environment-energy/95538/arab-spring-obama-realism-democracy-neoconservatives-mubarak?page=0,1)

The reasons for the Obama …since they’re the ones who need to do it.”

Libya is the key internal link to solving the perception of U.S. weakness

Ghitis 11 (Frida, independent commentator on world affairs and a World Politics Review contributing editor, 8/25, “World Citizen: Libya Emerges as Major Test of Western, U.S. Influence”, http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:ckDLwiX-isgJ:www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/9882/world-citizen-libya-emerges-as-major-test-of-western-u-s-influence+World+Citizen:+Libya+Emerges+as+Major+Test+of+Western,+U.S.+Influence&cd=2&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us&client=firefox-a&source=www.google.com)

The future of Libya was …democracy, not to mention friendly to the West.

Obama’s lack of hands-on assistance risks the empowerment of tyrants and rogue nations.  Action is Libya is critical to avoid this

Hulett and Henke 11 (Sue, Richard P. and Sophia D. Distinguished Professor of Political Science and chair of the Political Science Department at Knox College, 9/3, “Sue Hulett: Has Obama abandoned global leadership?”, http://www.galesburg.com/newsnow/x1638741805/Sue-Hulett-Has-Obama-abandoned-global-leadership)

We also know a bit more …promoting democracy and liberty.  

Maintaining U.S. leadership is vital to avoid conflict, human rights abuse, and other impacts

Barnett 11 (Thomas P.M., Former Senior Strategic Researcher and Professor in the Warfare Analysis & Research Department, Center for Naval Warfare Studies, U.S. Naval War College American military geostrategist and Chief Analyst at Wikistrat., worked as the Assistant for Strategic Futures in the Office of Force Transformation in the Department of Defense, “The New Rules: Leadership Fatigue Puts U.S., and Globalization, at Crossroads,” March 7 http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/8099/the-new-rules-leadership-fatigue-puts-u-s-and-globalization-at-crossroads)

Events in Libya are a …the Pacific Century now unfolding.

A lack of U.S. leadership will encourage Russian and Chinese resurgence

Grygiel 11 (Jakub, Senior Fellow at the Center for European Policy Analysis and the George H.W. Bush Associate Professor of International Relations at Johns Hopkins-SAIS, October 3 , “Great Powers and Democracy Promotion”, http://www.cepa.org/ced/view.aspx?record_id=319)

Alas, reality is different. Democratization …consequences of their actions.

Russia and China will take the opportunity to expand their spheres

Puddington 11 (Arch, researcher at Freedom House, responsible for preparation of Freedom in the World reports, September 2011, “Democracy’s Stake in the Arab Spring,” Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs, Vol. 5, No. 3, http://israelcfr.com/documents/5-3/5-3-3-ArchPuddington.pdf)

To be effective, this effort …the cause of freedom everywhere else.

Aggressive Russian resurgence guarantees global war

Blank 9  (Dr. Stephen Blank , Research Professor of National Security Affairs at the Strategic Studies Institute of the U.S. Army War College, March 2009, “Russia And Arms Control: Are There Opportunities For The Obama Administration?,” online: http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/pub908.pdf)

Proliferators or nuclear states … neighbors or their own people.

Chinese expansion will cause power wars

Walton 7 (C. Dale, Lecturer in International Relations and Strategic Studies at the University of Reading, “Geopolitics and the Great Powers in the Twenty-first Century: Multipolarity and the revolution in strategic perspective”, Geopolitical Theory Series, p. 49)

Obviously, it is of vital …great power alliances.

Now is a critical time to take the reins – Obama is independently key

May 11 (Donald R, BS, with High Honors and Distinction in Microbiology, in 1968 from the University of Illinois, Champaign, and his MD from the University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, was an intern at the Northwestern University Memorial Hospitals in Chicago, was a Major in the United States Air Force and was on active duty at the Wilford Hall USAF Medical Center, San Antonio, received the Air Force Commendation Medal,  has been on the faculties of the University of Illinois, the University of Texas, the University of California, Tulane University, and Texas Tech  and taught MBA students, “We Need to Help Libya Now”, 10/21, http://lubbockonline.com/interact/blog-post/may/2011-10-21/we-need-help-libya-now#.TqY_pLJcCnc)

The death of Moammar Gadhafi …in the Middle East.

Thus the plan:  The United States federal government should substantially increase democratic governance support for Libya.

Contention Three is Solvency

Assistance with governance and transparency solves NTC credibility and proves U.S. commitment

Engel 11 (Former Research Assistant-The Washington Institute & Beirut-based analyst who recently traveled across Libya, 11/2, http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/templateC05.php?CID=3417)

Libya's challenges are immense, …a democratic state with Islamic values.

Providing support is necessary for Libyan reforms – money isn’t enough

Cordesman 11 (Anthony H. Cordesman is Arleigh A. Burke Chair in Strategy at Center for Strategic and International Studies and acts as a national security analyst for ABC News “Next Steps in Libya (Egypt, Tunisia, and Other States with New Regimes)”, 8/22, http://csis.org/publication/next-steps-libya-egypt-tunisia-and-other-states-new-regimes)

Qaddafi’s fall is certain to be …be paid in US and allied blood.

Libya will say yes to the plan – that stabilizes the NTC

Solomon 11(Daniel, Georgetown University African Studies Program Research Assistant and Former Intern at the US Department of State, 8/24, “Pulling The Strings From Behind The Curtain”, http://www.policymic.com/article/show?id=1466&op=yes)

Muammar Gaddafi’s 42-year-old …engagement in stabilization and reconstruction.

Plan is key to keeping the NTC accountable – solves civilian mistrust

al-Ameri 11 (Alaa, British-Libyan economist, 8/23, “As Gaddafi's reign ends, the work of creating democracy in Libya begins”, http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2011/aug/23/gaddafi-democracy-libya)

The long battle to remove …democratic social institutions.