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Round Reports

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• Aff: Cal BP

  Round #2

  Vs K state MR

   

  Plan text: The USFG should offer military education democracy programming for Egypt to sease Egyptian participation in military education democracy programming. 

   

  1AC advantages

   

  Egypt Transition—

  a) Israel scapegoating --> nuke

  b) econ collapse --> nuke

   

  Purge

  A) naval power k/t primacy and solve wars

  b) indo pak war

   

  2AC offense

  Terror add-on—plan k/t demo transition which is k/t solve terror---terror likely now—bioweaps -->ext

   

   

  
  
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testing

• Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
  
  

• testing

  
  
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WAKE ROUND 2

• Tournament: WAKE | Round: 2 | Opponent: KSU MR | Judge:
  
  

• CONTENTION 1 IS EGYPTIAN MILITARY CREDIBILITY 

  SCENARIO 1 IS TRANSITION FAILURE

  Disrespect for civilian rule by the Egyptian military has caused the public to turn against them – threatens a successful transition by undermining their credibility as a facilitator

  Al-Anani, Scholar in International Affairs at Durham, 10/19

  [Egypt’s souring transition, http://www.opendemocracy.net/khalil-al-anany/egypt’s-souring-transition]

  Recent bloody clashes between the

  before next June. But this is unlikely as long as the junta believes that Egypt cannot thrive without being led by a person in a military uniform.

  Even if the military hands over control to the civilian government they will dominate from the shadows ensuring a long term vicious cycle of protest and crackdown

  Traub, 9-23

  [Contributing writer for the New York Times Magazine, Is There Light At The End of Egypt's Tunnel?,http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/09/23/the_storm_before_the_calm?page=0,0]

  Egypt is a mess. This month,

  and thus its own hapless tenure.

  Egyptian democratization key to avoid escalating conflict throughout the Middle East – prevents extremism and anti-Israel scapegoating

  Byman – Professor Security Georgetown - 11  

  (Summer, Professor in the Security Studies Program at Georgetown University, Washington Quarterly, “Israel’s Pessimistic View of the Arab Spring”)

  Gaza offers the risk of a high-profile crisis

  escalation that could spiral into disaster

  Israel scapegoating causes aggressive nuclear response – even conventional attack causes nuclear escalation

  Beres, Professor International Law Purdue, ‘7 (Louis Rene, Spring, “Israel’s Uncertain Strategic Future” Parameters, p 37-54, http://www.carlisle.army.mil/usawc/parameters/Articles/07spring/beres.htm)

  How a Nuclear War Might Begin Israel remains the

  enemy leadership and scientific elites.

  Egyptian transition failure collapses the global economy

  Schuman, Economic correspondent for TIME, 11 (2/2, Does the turmoil in Egypt threaten the global recovery? curiouscapitalist.blogs.time.com/2011/02/02/does-the-turmoil-in-egypt-threaten-the-global-recovery/)

  At first glance, the upheaval on the Nile

  sharply and some might even experience a double-dip recession.

  Broad statistical models prove – unmanaged economic declines lead to global conflict

  Royal, Director of cooperative threat reduction, ’10

  [Jedediah, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction – U.S. Department of Defense, “Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises”, Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, Ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-215]

  Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline

  in the economic-security debate and deserves more attention.

  SCENARIO TWO IS THE PURGE

  Sustained Military domination of the civilian government will result in an Iranian style purge of the military

  Abaza, Senior Fellow at Foundation for Defense of Democracies, 10/22

  [Egypt's Army is failing to build consensus for democracy,

  http://www.cnn.com/2011/10/22/opinion/abaza-egypt-government/]

  Egypt's position is precarious

  country's transition the way that they have.

  An overthrow of the military would be a devastating blow to US global military operations – we would not be able to adapt to the loss of Egyptian facilities and air space

  Wood, Chief Military Correspondent for Politics Daily, 11

  [2/5, At Risk in Egypt's Turmoil: U.S. Military Access to the Middle East, www.politicsdaily.com/2011/02/05/at-risk-in-egypts-turmoil-u-s-military-access-to-the-middle-e/]

  Also suddenly at risk

  That should serve as a cautionary tale.''

  Primacy dramatically reduces the risk of great power conflict – power projection stabilizes regional conflict and dampens miscalculation

  Walt, Professor of International Relations at the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, ‘2 (Stephen, Spring, “American Primacy: Its Prospects and Pitfalls” Naval War College Review, Vol 55 Issue 2, p 9, Proquest)

  A second consequence of U.S. primacy is

  exciting world is not necessarily a better one. A compara.

  Specifically, naval power projection is key to preventing war in Pakistan and global conflict escalation

  Cropsey, Senior Fellow at Hudson, ’10 (Seth, September/October, “Ebb Tide” The American Interest, http://www.the-american-interest.com/article.cfm?piece=858)

  Only one statement can be made with

  or abject weakness would be an invitation to calamity.

  Instability in Pakistan causes war with India and global nuclear escalation

  Pitt, Managing Editor of truthout.org, 9 “Unstable Pakistan Threatens the World,” NYT and internationally bestselling author www.arabamericannews.com/news/index.php?mod=article&cat=commentary&article=2183)

  But a suicide bomber in Pakistan

  on a collision course with unimaginable disaster.

  US decline is not inevitable – assuming we don’t lose Egypt the US will maintain military dominance

  Beitelman, PhD Candidate at Dalhousie U, ’11 (David, September, “U.S. Remains the Only Superpower” http://www.policymic.com/article/show?id=1739)

  Superpower. We’ve all heard the

  that we remember what they mean.

  PLAN TEXT:

  The United States federal government should offer military education democracy programming for Egypt to substantially increase Egyptian participation in military education democracy programming.

  CONTENTION TWO IS SOLVENCY

  Increasing the democracy components of IMET key to successful Egyptian democratic transition

  Cook, Senior Fellow @ CFR, ’09

  [Political Instability in Egypt]

  A different strategy would be necessary if U.S. officials

  to monitor Egypt’s presidential elections.

  Military domination is not inevitable – IMET democracy programs can facilitate legitimate civilian control

  Henry, Government Professor @ Texas, ’11

  [2/21, A Tunisian Solution for Egypt’s Military, http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/67475/clement-m-henry-and-robert-springborg/a-tunisian-solution-for-egypts-military?page=show]

  The popular uprisings that swept Egypt and Tunisia

  within a democratic framework. To recall a chant inciting Cairo’s January 25 movement: “Tunisia is the solution.”

  Military disengagement does not mean a disappearance from politics – historically the Egyptian military under civilian rule has acted as a powerful interest group

  Harb, Senior Program Officer - U.S. Institute of Peace, 03 (The Egyptian Military in Politics: Disengagement or Accommodation? Middle East Journal, Vol. 57, No. 2)

  This article argues that the extent of the Egyptian military's

  although this politicization concerns its socio-economic position in society rather than an agenda for control.

  SCAF wants to give up control – influencing lower-level officers is key to the transition

  Ottaway, Senior Associate – Middle East – Carnegie, 11-3

  (Egypt’s Democracy: Between the Military, Islamists, and Illiberal Democrats, www.carnegieendowment.org/2011/11/03/egypt-s-democracy-between-military-islamists-and-illiberal-democrats/6lzl)

  Judging simply on the official pronouncements of the

  will have gotten used to exercising power in the spotlight.

  Empirically, officers who have participated in IMET have not been involved in violent protestor crackdowns – expanding IMET key to solve

  McKelvey, Senior Editor at The American Prospect, 10-13

  [U.S.-Funded Democracy Crushers?, http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2011/10/13/egyptian-military-u-s-funded-democracy-crushers.html]

  The transformation of the Egyptian

  managed to show restraint during the Arab Spring uprising

  Military aid now is focused on weapons and war-fighting which sends the wrong signal – enhancing the non-kinetic role of the US army by increasing democracy programming in IMET is key to stable Egyptian civil/military relations

  Lahoud et al, A team of 6 Social Science Professors from West Point, ’11

  [6/29, The ‘Arab Spring’: Investing in Durable Peace]

  In view of the pro-democratic desires that are being voiced across different

  and therefore increase the visibility of its IMET programs.

  Egypt will say yes to the plan – The US has a deep military to military relationship with Egypt

  Mitchell, Naval Postgraduate School, ’11

  [June, ACCOMPLISHING AMERICAN STRATEGIC GOALS IN THE MIDDLE EAST THROUGH PERSISTENT   SPECIAL OPERATIONS, edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2011/June/11Jun_Mitchell.pdf]

  Close partnership with Egypt should be

  while decreasing Israel‘s suspicions of a Southern threat.

  US has key influence coming up to elections

  Washington Post, 11-3 (Washington should dissuade Egyptian military’s bid to perpetuate power, www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/washington-should-dissuade-egyptian-militarys-bid-to-perpetuate-power/2011/11/03/gIQARLELjM_story.html)

  EGYPT’S MILITARY rulers, who pledged

  its role as an unaccountable authority while still receiving billions in U.S. aid.

  The military is both cause and cure of Egypt’s problems – it’s the only actor able to lead the country safely through transition

  Goodspeed, Award winning reporter with the National Post, 11

  [2/3, Peter Goodspeed: The fate of Egypt rests with its army, fullcomment.nationalpost.com/2011/02/03/peter-goodspeed-the-fate-of-egypt-rests-with-its-army/]

  Peter Goodspeed: The fate of Egypt rests with its army

  it has always remained the ultimate arbiter of events in the country.

  
  
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WAKE ROUND 2 - 2AC

• Tournament: WAKE | Round: 2 | Opponent: KSU MR | Judge:
  
  

• TOPICALITY 2AC

  Counter-interpretation –

  US Code, ’10 (“§ 8262. UNITED STATES DEMOCRACY ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS” Title 22, Chapter 89, Subchapter VI,

  http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/usc_sec_22_00008262----000-.html)

   (b) Sense of Congress regarding mechanisms

  mechanisms for United States democracy assistance.

  We meet – IMET civil-military programming is democracy assistance

  Carothers, Director of Democracy at Carnegie, ’99 (Thomas, “Aiding Democracy Abroad: the Learning Curve” p 196-197)

  An additional area of democracy aid

  The inclusion of these elements came after harsh domestic criticism of the U.S. military's long history of support for military forces involved in human rights abuses and military dictatorships.

  Default to reasonability – literature checks abuse – our solvency evidence is specific to our aff and we have two pieces of evidence that indicate we are topical

  Not a voter

  EU CP 2AC

  1. PERM DO BOTH

  2. INT'L FIAT BAD -  only counterplans that use the resolution’s agent disprove we should do the plan

  Debate should be a method for making better decisions – our decisions determine the quality of our own life and those in our sphere of influence

  A) Not transferable – no situation in our lives is replicated by the choice of counterplan – we can’t make others act, we can only influence their actions

  B) No Literature – there’s none that takes the standpoint of an agent having to choose between the plan and counterplan – they sideline the formation of important information processing skills

  C) Solves their offense – USFG can still influence other actors

  3. US action is key – previous relationship means they’re more likely to say yes to US assistance because it’s readily established – current military aid makes the plan an implicit QPQ that generates strong leverage – extend Mitchell

  4. Only the US can has enough influence to restrain Egypt’s military

  Ash, Historian, political writer and Guardian columnist, 11

  (5/18, Obama can now define the third great project of Euro-Atlantic partnership, www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2011/may/18/obama-define-great-euro-atlantic-project)

  I do not say this for the sake of finding something

  from an heir to Martin Luther King. Between them, these two events have already opened the new chapter.

  5. Europe has no influence in Egypt due to US aid to SCAF – makes Egypt irrelevant for EU cred

  Gowan, Director Center on International Coop at NYU, 2-2-’11 (Richard, “What Egypt Means for the EU” http://www.themarknews.com/articles/3973-what-egypt-means-for-the-eu)

  Yet for all the talk of a “Global Europe,” the EU

  Egyptian crisis as a decisive marker in Europe’s decline in the same way that we remember the 1956 Suez debacle?

  6. No unified EU strategy for military engagement

  Larivé, PhD Candidate IR U of Florida,’11 (Maxime, February, “The European Union, Tunisia and Egypt:  Norms versus Interests -Thoughts and Recommendations” European Union Miami Analysis Series, http://aei.pitt.edu/29774/2/LariveEgyptEUMA2011edi.pdf)

  However, the implementation of such a strategy created

  we [Europeans] need to develop a strategic culture that fosters early, rapid, and when necessary, robust intervention.” 20

  7. EU can’t lead – perceived as a hypocritical model for Middle East democracy

  Ridzam, EU Ambassador, ‘7 (Datuk, May 6, “EU Can Use Past for Future Benefits” The New Straits Times, http://vlex.com/vid/can-use-past-for-future-benefits-78849630)

  While it is foremost a global economic player,

  if not, even disinterested in the rest of the world.

  Terrorism ADD-ON

  a) The aff is key to send a credible signal of US support for democratization – that’s 1AC Lahoud evidence.  That’s key to solve terrorism

  Zarate, Senior Advisor CSIS, 11

  (Summer, Washington Quarterly, The battle for Reform with Al Qaeda)

  Admittedly, in many quarters, the United States has not been

  Combined with the killing of bin Laden, this could mark the beginning of the end of the long war.

  b) Risk of bioterror attack high – most recent ev

  NYT 10/26

  (How Ready Are We for Bioterrorism?, www.nytimes.com/2011/10/30/magazine/how-ready-are-we-for-bioterrorism.html?pagewanted=2&_r=1)

  A decade after the 9/11 attacks, it is easy to forget

  We need a new model. This is never going to work.”

  c) Extinction

  Ochs, has published articles in the Baltimore Sun, Baltimore Chronicle, Science magazine and the website: www.freefromterror.net, past president of the Aberdeen Proving Ground Superfund Citizens Coalition, member of the Depleted Uranium Task force of the Military Toxics Project and a member of the Chemical Weapons Working Group, 6-9-2K2 (Richard, “BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS MUST BE ABOLISHED IMMEDIATELY,” http://www.freefromterror.net/other_articles/abolish.html)

  Of all the weapons of mass destruction, the

  . If patriotism would extinguish humanity, then patriotism is the highest of all crimes.

  OBAMA GOOD DISAD 2AC

  1. MPX DEFENSE

  2. Obama won’t push the plan –

  A. First – Obama will circumvent congress with unilateral executive action to get his agenda

  Stokes, 10/24 (Bruce, 10/24/2011, Obama’s Other Power Tools; If Congress won’t help, the president can still use his executive leverage to push ahead with progressive goals,” )

  Hands tied? Not so much.

  initiatives through executive actions.

  B. Second, plan implemented by the DOD and funded by the DOS

  Moskowitz, Policy Planning Office at Office of Undersecretary of Defense for Policy, ‘8 (Elisa, December, “The creation of Expanded International Military Education and Training (E-IMET)” DISAM Journal)

  Funding for IMET

  U.S.-origin equipment. (3)

  3. Democratic engagement with Egyptian military is a major foreign policy win

  Lane, The News Tribune, 2-15-’11 (Charles, “Obama can reap political capital from revolt in Egypt” http://www.thenewstribune.com/2011/02/15/1545321/obama-can-reap-political-capital.html)

  Still, even after the resignation of Hosni Mubarak,

  time and energy in Egypt over the rest of his term.

  4. E-IMET not controversial

  Moskowitz, Policy Planning Office at Office of Undersecretary of Defense for Policy, ‘8 (Elisa, December, “The creation of Expanded International Military Education and Training (E-IMET)” DISAM Journal)

  The catalyst for the initiative was

  to ensure that it met the intent of Congress. (12)

  5. Biden, not Obama, does the personal lobbying for legislation

  Wilson, 10/9 --- covers the White House for the Washington Post (10/9/2011, Scott, The Washington Post, “The loner president,” Factiva)

  Obama prefers wrestling with policy over engaging with people

  the issue the public ranked as most important - above all else.

  6. Legislative win is key to boost Obama’s political clout and pass the agenda

  Cohn & Clift, 9/23 (Douglas Cohn and Eleanor Clift, “Obama cannot bypass Congress,” http://www.poconorecord.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20110923/NEWS04/109230324/-1/news04)

  WASHINGTON — President Obama is traveling

  White House and Congress, and it's hard to see Obama getting them back on track.

  7. 9/11 created strong bipartisan support for democracy assistance – Arab Spring reignited it

  Democracy Digest, 9-8-’11 (“9/11 restored bipartisan consensus on strategic value of democracy assistance”http://www.demdigest.net/blog/2011/09/911-restored-bipartisan-consensus-on-strategic-value-of-democracy-assistance/

  “The terrorist attack of 9/11 changed America

  sharp partisan division here at home is worthy of note

  8. Clinton and Obama are pressuring – its inevitable

  VOA 11/10 (Voice of America is an international multimedia broadcasting service funded by the U.S. government through the Broadcasting Board of Governor, “Clinton presses china on trade, human rights issues”, 10 November 2011, http://blogs.voanews.com/breaking-news/2011/11/10/clinton-presses-china-on-trade-human-rights-issues/)

  U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton

  tariffs against China if the currency imbalance continues.]

  9. US continuing to pressure China

  China Daily 11/10 (“US to keep pressure on yeah at APEC”, 10 November 2011, http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/usa/business/2011-11/10/content_14073975.htm)

  HONOLULU - China's currency will

  Assistant Secretary Charles Collyns said on Monday.

  ANTHROPOCENTRISM K COERCION 2AC

  1.     1. FAiling to prevent a horrible outcome is just as bad as causing it – the aff is moral evasion

  Nielsen – philosophy prof, Calgary - 93

  Kai Nielsen, Professor of Philosophy, University of Calgary, Absolutism and Its Consequentialist Critics, ed. Joram Graf Haber, 1993, p. 170-2

  Forget the levity of the example and consider

  way but this does not make it right.

  1.    2. Voting neg doesn’t necessitate absolute utilitarianism – there is a high threshold past which we should compromise morals to avoid catastrophic consequences

  Moore – law prof, U San Diego – ‘97

  Michael Moore, Warren Distinguished Professor of Law at University of San Diego School of Law, 1997, Placing Blame, p. 719-722

  Non-Absolute Moral Norms: Threshold Deontology

  will operate as absolutely as absolutism in its ban on tor­turing the innocent.

  1.   3. NUClear war must be prohibited absolutely

  Kateb, Professor of Politics at Princeton University, ‘92 (George, “The Inner Ocean” p 111-112)

  Schell's work attempts to force on

  perhaps enjoined, to take the appropriate preserving steps.

  1.      4. Utilitarianism is the only moral framework for making public decisions – it would be irresponsible for policymakers to sacrifice public good for individual morals

  GOODIN 1995 (Robert E. Goodin, Professor of Social Sciences & Philosopher at the Research School of  Social Sciences at Australian National University, Utilitarianism as a Public Philosophy, p. 8-10)

  The strength of utilitarianism

  ) a particularly attractive posture for public officials to adopt.

  1.      5. Must choose the lesser evil - Not all situations have a moral solution

  Thomas Nagel, Professor of Philosophy, New York University, Absolutism and Its Consequentialist Critics, ed. Joram Graf Haber, 1993, p. 234-5

  Having described the elements of the absolutist position

  It appears that it may be an evil place as well.

  1.      6. Risking extinction not ethical- precludes ethical behavior

  Elliott ‘97

  (Herschel, Feb. 26, Emeritus Assoc. Prof. of Philo @ U. of Florida, “A General Statement of the Tragedy of the Commons”, dieoff.org, www.dieoff.org/page121.htm; Jacob)

  Specifically, Hardin's thought experiment with an imaginary commons demonstrates the futility

  which denies the possibility of further ethical behavior.

  1.      7. No offense- appealing to consequences inevitable

  Richard A. Epstein, James Parker Hall Distinguished Service Professor of Law, University of Chicago, Boston University Law Review, 76 B.U.L. Rev. 1, February / April, 1996

   Similarly, on questions of method, I believe that

  to justify rules in terms of the  consequences they bring about. n8

  1.      8. We have an obligation to protect future generations, even if we can’t “know” they exist

  Smart, Professor of Philosophy at the Research School of Social Sciences, and Williams, Professor of Philosophy at the University of Cambridge, '73 (JJC and Bernard, "Utilitarianism: For and Against" p 62-63)

  "But", the deontologist may still object

  present population on a strange island before using it for bomb tests?

  1.     

  
  
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