Policy relevance is key - unintelligible jargon causes policymakers to ignore us
Joseph Nye,  professor at Harvard University and former dean of the Harvard Kennedy School. Former Asst. Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs,   4-13-09
President Obama has appointed
AND
the trends in academic life seem to be headed in the opposite direction.

Pre-occupation With “How” We Persuade Destroys Deliberative Politics
Murray Bookchin, Institute For Social Ecology Director, Remaking Soceity, 89, p 163-5.
"Political activity and social" and "it on social level."

Refusal To Debate About Plans Surrenders Politics To Facism. Only Policy Debate Solves.
Richard Rorty, University Of Virginia Philosopher, Achieving Our Country: Leftist Thought In Twentieth-Century America, 1998, p. 76-107
"With this partial substitution of Freud" and "system we presently have."

Imagining What Policies Should Happen As Though You Were A Government Policy-Maker— Is Critical To Foreign Policy Making Through Public Reason - The Basis Of Peace Between Nations & Liberal Democracy
John Rawls, James Bryant Conant University Professor, Emeritus, Harvard University, The Law of Peoples, 1999, p 54-7
"Developing the Law of Peoples" and "peoples to accept it."

A) Link
1) New spending for Middle East democracy assistance will be reallocated from economic support funds
Project on Middle East Democracy, 2011, Summary and Highlights of FY 11 Appropriations Act, April 17,
"Speaking on the wave" and "for other programming."

2) Civilian aid to Pakistan is funded by economic support funds
Susan Cornwell, Reuters, April 21, 2011, p. (accessed: 8-12-2011)
"The spending bill" and "the CRS says" 

3) Pakistan aid will be cut to fund new democracy initiatives
Americans for Democracy and Justice in Pakistan, March 7, 2011, Thomas Friedman’s Woeful Misunderstanding of Pakistani Politics,  p. 6-1-2011)
"Support for emerging" and "it is this."

B) Impact
1) Reducing US civilian aid to Pakistan will reduce cooperation on terrorism, spark political and economic instability and increase the risk of nuclear war with India
Pande, Hudson Institute, 2011, Federal News Service, Testimony before the House Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations Hearing - "Reassessing American Grand Strategy in South Asia." , July 26, [Aparna], p. factiva
"Over the years the" and "from a stable Pakistan." 

2) India-Pakistan nuclear war causes global extinction
Caldicott, Physicians for Social Responsibility, 2002, The New Nuclear Danger, p. xiii
"The use of Pakistani" and "life on earth."

A. Uniqueness

Korea FTA will be approved next week - Obama has bipartisan support for a deal with the House Republicans
Linden, October 6, 2011, Produce News Daily, [Tim], p.
"The Obama administration submitted" and "90 days to act."

B. Link

Increasing democracy assistance before the FTA will enrage House GOP Republicans and spark partisan fighting
McLaughlin, 2011, Washington Diplomat, April 26, 2011, [Seth], p.
"In general, most" and "or severely gutted."

Partisanship will erode GOP support for South Korea FTA
Southeastagent.com, September 26, 2011, p.
"Chances for passage of" and "chance of ratification"

C. Impact

Korea FTA is key to sustaining the alliance and US leadership in Asia
Scott Snyder, Council on Foreign Relations, 2/16/10, p.
"In an interview with Bloomberg" and "credibility and influence in Asia."

The alliance and US leadership are key to Asian stability and deterring conflicts
Balbina Y. Hwang, Heritage Foundation, 2006, p.
"At the heart of our discussion about" and "countries rise to the occasion."

Asian conflicts will escalate to global nuclear war and destroy the economy
Niklas Swanstrom, Silk Road Studies, 2004, p.
"Moreover, Northeast Asia could be argued" and "environment and the US role in it."

A. Interpretation - Substantial increase is at least 30%
Hantash, 2006, Patent Attorneys & Engineers Lynch Kneblewski - Sâo Paulo
[Feras, 3/16, dt20060316ptan20060057593.php]
"A substantial increase" and "wildtype CFTR gene."

Increase means to make larger or greater
Encarta World English Dictionary, 2007,
make or become larger or greater: to become, or make something become, larger in number, quantity, or degree

And democracy assistance’s primary focus must be for democracy and involve a transfer of resources
Peter Burnell, Department of International Studies, University of Warwick Democracy Assistance: International Co-operation for Democratization, 2000. p. 5
"When defining democracy assistance" and "arbitrary judgments."

A. Payroll tax extension will pass
Andrew Taylor, AP, October 11, 2011, p. http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2011/10/11/senate-republicans-vote-to-defeat-obamas-jobs-bill
"The White House appears" and "Social Security payroll tax"

B. Link

Increasing democracy assistance will burn Obama's political capital
Lancaster, 2008, George Bush's Foreign Aid: Transformation or Chaos? Chapter 2, p. http://www.cgdev.org/files/16085_file_Lancaster_WEB.pdf
"Now matter how much need" and "any major federal program."

Political capital is key to passing payroll tax extension
The Philadelphia Inquirer, September 8, 2011, p.factiva
"Given Republican opposition" and "Security financially sound."

C. Impact

Payroll tax extension is key to preventing a recession
Zandi, Chief Economist of Moody's Analytics, October 7, 2011, MSNBC: Intervew With Moddy's Chief Economist Mark Zandi, MSNBC, [Mark], p.factiva
"ZANDI: Well, Republican proposals" and "we'll likely go into recession."

US economic decline will cause a global depression, trade wars and shooting wars
Judis, Carnegie Endowment, 2011, The New Republic, August 8, [John], p. http://www.npr.org/2011/08/08/139080654/new-republic-a-lesson-from-the-great-depression
"What is at stake goes" and "over the next year."

Global economic decline increases the risk of World War III and global nuclear war
O'Donnell, 2009, Baltimore Examiner, "Will this recession lead to World War III?"
"One of the causes of" and "history repeats itself."

Bipartisanship support exists to pass the high bill in the Senate and House

Lochhead, November 10, 2011, The San Francisco Chronicle, [Carolyn], p. A11 factiva

“California Sen. Barbara Boxer won” and “solutions and encouraging compromise.”

Increasing democracy assistance destroys bipartisanship

Karmi, 2011, The National, August 2, “US argues over foreign aid policy along with its debt problem,” [Omar], p.

“With the same acrimony it has” and “worst possible outcomes.””

Highway infrastructure is key to the US economy

Schenendorf & Bell, Covington & Burling, 2011, Modernizing U.S. Surface Transportation System: Inaction Must not be an Option, [Jack; Elizabeth], p.

“Our national highway network is a critical driver” and “economic leader are at stake.”

US economy is key to hegemony

Nanto, CRS, 2011, Economics and National Security: Issues and Implications for U.S. Policy, January 4, [Dick], p.

“Traditionally the economy has entered” and “enabler and the constraint.”

Decline of US hegemony risks great power wars

Zhang, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace & Shi Columbia University, 2011, East Asia Forum, America's decline: A harbinger of conflict and rivalry, January 22, [Yuhan; Lin], p. http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2011/01/22/americas-decline-a-harbinger-of-conflict-and-rivalry/

"Over the past two decades" and "unrivalled US primacy."

The aff’s “democracy assistance” is a strategic deployment of neoliberalism. It is the human face which masks violent military intervention and economic coercion

Dixon ’11 (Marion, Prof. Sociology @ Cornell University, “An Arab Spring”, June, Review of African Political Economy Vol. 18 #128.)

“The imperial discourse at” and “coercion and of consent.”

Neoliberalism sacrifices the lives of some in order to “save” the world from an endless multiplicity of peripheral threats like those constructed in the 1AC. This genocidal logic is the justification for genocide and makes collective suicide inevitable.

Santos, Prof at Univ of Coimbra, April 2003, “Collective Suicide?” , Bad Subjects, Issue # 63

“According to Franz Hinkelammert, “ and “countries for four years.”

Reject the affirmative as a means of visibly protesting the shock logic of neoliberalism. Individual instances are key to actualizing collective resistance.

Dixon ’11 (Marion, Prof. Sociology @ Cornell University, “An Arab Spring”, June, Review of African Political Economy Vol. 18 #128.)

“There has been some timely” and “with the resulting shocks.”

Reject the Affirmative and pursue indigenous land return as a first priority. This act of impossible realism solves the case—Colonization is the root cause of oppression, exploitation and war. Only a return to an indigenous politics can remedy the ills of colonialism.
Ward Churchill 1996 (Professor of Ethnic Studies at University of Colorado, Boulder, BA and MA in Communications from Sangamon State, From A Native Son pgs 85-90)
"The question which inevitably arises" and "Isn’t it time we all worked on attaining it?"

Denying Native American sovereignty claims allow whiteness and whiteness studies to continue to ignore Indigenous oppression by operation outside these structures
Aileen Moreton-Robinson, Geonpul scholar and professor of indigenous studies at Queensland University of Technology, “Writing Off Treaties: White Possession in the United States Critical Whiteness Studies Literature” in Transnational Whiteness Matters, edited by Aileen Moreton-Robinson, Maryrose Casey, Fiona Jean Nicoll, 2008, p. 87
"Within the United States of America the sovereignty" and "individualized rights framework accorded to this subject."

The counterplan is a prior question - The fact there is white possession of Native’s land is Natives are ignored in whiteness studies which predominately focus on the black/white dichotomy – only by giving the land back first can we even have this discussion
Aileen Moreton-Robinson, Geonpul scholar and professor of indigenous studies at Queensland University of Technology, “Writing Off Treaties: White Possession in the United States Critical Whiteness Studies Literature” in Transnational Whiteness Matters, edited by Aileen Moreton-Robinson, Maryrose Casey, Fiona Jean Nicoll, 2008, p. 87
"Indigenous sovereignties within" and "its continued existence."

White possession of native lands produces racism – this is a macro-level issue because failure to prioritize the fact that the US stole indigenous lands causes a sociodiscursive shift in ALL whiteness studies where “race” becomes synonymous with “black” and slavery becomes the proof of whiteness instead of the stolen land, which grants white privilege in the first place
Aileen Moreton-Robinson, Geonpul scholar and professor of indigenous studies at Queensland University of Technology, “Writing Off Treaties: White Possession in the United States Critical Whiteness Studies Literature” in Transnational Whiteness Matters, edited by Aileen Moreton-Robinson, Maryrose Casey, Fiona Jean Nicoll, 2008, p. 90
"Despite the colonial history" and "to produce racism."

White privlidge is based on stolen land – our advocacy is a prerequisite to solve
Aileen Moreton-Robinson, Geonpul scholar and professor of indigenous studies at Queensland University of Technology, “Writing Off Treaties: White Possession in the United States Critical Whiteness Studies Literature” in Transnational Whiteness Matters, edited by Aileen Moreton-Robinson, Maryrose Casey, Fiona Jean Nicoll, 2008, p. 88
"Few Native American scholars" and "inequality and stolen land."

A. China-Russian military alliance is not forming now
Weitz, Hudson Institute, 2011, China-Russia relations and the United States: At a turning point? April 14, [Richard], p.
"Since its founding" and "Russia's national defense"

B. Link

Opposition to US democracy promotion will increase Russia-China counter-balancing against the US
Ambrosio, North Dakota State political science professor, 2009, Authoritarian backlash: Russian resistance to democratization in the former Soviet Union, [Thomas], p. 163-4
"The sole instance where" and "violating these norms."

Arab Spring democratization is key to Russia-China using the SCO for counter-balancing
Assl, security analyst at Transnational Crisis Project, 2011, Shanghai Co-operation Council after a decade, June 22, [Nima Khorrami], p.
"Led by China and Russia" and ""Arab Spring" in Central Asia."

C. Impact

SCO soft-balancing will lead to hard-military balancing by Russia-China, increasing the risk of superpower war
Oest & Toft, PH.D fellow and PhD. at the University of Copenhagen, 2007, The Shanghai Cooperation Organization - a Threat or Opportunity for Europe? [Kajsa Ji Noe; Peter], p.
"In more general terms, the" and "during the Cold War. (pp. 29-30)"

US-Russia conflict will go nuclear and result in the extinction of entire nations
McNamara, former Defense Secretary, & Blight, Brown University professor of international relations, 2001, Wilson's Ghost: Reducing the risk of conflict, killing and catastrophe in the 21st Century, [Robert; James], p. 175
"Like Wilson, we base" and "millions of their human"

Block Cards

Russia-China military alliance increases the risk of superpower war
Menges, former Hoover fellow and special assistant to the president for National Security Affairs, 2005, China: A Gathering Threat, [Constantine], p. 423-4
"There are a number of risks" and "unintended major wars happen."

Stronger China-Russian alliance will increase the risk of superpower conflict
Gray, University of Reading professor, 2005, American Behavioral Scientist, August, [Colin], p. 1620-1
"Those inter-state contentions" and "may be brewing."

SCO counter-balancing will reduce US hegemony
Chaulia, Professor and Vice Dean of the Jindal School of International Affairs, India, 2011, Asia Times, June 21, [Sreeram], p. "As has been the practice" and "and sharing intelligence"
"As has been the practice" and "and sharing intelligence"

Decline of US hegemony risks great power wars
Zhang, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace & Shi Columbia University, 2011, East Asia Forum, America's decline: A harbinger of conflict and rivalry, January 22, [Yuhan; Lin], p.
"Over the past two decades" and "unrivalled US primacy."

A. US-Egyptian military relations are good now

Allam, 2011, McClatchy Washington Bureau, August 17, 2011, New U.S. ambassador faces cooler relations in Egypt, [Hanna], p. factiva

"Nabil Fahmy, a former" and "respect for Egyptian law.""

B. Link

US aid to unapproved NGOs will destroy US-Egyptian relations

Chick, 2011, Christian Science Monitor, Why Egypt is angry over $65 million in US democracy grants, August 12, [Kristen], p.factiva

"Amid a US campaign to support" and "for "purely internal reasons."

Increasing democratization will undermine relations with the Egyptian military

Martini & Taylor, RAND Corporation, 2011, Foreign Affairs, September-October, [Jeff; Julie], p. Academic OneFile

"Yet the United States' capacity" and "pressure to democratize."

C. Impact

US-Egyptian relations are key to US power projection and war fighting capabilities - the backbone of global leadership and US naval power

Wood, Defense writer for Politics Daily, 2011

[February 5, Politics Daily, [David], p.

"Also suddenly at risk" and "Iranian ballistic missiles"

Decline of US hegemony risks great power wars
Zhang, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace & Shi Columbia University, 2011, East Asia Forum, America's decline: A harbinger of conflict and rivalry, January 22, [Yuhan; Lin], p.
"Over the past two decades" and "unrivalled US primacy."

Assad will stay in power but a unified opposition will oust him
Daniel Byman, professor in the Security Studies Program at Georgetown University and the research director at the Saban Center at Brookings, “Finish Him”, Foreign Policy, February 2, 2012, p. http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/02/02/finish_him_assad_syria?page=full
“It's easy to see why many” and “representative and effective institution.”
 

The Syrian regime is here to stay – the ruling elites won’t defect, support from Russia and Iran, the opposition is weak, along w/ the Free Syrian Army – also, no military intervention
Rubin, Director of Global Research in International Affairs [Gloria], January 29, 2012 [Barry, “Why Syria’s Regime is Surviving a Revolution,” http://www.gloria-center.org/2012/01/why-syria’s-regime-is-surviving-a-revolution/] SM
“Despite what is now “ and “or help. Go figure.”

Assad will be able to hang onto power – divisions break his way, no elite protests, opposition isn’t united and foreign influence is divided over the issue
Aram Nerguizian, visiting fellow with the Arleigh A. Burke Chair in Strategy at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, “The Crisis in Syria”, CSIS, February 8, 2012, p. http://csis.org/publication/crisis-syria
“Q1: How has President Bashar” and “in inter-Arab politics.”
 

AT: Controlled Collapse after Assad
Controlled collapses won’t happen – Assad would lash out
Nicholas Noe, contributing writer for Bloomberg View and the editor of “Voice of Hezbollah: The Statements of Sayyed Hassan Nasrallah.”, “In Syria, We Need to Bargain With the Devil”, New York Times, February 6, 2012, p. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/07/opinion/in-syria-we-need-to-bargain-with-the-devil.html?_r=1&ref=opinion&pagewanted=all
“ALMOST one year after” and “territory with ground forces.”

The Free Syrian Army is too weak and any liberated zones are strategic concessions to prevent overstretch
Yezid Sayigh, Senior Associate at the Middle East Center at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, “Hurting Stalemate in Syria”, January 31, 2012, p. http://www.carnegieendowment.org/2012/01/31/hurting-stalemate-in-syria/9b81
“The Free Syrian Army does” and “Iraq, Lebanon, and Jordan.”

Fall of Assad would lead to tribal conflicts due to economics and resources scarcity
Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi, adjunct fellow at the Middle East Forum and Oskar Svadkovsky, owner of the Happy Arab News Service blog, “Demography Is Destiny in Syria”, The American Spectator, February 6, 2012, p. http://www.meforum.org/3170/syria-demography
“To be sure, the peripheral “ and “will be still hanging around.”

US security ties with Saudi Arabia prevent Russian-Saudi oil alliance - but Arab spring democratization could change this
Fang, Rice Political Science professor, 2012, New Alignments? The Geopolitics of gas and oil cartels and the changing Middle East, [Songying], p. http://bakerinstitute.org/publications/EF-pub-GasOilCartels-012312.pdf
"Specifically, our analysis shows" and "in the oil market."

Enhancing Middle East democracy causes the Saudis to allow Russia to join OPEC
Fang, Rice Political Science professor, 2012, New Alignments? The Geopolitics of gas and oil cartels and the changing Middle East, [Songying], p. http://bakerinstitute.org/publications/EF-pub-GasOilCartels-012312.pdf
"Finally, we considered an important" and "Russia to join OPEC."

Russia OPEC membership will decrease US leadership in the Middle East and Central Asia
Javendanfar, Middle East Economic and Political Analysis, 2009, Why Iran Wants Russia in OPEC, [Meir], p. http://www.realclearworld.com/articles/2009/03/why_iran_wants_russia_in_opec.html
"Pro-western Ayatollah" and "sphere of influence."

US leadership in Central Asia is key to reducing terrorism, promoting democracy, and preventing Russian and Chinese aggression and control over energy resources
Dunn, 2009, Rethinking American Strategy in Central Asia, [Jonathan], p. http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA536080
"United States interests in Central Asia" and "Central Asian countries. (p.4-5)"

Russian influence in Central Asia causes oil wars that escalate into great power wars
Klare, professor of peace and world security studies at Hampshire College, 2008, [Michael, "The rise of the new energy world order,", p. http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Global_Economy/JD17Dj04.html]
"A growing risk of" and "its global distribution."

Democracy promotion by the US destroys the whole security alliance, causes a shift to Russia
Fang, Rice Political Science professor, 2012, New Alignments? The Geopolitics of gas and oil cartels and the changing Middle East, [Songying], p. http://bakerinstitute.org/publications/EF-pub-GasOilCartels-012312.pdf
"Moreover, the democratization of neighboring" and "with respect to Russia."

Russia in OPEC will boost world oil prices, harming the global economy
Wachman, 2008, The Observer, September 13, 2008, [Richard], p. http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2008/sep/14/oil.mergersandacquisitions
"As if the prospect of a" and "with the cartel."

Jackson-Vanik will be repealed

Medstsky, February 23, 2012, The Moscow Times, [Anatoly], p. http://www.themoscowtimes.com/mobile/article/high-ranking-us-senator-talks-trade/453530.html

“A top U.S. Senator has strongly touted” and “repealing the amendment.”

Political capital is key to repealing Jackson-Vanik

Inside US Trade, January 13, 2012, p. http://www.cinpr.org.br/uploadAddress/INT130112%5B31775%5D.pdf

“The Obama administration is under” and “administration to do the same.”

Rejecting Jackson-Vanik will empower anti-western hardliners in Russia, ending cooperation with the US

Aslund & Hafbauer, Peterson Institute, 2011, The United States Should Establish Permanent Normal Trade Relations with Russia, Peterson Institute Policy Brief, [Andeers; Gary], November, p. http://piie.com/publications/pb/pb11-20.pdf

“In addition, by voting “no” on PNTR,” and “simply cannot be trusted.”

Russian hard-liners increase the risk of US-Russian conflict in the Middle East

Laqueur, Middle East Strategy at Harvard, 2008, Russia and the Middle East, [Walter], p. http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/mesh/2008/08/russia_and_the_middle_east/

“The main aim will be to weaken” and “door to serious miscalculations.”