The status quo --

The Freedom and Justice Party – the Muslim Brotherhood’s party – is certain to become the newly elected government of Egypt

Sayigh, Carnegie Endowment, 2011, The Specter of “Protected Democracy” in Egypt, December 15, [Yezid], p. http://www.carnegieendowment.org/2011/12/15/specter-of-protected-democracy-in-egypt/8aeo

“The stakes have only risen “ and “in the next parliament.”

The US is promoting only limited contact with Islamist parties in Egypt and it has no strategy for broader engagement

Rettig, November 29, 2011, US News & World Report, [Jessica], p. http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2011/11/29/expected-win-by-egypts-islamists-poses-dilemma-for-us-policy

“Hamid agrees that there “ and “a vision for doing so."

And, the freedom and Justice Party favors engagement with the US but political opposition prevents

Talk Radio News Service, November 29, 2011,

p. http://www.talkradionews.com/news/2011/11/29/is-us-aid-to-post-election-egypt-at-risk.html

“Hussein says the” and “a significant obstacle.”

Plan: The Unites States Congress should substantially increase Middle East Partnership Initiative (MEPI) funding for Egypt and allow all Egyptian political parties access to MEPI programs.

The advantage --

U.S. exclusion of the Freedom & Justice Partyis a glaring contradiction in its promotion of true democracy – inclusion signifies a radical break within the still lingering hypocritical rhetoric of the Bush Administration

Kadlec, MA candidate in International Affairs specializing in US foreign policy and democratizing states, 2009 [Amanda, “Democracy Promotion: The Case of the Muslim Brotherhood,” SM

“Despite the difficulty of the task” and “democracy in the Middle East.”

The plan is an endorsement of non-violent pluralism – current U.S. democracy assistance conditions aid on opposition parties converting to Western notion of democratic values – by including the Freedom & Justice Party in U.S. democracy assistance the U.S. moves a away from a policy of forced regime change that promotes social engineering

Etzioni, university professor and professor of international relations at The George Washington University, [Amitai “Toward a Nonviolent, Pluralistic Middle East”, Middle East Quarterly, Vol. XVIII, No. 4, Fall 2011, p.

“"Illiberal moderate" also pertains to several” and “ how should we determine which qualify?”

The 1AC promotes a form of agonistic democracy promotion – which recognizes strengthens in liberal democracy, such as openness, but is critical of its universality

Johannes Jüde, School of Philosophy Munich, Paper prepared for the 3rd ECPR Graduate Conference held at the Dublin City University, “Agonistic Democracy – Agonistic Democracy Promotion?, 30 August – 1 September 2010, p.

“So both authors characterize politics” and “necessary as argued by Chopra and Hohe.57”

Pluralism alone is critical to addressing numerous global issues threatening survival

Wenman, Lecturer in Political Theory, University of Nottingham 2003

(Mark, “What is Politics? The Approach of Radical Pluralism,” Politics, V. 23, Iss. 1)

“I have shown that the approach” and “there is plenty to be done.”

Agonism allows democracy to flourish without violence

Jonathan Murphy, Senior Lecturer in International Management at Cardiff Business School, ““Democracy? That’s so last year”: exploring the backlash against democracy promotion”, Paper presented to Critical Governance Studies conference, Warwick University, December 13 – 14 2010, p.

“Moving beyond instrumental reasons” and “institutional framework of democracy.”

Specifically, pluralistic engagement with the Freedom & Justice Party prevents conflict

Kiriakou, former senior investigator on the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, December 12, 2011, Huffington Post, [John], p. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/john-kiriakou/john-kerry-egypt_b_1143980.html

“So what's in “ and it for us? irst, “to not talk to them.”

The plan reflects Obama’s promise to support freedom over stability, funding through the MEPI helps support vibrant civil society groups and all forms of inclusion in Egypt

Dorsey, senior researcher at the National University of Singapore’s Middle East Institute, 2011:

[“US Risks Missing Opportunity to Play Leading Role in Middle East Transition”, Al Arabiya News, 7-5,  [James], p.

“The ascendancy of Islamist groups” and “promote democratic change.”

Through inclusion of the Freedom & Justice Party the plan allows questioning of methods but still allows liberal values to create space for local choices 

Youngs, University of Warwick Professor and FRIDE Director, 2011 [Richard “Misunderstanding the Maladies of Liberal Democracy Promotion”, Working Paper 106, January 2011, p. SM

“Clearly, more debate about” and “descent into relativism?”

US failures in democracy are reasons to promote it – only democracy can correct mistakes – the alternative is stagnation and conflict

Rosa Brooks, law professor at the Georgetown University Law Center, “Democracy Promotion: Done Right, A Progressive Cause”, Democracy: A Journal of Ideas, Issue 23, Winter 2012, p. http://www.democracyjournal.org/23/democracy-promotion-done-right-a-progressive-cause.php

“The events of the last year” and “go badly wrong forever.

Most Recent Plan:

The United States federal government should substantially increase its party development assistance for the Syrian National Council through the Turkish government.

UNT Plan:

The United States federal government should increase political party development assistance to Turkey for the purpose of strengthening the Syrian National Council.

Advantage One is Civil War

The Assad regime will eventually collapse – the only question is when, delaying US action solidifies the risk of civil war, US influence now creates the soft landing necessary for successful regime change 

Boot, Jeane J. Kirkpatrick Senior Fellow for National Security Studies, December 5, 2011 [Max, “Assad Must Go,” http://www.cfr.org/syria/assad-must-go/p26706] SM

{the realist case…otherwise lack}

We’ll isolate three scenarios

First, full blown civil war in Syria will enflame the entire region – instability will spillover inciting increased violence in other Middle Eastern countries that face sectarian divides

Yacoubian, senior program officer for the Middle East at the U.S. Institute of Peace, October 5, 2011 [Mona

http://mideast.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2011/10/05/saving_syria_from_civil_war] SM

{As Syria's uprising … widespread chaos}

Second is Iran, Syria represents a golden opportunity to derail Iran’s regional hegemony – US acting in tandem with Turkey is critical to engineer this outcome – now is the key time

Ben-Meir, prof of IR @ NYU, November 28, 2011 [Alon, “Keystone Influence: Syria’s Arab Spring and The Race for Regional Hegemony,” - The Iranian] SM

{Conversely, Israel is the only regional … indirectly engineering such an outcome?}

An unchecked Iran will serve as a catalyst for nuclear war

Ben-Meir, prof of IR @ NYU, February 6, 2007 [Alon, “Realpolitik: Ending Iran’s Defiance,”

http://www.upi.com/Business_News/Security-Industry/2007/02/06/Realpolitik-Ending-Irans-defiance/UPI-69491170778058/] SM

{Feeling emboldened and unrestrained, … halting its nuclear program}

Third is CBWs, a Syrian civil war will allow terrorists to acquire CBWs and cause warring factions to use CBWs against their enemies

Elsner, Huffington Post, November 23, 2011, [Alan, p. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/alan-elsner/syria-civil-war_b_1107502.html] JK

{As Syria teeters … of civilian casualties.}

Hezbullah will use CBWs to attack Israel

, . [Vol. 23, Issue. 12, p. proquest] JK

{Of greater concern … not ratified the CWC}

Syrian chemical weapons attack by Assad or terrorists will cause nuclear retaliation by Israel

Cordesman, Center for Strategic Studies Institute, 2006, [Anthony, “Arab-Israeli military forces in an era of asymmetric wars,” p. 370] JK

{Various experts have … prevent its recovery}

Israeli nuclear retaliation will cause global nuclear war and extinction

Morgan, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, 2009, [Dennis Ray, Futures, December, p. 685] JK

{Israeli leaders and Zionist … ecosphere as well}

U.S. aid through Turkey is key to unifying the Syrian National Council and enabling them to oust Assad

Ben-Meir, prof of IR @ NYU, November 28, 2011 [Alon, “Assad's Iranian Shadow - Future of Iran-led "resistance block" in jeopardy,” - The Iranian] SM

{The United States and … could involve Iran and Israel}

Political organizational support for the SNC is key to lead to a transition of power devoid of civil war

Maalouf, oversaw programs on democracy promotion for Freedom House, & Torbey, international lawyer and PhD candidate, 15 yrs+ experience in Contemporary Middle East Studies, December 16, 2011 [Marwan and Khattar, “Breaking the Stalemate in Syria,” http://pomed.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/POMED-Policy-Brief_Maalouf.pdf - POMED] SM

{The situation in Syria … ongoing bloodshed and humanitarian crisis}

And, US-Turkey collaboration is vital, given Turkey’s lack of expertise in party building

Ülgen, visiting scholar at Carnegie Europe in Brussels, December 2011, [Sinan, “From Inspiration to Aspiration – Turkey in the New Middle East,” Carnegie Foundation for International Peace – Carnegie Europe] SM

{The nature of political … of the Tunisian Islamists}

Advantage Two is U.S.-Turkey Relations

Although US-Turkey relations have improved, deeper engagement and cooperation is key to sustaining the long-term relationship

Kanat, Foundation for Political, Economic and Social Research (SETA), December 25, 2011, [Kilic Bugra Sunday’s Zaman, http://www.sundayszaman.com/sunday/newsDetail_getNewsById.action?newsId=266628] JK

{With major changes … other geographical regions}

And, unilateralism by Turkey in its dealings with the Arab Spring will harm US-Turkey relations—joint democracy assistance is key to sustaining cooperation

Ülgen, visiting scholar at Carnegie Europe in Brussels, December 2011, [Sinan, “From Inspiration to Aspiration – Turkey in the New Middle East,” Carnegie Foundation for International Peace – Carnegie Europe] SM

{The transformation …lasting success story}

Relations solve Middle East stability, terrorism, oil conflicts, and free trade, Iraq, Russia, Oil dependence
 Menon, Monroe J. Rathbone prof of IR, Lehigh University Fellow, New America Foundation and Wimbush, Director, Center for Future Security Strategies, Hudson Institute, March 2007 [Rajan and S. Enders, Hudson Institute: “Is the United States Losing Turkey?” ] SM

{If Turkey, …Turkey’s other neighbors}

Central Asian oil conflicts leads to regional arms races that escalate into great power wars
 Klare, professor of peace and world security studies at Hampshire College, 2008 [Michael, “The rise of the new energy world order,” ] SM

{A growing risk … control its global distribution}

Nuclear terrorist attack against the US will cause global nuclear war

Alyson, Centre for Strategic Studies, University of Wellington, 2010: [Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, July, [Robert], p. 584] SM

{Washington’s early … devastating response}

Turkey supports collaborative democracy assistance toward Syria—they will say yes to the plan

Ignatius, staff writer for the Washington Post, December 7, 2011 [David, “U.S. and Turkey Find a Relationship that Works,” http://www.washingtonpost.com/david-ignatius/2011/02/17/ABXXcOJ_page.html] SM

{They are unlikely .. chiefly at Iran. }

And, Syria is a key test case for US-Turkey cooperation

, Lehigh University professor of international relations, April 26, 2011, [Henri, Turkey and the Arab Spring, p. http://www.carnegieendowment.org/2011/04/26/turkey-and-arab-spring/2s3

{And at the …  although certainly messy}

Collaborative democracy assistance will bolster US-Turkey relations

Kirisci, prof of PolySci @ Boğaziçi University, 2011, [Kemal, Insight Turkey, vol 13,  no. 2, [], p. 50 ] JK

{The craving for … a common strategy}

We begin with a song by indigenous poet Brian Childers.

“Trail of Tears”

http://opossumsal.homestead.com/Native/ttotears.html

I look to the long road behind

and

On the Trail of Tears.  

The question posed by the resolution is just another chapter in the foundational sin of American democracy – the dispossession of indigenous lands. From the standpoint of whitestream democracy, the Native person is antagonistic and antithetical to the very ideas of modernity.

Grande  2004 (Sandy, associate professor of education at Connecticut College, “Red Pedagogy: Native American Social and Political Thought” 31-32)

 The United States is a nation defined by its original sin: the genocide of American Indians.

and

as the first and most virulent weapon of mass destruction.

Status quo social movements that purport to be in support of democracy take place on top of indigenous land and re-entrench a colonialist empire – it never occurs to us to ask for the consent of Natives.

 Freelander 11 (David, New York observer, “Native American Writer Reminds Occupy Wall Streeters Who The Real Occupiers Are” 10/10/11 http://www.observer.com/2011/10/native-american-writer-reminds-occupy-wall-streeters-who-the-real-occupiers-are/)

 John Paul Montano, a Native American writer and activist...

and

I eagerly await your response, my friends.

Thus, my partner and I affirm indigenous land return as a first priority.

Tag changes

Ward Churchill 1996 (Professor of Ethnic Studies at University of Colorado, Boulder, BA and MA in Communications from Sangamon State, From A Native Son pgs 85-90)

"The question which inevitably arises" and "Isn’t it time we all worked on attaining it?"

This impacts not just the survival of indigenous persons, but the possibility of life and ethical actions themselves.

 Churchill 96 American writer and political activist. Professor of Ethnic Studies at University of Colorado at Boulder, from “A Native Son”, p. 31 [Ward.]

  Plainly, all official polemics to the contrary notwithstanding, the agony induced by 500 years of European ...

and

the fate of Native North America signifies the fate of the planet.

The colonialism of early America is the root cause of wars today –they are extensions of genocidal carnage against native people

STREET, MARCH 11, 2004. AUTHOR, [Paul.][“THOSE WHO DENY THE CRIMES OF THE PAST REFLECTIONS ON AMERICAN RACIST ATROCITY DENIAL, 1776 2004, HTTP://THEREITIS.ORG/DISPLAYARTICLE242.HTML]

It is especially important to appreciate the significance of the vicious ...

and

likely to repeat their offenses in the future as long as they retain the means and motive to do so.

Genocide is not a top-down administered atrocity but is instead culturally cultivated through grass-roots movements and representations. INDIVIDUAL complicity with genocidal movements is critical to their success. Failure to recognize the ground beneath our feet represents ongoing colonization is complicity.

Levene 2000. (Mark, 11.2.2000 U Warwick, Why is the Twentieth Century the Century of Genocide?)

 Second, even where genocidal states are totalitarian and heavily policed

and

their programs for a radical reshaping of society, were critical to these outcomes.

This investigation is critical to understanding democracy itself

Cornel West, Professor of Religion at Princeton, Democracy Matters: Winning the Fight Against Imperialism , 2004, p. 13-4

If we are to grapple critically with the three antidemocratic dogmas 

and

opposing tendencies if we are to maintain our democratic energy.