1AROBSERVATION ONE: THE STATUS QUO

A. THE STORY OF THE LIBYAN REBELLION HAS BEEN WRITTEN AND THE TRANSITION FROM UPRISING TO GOVERNING IS ALREADY UNDER WAY. WITH THIS TRANSITION BEING VIEWED AS INEVITABLE, IT IS NOW A QUESTION OF THE PATH AND FORM THAT LIBYAN SELF GOVERNMENT WILL TAKE. SKIRMISHES AND STREET FIGHTS WITH GADDAFI LOYALISTS MAY VERY WELL CONTINUE BUT EVEN WITH GADDAFI ON THE RUN, VIRTUALLY ALL EXPERTS AGREE THAT THE OVERTHROW IS COMPLETE AND THE QUESTION OF SUCCESS NOW CENTERS AROUND ISSUES OF GOVERNANCE, CONSTITUTION BUILDING, AND REFORM. 

SADIKI, 9/13/2011
Larbi 13 Sep  http://english.aljazeera.net/indepth/opinion/2011/09/2011910101351539101.html CWEB

THUS THE PLAN: 

RESOLVED: THE UNITED STATES FEDERAL GOVERNMENT SHOULD SUBSTANTIALLY INCREASE DEMOCRACY ASSISTANCE FOR LIBYA BY SUPPORTING CIVIL SOCIETY AND GOVERNANCE INITIATIVES THROUGH THE NATIONAL DEMOCRATIC INITIATIVE.

AFRICA ADVANTAGE

A. AN ARMED STRUGGLE WAS FORCED UPON THE PEOPLE OF LIBYA. HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF REFUGEES SPILLED OVER INTO NEIGHBORING COUNTRIES THROWING THE WHOLE REGION INTO UPHEAVAL. PRO GADDAFI LOYALISTS SLAUGHTERED CITIZENS BY THE THOUSANDS.  ACHIEVING STABILITY AND A FUNCTIONING DEMOCRACY IN THE COUNTRY IS CRITICAL TO THE FUTURE STABILITY OF ALL OF NORTHERN AFRICA.  

WARFALLY, 2011
Interim Prime Minister, Transitional National Council of the Libyan Republic, May 12, , Brookings Institute, THE FUTURE OF LIBYA: A VIEW FROM THE OPPOSITION, MAHMOUD GIBRIL ELhttp://www.brookings.edu/events/2011/0512_libya_opposition.aspx

B. AND THE UNITED STATES MUST WORK TO AVOID THE WAVE OF INSTABILITY THAT COULD RESULT FROM A FAILED TRANSITION IN LIBYA. LIBYAN COLLAPSE WOULD CRUSH DIPLOMATIC PARTNERSHIPS AND COUNTER TERRORISM EFFORTS IN THE REGION

SOLOMON 8/24/2011
 (Daniel, Georgetown University African Studies Program Research Assistant and Former Intern at the US Department of State, 2011, “Pulling The Strings From Behind The Curtain”, http://www.policymic.com/article/show/id/1466/op/yes

C. THIS WOULD RESULT IN CONFLICTS THAT DRAW IN MAJOR POWERS AND LEAD TO NUCLEAR WAR
DEUTSCH 02
Dr. Jeffrey Deutsch, founder of the Rabid Tiger Project, a political risk consulting and related research firm, 11-18-02, http://www.rabidtigers.com/rtn/newsletterv2n9.html

D. The plan creates a democratic model in Libya that is key to fostering peace and stability while serving as a critical model for other African countries. 

WARFALLY, 2011
Interim Prime Minister, Transitional National Council of the Libyan Republic, May 12, , Brookings Institute, THE FUTURE OF LIBYA: A VIEW FROM THE OPPOSITION, MAHMOUD GIBRIL ELhttp://www.brookings.edu/events/2011/0512_libya_opposition.aspx

OIL ADVANTAGE
A. OIL SHOCKS ARE COMING. THERE’S A LACK OF NEW PRODUCTION
DRUM 8/26/2011
 (Kevin, Mother Jones, “Our Oil-Constrained Future”, http://motherjones.com/kevin-drum/2011/08/our-oil-constrained-future)

B. LIBYAN OIL WILL SERVE AS A KEY BUFFER FOR STRUGGLING ECONOMIES AS LONG AS THE COUNTRY REMAINS STABLE.
HUANG 8/24/11
 Ryan, Singapore News, “Oil Prices to Soften: Analysts”, http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporebusinessnews/view/1148740/1/.html

C. US INVOLVEMENT IS KEY TO SETTING UP A CREDIBLE GOVERNMENT IN LIBYA,

MARK LANDLER , 2011
August 22, For Obama, a Moment to Savor, if Briefly

D. CONTINUED OIL SHOCKS AND HIGH OIL PRICES WILL DRIVE MILLIONS MORE INTO POVERTY

HAMMOND 2008
(Andrew, Reporter for Reuters, “High oil prices hitting poor nations-UK Minister”, GUARDIAN.CO.UK, http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/feedarticle/7586433, June 14, 2008)

E. Poverty Is The Biggest Impact That Exists – Its Effects Are The Same As An Ongoing Nuclear War Against The Poor

Abu-Jamal 1998
(Mumia, Peace Activist, “A Quiet and Deadly Violence,” FLASHPOINTS, September 19, 1998, available online at http://www.flashpoints.net/mQuietDeadlyViolence.html, accessed 6/30/07)

Libya Hedge Adv

A. US CREDIBILITY IN THE REGION IS AT AN ALL-TIME LOW – OUR SUCCESS IN LIBYA IS KEY TO OUR REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL STANDING
HAMID 8/26/2011
 (Shadi, Director of research at the Brookings Doha Center and fellow at the Saban Center for Middle East Policy at the Brookings Institution, “Libya may be in America's vital interest after all”, http://globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2011/08/26/libya-may-be-in-americas-vital-interest-after-all/)

B. Taking a leading role in Libya is crucial to overall US signal and credibility
Puccia 11 (Marco, American University’s School of International Service, , March, “Global Analysis: American Leadership in Libya and Across the Middle East”, http://www.marcopuccia.com/2011/03/global-analysis-american-leadership-in-libya-and-across-the-middle-east/)

C. Libya is the test case for American leadership in the region – inaction symbolizes US impotence and hurts other movements
Ghitis 8/25 (Frida, independent commentator on world affairs and a World Politics Review contributing editor, 2011, “World Citizen: Libya Emerges as Major Test of Western, U.S. Influence”, http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:ckDLwiX-isgJ:www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/9882/world-citizen-libya-emerges-as-major-test-of-western-u-s-influence+World+Citizen:+Libya+Emerges+as+Major+Test+of+Western,+U.S.+Influence&cd=2&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us&client=firefox-a&source=www.google.com)

D. Unconditional support for democratization and credibility in the region is key to American soft power and legitimacy
Byron 11 ("Soft Power in the Middle East: Reforming American Foreign Policy", March 11, Presstorm, http://www.presstorm.com/2011/03/soft-power-in-the-middle-east-reforming-american-foreign-policy/)

E. Soft power prevents extinction
Rieffel 5 (Lex, Visiting Fellow at the Global Economy and Development Center of the Brookings Institution The Brookings Institution, Reaching Out: Americans Serving Overseas, 12-27, www.brookings.edu/views/papers/20051207rieffel.pdf)

OBSERVATION 2: SOLVENCY

A. OUR DEMOCRACY ASSISTANCE WOULD TAKE THE FORM OF TECHNICAL EXPERTS TO ASSIST IN THE ORGANIZATION OF ELECTIONS AND THE BUILDING OF DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTIONS. THIS IS WHAT THE NTC IS ASKING FOR AND THE US IS IN A UNIQUE POSITION TO PROVIDE THIS SUPPORT.
Aujali , 9/12/2011
By Ali Suleiman, Published: September 12
http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/building-a-free-libya/2011/09/08/gIQA8OPvNK_story.html
Ali Suleiman Aujali is Libya’s ambassador to the United States. He was previously the official representative of National Transitional Council to the United States. 

LIBYA IS THE TEST CASE FOR AMERICAN LEADERSHIP IN THE REGION – INACTION SYMBOLIZES US IMPOTENCE AND HURTS OTHER MOVEMENTS
GHITIS 8/25/2011
(Frida, independent commentator on world affairs and a World Politics Review contributing editor, 2011, “World Citizen: Libya Emerges as Major Test of Western, U.S. Influence”, http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:ckDLwiX-isgJ:www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/9882/world-citizen-libya-emerges-as-major-test-of-western-u-s-influence+World+Citizen:+Libya+Emerges+as+Major+Test+of+Western,+U.S.
+Influence&cd=2&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us&client=firefox-a&source=www.google.com)

US INVOLVEMENT IS CRITICAL TO THE SUCCESS OF THE LIBYAN TRANSITION.
SOLOMON 8/24/2011
 (Daniel, Georgetown University African Studies Program Research Assistant and Former Intern at the US Department of State, 2011, “Pulling The Strings From Behind The Curtain”, http://www.policymic.com/article/show/id/1466/op/yes

WOMEN’S ADV
A. Oppression and domestic violence are significant problems facing the women of Libya. Currently there are no laws to protect victims of violence or rape.  
Social institutions & gender index 2006, http://genderindex.org/country/libya

B. Democracy assistance is critical to the constitutional safeguards that are the foundation of protecting individual and minority rights
Phillips,  2099

American University Program on Conflict Prevention and Peacebuilding Director, 9
[David L. Phillips, 12-22-9, Atlantic Council, “New Frontier In Democracy Assistance”, http://www.acus.org/new_atlanticist/new-frontier-democracy-assistance, accessed 5-27-11]

C. Violence against women makes all forms of violence possible- including nuclear war

New York Times 83 (December 29, LN)

D. And violence is intertwined- gendered violence acts as a catalyst for other types for genocide and ethnic cleansing

Amnesty International 98 (October 1, pg. http://news.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGACT310061998?open&of=ENG-347)

E. U.S. has ethical and moral responsibility to ensure the promotion of women’s rights in Libya through democratic assistance
Serpe 11, (Lauren, Research Officer IFES, “MENA Protests Could Help Advance Women’s Rights” International Foundation for Electoral Systems, http://www.ifes.org/Content/Publications/Opinions/2011/March/MENA-Protests-Could-Help-Advance-Womens-Rights.aspx) TM

Libyan oil irreplaceable on world market, key to prevent oil shocks

Money Show 11

underlying supply/demand balances, … shock would be tough to offset.

LIBYAN SWEET CRUDE KEY TO GLOBAL OIL SUPPLIES; NO RESERVES CAN SUBSTITUTE AS THEY HAVE ALREADY BEEN SPENT

Gue 11

Crude oil prices remain elevated … and 300,000 barrels per day by early 2012

Poverty greatest source of human suffering on earth, poverty is the biggest impact as suffering is ongoing
Vijaya Murali and Femi Oyebode. 2004. Poverty, social inequality and mental health. Journal of Advances in psychiatric treatment. http://apt.rcpsych.org/content/10/3/216.full

The World Health Organization (WHO) … of society in general (Townsend, 1979).

Poverty causes the spread of disease, environmental degradation, terrorism, war and crime

Rice 09. The Threat of Global Poverty Africa, Transnational Security Threats, Global Poverty, Global Economics, Development Susan E. Rice, Spring 2006 — Senior Fellow, Foreign Policy, Global Economy and Development The National Interest

When Americans see televised … and combat transnational threats.

Water scarcity causes countries to throw cooperation asid

Business line. Nov 18 2011. PTI.

http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/industry-and-economy/article2639108

Warning that water disputes … of political will and foresight.

Terrorism guarantees extinction. This must outweigh any other policy considerations

Chesney 1997 (Robert, Law Clerk to the Hon. Lewis A. Kaplan, JD from Harvard Law, 1997) [Loyola of Los Angeles International & Comparative Law Review, November, p. 31-32]

The horrible truth is that the … scattered throughout the former Soviet Union.

Al-Qaeda members already positioned in Libya to try and usurp power.

(Military Ring Nov, 8 2011)

Right now that is a definite … authority, the question is how much.

Non-Unique: USAID ended by Spending Reduction Act

(Ditz, Jason 2011)

House Republicans … most of the money went.

Disease won’t cause extinction.

Gladwell ’99 [Malcolm, The New Republic, Jul 24, Lexis]

Every infectious agent that … limitations of microscopic life forms.

1 Disease doesn’t cause extinction. Prefer our impacts

Posner 5 – Court of Appeals Judge; Professor, Chicago School of Law (Richard, Catastrophe, http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-4150331/Catastrophe-the-dozen-most-significant.html, AG)

Yet the fact that Homo … to localize an infectious disease.

Article I Section. 10. Of the US CONSTITUTION says that states do not have the right to meddle in foreign affairs without the consent of the USFG..

Founding Fathers, 1788. http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/constitution_transcript.html

No State shall enter into any … Danger as will not admit of delay.

The national guard is under the control of the usfg when they are deployed. US Code article 10.

TITLE 10--ARMED FORCES                Subtitle E--Reserve Components                    PART I--ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION                  CHAPTER 1003--RESERVE COMPONENTS GENERALLY  Sec. 10105. Army National Guard of the United States:          composition              The Army National Guard of the United States is the reserve  component of the Army that consists of--         (1) federally recognized units and organizations of the Army      National Guard; and         (2) members of the Army National Guard who are also Reserves of      the Army.  (Added Pub. L. 103-337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1661(a)(1), Oct. 5,  1994, 108 Stat. 2970.)   TITLE 10--ARMED FORCES                        Subtitle E--Reserve Components                    PART I--ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION                  CHAPTER 1003--RESERVE COMPONENTS GENERALLY    Sec. 10106. Army National Guard: when a component of the Army      The Army National Guard while in the service of the United States is  a component of the Army.  (Added Pub. L. 103-337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1661(a)(1), Oct. 5,  1994, 108 Stat. 2970.)

The state department has already pledged funding to Libya

(Myers, Steven. 18 october 2011. The New York Times)

Mrs. Clinton said the relatively … under Colonel Qaddafi.

Their DISAD is non-unique. The secretary of defense has already pledged to assist Libya in developing its democracy.

(Griffin, Jennifer. 17 December 2011)

Panetta, arriving in Tripoli for … sailors killed in 1804 are buried.

Libya is a key actor in the Arab Spring.

Khalidi ’11 (Rashid, Professor of Arab Studies at Columbia University, is the author, most recently, of The Iron Cage: The Story of the Palestinian Struggle for Statehood, http://www.thenation.com/authors/rashid-khalidi)

Third, things could easily … Morocco, Oman, Iraq and elsewhere.

WATER:

Their water evidence is non-specific to Libyan sandstone aquifer. Libyan water is key to all of Africa; its in an aquifer and cant be polluted by fighting; thata only applicable to a surface source; on that theirs a Pakistani Israeli treaty it has meant nothing--- water was the actual start of the 6wks war and wars have been going on

WATER WARS HAVE BEEN OCCURRING IN THE MIDDLE EAST FOR YEARS AND CONTINUE TO GET WORSE

(Darwish 1994, at the Geneva Conference)

As the Palestine Israel accord is … against the diversion of the Jordan.'

Boehner is currently anxious for a deal

Reuters 13 Janaury 2012. (“Tea Party may get rebuffed in tax cut showdown” Fri, Jan 13 2012; By Richard Cowan and Thomas Ferraro; Retuers.com)

WASHINGTON (Reuters) - House Speaker … if it costs him a lot of House Republican freshmen."

WATER WARS HAVE BEEN OCCURRING IN THE MIDDLE EAST FOR YEARS AND CONTINUE TO GET WORSE

(Darwish 1994, at the Geneva Conference)

As the Palestine Israel accord … the diversion of the Jordan.'

Terrorism:

Nuclear evidence is from before were killed bin ladin in palkistan; now have state funding North Korea would love to sell nuclear materials to terrorists
 Levi 8 (Michael A. Levi, David M. Rubenstein Senior Fellow for Energy and the Environment and Director of the Program on Energy Security and Climate Change @ CFR, Sept 2008, “Deterring State Sponsorship of Terrorism,” Council Special Report, No. 39, p. 9.

North Korea is believed to have … is unwilling to cross for the right price.8  

Their framework of impact calculation risks the devaluation of the Other, genocide, war and conditions that lead to extinction. All their extinction scenarios only exist in a world where ethics is not the main consideration.

DILLON, '99 [MICHAEL, POLITICS AT LANCASTER, "ANOTHER JUSTICE," POLITICAL THEORY, v27, N2, APRIL, P.164-166)]

Quite the reverse. The subject … constitutive of the human way of being.

Observation One: The Status Quo

A.

National Transition Council in Libya is working hard at bringing democracy to Libya, but it faces structural challenges to setting up democratic institutions, elections, and voter education. It is relying upon the international community for guidance, especially from the NDI and its lessons learned in Iraq.

(Yackee, Susan September 2011) Susan Yackee is a journalist for Voice of America News.

It seems official: the Libyan … really want to get it right.”

B. Libyans want and need assistance from NDI

Campbell, Les, NDI, 5/13/11, http://www.accessdemocracy.org/notes-from-Benghazi-Libya

As we left the Benghazi airport …couldn’t find another one to buy at any price.

Thus the plan:

Resolved: The United States Federal Government should SUBSTANTIALLY INCREASE DEMOCRACY ASSISTANCE FOR LIBYA BY SUPPORTING CIVIL SOCIETY AND GOVERNANCE INITIATIVES THROUGH THE NATIONAL DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTE.

Water Advantage

Libya Sits on the World’s Largest Aquifier, Gateway to the World’s Most Valuable Resource

(Chengu 11)

Garika Chengu, September 6, 2011 Tuesday 11 (September 6, “Observer says Libya's strategic location reason for West's intervention”, lexis, d)

Text of report by London-based opposition newzimbabwe.com

website on 6 September [Commentary by Garikai Chengu: "Libya: Scramble for Arms Deals, Gas, Oil and Water"]

 People who think that the … bonanza for American arms dealers.

B. Democratic Control of Aquifier is Key to Regional Stability

(Russeau 11)

Simba Russeau May 27, 2011 Friday Water Emerges as a Hidden Weapon BYLINE: Simba Russeau 11 (Simba Russeau, May 27, “”, lexis, d)

With only five percent of the … in this struggle," says Athanasiadis.

C. Water resources are limited, water wars are beginning

(Moscow News 11)

Moscow News, August 25, 2011 (“Dying for Water”, Moscow News SECTION: INTERNATIONAL words lexis, d)

Many different rituals are performed … malicious thoughts or vulgar words

D. Water shortages will cause global war

Water War, DATELINE 11 (Lucas Liganga, August 23 2011, “MPs – Water Woes Could Spark War”, lexis, I).

Members of Parliament on … aimed at protecting the key resource.

E. Water Shortages Cause terrorism

Ben Sutherland March 18 2003 ,”Water shortages 'foster terrorism.”  BBC News.

 A lack of water is a key … must do more with little water."

Oil Advantage

Oil shocks are coming. There’s a lack of new production

(Drum 11)
 Drum 8/26/2011

 (Kevin, Mother Jones, “Our Oil-Constrained Future”, http://motherjones.com/kevin-drum/2011/08/our-oil-constrained-future)

I've talked a few times … recovers, the cycle starts all over.

B. Libyan oil will serve as a key buffer for struggling economies as long as the country remains stable. (Huang 11)
 Huang 8/24/11

 Ryan, Singapore News, “Oil Prices to Soften: Analysts”, http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporebusinessnews/view/1148740/1/.html

SINGAPORE: From the Arab … the turmoil in financial markets.

c. US democratic support key to oil stability – most expertise and experience
 Margon 8/22/11

 (Sarah, Associate Director for Sustainable Security at American Progress, 2011, “Libya Will Still Need Help After Qaddafi’s Departure”, http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2011/08/libya_next_stage.html)

The situation in Tripoli remains … for accountability and reconciliation.

d. Continued oil shocks and high oil prices will drive millions more into poverty

Hammond 2008

(Andrew, Reporter for Reuters, “High oil prices hitting poor nations-UK Minister”, GUARDIAN.CO.UK, http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/feedarticle/7586433, June 14, 2008)

High oil prices are hitting … who are hardest hit by rising fuel costs."

E.            Poverty Is The Biggest Impact That Exists – Its Effects Are The Same As An Ongoing Nuclear War Against The Poor

Abu-Jamal 1998

(Mumia, Peace Activist, “A Quiet and Deadly Violence,” FLASHPOINTS, September 19, 1998, available online at http://www.flashpoints.net/mQuietDeadlyViolence.html, accessed 6/30/07)

This form of violence, not … decade, throughout the world. [Gilligan, p. 196]

TERRORISM ADVANTAGE

A. Al Qaeda is betting on the failure of the Arab spring in Libya. They will flood the region of long term instability sets in.  

Zarate and Gordon 11

( Juan, Senior Adviser @ CSIS and the former Deputy National Security Advisor for Combating Terrorism, and David, Program Manager and a Research Assistant with the CSIS Transnational Threats Project, The Battle for Reform with al-Qaeda, http://www.twq.com/11summer/docs/11summer_Zarate_Gordon.pdf, JOB)

What if the aspirations of the …nd regain its relevance

B.Libya needs the US to prevent it from becoming a haven for al-Qaeda

Fabri, 8/24/11

http://www.presstv.ir/detail/195579.html Malek, LDP,

Malek: I just want to add, concerning the capture of Mohammad Gaddafi and his brother Seif al-Islam, that they both were captured and released after that, they were released by the revolutionaries, by the al-Qaeda, as a part of a deal they struck with Gaddafi; Gaddafi gave them power and they are looking after him and his family.

Now regards to the West, … whole Mediterranean region.

C.Terrorism Leads to Extinction

Alexander 2003

(Yonah, Washington Times, August 28, LN)

Last week's brutal suicide … global security concerns.

OBSERVATION 2: Solvency

a. Our democracy assistance would take the form of technical experts to assist in the organization of elections and the building of democratic institutions. This is what the NTC is asking for and the US is in a unique position to provide this support. (AUJULI 11)

Aujali , 9/12/2011

By Ali Suleiman, Published: September 12

http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/building-a-free-libya/2011/09/08/gIQA8OPvNK_story.html

Ali Suleiman Aujali is Libya’s ambassador to the United States. He was previously the official representative of National Transitional Council to the United States.

The NTC could not have achieved … foreign policy, it's about colleagues."

B.US involvement is critical to the success of the Libyan transition. (Solomon 11)

Solomon 8/24/2011

 (Daniel, Georgetown University African Studies Program Research Assistant and Former Intern at the US Department of State, 2011, “Pulling The Strings From Behind The Curtain”, http://www.policymic.com/article/show/id/1466/op/yes

As a post-Gaddafi era emerges, … engagement in stabilization and reconstruction.

C.US credibility as propagator of freedom is at an all-time low. libya right now views the us as close ally in attaining its inalienable rights. turning our back on them now sentences us reputation in the region to a self-fish death, a hypocrisy of freedom

Hamid 8/26/2011

 (Shadi, Director of research at the Brookings Doha Center and fellow at the Saban Center for Middle East Policy at the Brookings Institution, “Libya may be in America's vital interest after all”, http://globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2011/08/26/libya-may-be-in-americas-vital-interest-after-all/)

Libya is perhaps the first of …assist its political transition.

IMPACT: If the US loses standing in the middle east it undermines everything America stands for—the experiment in freedom and democracy will fail. We have a moral imperative to support populations overthrowing chains of authoritarianism or else doom all peoples of the world to inaccess to their inalienable rights. If America fails, all people fighting for democracy lose hope in ever attaining freedom. We aren’t promoting American forms of democracy. We’re supporting the human desire for freedom.

(Smith, Tray. March 23, 2011. Editor of The Crimson White, Alabama News Publication.)

Perhaps he also recognizes that … functioning, democracy in Iraq.

Non-democratic nations kill their own people. Causes genocide and other forms of mass murder.

(Lynn-Jones, Sean. 1998. Belfer Center for International Affairs)

Second, America should … violence to repress opponents.31

No action without US; American  involvement galvanizes allied action.

Loescher expert on international refugee policy, Professor at the Refugee Studies Centre, Queen Elizabeth House, University of Oxford, August 1996, Gil, Beyond Charity: International Cooperation And The Global Refugee Crisis A Twentieth Century Fund Book, pg. 107

United States is still the only nation … can enable the UN to meet the expectations invested in it.